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Yu X, Liu J, Wang X, Chen X, Du J. Unveiling the dominance of submarine groundwater discharge on nutrient sources in the Eastern China Marginal Seas. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 262:122136. [PMID: 39067274 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
River and atmosphere are traditionally recognized as the primary nutrient sources impacting coastal ecosystems. Despite the increasing attention towards the often-neglected submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), its understanding and significance in highly human-impacted marginal seas remain limited. This study utilizes unprecedented high-resolution data (561 seawater and 282 groundwater radium samples) to provide precise estimates of 226Ra and 228Ra sources and sinks in the Eastern China Marginal Seas. A coupled 226Ra and 228Ra mass balance model enable an integrated SGD flux of (3.7 ± 2.4) × 1012 m3 yr-1, surpassing rivers by 3.4 times. Furthermore, nutrient delivery from SGD exceeds riverine and atmospheric inputs, potentially inducing substantial changes in coastal nutrient cycles. These alterations have profound implications for primary production and biological communities, deviating significantly from the Redfield ratio. Therefore, comprehending the significance of SGD in nutrient budgets is vital for a comprehensive understanding of biogeochemical dynamics and functionality of marginal sea ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Tropical Island Land Surface Processes and Environmental Changes of Hainan Province, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Jianan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Xilong Wang
- School of Geography and Environmental Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jinzhou Du
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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2
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Wang W, Wang Q, Liu Z, Wang Z, Li H. Carbon export from submarine groundwater discharge in a semi-enclosed bay: Impact for the buffering capacity against coastal ocean acidification. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 260:121920. [PMID: 38896888 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) serves as an important pathway for the transport of dissolved carbon from land to ocean, significantly affecting the coastal biogeochemical cycles. However, the impact of SGD-derived dissolved carbon on the coastal carbon budget remains poorly understood. This study first quantified SGD and associated dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) fluxes in Daya Bay using mass balance models based on radium isotopes (223Ra, 224Ra, 226Ra and 228Ra). We then constructed carbon mass balance models to evaluate the impact of SGD-derived carbon on the buffering capacity against coastal ocean acidification. The estimated SGD fluxes ranged from 0.80 × 107 to 2.64 × 107 m3d-1. The DIC, DOC and TA fluxes from SGD were 17.90-36.44 mmol m-2d-1, 0.93-2.13 mmol m-2d-1, and 21.19-28.47 mmol m-2d-1, respectively. Based on carbon mass balances, the DIC flux from SGD was 19-39 times the riverine input, accounting for 27.16 % ∼ 37.64 % of the total carbon source. These results suggest that SGD is a major contributor to DIC, significantly affecting the coastal carbon budget. Furthermore, the average TA:DIC ratio of groundwater discharging into Daya Bay was approximately 1.13. High TA exports enhance the buffering capacity of the coastal ocean and contribute bicarbonate to the ocean, playing a significant role in the ocean carbon sequestration process. This study demonstrates the importance of SGD-derived dissolved carbon in the assessment of coastal carbon budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Earth Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhaoxi Liu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhenyan Wang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hailong Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, China.
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3
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Li M, Liu J, Wang J, Song Z, Bouwman AF, Ran X. Phosphorus depletion is exacerbated by increasing nitrogen loading in the Bohai sea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 352:124119. [PMID: 38718964 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for algal growth in nearshore ecosystems. In recent years, there has been a shift in nutrient dynamics in nearshore areas, leading to an exacerbation of P limitation, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study analyzed the P species and budget in the Bohai Sea (BS) from 2011 to 2020, aiming to explore the intrinsic mechanisms of P limitation in the BS. The results show that the main external source of P in the BS was river transport (89%), and the primary fate of P was burial (96%) into the sediment. Due to excessive nitrogen (N) input and biological processes in the BS, the P budget in the BS is unbalanced, resulting in an increase in the N/P ratio, particularly in nearshore areas. Nearshore areas typically have lower concentrations of dissolved inorganic P (DIP) in the water and higher concentrations of reactive P (Reac-P) in the sediments. This pattern is particularly evident in Bohai Bay and the northwest nearshore region, where harmful algal blooms occur frequently. To cope with enhanced P limitation, the biologically driven P regeneration and cycling processes within the BS are accelerated. From 2011 to 2020, the concentration of DIP in the BS during autumn increased, while the content of Reac-P in sediments slightly decreased. Historical data indicate that P depletion in the BS is intensifying and expanding, primarily due to N enrichment and algal production. N enrichment alters the structure and composition of primary production, potentially exacerbating P depletion in the BS. Excessive N may have significant impacts on the P pool, potentially influencing the stability of future coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Li
- Marine Ecology Research Center, The First Institute of Oceanology, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China; Marine Chemistry and Environment, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Marine Ecology Research Center, The First Institute of Oceanology, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Zhaoliang Song
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Alexander F Bouwman
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Xiangbin Ran
- Marine Ecology Research Center, The First Institute of Oceanology, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China; Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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4
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Zhang Z, Yi L, Hu Y, Liu N, Ren L. Submarine groundwater discharge and ocean acidification: Implications from China's coastal waters. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 201:116252. [PMID: 38479328 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) is a global environmental concern, and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a potentially process that enhances OA. This review summarizes the relationship between two types of constituents carried by SGD into China's seawater and OA. 1) Current research predominantly concentrates on constituent fluxes from SGD, neglecting its ecological impacts on carbon and nutrients budgets, as well as the mechanisms between carbon and nutrients. 2) Uncertainties persist in SGD research methods and acidification characterization. 3) There's a need to enhance quantitative research methods of SGD-OA, particularly in areas with intricate biogeochemical processes. Effective identification methods are crucial to quantify SGD's contribution to OA. Investigating core scientific questions, including SGD's impact on OA rates and scales, is paramount. While the primary focus is on SGD-OA research in China, insights gained from novel perspectives could have broader value for coastal management globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Lixin Yi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
| | - Yubin Hu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Nan Liu
- College of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Lu Ren
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
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5
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Yu X, Liu J, Chen X, Yu H, Du J. Fresh and saline groundwater nutrient inputs and their impacts on the nutrient budgets in a human-effected bay. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 199:116026. [PMID: 38211541 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) can be highly enriched in nutrients, especially in bays with strong human activity, but has often been overlooked in coastal nutrient budgets. This study investigated the impact of both fresh and saline SGD on nutrient budgets in Sanmen Bay, China, a region heavily influenced by human activities. Based on the 224Ra mass balance model, the total SGD flux was estimated to be (1.1 ± 0.1) × 108 m3 d-1 (13.9 ± 0.5 cm d-1). Additionally, a water-salt mass balance model revealed that fresh SGD flux accounted for ~9.0 % of the total SGD flux. The results highlight the significance of fresh SGD as a freshwater source, contributing to 35.9 % of the total dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) flux via SGD. Considering all nutrient sources and sinks in the Sanmen Bay, SGD was identified as the primary source of nutrients in Sanmen Bay, contributing 53.9 % and 11.9 % of the total dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and DIP input, respectively. Furthermore, the discharge of industrial/domestic sewage and mariculture wastewater also posed a potential threat to nutrient levels in the bay. Thus, initiatives such as reasonable control of culture species and scale, strengthening wastewater discharge and SGD management are crucial for maintaining the ecological environment of the Sanmen Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jianan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Huaming Yu
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Jinzhou Du
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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6
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Luo M, Zhang Y, Xiao K, Wang X, Zhang X, Li G, Li H. Effect of submarine groundwater discharge on nutrient distribution and eutrophication in Liaodong Bay, China. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 247:120732. [PMID: 37948905 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Driven by the anthropogenic activities associated with coastal settlements, eutrophication has become a global issue. Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a significant continuous pathway for transporting nutrients from land to coastal waters, but its influence on eutrophication in Liaodong Bay (LDB) has received limited attention. In this study, radium isotopes and nutrient data from coastal waters were analyzed to evaluate the SGD flux and its implications for potential eutrophication in LDB. We found that the mean concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), phosphorous (DIP), and silicate (DSi) in groundwater were higher than those of seawater and river water. Based on 223Ra and 228Ra mass balance models, the SGD fluxes were estimated to be (0.53-2.03) × 109 m3/d, of which the fresh SGD accounted for 4 %-15 %. SGD is a vital invisible source of nutrients, contributing more than 79 % of the total inputs of DIN, DIP, and DSi into LDB. With high DIN/DIP ratios (average=85.8) and large nutrient inputs, SGD may significantly drive the phosphorus limitation and eutrophication in LDB. This study shows that SGD-derived nutrient fluxes should be considered in the assessment of water eutrophication for the formulation of future environmental management protocols in coastal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manhua Luo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Kai Xiao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xuejing Wang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaolang Zhang
- Department of Geosciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States
| | - Gang Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hailong Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
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7
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Tait DR, Santos IR, Lamontagne S, Sippo JZ, McMahon A, Jeffrey LC, Maher DT. Submarine Groundwater Discharge Exceeds River Inputs as a Source of Nutrients to the Great Barrier Reef. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:15627-15634. [PMID: 37805932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Rivers are often assumed to be the main source of nutrients triggering eutrophication in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). However, existing nutrient budgets suggest a major missing source of nitrogen and phosphorus sustaining primary production. Here, we used radium isotopes to resolve submarine groundwater discharge (SGD)-derived, shelf-scale nutrient inputs to the GBR. The total SGD was ∼10-15 times greater than average river inputs, with nearshore groundwater discharge accounting for ∼30% of this. Total SGD accounted for >30% of all known dissolved inorganic N and >60% of inorganic P inputs and exceeded regional river inputs. However, SGD was only a small proportion of the nutrients necessary to sustain primary productivity, suggesting that internal recycling processes still dominate the nutrient budget. With millions of dollars spent managing surface water nutrient inputs to reef systems globally, we argue for a shift in the focus of management to safeguard reefs from the impacts of excess nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Tait
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour 2450, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, Australia
| | - Isaac R Santos
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, Australia
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Sèbastien Lamontagne
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Urrbrae 5064, Australia
| | - James Z Sippo
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour 2450, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, Australia
| | - Ashley McMahon
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville 4810, Australia
| | - Luke C Jeffrey
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, Australia
| | - Damien T Maher
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour 2450, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, Australia
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8
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Luo M, Zhang Y, Li H, Hu W, Xiao K, Yu S, Zheng C, Wang X. Pollution assessment and sources of dissolved heavy metals in coastal water of a highly urbanized coastal area: The role of groundwater discharge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:151070. [PMID: 34699837 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal concentrations and physicochemical parameters in coastal waters were measured to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics, pollution degrees, and sources of heavy metals in the heavily urbanized Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) in China. Heavy metal concentrations in the eastern GBA were higher than those in the west, and the levels of Pb and Zn in seawater were higher than those in groundwater and river water. Both the pollution factors and comprehensive water quality index demonstrated that seawater was not contaminated with As, Cd, Cr, and Ni, whereas low to considerable levels of contamination of Pb and Zn were observed in the central and eastern sections of the GBA. Multiple statistical analyses suggested that the Pb and Zn contaminations in seawater were probably derived from atmospheric deposition and human activities, and the excess amounts of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn in groundwater were attributed to anthropogenic activities. The heavy metal fluxes from submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) were comparable to, or even greater than, those from local rivers. Therefore, SGD is a significant invisible contributor of heavy metals into the coastal ocean that has often been overlooked in comparison to other visible pollution sources. This study suggests that SGD should be considered in the assessment of heavy metal pollution and future water quality management protocols in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manhua Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hailong Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenli Hu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kai Xiao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shengchao Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chunmiao Zheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xuejing Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Wang Y, Liu D, Xiao W, Zhou P, Tian C, Zhang C, Du J, Guo H, Wang B. Coastal eutrophication in China: Trend, sources, and ecological effects. HARMFUL ALGAE 2021; 107:102058. [PMID: 34456019 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication in coastal waters caused by excess nutrient inputs has occurred widely on a global scale. Due to the rapid economic development over the last four decades, most of the Chinese coastal waters have experienced a eutrophic process. Major observed trends of coastal eutrophication include two periods, a slow development from the 1970s to 1990s and a fast development after 2000, with major contributions of increased nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from river inputs, atmospheric deposition, and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). Nutrient composition and stoichiometry have been significantly changed, including increased ammonium, bioavailable organic N and P, and asymmetric ratios between N, P and silicate (Si). Most of these changes were related to the rapid increases in population density, fertilizer application, sewage discharge, aquaculture and fossil fuel combustion, and have resulted in distinctly increased harmful algal blooms. Coastal eutrophication combined with the effects of climate change is projected to continually grow in coming decades. Targeted research is therefore needed on nitrogen reduction and control, potential adaptation strategies and the consequences for ecosystems and economic sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Dongyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China.
| | - Wupeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, and College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361100, PR China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Chongguo Tian
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, CAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Chuansong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
| | - Jinzhou Du
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Hao Guo
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42, Linghe Street, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116023, PR China.
| | - Baodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, PR China.
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10
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Sun X, Wang T, Chen B, Booth AM, Liu S, Wang R, Zhu L, Zhao X, Qu K. Factors influencing the occurrence and distribution of microplastics in coastal sediments: From source to sink. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 410:124982. [PMID: 33461103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution is attracting growing global attention, but little is known about the factors influencing MP occurrence and distributions in marine sediments. Here, MPs were sampled from the sediments of two semi-enclosed bays (Jinghai Bay and Laizhou Bay) and two coastal open zones (Lancelet Reserve and Solen grandis Reserve) in China. The order of MP abundance was Jinghai Bay > Laizhou Bay > Lancelet Reserve > Solen grandis Reserve. Average MP diversity indices for Laizhou Bay (1.84 ± 0.18), Lancelet Reserve (1.59 ± 0.43), S. grandis Reserve (1.58 ± 0.89), and Jinghai Bay (1.43 ± 0.14) revealed Laizhou Bay had the most complicated MP sources. A significant negative correlation between MP abundance and sediment grain size occurred in the semi-enclosed coastal zones (p = 0.004, r = -0.618) rather than in the open coastal zones (p = 0.051, r = -0.480), indicating small sediment particles can strongly enhance MP accumulation in semi-enclosed costal sediments. Although anthropogenic activities influence the MP distribution at source, the composition of regional and local sediments might impact MP occurrence in semi-enclosed coastal zones from the sink. These results help to improve our understanding of the fate and inventory of MPs in coastal sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Sun
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Teng Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Bijuan Chen
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Andy M Booth
- SINTEF Ocean, Department of Environment and New Resources, Trondheim, 7465, Norway.
| | - Shufang Liu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Rongyuan Wang
- North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xinguo Zhao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Keming Qu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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11
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Luo M, Xiao K, Wang Q, Tian Y, Qiu W, Xiong Y, Zheng C, Li H. Radium and nitrogen isotopes tracing fluxes and sources of submarine groundwater discharge driven nitrate in an urbanized coastal area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:144616. [PMID: 33385844 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The quantitative evaluations of nutrients delivered by submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) have been widely conducted worldwide, but sources of nutrients in the discharged submarine groundwater remain unclear. Identifying these sources of nutrients is essential to the protection and management of marine ecological environments. This study aims to evaluate the magnitudes of SGD and the associated nitrate in the Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GHM Greater Bay Area), China, and identify the sources of SGD-driven nitrate in this region using radioactive radium (Ra) isotopes (223Ra, 224Ra, and 228Ra) and stable nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) isotope composition of nitrate (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-). The results of the Ra mixing model show that the estimated SGD and the associated nitrate fluxes into the Greater Bay Area are (9.15 ± 1.26) × 108 m3/d and (3.77 ± 0.52) × 107 mol/d, respectively, both of which are comparable to the contributions from the Pearl River. Combing NO3- dual isotopic signatures of sampled coastal groundwater and five kinds of potential nitrate sources, we found that ammonium (NH4+) fertilizer and natural soil N are the two main sources of nitrate in discharged submarine groundwater and rivers. No anthropogenic inputs from manure or sewage waste were identified. This study provides significant insights into the establishment of effective management strategies for controlling SGD-nutrients into the bay and protecting the marine ecological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation & Environment Evolution and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Manhua Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation & Environment Evolution and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kai Xiao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yong Tian
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenhui Qiu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chunmiao Zheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hailong Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation & Environment Evolution and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
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12
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Huang D, Zhang Z, Sun M, Feng Z, Ye M. Characterization and ecological function of bacterial communities in seabed sediments of the southwestern Yellow Sea and northwestern East China Sea, Western Pacific. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:143233. [PMID: 33158535 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The marine ecosystems of the marginal seas of the Western Pacific region are frequently disturbed by terrigenous materials. It is of great significance to investigate the ecological functioning of these marine areas, which can be well understood by exploring the microbial communities of sediments. However, the geographical distribution, composition, and genetic functions of sedimentary bacterial communities of the Yellow Sea and East China Sea (YEC Seas) are poorly understood. In this work, sediment samples were collected from YEC Sea areas to investigate bacterial communities by high-throughput sequencing. A total of 1960 genera were determined, with Proteobacteria being the dominant phylum (45.03%), followed by Planctomycetes, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, and Chloroflexi. Correlation analysis indicates that the bacterial composition is influenced by environmental factors, including pressure, depth, seawater density, salinity, organic matter content, nutrient, and heavy metal. Approximately 178 metabolism pathways annotated in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database were detected in the bacterial communities, including ones for nutrient metabolism (C, 3.04%; S, 0.70%; N, 0.52%; and P, 0.22%) and exogenous pollutant metabolism (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorobenzene, and benzoate; up to 4.97%). The results demonstrate that the abundant bacterial communities in the sediments of the YEC Seas are important for maintaining marine ecological functioning, especially for elemental biogeochemical cycling and exogenous pollutant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Zhongyun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Mingming Sun
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhengyao Feng
- College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Mao Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
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13
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Wang Q, Li H, Zhang Y, Wang X, Xiao K, Zhang X, Huang Y, Dan SF. Submarine groundwater discharge and its implication for nutrient budgets in the western Bohai Bay, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2020; 212:106132. [PMID: 31885366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.106132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) supplies substantial quantities of nutrients from land to oceans. However, SGD and associated nutrient fluxes have long been ignored in Bohai Bay, which is subjected to the serious environmental problem. Here, we investigated the concentrations of radon (222Rn) and nutrients in groundwater and surface water in the western Bohai Bay during May 2017. The flushing time in the bay was estimated to be 38.8-58.3 days based on tidal prism model. The SGD flux was estimated to be 7.3 ± 4.8 cm d-1 based on 222Rn mass balance model. The SGD associated nutrient fluxes were estimated to be (6.3 ± 4.1) × 107 mol d-1 for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), (1.2 ± 0.8) × 106 mol d-1 for dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) and (7.5 ± 4.9) × 107 mol d-1 for dissolved inorganic silicon (DSi). By establishing nutrient budgets, we found that SGD was a major source, contributing 80.8% of all source for DIN, 90.7% of all source for DIP and 78.4% of all source for DSi into the western Bohai Bay. This study shows that SGD associated nutrient fluxes may have significant impact on nutrient budgets in the western Bohai Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences-Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences-Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hailong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences-Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control and School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences-Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences-Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xuejing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control and School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control and School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaolang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control and School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yimeng Huang
- Sichuan Provincial Earthquake Bureau, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Solomon Felix Dan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
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14
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Global Research Trends and Hotspots on Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD): A Bibliometric Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17030830. [PMID: 32013083 PMCID: PMC7036937 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), a major component of the hydrological cycle, has significant impacts on the sustainable development of the marine environment. This study aimed to examine the literature characteristics and research hotspots of SGD based on Web of Science’s citation database from 1998–2019. With systematic bibliometric analysis, insights were made into multiple aspects including research output, subject categories, journals, countries/territories, institutions, authors, and hotspots and research trends. Results showed that the current amount of publications on SGD has increased exponentially. The characteristics of multi-subject, active international and inter-institutional collaborations were identified. There were 11 core journals publishing the research on SGD, and the number of covered journals increased linearly from 1998. USA had distinct advantages in publication outputs and took the core position in international collaborations. At present, the research hotspots of SGD mainly include the following: dynamics process and estimation of SGD with hydrogeological methods, tracer techniques, geochemical process in subterranean estuary, and dissolved material inputs to coastal waters via SGD. Citation analysis implied much development space in carbon flux transported by SGD and the implement of head as groundwater tracer. These results provided an instructive perspective of the present situation and future research direction on SGD.
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15
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Lu M, Luo X, Jiao JJ, Li H, Wang X, Gao J, Zhang X, Xiao K. Nutrients and heavy metals mediate the distribution of microbial community in the marine sediments of the Bohai Sea, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113069. [PMID: 31541809 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Bohai Sea, one of the largest marginal seas in China, is extensively influenced by human and industrial activities. The pollutant loads from anthropogenic activities have induced severe ecological problems. The study investigates the physicochemical characteristics of seawater and sediments in Bohai Bay and Laizhou Bay of the Bohai Sea. The diversity and composition of microbial community in sediments are analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The sequencing results present 16 phyla and 31 classes from the samples. Proteobacteria constituted a dominant phylum, of which the classes of Gamma-, Delta-, and Epsilon-are predominant sub-divisions. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycling related microbes present high abundance in both bays. The metabolism of organic matters is the main factor that influences the distribution of microbial communities in Bohai Bay, while the inflow of Yellow River is the dominant factor that influences the distribution of microbial communities in Laizhou Bay. Sulfur oxidizing process is expected to be positively influenced by heavy metals, while ammonia (NH4+) oxidizing process is prone to be negatively affected by heavy metals in both bays. Microbial communities in the offshore sediments of Laizhou Bay and the majority microbial communities in Bohai Bay sediments are subject to similar predominant controlling factors. This phenomenon is likely ascribed to ocean circulation. The results of this study can provide constructive guidelines on ecosystem management of marginal seas in Bohai and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqing Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 999077, PR China; The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute (SIRI), Shenzhen, 518057, PR China; The University of Hong Kong-Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-ZIRI), Hangzhou, 311305, PR China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 999077, PR China
| | - Jiu Jimmy Jiao
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 999077, PR China
| | - Hailong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| | - Xuejing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Jingyan Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Xiaolang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 999077, PR China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
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16
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Prakash R, Srinivasamoorthy K, Gopinath S, Saravanan K, Vinnarasi F, Ponnumani G, Chidambaram S, Anandhan P. Radon isotope assessment of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in Coleroon River Estuary, Tamil Nadu, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-5877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Wang J, Liu Q, Chen J, Chen H, Lin H, Sun X. Total mercury flux and offshore transport via submarine groundwater discharge and coal-fired power plant in the Jiulong River estuary, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 127:794-803. [PMID: 29042105 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A mass balance of total mercury (HgT, dissolved+particulate) is constructed for China's Jiulong River estuary based on measured HgT concentrations in the surface water, sediment, porewater, and groundwater for May, August, and November 2009, combined with data from the literature. The HgT mass budget results show that the dominant source (39-55%) is desulfurized seawater discharged from the Songyu coal-fired power plant. Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD)-derived HgT flux into the estuary is equivalent to 8-58% of the HgT input from the Jiulong River, which is remarkable when compared with SGD-derived HgT fluxes reported in coastal systems worldwide. Hence, SGD is a significant pathway for the transport of HgT into the Jiulong River estuary. The primary HgT sinks is export to the Taiwan Strait (53-88%), which has important environmental implications on the Hg cycling and marine ecosystems in marginal seas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigang Wang
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
| | - Jinmin Chen
- Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Hongzhe Chen
- Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xiuwu Sun
- Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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Li Y, Wu C, Zhou M, Wang ET, Zhang Z, Liu W, Ning J, Xie Z. Diversity of Cultivable Protease-Producing Bacteria in Laizhou Bay Sediments, Bohai Sea, China. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:405. [PMID: 28360893 PMCID: PMC5352678 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protease-producing bacteria are widespread in ocean sediments and play important roles in degrading sedimentary nitrogenous organic materials. However, the diversity of the bacteria and the proteases involved in such processes remain largely unknown especially for communities in enclosed sea bays. Here, we investigated the diversity of the extracellular protease-producing bacteria and their protease types in Laizhou Bay. A total of 121 bacterial isolates were obtained from sediment samples in 7 sites and their protease types were characterized. The abundance of cultivable protease-producing bacteria was about 104 CFU g-1 of sediment. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggest that the isolates belonged to 17 genera from 4 phyla including Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, and mainly dominated by the genera Pseudoalteromonas (40.5%), Bacillus (36.3%), and Photobacterium (5.8%). The diversity and community structure varied among different sampling sites but no significant correlation was observed with soil sediment's characteristics. Enzyme activity and inhibition tests further revealed that all isolates secreted proteases that were inhibited by serine and/or metalloprotease inhibitors, and a smaller proportion was inhibited by inhibitors of cysteine and/or aspartic proteases. Furthermore, all isolates effectively degraded casein and/or gelatin with only a few that could hydrolyze elastin, suggesting that the bacteria were producing different kinds of serine proteases or metalloproteases. This study provided novel insights on the community structure of cultivable protease-producing bacteria near the Yellow River estuary of an enclosed sea bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Yantai, China
| | - Chaoya Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesYantai, China; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Mingyang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology Jinan, China
| | - En Tao Wang
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Zhenpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Yantai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Yantai, China
| | - Jicai Ning
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Yantai, China
| | - Zhihong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Yantai, China
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