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Zhou Y, Ponraj G, Sun W, Li J, Ren H, Ouyang J. Fully Organic Sensors for Continuous Real-Time Digestion Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:32578-32586. [PMID: 38865685 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring the gastric digestive function is important for the diagnosis of gastric disorders and drug development. However, there is no report on the in situ and real-time monitoring of digestive functions. Herein, we report a flexible fully organic sensor to effectively monitor protein digestion in situ in a simulated gastric environment for the first time. The sensors are made of a blend of gluten that is a protein and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) that is a conducting polymer. During the protein digestion, the breakdown of the polypeptides increases the level of separation among the PEDOT chains, thereby increasing the resistance. The resistance variation is sensitive to various conditions, including the concentration of pepsin that is the enzyme for protein digestion, temperature, pH value, and digestive drugs. Hence, these sensors can provide real-time information about the digestion and efficacy of digestive drugs. In addition, the signals can be collected via a convenient wireless communication manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore 117574, Singapore, Singapore
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University of China, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Godwin Ponraj
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Wen Sun
- NUS Chongqing Research Institute, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing 119077, China
| | - Jianzhang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University of China, Nanjing 210037, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University of China, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Hongliang Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hong Kong Chinese University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianyong Ouyang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore 117574, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Chongqing Research Institute, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing 119077, China
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2
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Hafner A, Costa L, Kourousias G, Bonanni V, Žižić M, Stolfa A, Bazi B, Vincze L, Gianoncelli A. An innovative in situ AFM system for a soft X-ray spectromicroscopy synchrotron beamline. Analyst 2024; 149:700-706. [PMID: 38054815 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01358h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal imaging and spectroscopy like concurrent scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) are highly desirable as they allow retrieving complementary information. This paper reports on the design, development, integration and field testing of a novel in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) instrument for operation under high vacuum in a synchrotron soft X-ray microscopy STXM-XRF end-station. A combination of μXRF and AFM is demonstrated for the first time in the soft X-ray regime, with an outlook for the full XRF-STXM-AFM combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljoša Hafner
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 km 163, 5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Luca Costa
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR 5048 - UM - INSERM U 1054, 29 rue de Navacelles 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - George Kourousias
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 km 163, 5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Valentina Bonanni
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 km 163, 5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Milan Žižić
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 km 163, 5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Andrea Stolfa
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 km 163, 5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Benjamin Bazi
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laszlo Vincze
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 km 163, 5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
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3
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Ricciardi V, Lasalvia M, Perna G, Portaccio M, Delfino I, Lepore M, Capozzi V, Manti L. Vibrational spectroscopies for biochemical investigation of X-ray exposure effects on SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2023:10.1007/s00411-023-01035-2. [PMID: 37392215 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-023-01035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most recurring cancer in childhood and adolescence. The SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line is generally adopted for elaborating new therapeutical approaches and/or elaborating strategies for the prevention of central nervous system disturbances. In fact, it represents a valid model system for investigating in vitro the effects on the brain of X-ray exposure using vibrational spectroscopies that can detect early radiation-induced molecular alterations of potential clinical usefulness. In recent years, we dedicated significant efforts in the use of Fourier-transform and Raman microspectroscopy techniques for characterizing such radiation-induced effects on SH-SY5Y cells by examining the contributions from different cell components (DNA, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates) to the vibrational spectra. In this review, we aim at revising and comparing the main results of our studies to provide a wide outlook of the latest outcomes and a framework for future radiobiology research using vibrational spectroscopies. A short description of our experimental approaches and data analysis procedures is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Ricciardi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Sezione di Napoli, 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Lasalvia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Foggia, 71122, Foggia, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Sezione di Bari, 70100, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perna
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Foggia, 71122, Foggia, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Sezione di Bari, 70100, Bari, Italy
| | - Marianna Portaccio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Ines Delfino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Maria Lepore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Vito Capozzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Foggia, 71122, Foggia, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Sezione di Bari, 70100, Bari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Manti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Sezione di Napoli, 80100, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E. Pancini", Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80100, Naples, Italy
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4
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Gräfenstein A, Brückner D, Rumancev C, Garrevoet J, Galbierz V, Schroeder WH, Schroer CG, Falkenberg G, Rosenhahn A. Single-Slice XRF Mapping of Light Elements in Frozen-Hydrated Allium schoenoprasum via a Self-Absorption-Corrected Hyperspectral Tomographic Reconstruction Approach. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37384657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
3D and 2D-cross-sectional X-ray fluorescence analysis of biological material is a powerful tool to image the distribution of elements and to understand and quantify metal homeostasis and the distribution of anthropogenic metals and nanoparticles with minimal preparation artifacts. Using tomograms recorded on cryogenically prepared leaves of Allium schoenoprasum, the cross-sectional distribution of physiologically relevant elements like calcium, potassium, manganese, and zinc could be tomographically reconstructed by peak fitting followed by a conventional maximum-likelihood algorithm with self-absorption correction to reveal the quantitative cross-sectional element distribution. If light elements such as S and P are located deep in the sample compared to the escape depth of their characteristic X-ray fluorescence lines, the quantitative reconstruction becomes inaccurate. As a consequence, noise is amplified to a magnitude where it might be misinterpreted as actual concentration. We show that a tomographic MCA hyperspectral reconstruction in combination with a self-absorption correction allows for fitting of the XRF spectra directly in real space, which significantly improves the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the light elements compared to the conventional method as noise and artifacts in the tomographic reconstruction are reduced. This reconstruction approach can substantially improve the quantitative analysis of trace elements as it allows the fitting of summed voxel spectra in anatomical regions of interest. The presented method can be applied to XRF 2D single-slice tomography data and 3D tomograms and is particularly relevant for, but not limited to, biological material in order to help retrieve self-absorption corrected quantitative reconstructions of the spatial distribution of light elements and ultra-trace-elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gräfenstein
- Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150NC4, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - D Brückner
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Imaging Platform, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Rumancev
- Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150NC4, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - J Garrevoet
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - V Galbierz
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - W H Schroeder
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Nanotech Consulting, Liblarer Straβe 8, 50321 Brühl, Germany
| | - C G Schroer
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Imaging Platform, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Falkenberg
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Rosenhahn
- Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150NC4, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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Huang P, Lee C, Lee L, Huang H, Huang Y, Lan J, Lee C. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) by gold nanoparticle characterizes dermal thickening by collagen in bleomycin-treated skin ex vivo. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13334. [PMID: 37231930 PMCID: PMC10316472 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Current skin imaging modalities, including optical, electron, and confocal microscopy, mostly require tissue fixations that could damage proteins and biological molecules. Live tissue or cell imaging such as ultrasonography and optical coherent microscope may not adequately measure the dynamic spectroscopical changes. Raman spectroscopy has been adopted for skin imaging in vivo, mostly for skin cancer imaging. However, whether the epidermal and dermal thickening in skin could be measured and distinguished by conventional Ramen spectroscopy or the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), a rapid and label-free method for noninvasive measurement remains unknown. METHODS Human skin sections from patients of atopic dermatitis and keloid, which represent epidermal and dermal thickening, respectively, were measured by conventional Ramen spectroscopy. In mice, skin sections from imiquimod (IMQ)- and bleomycin (BLE)-treated mice, which reflect the epidermal and dermal thickening, respectively, were measured by SERS, that incorporates gold nanoparticles to generate surface plasma and enhance Raman signals. RESULTS Conventional Ramen spectroscopy failed to consistently show the Raman shift in human samples among the different groups. SERS successfully revealed a prominent peak around 1300 cm-1 in the IMQ-treated skin; and two significant peaks around 1100 and 1300 cm-1 in BLE-treated group. Further quantitative analysis showed 1100 cm-1 peak was significantly accentuated in the BLE-treated skin than that in control skin. SERS identified in vitro a similar 1100 cm-1 peak in solutions of collagen, the major dermal biological molecules. CONCLUSION SERS distinguishes the epidermal or dermal thickening in mouse skin with rapid and label-free measures. A prominent 1100 cm-1 SERS peak in the BLE-treated skin may result from collagen. SERS might help precision diagnosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po‐Jung Huang
- Institute of Environmental EngineeringNational Sun Yat‐sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of Chemical and Materials EngineeringNational Central UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Chao‐Kuei Lee
- Department of PhotonicsNational Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Ling‐Hau Lee
- Department of DermatologyKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of DermatologyChang Gung University College of MedicineTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Hsiang‐Fu Huang
- Department of PhotonicsNational Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Hsuan Huang
- Department of PhotonicsNational Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Jia‐Chi Lan
- Department of PhotonicsNational Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Hung Lee
- Department of DermatologyKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of DermatologyChang Gung University College of MedicineTaoyuanTaiwan
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6
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X-rays induced alterations in mechanical and biochemical properties of isolated SH-SY5Y nuclei. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130291. [PMID: 36529242 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of ionizing radiations in radiotherapy is an effective and very common cancer treatment after surgery. Although ionizing-radiation DNA damages are extensively investigated, little is known about their effects on the other nuclear components, since their variations when studied in whole cells can be difficult to decouple from those of the cytoplasmatic structures. The organization of nuclear components plays a functional role since they are directly involved in some of the nuclear response to chemical or physical stimuli. For this reason, studying the X-ray effects on nuclear components is a crucial step in radiobiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have used Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and micro-FTIR to examine the biomechanical and biochemical properties of hydrated fixed nuclei isolated from neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells irradiated by 2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy X-ray doses. RESULTS The experimental results have shown that, already at 2 Gy irradiation dose, the nuclei exhibit not only a DNA damage, but also relevant alterations of lipid saturation, protein secondary structure arrangement and a significant decrease in nuclear stiffness, which indicate a remarkable chromatin decondensation. CONCLUSIONS AND GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The present work demonstrates that a multi-technique approach, able to disclose multiple features, can be helpful to achieve a comprehensive picture of the X-ray irradiation effects of the nuclear components and distinguish them from those occurring at the level of cytoplasm.
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Guzzi F, Gianoncelli A, Billè F, Carrato S, Kourousias G. Automatic Differentiation for Inverse Problems in X-ray Imaging and Microscopy. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030629. [PMID: 36983785 PMCID: PMC10051220 DOI: 10.3390/life13030629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Computational techniques allow breaking the limits of traditional imaging methods, such as time restrictions, resolution, and optics flaws. While simple computational methods can be enough for highly controlled microscope setups or just for previews, an increased level of complexity is instead required for advanced setups, acquisition modalities or where uncertainty is high; the need for complex computational methods clashes with rapid design and execution. In all these cases, Automatic Differentiation, one of the subtopics of Artificial Intelligence, may offer a functional solution, but only if a GPU implementation is available. In this paper, we show how a framework built to solve just one optimisation problem can be employed for many different X-ray imaging inverse problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Guzzi
- Elettra—Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14—km 163,500 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Elettra—Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14—km 163,500 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Fulvio Billè
- Elettra—Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14—km 163,500 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sergio Carrato
- Department of Engineering and Architecture (DIA), University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - George Kourousias
- Elettra—Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14—km 163,500 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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8
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Merolle L, Pascolo L, Zupin L, Parisse P, Bonanni V, Gariani G, Kenig S, Bedolla DE, Crovella S, Ricci G, Iotti S, Malucelli E, Kourousias G, Gianoncelli A. Impact of Sample Preparation Methods on Single-Cell X-ray Microscopy and Light Elemental Analysis Evaluated by Combined Low Energy X-ray Fluorescence, STXM and AFM. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041992. [PMID: 36838979 PMCID: PMC9962160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although X-ray fluorescence microscopy is becoming a widely used technique for single-cell analysis, sample preparation for this microscopy remains one of the main challenges in obtaining optimal conditions for the measurements in the X-ray regime. The information available to researchers on sample treatment is inadequate and unclear, sometimes leading to wasted time and jeopardizing the experiment's success. Many cell fixation methods have been described, but none of them have been systematically tested and declared the most suitable for synchrotron X-ray microscopy. METHODS The HEC-1-A endometrial cells, human spermatozoa, and human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells were fixed with organic solvents and cross-linking methods: 70% ethanol, 3.7%, and 2% paraformaldehyde; in addition, HEK-293 cells were subjected to methanol/ C3H6O treatment and cryofixation. Fixation methods were compared by coupling low-energy X-ray fluorescence with scanning transmission X-ray microscopy and atomic force microscopy. RESULTS Organic solvents lead to greater dehydration of cells, which has the most significant effect on the distribution and depletion of diffusion elements. Paraformaldehyde provides robust and reproducible data. Finally, the cryofixed cells provide the best morphology and element content results. CONCLUSION Although cryofixation seems to be the most appropriate method as it allows for keeping cells closer to physiological conditions, it has some technical limitations. Paraformaldehyde, when used at the average concentration of 3.7%, is also an excellent alternative for X-ray microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Merolle
- AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Transfusion Medicine Unit, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Lorella Pascolo
- IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luisa Zupin
- IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Pietro Parisse
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Elettra—Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Valentina Bonanni
- Elettra—Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianluca Gariani
- Elettra—Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sasa Kenig
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, 6310 Izola, Slovenia
| | - Diana E. Bedolla
- Elettra—Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Giuseppe Ricci
- IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, 34137 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Iotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Emil Malucelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - George Kourousias
- Elettra—Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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Pattammattel A, Tappero R, Gavrilov D, Zhang H, Aronstein P, Forman HJ, O'Day PA, Yan H, Chu YS. Multimodal X-ray nano-spectromicroscopy analysis of chemically heterogeneous systems. Metallomics 2022; 14:6754152. [PMID: 36208212 PMCID: PMC9584160 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the nanoscale chemical speciation of heterogeneous systems in their native environment is critical for several disciplines such as life and environmental sciences, biogeochemistry, and materials science. Synchrotron-based X-ray spectromicroscopy tools are widely used to understand the chemistry and morphology of complex material systems owing to their high penetration depth and sensitivity. The multidimensional (4D+) structure of spectromicroscopy data poses visualization and data-reduction challenges. This paper reports the strategies for the visualization and analysis of spectromicroscopy data. We created a new graphical user interface and data analysis platform named XMIDAS (X-ray multimodal image data analysis software) to visualize spectromicroscopy data from both image and spectrum representations. The interactive data analysis toolkit combined conventional analysis methods with well-established machine learning classification algorithms (e.g. nonnegative matrix factorization) for data reduction. The data visualization and analysis methodologies were then defined and optimized using a model particle aggregate with known chemical composition. Nanoprobe-based X-ray fluorescence (nano-XRF) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (nano-XANES) spectromicroscopy techniques were used to probe elemental and chemical state information of the aggregate sample. We illustrated the complete chemical speciation methodology of the model particle by using XMIDAS. Next, we demonstrated the application of this approach in detecting and characterizing nanoparticles associated with alveolar macrophages. Our multimodal approach combining nano-XRF, nano-XANES, and differential phase-contrast imaging efficiently visualizes the chemistry of localized nanostructure with the morphology. We believe that the optimized data-reduction strategies and tool development will facilitate the analysis of complex biological and environmental samples using X-ray spectromicroscopy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajith Pattammattel
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Ryan Tappero
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Dmitri Gavrilov
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Hongqiao Zhang
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Paul Aronstein
- Environmental Systems Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Peggy A O'Day
- Environmental Systems Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA.,Life and Environmental Sciences Department and the Sierra Nevada Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Hanfei Yan
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Yong S Chu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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10
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Pan D, Fan J, Nie Z, Sun Z, Zhang J, Tong Y, He B, Song C, Kohmura Y, Yabashi M, Ishikawa T, Shen Y, Jiang H. Quantitative analysis of the effect of radiation on mitochondria structure using coherent diffraction imaging with a clustering algorithm. IUCRJ 2022; 9:223-230. [PMID: 35371506 PMCID: PMC8895015 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252521012963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Radiation damage and a low signal-to-noise ratio are the primary factors that limit spatial resolution in coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) of biomaterials using X-ray sources. Introduced here is a clustering algorithm named ConvRe based on deep learning, and it is applied to obtain accurate and consistent image reconstruction from noisy diffraction patterns of weakly scattering biomaterials. To investigate the impact of X-ray radiation on soft biomaterials, CDI experiments were performed on mitochondria from human embryonic kidney cells using synchrotron radiation. Benefiting from the new algorithm, structural changes in the mitochondria induced by X-ray radiation damage were quantitatively characterized and analysed at the nanoscale with different radiation doses. This work also provides a promising approach for improving the imaging quality of biomaterials with XFEL-based plane-wave CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Pan
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiadong Fan
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
- Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajun Tong
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo He
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changyong Song
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Yoshiki Kohmura
- SPring-8 Center, RIKEN, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Makina Yabashi
- SPring-8 Center, RIKEN, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishikawa
- SPring-8 Center, RIKEN, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Yuequan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaidong Jiang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Panneels V, Diaz A, Imsand C, Guizar-Sicairos M, Müller E, Bittermann AG, Ishikawa T, Menzel A, Kaech A, Holler M, Grimm C, Schertler G. Imaging of retina cellular and subcellular structures using ptychographic hard X-ray tomography. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272479. [PMID: 34494099 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ptychographic hard X-ray computed tomography (PXCT) is a recent method allowing imaging with quantitative electron-density contrast. Here, we imaged, at cryogenic temperature and without sectioning, cellular and subcellular structures of a chemically fixed and stained wild-type mouse retina, including axons and synapses, with complete isotropic 3D information over tens of microns. Comparison with tomograms of degenerative retina from a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa illustrates the potential of this method for analyzing disease processes like neurodegeneration at sub-200 nm resolution. As a non-destructive imaging method, PXCT is very suitable for correlative imaging. Within the outer plexiform layer containing the photoreceptor synapses, we identified somatic synapses. We used a small region inside the X-ray-imaged sample for further high-resolution focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope tomography. The subcellular structures of synapses obtained with the X-ray technique matched the electron microscopy data, demonstrating that PXCT is a powerful scanning method for tissue volumes of more than 60 cells and sensitive enough for identification of regions as small as 200 nm, which remain available for further structural and biochemical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Panneels
- Division of Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Ana Diaz
- Division of Photon Science, Laboratory for Macromolecules and Bioimaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Imsand
- Laboratory for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Guizar-Sicairos
- Division of Photon Science, Laboratory for Macromolecules and Bioimaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Müller
- Division of Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Nanoscale Biology, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Anne Greet Bittermann
- ScopeM, Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Takashi Ishikawa
- Division of Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Menzel
- Division of Photon Science, Laboratory for Macromolecules and Bioimaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Andres Kaech
- Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mirko Holler
- Division of Photon Science, Laboratory for Macromolecules and Bioimaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Christian Grimm
- Laboratory for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Gebhard Schertler
- Division of Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Licursi V, Wang W, Di Nisio E, Cammarata FP, Acquaviva R, Russo G, Manti L, Cestelli Guidi M, Fratini E, Kamel G, Amendola R, Pisciotta P, Negri R. Transcriptional modulations induced by proton irradiation in mice skin in function of adsorbed dose and distance. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/16878507.2021.1949675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Licursi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies C. Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies C. Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Di Nisio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies C. Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco P. Cammarata
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM-CNR) , CNR, Cefalù (PA), Italy
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosaria Acquaviva
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, INFN, Catania, Italy
- Department of Drug and Health Science, Biochemistry section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giorgio Russo
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM-CNR) , CNR, Cefalù (PA), Italy
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Manti
- Department of Physics “E. Pancini” University of Naples Federico II, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Section of Naples, INFN, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Emiliano Fratini
- Department of Science, University of Rome “Roma Tre”, Rome, Italy
| | - Gihan Kamel
- SESAME (Synchrotron - Light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East), Allan, Jordan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Roberto Amendola
- SSPT-TECS-SAM, CR Casaccia, ENEA, SSPT-TECS-SAM, CR Casaccia, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Pisciotta
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM-CNR) , CNR, Cefalù (PA), Italy
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, INFN, Catania, Italy
- Department of Radiotherapy, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rodolfo Negri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies C. Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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13
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FT-IR Transflection Micro-Spectroscopy Study on Normal Human Breast Cells after Exposure to a Proton Beam. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11020540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared micro-spectroscopy (μ-FT-IR) is nowadays considered a valuable tool for investigating the changes occurring in human cells after exposure to ionizing radiation. Recently, considerable attention has been devoted to the use of this optical technique in the study of cells exposed to proton beams, that are being increasingly adopted in cancer therapy. Different experimental configurations are used for proton irradiation and subsequent spectra acquisition. To facilitate the use of μ-FT-IR, it may be useful to investigate new experimental approaches capable of speeding up and simplifying the irradiation and measurements phases. Here, we propose the use of low-e-substrates slides for cell culture, allowing the irradiation and spectra acquisition in transflection mode in a fast and direct way. In recent years, there has been a wide debate about the validity of these supports, but many researchers agree that the artifacts due to the presence of the electromagnetic standing wave effects are negligible in many practical cases. We investigated human normal breast cells (MCF-10 cell line) fixed immediately after the irradiation with graded proton radiation doses (0, 0.5, 2, and 4 Gy). The spectra obtained in transflection geometry showed characteristics very similar to those present in the spectra acquired in transmission geometry and confirm the validity of the chosen approach. The analysis of spectra indicates the occurrence of significant changes in DNA and lipids components of cells. Modifications in protein secondary structure are also evidenced.
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14
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Bedolla DE, Birarda G, Giannotta S, Faoro V, Cescato A, Vaccari L, Gianoncelli A. Oxidation of ultralene and paraffin due to radiation damage after exposure to soft X-rays probed by FTIR microspectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:231-239. [PMID: 33399573 DOI: 10.1107/s160057752001471x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Radiation damage upon soft X-ray exposure is an important issue to be considered in soft X-ray microscopy. The work presented here is part of a more extended study on the topic and focuses on the effects of soft X-rays on paraffin, a common embedding medium for soft-tissues, and on ultralene and Si3N4 windows as sample supports. Our studies suggest that the sample environment indeed plays an important role in the radiation damage process and therefore should be carefully taken into account for the analysis and interpretation of new data. The radiation damage effects were followed over time using a combination of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and it was demonstrated that, for higher doses, an oxidation of both embedding medium and ultralene substrate takes place after the irradiated sample is exposed to air. This oxidation is reflected in a clear increase of C=O and O-H infrared bands and on the XRF oxygen maps, correlated with a decrease of the aliphatic infrared signal. The results also show that the oxidation process may affect quantitative evaluation of light element concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana E Bedolla
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S.14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, Basovizza, TS 34149, Italy
| | - Giovanni Birarda
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S.14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, Basovizza, TS 34149, Italy
| | - Sabina Giannotta
- Laboratori Riuniti - Synlab, Via delle Mura 2, Trieste, TS 34121, Italy
| | - Valentina Faoro
- Laboratori Riuniti - Synlab, Via delle Mura 2, Trieste, TS 34121, Italy
| | - Alberto Cescato
- Laboratori Riuniti - Synlab, Via delle Mura 2, Trieste, TS 34121, Italy
| | - Lisa Vaccari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S.14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, Basovizza, TS 34149, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S.14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, Basovizza, TS 34149, Italy
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15
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Surowka AD, Gianoncelli A, Birarda G, Sala S, Cefarin N, Matruglio A, Szczerbowska-Boruchowska M, Ziomber-Lisiak A, Vaccari L. Soft X-ray induced radiation damage in thin freeze-dried brain samples studied by FTIR microscopy. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:1218-1226. [PMID: 32876596 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to push the spatial resolution limits to the nanoscale, synchrotron-based soft X-ray microscopy (XRM) experiments require higher radiation doses to be delivered to materials. Nevertheless, the associated radiation damage impacts on the integrity of delicate biological samples. Herein, the extent of soft X-ray radiation damage in popular thin freeze-dried brain tissue samples mounted onto Si3N4 membranes, as highlighted by Fourier transform infrared microscopy (FTIR), is reported. The freeze-dried tissue samples were found to be affected by general degradation of the vibrational architecture, though these effects were weaker than those observed in paraffin-embedded and hydrated systems reported in the literature. In addition, weak, reversible and specific features of the tissue-Si3N4 interaction could be identified for the first time upon routine soft X-ray exposures, further highlighting the complex interplay between the biological sample, its preparation protocol and X-ray probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur D Surowka
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, SS 14, km 163.5, Basovizza, TS 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - A Gianoncelli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, SS 14, km 163.5, Basovizza, TS 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - G Birarda
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, SS 14, km 163.5, Basovizza, TS 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - S Sala
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, SS 14, km 163.5, Basovizza, TS 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - N Cefarin
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, SS 14, km 163.5, Basovizza, TS 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - A Matruglio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Szczerbowska-Boruchowska
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, al. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - A Ziomber-Lisiak
- Chair of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, ul. Czysta 18, Kraków 31-121, Poland
| | - L Vaccari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, SS 14, km 163.5, Basovizza, TS 34149 Trieste, Italy
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16
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Gosse C, Stanescu S, Frederick J, Lefrançois S, Vecchiola A, Moskura M, Swaraj S, Belkhou R, Watts B, Haltebourg P, Blot C, Daillant J, Guenoun P, Chevallard C. A pressure-actuated flow cell for soft X-ray spectromicroscopy in liquid media. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3213-3229. [PMID: 32735308 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01127g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present and fully characterize a flow cell dedicated to imaging in liquid at the nanoscale. Its use as a routine sample environment for soft X-ray spectromicroscopy is demonstrated, in particular through the spectral analysis of inorganic particles in water. The care taken in delineating the fluidic pathways and the precision associated with pressure actuation ensure the efficiency of fluid renewal under the beam, which in turn guarantees a successful utilization of this microfluidic tool for in situ kinetic studies. The assembly of the described flow cell necessitates no sophisticated microfabrication and can be easily implemented in any laboratory. Furthermore, the design principles we relied on are transposable to all microscopies involving strongly absorbed radiation (e.g. X-ray, electron), as well as to all kinds of X-ray diffraction/scattering techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Gosse
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, LPN-CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France.
| | - Stefan Stanescu
- Synchrotron Soleil, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin - BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Joni Frederick
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, LPN-CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France. and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Stéphane Lefrançois
- Synchrotron Soleil, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin - BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Aymeric Vecchiola
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, LPN-CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France. and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Mélanie Moskura
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Sufal Swaraj
- Synchrotron Soleil, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin - BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Rachid Belkhou
- Synchrotron Soleil, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin - BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Benjamin Watts
- Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Haltebourg
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Christian Blot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Jean Daillant
- Synchrotron Soleil, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin - BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Patrick Guenoun
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Corinne Chevallard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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17
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Cassini C, Wittmeier A, Brehm G, Denz M, Burghammer M, Köster S. Large field-of-view scanning small-angle X-ray scattering of mammalian cells. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:1059-1068. [PMID: 33566016 PMCID: PMC7336178 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520006864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
X-ray imaging is a complementary method to electron and fluorescence microscopy for studying biological cells. In particular, scanning small-angle X-ray scattering provides overview images of whole cells in real space as well as local, high-resolution reciprocal space information, rendering it suitable to investigate subcellular nanostructures in unsliced cells. One persisting challenge in cell studies is achieving high throughput in reasonable times. To this end, a fast scanning mode is used to image hundreds of cells in a single scan. A way of dealing with the vast amount of data thus collected is suggested, including a segmentation procedure and three complementary kinds of analysis, i.e. characterization of the cell population as a whole, of single cells and of different parts of the same cell. The results show that short exposure times, which enable faster scans and reduce radiation damage, still yield information in agreement with longer exposure times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cassini
- Institute for X-ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence ‘Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells (MBExC)’, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrew Wittmeier
- Institute for X-ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerrit Brehm
- Institute for X-ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence ‘Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells (MBExC)’, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Manuela Denz
- Institute for X-ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Burghammer
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Sarah Köster
- Institute for X-ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence ‘Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells (MBExC)’, University of Göttingen, Germany
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18
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An FTIR Microspectroscopy Ratiometric Approach for Monitoring X-ray Irradiation Effects on SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10082974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ability of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in analyzing cells at a molecular level was exploited for investigating the biochemical changes induced in protein, nucleic acid, lipid, and carbohydrate content of cells after irradiation by graded X-ray doses. Infrared spectra from in vitro SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells following exposure to X-rays (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 Gy) were analyzed using a ratiometric approach by evaluating the ratios between the absorbance of significant peaks. The spectroscopic investigation was performed on cells fixed immediately (t0 cells) and 24 h (t24 cells) after irradiation to study both the initial radiation-induced damage and the effect of the ensuing cellular repair processes. The analysis of infrared spectra allowed us to detect changes in proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids attributable to X-ray exposure. The ratiometric analysis was able to quantify changes for the protein, lipid, and DNA components and to suggest the occurrence of apoptosis processes. The ratiometric study of Amide I band indicated also that the secondary structure of proteins was significantly modified. The comparison between the results from t0 and t24 cells indicated the occurrence of cellular recovery processes. The adopted approach can provide a very direct way to monitor changes for specific cellular components and can represent a valuable tool for developing innovative strategies to monitor cancer radiotherapy outcome.
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19
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Guerriero G, Stokes I, Valle N, Hausman JF, Exley C. Visualising Silicon in Plants: Histochemistry, Silica Sculptures and Elemental Imaging. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041066. [PMID: 32344677 PMCID: PMC7225990 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicon is a non-essential element for plants and is available in biota as silicic acid. Its presence has been associated with a general improvement of plant vigour and response to exogenous stresses. Plants accumulate silicon in their tissues as amorphous silica and cell walls are preferential sites. While several papers have been published on the mitigatory effects that silicon has on plants under stress, there has been less research on imaging silicon in plant tissues. Imaging offers important complementary results to molecular data, since it provides spatial information. Herein, the focus is on histochemistry coupled to optical microscopy, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy of microwave acid extracted plant silica, techniques based on particle-induced X-ray emission, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and mass spectrometry imaging (NanoSIMS). Sample preparation procedures will not be discussed in detail, as several reviews have already treated this subject extensively. We focus instead on the information that each technique provides by offering, for each imaging approach, examples from both silicifiers (giant horsetail and rice) and non-accumulators (Cannabis sativa L.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, rue Bommel, Z.A.E. Robert Steichen, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg;
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (C.E.); Tel.: +352-2758885096 (G.G.); +44-1782-734080 (C.E.)
| | - Ian Stokes
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffordshire, UK;
| | - Nathalie Valle
- Material Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg;
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, rue Bommel, Z.A.E. Robert Steichen, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg;
| | - Christopher Exley
- The Birchall Centre, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffordshire, UK;
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (C.E.); Tel.: +352-2758885096 (G.G.); +44-1782-734080 (C.E.)
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20
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Brun F, Di Trapani V, Batey D, Cipiccia S, Rau C. Edge-subtraction X-ray ptychographic imaging with pink beam synchrotron radiation and a single photon-counting detector. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6526. [PMID: 32300125 PMCID: PMC7162849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present here a new method of performing X-ray edge-subtraction ptychographic imaging by combining multiple harmonics from an undulator synchtrotron source and an energy discriminating photon counting detector. Conventionally, monochromatic far-field X-ray ptychography is used to perform edge subtraction through the use of multiple monochromatic energy scans to obtain spectral information for a variety of applications. Here, we use directly the undulator spectrum from a synchrotron source, selecting two separate harmonics post sample using the Pixirad-1/Pixie-III detector. The result is two monochromatic images, above and below an absorption edge of interest. The proposed method is applied to obtain Au L-edge subtraction imaging of a Au-Ni grid test sample. The Au L-edge subtraction is particularly relevant for the identification of gold nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Switching the energy scan mechanism from a mechanical monochromator to an electronic detector threshold allows for faster spectral data collection with improved stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Brun
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy. .,National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN) - Trieste division, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Di Trapani
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN) - Pisa division, Pisa, Italy
| | - Darren Batey
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Silvia Cipiccia
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Christoph Rau
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
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21
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Förste F, Mantouvalou I, Kanngießer B, Stosnach H, Lachner LAM, Fischer K, Krause K. Selective mineral transport barriers at Cuscuta-host infection sites. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:934-947. [PMID: 31605394 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The uptake of inorganic nutrients by rootless parasitic plants, which depend on host connections for all nutrient supplies, is largely uncharted. Using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), we analyzed the element composition of macro- and micronutrients at infection sites of the parasitic angiosperm Cuscuta reflexa growing on hosts of the genus Pelargonium. Imaging methods combining XRF with 2-D or 3-D (confocal) microscopy show that most of the measured elements are present at similar concentrations in the parasite compared to the host. However, calcium and strontium levels drop pronouncedly at the host/parasite interface, and manganese appears to accumulate in the host tissue surrounding the interface. Chlorine is present in the haustorium at similar levels as in the host tissue but is decreased in the stem of the parasite. Thus, our observations indicate a restricted uptake of calcium, strontium, manganese and chlorine by the parasite. Xylem-mobile dyes, which can probe for xylem connectivity between host and parasite, provided evidence for an interspecies xylem flow, which in theory would be expected to carry all of the elements indiscriminately. We thus conclude that inorganic nutrient uptake by the parasite Cuscuta is regulated by specific selective barriers whose existence has evaded detection until now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Förste
- Institute for Optics and Atomic Physics, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, 10623, Germany
| | - Ioanna Mantouvalou
- Institute for Optics and Atomic Physics, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, 10623, Germany
| | - Birgit Kanngießer
- Institute for Optics and Atomic Physics, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, 10623, Germany
| | | | - Lena Anna-Maria Lachner
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, The Arctic University of Norway UiT, Tromsø, 9019, Norway
| | - Karsten Fischer
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, The Arctic University of Norway UiT, Tromsø, 9019, Norway
| | - Kirsten Krause
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, The Arctic University of Norway UiT, Tromsø, 9019, Norway
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22
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Jones MWM, Kopittke PM, Casey L, Reinhardt J, Blamey FPC, van der Ent A. Assessing radiation dose limits for X-ray fluorescence microscopy analysis of plant specimens. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 125:599-610. [PMID: 31777920 PMCID: PMC7102987 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) is a powerful technique to elucidate the distribution of elements within plants. However, accumulated radiation exposure during analysis can lead to structural damage and experimental artefacts including elemental redistribution. To date, acceptable dose limits have not been systematically established for hydrated plant specimens. METHODS Here we systematically explore acceptable dose rate limits for investigating fresh sunflower (Helianthus annuus) leaf and root samples and investigate the time-dose damage in leaves attached to live plants. KEY RESULTS We find that dose limits in fresh roots and leaves are comparatively low (4.1 kGy), based on localized disintegration of structures and element-specific redistribution. In contrast, frozen-hydrated samples did not incur any apparent damage even at doses as high as 587 kGy. Furthermore, we find that for living plants subjected to XFM measurement in vivo and grown for a further 9 d before being reimaged with XFM, the leaves display elemental redistribution at doses as low as 0.9 kGy and they continue to develop bleaching and necrosis in the days after exposure. CONCLUSIONS The suggested radiation dose limits for studies using XFM to examine plants are important for the increasing number of plant scientists undertaking multidimensional measurements such as tomography and repeated imaging using XFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W M Jones
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - Peter M Kopittke
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Lachlan Casey
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | | | - F Pax C Blamey
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
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23
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Weinhardt V, Chen JH, Ekman AA, Guo J, Remesh SG, Hammel M, McDermott G, Chao W, Oh S, Le Gros MA, Larabell CA. Switchable resolution in soft x-ray tomography of single cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227601. [PMID: 31978064 PMCID: PMC6980406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of living cells, in both size and internal complexity, calls for imaging methods with adaptable spatial resolution. Soft x-ray tomography (SXT) is a three-dimensional imaging technique ideally suited to visualizing and quantifying the internal organization of single cells of varying sizes in a near-native state. The achievable resolution of the soft x-ray microscope is largely determined by the objective lens, but switching between objectives is extremely time-consuming and typically undertaken only during microscope maintenance procedures. Since the resolution of the optic is inversely proportional to the depth of focus, an optic capable of imaging the thickest cells is routinely selected. This unnecessarily limits the achievable resolution in smaller cells and eliminates the ability to obtain high-resolution images of regions of interest in larger cells. Here, we describe developments to overcome this shortfall and allow selection of microscope optics best suited to the specimen characteristics and data requirements. We demonstrate that switchable objective capability advances the flexibility of SXT to enable imaging cells ranging in size from bacteria to yeast and mammalian cells without physically modifying the microscope, and we demonstrate the use of this technology to image the same specimen with both optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venera Weinhardt
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jian-Hua Chen
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Axel A. Ekman
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jessica Guo
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Soumya G. Remesh
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Michal Hammel
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Gerry McDermott
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Weilun Chao
- Center for X-ray Optics, Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Sharon Oh
- Center for X-ray Optics, Material Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Le Gros
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Carolyn A. Larabell
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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24
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Rumancev C, Gräfenstein A, Vöpel T, Stuhr S, von Gundlach AR, Senkbeil T, Garrevoet J, Jolmes L, König B, Falkenberg G, Ebbinghaus S, Schroeder WH, Rosenhahn A. X-ray fluorescence analysis of metal distributions in cryogenic biological samples using large-acceptance-angle SDD detection and continuous scanning at the Hard X-ray Micro/Nano-Probe beamline P06 at PETRA III. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:60-66. [PMID: 31868737 PMCID: PMC6927521 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519014048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new Rococo 2 X-ray fluorescence detector was implemented into the cryogenic sample environment at the Hard X-ray Micro/Nano-Probe beamline P06 at PETRA III, DESY, Hamburg, Germany. A four sensor-field cloverleaf design is optimized for the investigation of planar samples and operates in a backscattering geometry resulting in a large solid angle of up to 1.1 steradian. The detector, coupled with the Xspress 3 pulse processor, enables measurements at high count rates of up to 106 counts per second per sensor. The measured energy resolution of ∼129 eV (Mn Kα at 10000 counts s-1) is only minimally impaired at the highest count rates. The resulting high detection sensitivity allows for an accurate determination of trace element distributions such as in thin frozen hydrated biological specimens. First proof-of-principle measurements using continuous-movement 2D scans of frozen hydrated HeLa cells as a model system are reported to demonstrate the potential of the new detection system.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Rumancev
- Analytical Chemistry – Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - A. Gräfenstein
- Analytical Chemistry – Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T. Vöpel
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - S. Stuhr
- Analytical Chemistry – Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - A. R. von Gundlach
- Analytical Chemistry – Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T. Senkbeil
- Analytical Chemistry – Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - J. Garrevoet
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg, Germany
| | - L. Jolmes
- Analytical Chemistry – Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - B. König
- Analytical Chemistry – Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - G. Falkenberg
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Ebbinghaus
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - W. H. Schroeder
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg, Germany
- Nanotech Consulting, Arnoldsweilerstrasse 10, 52382 Niederzier, Germany
| | - A. Rosenhahn
- Analytical Chemistry – Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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25
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Späth A. Additive Nano-Lithography with Focused Soft X-rays: Basics, Challenges, and Opportunities. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E834. [PMID: 31801198 PMCID: PMC6953100 DOI: 10.3390/mi10120834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Focused soft X-ray beam induced deposition (FXBID) is a novel technique for direct-write nanofabrication of metallic nanostructures from metal organic precursor gases. It combines the established concepts of focused electron beam induced processing (FEBIP) and X-ray lithography (XRL). The present setup is based on a scanning transmission X-ray microscope (STXM) equipped with a gas flow cell to provide metal organic precursor molecules towards the intended deposition zone. Fundamentals of X-ray microscopy instrumentation and X-ray radiation chemistry relevant for FXBID development are presented in a comprehensive form. Recently published proof-of-concept studies on initial experiments on FXBID nanolithography are reviewed for an overview on current progress and proposed advances of nanofabrication performance. Potential applications and advantages of FXBID are discussed with respect to competing electron/ion based techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Späth
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Physical Chemistry II, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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26
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Melo LGA, Hitchcock AP. Electron beam damage of perfluorosulfonic acid studied by soft X-ray spectromicroscopy. Micron 2019; 121:8-20. [PMID: 30875488 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) was used to study chemical changes to perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) spun cast thin films as a function of dose imparted by exposure of a 200 kV electron beam in a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The relationship between electron beam fluence and absorbed dose was calibrated using a modified version of a protocol based on the positive to negative lithography transition in PMMA [Leontowich et al, J. Synchrotron Rad. 19 (2012) 976]. STXM was used to characterize and quantify the chemical changes caused by electron irradiation of PFSA under several different conditions. The critical dose for CF2-CF2 amorphization was used to explore the effects of the sample environment on electron beam damage. Use of a silicon nitride substrate was found to increase the CF2-CF2 amorphization critical dose by ∼x2 from that for free-standing PFSA films. Freestanding PFSA and PMMA films were damaged by 200 kV electrons at ∼100 K and then the damage was measured by STXM at 300 K (RT). The lithography cross-over dose for PMMA was found to be ∼2x higher when the PMMA thin film was electron irradiated at 120 K rather than at 300 K. The critical dose for CF2-CF2 amorphization in PFSA irradiated at 120 K followed by warming and delayed measurement by STXM at 300 K was found to be ∼2x larger than at 300 K. To place these results in the context of the use of electron microscopy to study PFSA ionomer in fuel cell systems, an exposure of 300 e-/nm2 at 300 K (which corresponds to an absorbed dose of ∼20 MGy) amorphizes ∼10% of the CF2-CF2 bonds in PFSA. At this dose level, the spatial resolution for TEM imaging of PFSA is limited to 3.5 nm by radiation damage, if one is using a direct electron detector with DQE = 1. This work recommends caution about 2D and 3D morphological information of PFSA materials based on TEM studies which use fluences higher than 300 e-/nm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lis G A Melo
- Dept. Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S4M1, Canada.
| | - Adam P Hitchcock
- Dept. Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S4M1, Canada
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27
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Lühl L, Andrianov K, Dierks H, Haidl A, Dehlinger A, Heine M, Heeren J, Nisius T, Wilhein T, Kanngießer B. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy with efficient X-ray fluorescence detection (STXM-XRF) for biomedical applications in the soft and tender energy range. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:430-438. [PMID: 30855252 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518016879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy, especially in combination with X-ray fluorescence detection (STXM-XRF) in the soft X-ray energy range, is becoming an increasingly important tool for life sciences. Using X-ray fluorescence detection, the study of biochemical mechanisms becomes accessible. As biological matrices generally have a low fluorescence yield and thus a low fluorescence signal, high detector efficiency (e.g. large solid angle) is indispensable for avoiding long measurement times and radiation damage. Here, the new AnImaX STXM-XRF microscope equipped with a large solid angle of detection enabling fast scans and the first proof-of-principle measurements on biomedical samples are described. In addition, characterization measurements for future quantitative elemental imaging are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Lühl
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Konstantin Andrianov
- Institute for X-Optics, University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Joseph-Rovan-Allee 2, Remagen 53424, Germany
| | - Hanna Dierks
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Andreas Haidl
- Institute for X-Optics, University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Joseph-Rovan-Allee 2, Remagen 53424, Germany
| | - Aurelie Dehlinger
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Markus Heine
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, UKE Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Jörg Heeren
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, UKE Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Thomas Nisius
- Institute for X-Optics, University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Joseph-Rovan-Allee 2, Remagen 53424, Germany
| | - Thomas Wilhein
- Institute for X-Optics, University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Joseph-Rovan-Allee 2, Remagen 53424, Germany
| | - Birgit Kanngießer
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, Berlin 10623, Germany
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28
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Nischik ES, Krieger J. Evaluation of standard imaging techniques and volumetric preservation of nervous tissue in genetically identical offspring of the crayfish Procambarus fallax cf. virginalis (Marmorkrebs). PeerJ 2018; 6:e5181. [PMID: 30018856 PMCID: PMC6044273 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the field of comparative neuroanatomy, a meaningful interspecific comparison demands quantitative data referring to method-specific artifacts. For evaluating the potential of state-of-the-art imaging techniques in arthropod neuroanatomy, micro-computed X-ray microscopy (μCT) and two different approaches using confocal laser-scanning microscopy (cLSM) were applied to obtain volumetric data of the brain and selected neuropils in Procambarus fallax forma virginalis (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Decapoda). The marbled crayfish P. fallax cf. virginalis features a parthogenetic reproduction generating genetically identical offspring from unfertilized eggs. Therefore, the studied organism provides ideal conditions for the comparative analysis of neuroanatomical imaging techniques and the effect of preceding sample preparations of nervous tissue. We found that wet scanning of whole animals conducted with μCT turned out to be the least disruptive method. However, in an additional experiment it was discovered that fixation in Bouin’s solution, required for μCT scans, resulted in an average tissue shrinkage of 24% compared to freshly dissected and unfixed brains. The complete sample preparation using fixation in half-strength Karnovsky’s solution of dissected brains led to an additional volume decrease of 12.5%, whereas the preparation using zinc-formaldehyde as fixative resulted in a shrinkage of 5% in comparison to the volumes obtained by μCT. By minimizing individual variability, at least for aquatic arthropods, this pioneer study aims for the inference of method-based conversion factors in the future, providing a valuable tool for reducing quantitative neuroanatomical data already published to a common denominator. However, volumetric deviations could be shown for all experimental protocols due to methodological noise and/or phenotypic plasticity among genetically identical individuals. MicroCT using undried tissue is an appropriate non-disruptive technique for allometry of arthropod brains since spatial organ relationships are conserved and tissue shrinkage is minimized. Collecting tissue-based shrinkage factors according to specific sample preparations might allow a better comparability of volumetric data from the literature, even if another technique was applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel S Nischik
- Zoological Institute and Museum, Cytology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jakob Krieger
- Zoological Institute and Museum, Cytology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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29
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Bedolla DE, Mantuano A, Pickler A, Mota CL, Braz D, Salata C, Almeida CE, Birarda G, Vaccari L, Barroso RC, Gianoncelli A. Effects of soft X-ray radiation damage on paraffin-embedded rat tissues supported on ultralene: a chemical perspective. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:848-856. [PMID: 29714196 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518003235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Radiation damage is an important aspect to be considered when analysing biological samples with X-ray techniques as it can induce chemical and structural changes in the specimens. This work aims to provide new insights into the soft X-ray induced radiation damage of the complete sample, including not only the biological tissue itself but also the substrate and embedding medium, and the tissue fixation procedure. Sample preparation and handling involves an unavoidable interaction with the sample matrix and could play an important role in the radiation-damage mechanism. To understand the influence of sample preparation and handling on radiation damage, the effects of soft X-ray exposure at different doses on ultralene, paraffin and on paraffin-embedded rat tissues were studied using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy and X-ray microscopy. Tissues were preserved with three different commonly used fixatives: formalin, glutaraldehyde and Karnovsky. FTIR results showed that ultralene and paraffin undergo a dose-dependent degradation of their vibrational profiles, consistent with radiation-induced oxidative damage. In addition, formalin fixative has been shown to improve the preservation of the secondary structure of proteins in tissues compared with both glutaraldehyde and Karnovsky fixation. However, conclusive considerations cannot be drawn on the optimal fixation protocol because of the interference introduced by both substrate and embedding medium in the spectral regions specific to tissue lipids, nucleic acids and carbohydrates. Notably, despite the detected alterations affecting the chemical architecture of the sample as a whole, composed of tissue, substrate and embedding medium, the structural morphology of the tissues at the micrometre scale is essentially preserved even at the highest exposure dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana E Bedolla
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, SS 14, km 163,5, Basovizza, Trieste, TS 34149, Italy
| | - Andrea Mantuano
- Physics Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier 524 PJLF sala 3007F, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Arissa Pickler
- COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Horácio Macedo 2030, Bloco G - Sala 206 - CT, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-594, Brazil
| | - Carla Lemos Mota
- Radiological Sciences Laboratory, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier 524 PHLC Sala 136, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Delson Braz
- COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Horácio Macedo 2030, Bloco G - Sala 206 - CT, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-594, Brazil
| | - Camila Salata
- Medical Physics Department, Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear, Rua General Severiano 90, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290-901, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Almeida
- Radiological Sciences Laboratory, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier 524 PHLC Sala 136, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Birarda
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, SS 14, km 163,5, Basovizza, Trieste, TS 34149, Italy
| | - Lisa Vaccari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, SS 14, km 163,5, Basovizza, Trieste, TS 34149, Italy
| | - Regina Cély Barroso
- Physics Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier 524 PJLF sala 3007F, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-900, Brazil
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30
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Doncel-Pérez E, Ellis G, Sandt C, Shuttleworth PS, Bastida A, Revuelta J, García-Junceda E, Fernández-Mayoralas A, Garrido L. Biochemical profiling of rat embryonic stem cells grown on electrospun polyester fibers using synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:3649-3660. [PMID: 29671028 PMCID: PMC5956007 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1049-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic options for spinal cord injuries are severely limited; current treatments only offer symptomatic relief and rehabilitation focused on educating the individual on how to adapt to their new situation to make best possible use of their remaining function. Thus, new approaches are needed, and interest in the development of effective strategies to promote the repair of neural tracts in the central nervous system inspired us to prepare functional and highly anisotropic polymer scaffolds. In this work, an initial assessment of the behavior of rat neural progenitor cells (NPCs) seeded on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) fiber scaffolds using synchrotron-based infrared microspectroscopy (SIRMS) is described. Combined with a modified touch imprint cytology sample preparation method, this application of SIRMS enabled the biochemical profiles of NPCs on the coated polymer fibers to be determined. The results showed that changes in the lipid and amide I–II spectral regions are modulated by the type and coating of the substrate used and the culture time. SIRMS studies can provide valuable insight into the early-stage response of NPCs to the morphology and surface chemistry of a biomaterial, and could therefore be a useful tool in the preparation and optimization of cellular scaffolds. Synchrotron IR microspectroscopy can provide insight into the response of neural progenitor cells to synthetic scaffolds ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Doncel-Pérez
- Grupo de Química Neuro-Regenerativa, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha (SESCAM), 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Gary Ellis
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christophe Sandt
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP 48, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Peter S Shuttleworth
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agatha Bastida
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Revuelta
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Junceda
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Fernández-Mayoralas
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leoncio Garrido
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
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31
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Study of SH-SY5Y Cancer Cell Response to Treatment with Polyphenol Extracts Using FT-IR Spectroscopy. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2017; 7:bios7040057. [PMID: 29189759 PMCID: PMC5746780 DOI: 10.3390/bios7040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Plant polyphenols are important components of human diet and a number of them are considered to possess chemo-preventive and therapeutic properties against cancer. They are recognized as naturally occurring antioxidants, but also as pro-oxidant, pro-apoptotic, or chromosomal aberrations inducers, depending on their concentration and/or the stage of cell-cycle of the cells with which they interact. For these reasons, particular interest is devoted to knowing the total effects of polyphenols on the cell cycle and metabolism. Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy thanks to its ability in analyzing cells at a molecular level can be particularly useful in investigating the biochemical changes induced in protein, nucleic acid, lipid, and carbohydrate content of cells by means of polyphenols administration. Spectroscopic analysis was performed on in vitro human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells that were exposed to different doses of a cherry derived polyphenol extract. The infrared spectra that were obtained from unexposed and exposed cells show significant differences that can be helpful in order to understand the cells-polyphenols interaction.
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32
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Stuckey JW, Yang J, Wang J, Sparks DL. Advances in Scanning Transmission X-Ray Microscopy for Elucidating Soil Biogeochemical Processes at the Submicron Scale. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2017; 46:1166-1174. [PMID: 29293846 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2016.10.0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic matter, minerals, and microorganisms are spatially associated in complex organo-mineral assemblages within soils. A mechanistic understanding of processes occurring within organo-mineral assemblages requires noninvasive techniques that minimize any disturbance to the physical and chemical integrity of the sample. Synchrotron-based soft (50-2200 eV) X-ray spectromicroscopic techniques, including scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM), transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM), X-ray photoemission electron microscopy (X-PEEM), and scanning photoelectron microscopy (SPEM), coupled with microspectroscopy (e.g., near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure; NEXAFS) allow for determining the spatial association and speciation of most elements found in soils while maintaining sample integrity. This review highlights application of the four spectromicroscopic techniques mentioned above to soil biogeochemical research, with particular emphasis on STXM-NEXAFS, which has contributed to the greatest set of advancements in the understanding of soil organo-mineral interactions, including mineral control on organic carbon cycling and the mechanisms of biomineral formation.
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Jones MWM, Hare DJ, James SA, de Jonge MD, McColl G. Radiation Dose Limits for Bioanalytical X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy. Anal Chem 2017; 89:12168-12175. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. M. Jones
- Australian Synchrotron, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe Intitute
of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Dominic J. Hare
- The
Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Simon A. James
- The
Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Martin D. de Jonge
- Australian Synchrotron, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Gawain McColl
- The
Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Gianoncelli A, Kourousias G, Cammisuli F, Cassese D, Rizzardi C, Radillo O, Lazzarino M, Pascolo L. Combined use of AFM and soft X-ray microscopy to reveal fibres' internalization in mesothelial cells. Analyst 2017; 142:1982-1992. [PMID: 28509933 DOI: 10.1039/c6an02661c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanotoxicology and nanomedicine investigations often require the probing of nano-objects such as fibres and particles in biological samples and cells, whilst internalization and intracellular destiny are the main issues for in vitro cellular studies. Various high resolution microscopy techniques are well suited for providing this highly sought-after information. However, sample preparation, nanomaterial composition and sectioning challenges make it often difficult to establish whether the fibres or particles have been internalized or they are simply overlaying or underlying the biological matter. In this paper we suggest a novel suitable combination of two different microscopic techniques to reveal in intact cells the uptake of asbestos fibres by mesothelial cells. After exposure to asbestos fibres and fixation, cells were first analysed under the AFM instrument and then imaged under the TwinMic soft X-ray microscope at Elettra Sincrotrone. The suggested approach combines standard soft X-ray microscopy imaging and AFM microscopy, with a common non-invasive sample preparation protocol which drastically reduces the experimental uncertainty and provides a quick and definitive answer to the nanoparticle cellular and tissue uptake.
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Meyer M, Borca CN, Huthwelker T, Bieber M, Meßlinger K, Fink RH, Späth A. µ-XRF Studies on the Colour Brilliance in Ancient Wool Carpets. SCANNING 2017; 2017:6346212. [PMID: 29109824 PMCID: PMC5662065 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6346212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many handmade ancient and recent oriental wool carpets show outstanding brilliance and persistence of colour that is not achieved by common industrial dyeing procedures. Anthropologists have suggested the influence of wool fermentation prior to dyeing as key technique to achieve the high dyeing quality. By means of μ-XRF elemental mapping of mordant metals we corroborate this view and show a deep and homogenous penetration of colourants into fermented wool fibres. Furthermore we are able to apply this technique and prove that the fermentation process for ancient specimens cannot be investigated by standard methods due to the lack of intact cuticle layers. This finding suggests a broad range of further investigations that will contribute to a deeper understanding of the development of traditional dyeing techniques. Spectroscopic studies add information on the oxidation states of the metal ions within the respective mordant-dye-complexes and suggest a partial charge transfer as basis for a significant colour change when Fe mordants are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Meyer
- Physikalische Chemie II and ICMM, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Camelia N Borca
- Swiss Light Source (SLS), Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Huthwelker
- Swiss Light Source (SLS), Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Karl Meßlinger
- Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer H Fink
- Physikalische Chemie II and ICMM, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- CENEM, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Späth
- Physikalische Chemie II and ICMM, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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36
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Pascolo L, Gianoncelli A, Rizzardi C, de Jonge M, Howard D, Paterson D, Cammisuli F, Salomé M, De Paoli P, Melato M, Canzonieri V. Focused X-Ray Histological Analyses to Reveal Asbestos Fibers and Bodies in Lungs and Pleura of Asbestos-Exposed Subjects. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2016; 22:1062-1071. [PMID: 27619825 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927616011685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Asbestos bodies are the histological hallmarks of asbestos exposure. Both conventional and advanced techniques are used to evaluate abundance and composition in histological samples. We previously reported the possibility of using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) for analyzing the chemical composition of asbestos bodies directly in lung tissue samples. Here we applied a high-performance synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (XRF) set-up that could allow new protocols for fast monitoring of the occurrence of asbestos bodies in large histological sections, improving investigation of the related chemical changes. A combination of synchrotron X-ray transmission and fluorescence microscopy techniques at different energies at three distinct synchrotrons was used to characterize asbestos in paraffinated lung tissues. The fast chemical imaging of the XFM beamline (Australian Synchrotron) demonstrates that asbestos bodies can be rapidly and efficiently identified as co-localization of high calcium and iron, the most abundant elements of these formations inside tissues (Fe up to 10% w/w; Ca up to 1%). By following iron presence, we were also able to hint at small asbestos fibers in pleural spaces. XRF at lower energy and at higher spatial resolution was afterwards performed to better define small fibers. These analyses may predispose for future protocols to be set with laboratory instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorella Pascolo
- 1Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences,University of Trieste,34149 Trieste,Italy
| | | | - Clara Rizzardi
- 1Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences,University of Trieste,34149 Trieste,Italy
| | - Martin de Jonge
- 3Australian Synchrotron,3168 Clayton,Melbourne,VIC,Australia
| | - Daryl Howard
- 3Australian Synchrotron,3168 Clayton,Melbourne,VIC,Australia
| | - David Paterson
- 3Australian Synchrotron,3168 Clayton,Melbourne,VIC,Australia
| | - Francesca Cammisuli
- 1Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences,University of Trieste,34149 Trieste,Italy
| | - Murielle Salomé
- 4European Synchrotron Radiation Facility,38000 Grenoble,Cedex 9,France
| | - Paolo De Paoli
- 5Scientific Direction,Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO),National Cancer Institute,IRCCS,33081 Aviano (PN),Italy
| | - Mauro Melato
- 6Institute for Maternal and Child Health,IRCCS Burlo Garofolo,34137 Trieste,Italy
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- 7Division of Pathology,Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO),National Cancer Institute,IRCCS,33081 Aviano (PN),Italy
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Infrared Spectroscopy as a Tool to Study the Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenolic Compounds in Isolated Rat Enterocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9245150. [PMID: 27213031 PMCID: PMC4861801 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9245150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The protective effect of different polyphenols, catechin (Cat), quercetin (Qc) (flavonoids), gallic acid (GA), caffeic acid (CfA), chlorogenic acid (ChA) (phenolic acids), and capsaicin (Cap), against H2O2-induced oxidative stress was evaluated in rat enterocytes using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) Spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy (FTIRM), and results were compared to standard lipid peroxidation techniques: conjugated dienes (CD) and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS). Analysis of ATR-FTIR and FTIRM spectral data allowed the simultaneous evaluation of the effects of H2O2 and polyphenols on lipid and protein oxidation. All polyphenols showed a protective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in enterocytes, when administered before or after H2O2. Cat and capsaicin showed the highest protective effect, while phenolic acids had weaker effects and Qc presented a mild prooxidative effect (IR spectral profile of biomolecules between control and H2O2-treated cells) according to FTIR analyses. These results demonstrated the viability to use infrared spectroscopy to evaluate the oxidant and antioxidant effect of molecules in cell systems assays.
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38
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Egorov D, Schwob L, Lalande M, Hoekstra R, Schlathölter T. Near edge X-ray absorption mass spectrometry of gas phase proteins: the influence of protein size. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:26213-26223. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05254a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The response of gas-phase proteins upon soft X-ray absorption depends strongly on the proteins size.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Egorov
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747AG Groningen
- Netherlands
| | - L. Schwob
- CIMAP
- UMR 6252 (CEA/CNRS/ENSICAEN/Université de Caen Normandie)
- Caen
- France
| | - M. Lalande
- CIMAP
- UMR 6252 (CEA/CNRS/ENSICAEN/Université de Caen Normandie)
- Caen
- France
| | - R. Hoekstra
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747AG Groningen
- Netherlands
| | - T. Schlathölter
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
- University of Groningen
- 9747AG Groningen
- Netherlands
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