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Zhou YT, An DD, Xu YX, Zhou Y, Li QQ, Dai HB, Zhang XN, Wang Y, Lou M, Chen Z, Hu WW. Activation of glutamatergic neurons in the somatosensory cortex promotes remyelination in ischemic vascular dementia. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 4:188-198. [PMID: 38933843 PMCID: PMC11197523 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion can cause progressive demyelination as well as ischemic vascular dementia, however no effective treatments are available. Here, based on magnetic resonance imaging studies of patients with white matter damage, we found that this damage is associated with disorganized cortical structure. In a mouse model, optogenetic activation of glutamatergic neurons in the somatosensory cortex significantly promoted oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) proliferation, remyelination in the corpus callosum, and recovery of cognitive ability after cerebral hypoperfusion. The therapeutic effect of such stimulation was restricted to the upper layers of the cortex, but also spanned a wide time window after ischemia. Mechanistically, enhancement of glutamatergic neuron-OPC functional synaptic connections is required to achieve the protection effect of activating cortical glutamatergic neurons. Additionally, skin stroking, an easier method to translate into clinical practice, activated the somatosensory cortex, thereby promoting OPC proliferation, remyelination and cognitive recovery following cerebral hypoperfusion. In summary, we demonstrated that activating glutamatergic neurons in the somatosensory cortex promotes the proliferation of OPCs and remyelination to recover cognitive function after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. It should be noted that this activation may provide new approaches for treating ischemic vascular dementia via the precise regulation of glutamatergic neuron-OPC circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Da-Dao An
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yi-Xin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qing-Qing Li
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hai-Bin Dai
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiang-Nan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Min Lou
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Wei-Wei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Wu YF, Sun J, Chen M, Lin Q, Jin KY, Su SH, Hai J. Combined VEGF and bFGF loaded nanofiber membrane protects against neuronal injury and hypomyelination in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111108. [PMID: 37890380 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there are no effective therapeutic targets for the treatment of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion(CCH)-induced cerebral ischemic injury. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) are discovered as the inducers of neurogenesis and angiogenesis. We previously made a nanofiber membrane (NFM), maintaining a long-term release of VEGF and bFGF up to 35 days, which might make VEGF and bFGF NFM as the potential protective agents against cerebral ischemic insult. In this study, the effects of VEGF and bFGF delivered by NFM into brain were investigated as well as their underlying mechanismsin a rat model of CCH. VEGF + bFGF NFM application increased the expressions of tight junction proteins, maintained BBB integrity, and alleviated vasogenic cerebral edema. Furthermore, VEGF + bFGF NFM sticking enhanced angiogenesis and elevated CBF. Besides, VEGF + bFGF NFM treatment inhibited neuronal apoptosis and decreased neuronal loss. Moreover, roofing of VEGF + bFGF NFM attenuated microglial activation and blocked the launch of NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β pathway. In addition, VEGF + bFGF NFM administration prevented disruption to the pre/postsynaptic membranes and loss of myelin sheath, relieving synaptic injury and demyelination. Oligodendrogenesis, neurogenesis and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were involved in the treatment of VEGF + bFGF NFM against CCH-induced neuronal injury and hypomyelination. These findings supported that VEGF + bFGF NFM application constitutes a neuroprotective strategy for the treatment of CCH, which may be worth further clinical translational research as a novel neuroprotective approach, benifiting indirect surgical revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qi Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Institutes of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Kai-Yan Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Shao-Hua Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China.
| | - Jian Hai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China.
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Lana D, Magni G, Landucci E, Wenk GL, Pellegrini-Giampietro DE, Giovannini MG. Phenomic Microglia Diversity as a Druggable Target in the Hippocampus in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13668. [PMID: 37761971 PMCID: PMC10531074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenomics, the complexity of microglia phenotypes and their related functions compels the continuous study of microglia in disease animal models to find druggable targets for neurodegenerative disorders. Activation of microglia was long considered detrimental for neuron survival, but more recently it has become apparent that the real scenario of microglia morphofunctional diversity is far more complex. In this review, we discuss the recent literature on the alterations in microglia phenomics in the hippocampus of animal models of normal brain aging, acute neuroinflammation, ischemia, and neurodegenerative disorders, such as AD. Microglia undergo phenomic changes consisting of transcriptional, functional, and morphological changes that transform them into cells with different properties and functions. The classical subdivision of microglia into M1 and M2, two different, all-or-nothing states is too simplistic, and does not correspond to the variety of phenotypes recently discovered in the brain. We will discuss the phenomic modifications of microglia focusing not only on the differences in microglia reactivity in the diverse models of neurodegenerative disorders, but also among different areas of the brain. For instance, in contiguous and highly interconnected regions of the rat hippocampus, microglia show a differential, finely regulated, and region-specific reactivity, demonstrating that microglia responses are not uniform, but vary significantly from area to area in response to insults. It is of great interest to verify whether the differences in microglia reactivity may explain the differential susceptibility of different brain areas to insults, and particularly the higher sensitivity of CA1 pyramidal neurons to inflammatory stimuli. Understanding the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of microglia phenomics in health and disease is of paramount importance to find new druggable targets for the development of novel microglia-targeted therapies in different CNS disorders. This will allow interventions in three different ways: (i) by suppressing the pro-inflammatory properties of microglia to limit the deleterious effect of their activation; (ii) by modulating microglia phenotypic change to favor anti-inflammatory properties; (iii) by influencing microglia priming early in the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Lana
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (D.E.P.-G.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Giada Magni
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, National Research Council (IFAC-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Florence, Italy;
| | - Elisa Landucci
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (D.E.P.-G.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Gary L. Wenk
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Domenico Edoardo Pellegrini-Giampietro
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (D.E.P.-G.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Maria Grazia Giovannini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (D.E.P.-G.); (M.G.G.)
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Yang Y, Zhao X, Zhu Z, Zhang L. Vascular dementia: A microglia's perspective. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101734. [PMID: 36113763 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is a second most common form of age-related dementia. It is characterized by cognitive impairment associated with vascular pathology, symptoms mainly caused by cerebral damage due to inadequate blood flow to the brain. The pathogenesis of VaD is complex, and a growing body of literature emphasizes on the involvement of microglia in disease development and progression. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of microglia in regulating neuroinflammation under the pathogenesis of VaD. The commonly used animal and cell models for understanding the disease pathogenesis were summarized. The mechanisms by which microglia contribute to VaD are multifactorial, and we specifically focus on some of the predominant functions of microglia, including chemotaxis, secretory property, phagocytosis, and its crosstalk with other neurovascular unit cells. Finally, potential therapeutic strategies targeting microglia-modulated neuroinflammation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zirui Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Lihui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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5
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Pan L, Tang WD, Wang K, Fang QF, Liu MR, Wu ZX, Wang Y, Cui SL, Hu G, Hou TJ, Hu WW, Chen Z, Zhang XN. Novel Caspase-1 inhibitor CZL80 improves neurological function in mice after progressive ischemic stroke within a long therapeutic time-window. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2817-2827. [PMID: 35501362 PMCID: PMC9622895 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00913-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive ischemic stroke (PIS) is featured by progressive neurological dysfunction after ischemia. Ischemia-evoked neuroinflammation is implicated in the progressive brain injury after cerebral ischemia, while Caspase-1, an active component of inflammasome, exaggerates ischemic brain injury. Current Caspase-1 inhibitors are inadequate in safety and druggability. Here, we investigated the efficacy of CZL80, a novel Caspase-1 inhibitor, in mice with PIS. Mice and Caspase-1-/- mice were subjected to photothrombotic (PT)-induced cerebral ischemia. CZL80 (10, 30 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.p.) was administered for one week after PT onset. The transient and the progressive neurological dysfunction (as foot faults in the grid-walking task and forelimb symmetry in the cylinder task) was assessed on Day1 and Day4-7, respectively, after PT onset. Treatment with CZL80 (30 mg/kg) during Day1-7 significantly reduced the progressive, but not the transient neurological dysfunction. Furthermore, we showed that CZL80 administered on Day4-7, when the progressive neurological dysfunction occurred, produced significant beneficial effects against PIS, suggesting an extended therapeutic time-window. CZL80 administration could improve the neurological function even as late as Day43 after PT. In Caspase-1-/- mice with PIS, the beneficial effects of CZL80 were abolished. We found that Caspase-1 was upregulated during Day4-7 after PT and predominantly located in activated microglia, which was coincided with the progressive neurological deficits, and attenuated by CZL80. We showed that CZL80 administration did not reduce the infarct volume, but significantly suppressed microglia activation in the peri-infarct cortex, suggesting the involvement of microglial inflammasome in the pathology of PIS. Taken together, this study demonstrates that Caspase-1 is required for the progressive neurological dysfunction in PIS. CZL80 is a promising drug to promote the neurological recovery in PIS by inhibiting Caspase-1 within a long therapeutic time-window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Pan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei-Dong Tang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qi-Feng Fang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Meng-Ru Liu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhan-Xun Wu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Sun-Liang Cui
- Department of Pharmachemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ting-Jun Hou
- Department of Pharmachemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei-Wei Hu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Xiang-Nan Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Wang Z, Zhang Y, Feng W, Pang Y, Chen S, Ding S, Chen Y, Sheng C, Marshall C, Shi J, Xiao M. Miconazole Promotes Cooperative Ability of a Mouse Model of Alzheimer Disease. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 25:951-967. [PMID: 36112386 PMCID: PMC9670758 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cooperative defect is 1 of the earliest manifestations of disease patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) exhibit, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. METHODS We evaluated the cooperative function of APP/PS1 transgenic AD model mice at ages 2, 5, and 8 months by using a cooperative drinking task. We examined neuropathologic changes in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Another experiment was designed to observe whether miconazole, which has a repairing effect on myelin sheath, could promote the cooperative ability of APP/PS1 mice in the early AD-like stage. We also investigated the protective effects of miconazole on cultured mouse cortical oligodendrocytes exposed to human amyloid β peptide (Aβ1-42). RESULTS We observed an age-dependent impairment of cooperative water drinking behavior in APP/PS1 mice. The AD mice with cooperative dysfunction showed decreases in myelin sheath thickness, oligodendrocyte nuclear heterochromatin percentage, and myelin basic protein expression levels in the mPFC. The cooperative ability was significantly improved in APP/PS1 mice treated with miconazole. Miconazole treatment increased oligodendrocyte maturation and myelin sheath thickness without reducing Aβ plaque deposition, reactive gliosis, and inflammatory factor levels in the mPFC. Miconazole also protected cultured oligodendrocytes from the toxicity of Aβ1-42. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that mPFC hypomyelination is involved in the cooperative deficits of APP/PS1 mice. Improving myelination through miconazole therapy may offer a potential therapeutic approach for early intervention in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Weixi Feng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Brain Institute, the Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingting Pang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Brain Institute, the Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sijia Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Brain Institute, the Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shixin Ding
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Brain Institute, the Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Brain Institute, the Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengyu Sheng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Charles Marshall
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Kentucky Center of Excellence in Rural Health, Hazard, USA
| | - Jingping Shi
- Brain Institute, the Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Xiao
- Correspondence: Ming Xiao, MD, PhD, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, No. 101 Longmian Ave, Nanjing 211166, China ()
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Yu M, Zheng X, Cheng F, Shao B, Zhuge Q, Jin K. Metformin, Rapamycin, or Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Pretreatment Attenuate Cognitive Impairment After Cerebral Hypoperfusion by Inhibiting Microglial Phagocytosis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:903565. [PMID: 35769369 PMCID: PMC9234123 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.903565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is the second leading form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD) plaguing the elder population. Despite the enormous prevalence of VCI, the biological basis of this disease has been much less well-studied than that of AD, with no specific therapy currently existing to prevent or treat VCI. As VCI mainly occurs in the elderly, the role of anti-aging drugs including metformin, rapamycin, and nicotinamide mono nucleotide (NMN), and the underlying mechanism remain uncertain. Here, we examined the role of metformin, rapamycin, and NMN in cognitive function, white matter integrity, microglial response, and phagocytosis in a rat model of VCI by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). BCCAO-induced chronic cerebral hypoperfusion could cause spatial working memory deficits and white matter lesions (WMLs), along with increasing microglial activation and phagocytosis compared to sham-operated rats. We found the cognitive impairment was significantly improved in BCCAO rats pretreated with these three drugs for 14 days before BCCAO compared with the vehicle group by the analysis of the Morris water maze and new object recognition tests. Pretreatment of metformin, rapamycin, or NMN also increased myelin basic protein (MBP, a marker for myelin) expression and reduced SMI32 (a marker for demyelinated axons) intensity and SMI32/MBP ratio compared with the vehicle group, suggesting that these drugs could ameliorate BCCAO-induced WMLs. The findings were confirmed by Luxol fast blue (LFB) stain, which is designed for staining myelin/myelinated axons. We further found that pretreatment of metformin, rapamycin, or NMN reduced microglial activation and the number of M1 microglia, but increased the number of M2 microglia compared to the vehicle group. Importantly, the number of MBP+/Iba1+/CD68+ microglia was significantly reduced in the BCCAO rats pretreated with these three drugs compared with the vehicle group, suggesting that these drugs suppress microglial phagocytosis. No significant difference was found between the groups pretreated with metformin, rapamycin, or NMN. Our data suggest that metformin, rapamycin, or NMN could protect or attenuate cognitive impairment and WMLs by modifying microglial polarization and inhibiting phagocytosis. The findings may open a new avenue for VCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangyu Cheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bei Shao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qichuan Zhuge
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Qichuan Zhuge
| | - Kunlin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- Kunlin Jin
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Silva NCBS, Bracko O, Nelson AR, de Oliveira FF, Robison LS, Shaaban CE, Hainsworth AH, Price BR. Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia: An early career researcher perspective. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 14:e12310. [PMID: 35496373 PMCID: PMC9043906 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The field of vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is evolving rapidly. Research in VCID encompasses topics aiming to understand, prevent, and treat the detrimental effects of vascular disease burden in the human brain. In this perspective piece, early career researchers (ECRs) in the field provide an overview of VCID, discuss past and present efforts, and highlight priorities for future research. We emphasize the following critical points as the field progresses: (a) consolidate existing neuroimaging and fluid biomarkers, and establish their utility for pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions; (b) develop new biomarkers, and new non-clinical models that better recapitulate vascular pathologies; (c) amplify access to emerging biomarker and imaging techniques; (d) validate findings from previous investigations in diverse populations, including those at higher risk of cognitive impairment (e.g., Black, Hispanic, and Indigenous populations); and (e) conduct randomized controlled trials within diverse populations with well-characterized vascular pathologies emphasizing clinically meaningful outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nárlon C. Boa Sorte Silva
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain HealthDepartment of Physical TherapyFaculty of MedicineThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Oliver Bracko
- Department of BiologyThe University of MiamiCoral GablesFloridaUSA
| | - Amy R. Nelson
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyUniversity of South AlabamaMobileAlabamaUSA
| | | | - Lisa S. Robison
- Department of Psychology and NeuroscienceNova Southeastern UniversityFort LauderdaleFloridaUSA
| | | | - Atticus H. Hainsworth
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research InstituteSt George's University of London, UKDepartment of NeurologySt George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust LondonLondonUK
| | - Brittani R. Price
- Department of NeuroscienceTufts University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
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9
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Sharifi MD, Karimi N, Karami M, Borhani Haghighi A, Shabani M, Bayat M. The Minocycline Ameliorated the Synaptic Plasticity Impairment in Vascular Dementia. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 20:435-449. [PMID: 35194458 PMCID: PMC8842628 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.113942.14576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) leads to vascular dementia with progressive hippocampal damage and cognitive impairments. In the present study, we compared early and late Minocycline (MINO) treatment on cognitive function, long and short-term synaptic-plasticity following CCH. We used bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion model (2VO) for induction of hypoperfusion. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 following groups (each having 2 subgroups): 2VO + V (vehicle), 2VO+MINO-E (early treatment of MINO on days 0 to 3 after 2VO), 2VO+MINO-L (late-treatment on days 21 to 32 after 2VO), control, and sham. Passive-avoidance (PA) and radial arm maze (RAM) tests were used to investigate learning and memory. Long term and short term synaptic plasticity were assessed by field potential recording, the brains were removed after recording and preserved for histological study to count pyramidal cells in CA1 region.Cerebral hypoperfusion could impair memory performance, synaptic plasticity, and basal synaptic transmission (BST) along with hippocampal cell loss. Thus, we found a significant reduction in step-through latency (STL) of PA test with a higher number of working and reference errors in RAM in CCH rats. However, only late treatment with MINO improved memory performance, synaptic plasticity, hippocampal cell loss, and increased neurotransmitter pool (NP) in CCH rats, but early treatment could not produce long-lasting beneficial effects 32 days after 2VO. MINO may improve synaptic plasticity and memory performance in hypo-perfused rats directly and indirectly by increasing NP and/or suppressing inflammatory factors, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Davood Sharifi
- Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Narges Karimi
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karami
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Shabani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Bayat
- Clinical Neurology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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10
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Ma Y, Zhou Z, Yang GY, Ding J, Wang X. The Effect of Erythropoietin and Its Derivatives on Ischemic Stroke Therapy: A Comprehensive Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:743926. [PMID: 35250554 PMCID: PMC8892214 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.743926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies explored the therapeutic effects of erythropoietin (EPO) on neurodegenerative diseases. Few studies provided comprehensive and latest knowledge of EPO treatment for ischemic stroke. In the present review, we introduced the structure, expression, function of EPO, and its receptors in the central nervous system. Furthermore, we comprehensively discussed EPO treatment in pre-clinical studies, clinical trials, and its therapeutic mechanisms including suppressing inflammation. Finally, advanced studies of the therapy of EPO derivatives in ischemic stroke were also discussed. We wish to provide valuable information on EPO and EPO derivatives’ treatment for ischemic stroke for basic researchers and clinicians to accelerate the process of their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guo-Yuan Yang, ; Jing Ding,
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guo-Yuan Yang, ; Jing Ding,
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Jiang L, Cheng L, Chen H, Dai H, An D, Ma Q, Zheng Y, Zhang X, Hu W, Chen Z. Histamine H2 receptor negatively regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic white matter injury. J Exp Med 2021; 218:152128. [PMID: 32991666 PMCID: PMC7527977 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) with the pathological characteristic of white matter injury often leads to lifelong cognitive and neurobehavioral dysfunction, but relevant therapies to promote remyelination are still unavailable. We found that histamine H2 receptor (H2R) negatively regulated the oligodendrocyte differentiation rate without affecting the oligodendrocytes at the oligodendrocyte precursor cell stage or mature stage following oxygen-glucose deprivation in vitro. Notably, selective deletion of the H2R gene (Hrh2) in differentiating oligodendrocytes (Hrh2fl/fl;CNPase-Cre) improved their differentiation, remyelination, and functional recovery following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia in mice. The regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation by H2R is mediated by binding with Axin2, which leads to up-regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, H2R antagonists also promoted oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination and the recovery of cognition and motor functions following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. Thus, histamine H2R in oligodendrocytes could serve as a novel and effective therapeutic target for the retard of oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. The H2R antagonists may have potential therapeutic value for neonatal HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haibin Dai
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dadao An
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianyi Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanrong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangnan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Youssef MI, Ma J, Chen Z, Hu WW. Potential therapeutic agents for ischemic white matter damage. Neurochem Int 2021; 149:105116. [PMID: 34229025 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic white matter damage (WMD) is increasingly being considered as one of the major causes of neurological disorders in older adults and preterm infants. The functional consequences of WMD triggers a progressive cognitive decline and dementia particularly in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. Despite the major stride made in the pathogenesis mechanisms of ischemic WMD in the last century, effective medications are still not available. So, there is an urgent need to explore a promising approach to slow the progression or modify its pathological course. In this review, we discussed the animal models, the pathological mechanisms and the potential therapeutic agents for ischemic WMD. The development in the studies of anti-oxidants, free radical scavengers, anti-inflammatory or anti-apoptotic agents and neurotrophic factors in ischemic WMD were summarized. The agents which either alleviate oligodendrocyte damage or promote its proliferation or differentiation may have potential value for the treatment of ischemic WMD. Moreover, drugs with multifaceted protective activities or a wide therapeutic window may be optimal for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud I Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, PR China.
| | - Wei-Wei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China.
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13
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Ma J, Wang R, Chen T, Jiang S, Xu A. Protective effects of baicalin in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of Parkinson's disease. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:409-417. [PMID: 34141154 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system. However, the pathogenetic mechanisms of PD are far from understood. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of baicalin in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of PD. C. elegans worms were stimulated for 24 h with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 50 mM) and treated with or without baicalin (1, 10, or 100 μM). At all tested concentrations, baicalin improved the reversal and omega turn behavioral phenotypes, as well as the survival, of 6-OHDA-stimulated worms. It also inhibited 6-OHDA-induced oxidative stress by decreasing malondialdehyde levels, increasing superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, catalase, and glutathione levels and up-regulating mRNA expression of the antioxidant-related genes sod-1, sod-2, sod-3, daf-2, and daf-16. Additionally, it significantly decreased the expression of the apoptosis-related gene ced-3 and increased that of the anti-apoptosis-related gene ced-9. The expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma 2 in 6-OHDA-treated worms were reversed by baicalin. Apoptosis was suppressed by 6-OHDA in loss-of-function strains via the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Furthermore, the apoptotic effects of 6-OHDA were blocked in sek-1 and pmk-1 mutants. Finally, the mRNA expression of sek-1 and pmk-1 and the protein expression of p38 MAPK and stress-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 were up-regulated by 6-OHDA and reversed by baicalin. Baicalin may protect against 6-OHDA injury by inhibiting apoptosis and decreasing oxidative stress through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Ranran Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Shaowei Jiang
- Emergency Department, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Ajing Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
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14
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Lipopolysaccharide exposure induces oxidative damage in Caenorhabditis elegans: protective effects of carnosine. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 21:85. [PMID: 33272314 PMCID: PMC7713333 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-020-00455-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of carnosine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced injury in Caenorhabditis elegans. Methods C. elegans individuals were stimulated for 24 h with LPS (100 μg/mL), with or without carnosine (0.1, 1, 10 mM). The survival rates and behaviors were determined. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase (CAT) and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were determined using the respective kits. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to validate the differential expression of sod-1, sod-2, sod-3, daf-16, ced-3, ced-9, sek-1, and pmk-1. Western blotting was used to determine the levels of SEK1, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), cleaved caspase3, and Bcl-2. C. elegans sek-1 (km2) mutants and pmk-1 (km25) mutants were used to elucidate the role of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Results Carnosine improved the survival of LPS-treated C. elegans and rescued behavioral phenotypes. It also restrained oxidative stress by decreasing MDA levels and increasing SOD, GR, CAT, and GSH levels. RT-PCR results showed that carnosine treatment of wild-type C. elegans up-regulated the mRNA expression of the antioxidant-related genes sod-1, sod-2, sod-3, and daf-16. The expression of the anti-apoptosis-related gene ced-9 and apoptosis-related gene ced-3 was reversed by carnosine. In addition, carnosine treatment significantly decreased cleaved caspase3 levels and increased Bcl-2 levels in LPS-treated C. elegans. Apoptosis in the loss-of-function strains of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway was suppressed under LPS stress; however, the apoptotic effects of LPS were blocked in the sek-1 and pmk-1 mutants. The expression levels of sek-1 and pmk-1 mRNAs were up-regulated by LPS and reversed by carnosine. Finally, the expression of p-p38MAPK and SEK1 was significantly increased by LPS, which was reversed by carnosine. Conclusion Carnosine treatment protected against LPS injury by decreasing oxidative stress and inhibiting apoptosis through the p38 MAPK pathway.
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15
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Lana D, Ugolini F, Giovannini MG. An Overview on the Differential Interplay Among Neurons-Astrocytes-Microglia in CA1 and CA3 Hippocampus in Hypoxia/Ischemia. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:585833. [PMID: 33262692 PMCID: PMC7686560 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.585833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons have been long regarded as the basic functional cells of the brain, whereas astrocytes and microglia have been regarded only as elements of support. However, proper intercommunication among neurons-astrocytes-microglia is of fundamental importance for the functional organization of the brain. Perturbation in the regulation of brain energy metabolism not only in neurons but also in astrocytes and microglia may be one of the pathophysiological mechanisms of neurodegeneration, especially in hypoxia/ischemia. Glial activation has long been considered detrimental for survival of neurons, but recently it appears that glial responses to an insult are not equal but vary in different brain areas. In this review, we first take into consideration the modifications of the vascular unit of the glymphatic system and glial metabolism in hypoxic conditions. Using the method of triple-labeling fluorescent immunohistochemistry coupled with confocal microscopy (TIC), we recently studied the interplay among neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in chronic brain hypoperfusion. We evaluated the quantitative and morpho-functional alterations of the neuron-astrocyte-microglia triads comparing the hippocampal CA1 area, more vulnerable to ischemia, to the CA3 area, less vulnerable. In these contiguous and interconnected areas, in the same experimental hypoxic conditions, astrocytes and microglia show differential, finely regulated, region-specific reactivities. In both areas, astrocytes and microglia form triad clusters with apoptotic, degenerating neurons. In the neuron-astrocyte-microglia triads, the cell body of a damaged neuron is infiltrated and bisected by branches of astrocyte that create a microscar around it while a microglial cell phagocytoses the damaged neuron. These coordinated actions are consistent with the scavenging and protective activities of microglia. In hypoxia, the neuron-astrocyte-microglia triads are more numerous in CA3 than in CA1, further indicating their protective effects. These data, taken from contiguous and interconnected hippocampal areas, demonstrate that glial response to the same hypoxic insult is not equal but varies significantly. Understanding the differences of glial reactivity is of great interest to explain the differential susceptibility of hippocampal areas to hypoxia/ischemia. Further studies may evidence the differential reactivity of glia in different brain areas, explaining the higher or lower sensitivity of these areas to different insults and whether glia may represent a target for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Lana
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Filippo Ugolini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Anatomopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria G Giovannini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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16
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Cawthon CR, Kirkland RA, Pandya S, Brinson NA, de La Serre CB. Non-neuronal crosstalk promotes an inflammatory response in nodose ganglia cultures after exposure to byproducts from gram positive, high-fat-diet-associated gut bacteria. Physiol Behav 2020; 226:113124. [PMID: 32763334 PMCID: PMC7530053 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vagal afferent neurons (VAN) projecting to the lamina propria of the digestive tract are the primary source of gut-originating signals to the central nervous system (CNS). VAN cell bodies are found in the nodose ganglia (NG). Responsiveness of VAN to gut-originating signals is altered by feeding status with sensitivity to satiety signals such as cholecystokinin (CCK) increasing in the fed state. Chronic high-fat (HF) feeding results in inflammation at the level of the NG associated with a loss of VAN ability to switch phenotype from the fasted to the fed state. HF feeding also leads to compositional changes in the gut microbiota. HF diet consumption notably drives increased Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes phyla ratio and increased members of the Actinobacteria phylum. Firmicutes and Actinobacteria are largely gram positive (GP). In this study, we aimed to determine if byproducts from GP bacteria can induce an inflammatory response in cultured NG and to characterize the mechanism and cell types involved in the response. NG were collected from male Wistar rats and cultured for a total of 72 hours. At 48-68 hours after plating, cultures were treated with neuronal culture media in which Serinicoccus chungangensis had been grown and removed (SUP), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), or meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP). Some treatments included the glial inhibitors minocycline (MINO) and/or fluorocitrate (FC). The responses were evaluated using immunocytochemistry, qPCR, and electrochemiluminescence. We found that SUP induced an inflammatory response characterized by increased interleukin (IL)-6 staining and increased expression of genes for IL-6, interferon (IFN)γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α along with genes associated with cell-to-cell communication such as C-C motif chemokine ligand-2 (CCL2). Inclusion of inhibitors attenuated some responses but failed to completely normalize all indications of response, highlighting the role of immunocompetent cellular crosstalk in regulating the inflammatory response. LTA and meso-DAP produced responses that shared characteristics with SUP but were not identical. Our results support a role for HF associated GP bacterial byproducts' ability to contribute to vagal inflammation and to engage signaling from nonneuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina R Cawthon
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia30602, United States
| | - Rebecca A Kirkland
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia30602, United States
| | - Shreya Pandya
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia30602, United States
| | - Nigel A Brinson
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia30602, United States
| | - Claire B de La Serre
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia30602, United States.
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17
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Kerkhofs D, van Hagen BT, Milanova IV, Schell KJ, van Essen H, Wijnands E, Goossens P, Blankesteijn WM, Unger T, Prickaerts J, Biessen EA, van Oostenbrugge RJ, Foulquier S. Pharmacological depletion of microglia and perivascular macrophages prevents Vascular Cognitive Impairment in Ang II-induced hypertension. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:9512-9527. [PMID: 32863942 PMCID: PMC7449902 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cerebral small vessel disease, the most prevalent cause of vascular cognitive impairment. As we have shown, hypertension induced by a prolonged Angiotensin II infusion is associated with increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), chronic activation of microglia and myelin loss. In this study we therefore aim to determine the contribution of microglia to hypertension-induced cognitive impairment in an experimental hypertension model by a pharmacological depletion approach. Methods: For this study, adult Cx3Cr1gfp/wtxThy1yfp/0 reporter mice were infused for 12 weeks with Angiotensin II or saline and subgroups were treated with PLX5622, a highly selective CSF1R tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured via tail-cuff. Short- and long-term spatial memory was assessed during an Object Location task and a Morris Water Maze task (MWM). Microglia depletion efficacy was assessed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. BBB leakages, microglia phenotype and myelin integrity were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results: SBP, heart weight and carotid pulsatility were increased by Ang II and were not affected by PLX5622. Short-term memory was significantly impaired in Ang II hypertensive mice, and partly prevented in Ang II mice treated with PLX5622. Histological and flow cytometry analysis revealed almost complete ablation of microglia and a 60% depletion of brain resident perivascular macrophages upon CSF1R inhibition. Number and size of BBB leakages were increased in Ang II hypertensive mice, but not altered by PLX5622 treatment. Microglia acquired a pro-inflammatory phenotype at the site of BBB leakages in both Saline and Ang II mice and were successfully depleted by PLX5622. There was however no significant change in myelin integrity at the site of leakages. Conclusion: Our results show that depletion of microglia and PVMs, by CSF1R inhibition prevents short-term memory impairment in Ang II induced hypertensive mice. We suggest this beneficial effect is mediated by the major decrease of pro-inflammatory microglia within BBB leakages. This novel finding supports the critical role of brain immune cells in the pathogenesis of hypertension-related cognitive impairment. An adequate modulation of microglia /PVM density and phenotype may constitute a relevant approach to prevent and/or limit the progression of vascular cognitive impairment.
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18
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O'Reilly ML, Tom VJ. Neuroimmune System as a Driving Force for Plasticity Following CNS Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:187. [PMID: 32792908 PMCID: PMC7390932 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Following an injury to the central nervous system (CNS), spontaneous plasticity is observed throughout the neuraxis and affects multiple key circuits. Much of this spontaneous plasticity can elicit beneficial and deleterious functional outcomes, depending on the context of plasticity and circuit affected. Injury-induced activation of the neuroimmune system has been proposed to be a major factor in driving this plasticity, as neuroimmune and inflammatory factors have been shown to influence cellular, synaptic, structural, and anatomical plasticity. Here, we will review the mechanisms through which the neuroimmune system mediates plasticity after CNS injury. Understanding the role of specific neuroimmune factors in driving adaptive and maladaptive plasticity may offer valuable therapeutic insight into how to promote adaptive plasticity and/or diminish maladaptive plasticity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela L O'Reilly
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Veronica J Tom
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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19
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Youssef MI, Zhou Y, Eissa IH, Wang Y, Zhang J, Jiang L, Hu W, Qi J, Chen Z. Tetradecyl 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate alleviates oligodendrocyte damage following chronic cerebral hypoperfusion through IGF-1 receptor. Neurochem Int 2020; 138:104749. [PMID: 32387468 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is no effective therapy for chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD), which displays cognitive deficits and progressive white matter damage. Tetradecyl 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate (ABG-001) is a lead compound derived from gentisides with neuritogenic activity. In this report, we intended to investigate the effect of ABG-001 on the SIVD experimental model through right unilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (rUCCAO) in mice. We found that ABG-001 remarkably alleviated white matter damage and cognitive deficits after cerebral hypoperfusion induced by rUCCAO. The protection of ABG-001 on the white matter was related to an amelioration of the oligodendrocyte apoptosis and demyelination rather than promoting remyelination. Molecular docking study showed that ABG-001 possesses a high affinity for insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), but not for tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA). The protection of ABG-001 against oligodendrocyte damage was abrogated by IGF-1R antagonist or knockdown of IGF-1R through shRNA, but not TrkA antagonist. Moreover, ABG-001 did not induce hematological, renal or hepatic toxicity after chronic treatment. The present study indicates that ABG-001 protects oligodendrocytes through IGF-1R to relieve demyelination following chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, which could be represented as an encouraging treatment for SIVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud I Youssef
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Yiting Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, East Qingchun Road 3, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, PR China
| | - Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, East Qingchun Road 3, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, PR China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China.
| | - Jianhua Qi
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China.
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20
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Kim MS, Bang J, Jeon WK. The Involvement of Canonical Wnt Signaling in Memory Impairment Induced by Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion in Mice. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 11:734-746. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00748-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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21
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Du B, Li H, Zheng H, Fan C, Liang M, Lian Y, Wei Z, Zhang Y, Bi X. Minocycline Ameliorates Depressive-Like Behavior and Demyelination Induced by Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia by Inhibiting Microglial Activation. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1247. [PMID: 31695615 PMCID: PMC6817504 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Global cerebral ischemia (GCI) commonly occurs in the elderly. Subcortical white matter lesions and oligodendrocyte (OLG) loss caused by cerebral ischemia have been implicated in the development of post-ischemic depression and cognitive impairment. OLGs are necessary for axonal myelination; the disrupted differentiation of OLG progenitor cells (OPCs) is associated with impaired remyelination. Evidence has indicated that increased levels of inflammatory cytokines released from activated microglia induce depression-like behaviors by affecting neurotransmitter pathways, but the mechanisms remain elusive. We explored the potential mechanisms that link microglia activation with GCI-induced depression and cognitive dysfunction by studying effects of minocycline on white matter damage, cytokine levels, and the monoaminergic neurotransmitters. An acute GCI animal model was generated through bilateral common carotid artery occlusion to induce ischemic inflammation and subcortical white matter damage. Minocycline, an inhibitor of microglia activation, was intraperitoneally administrated immediately after surgery and continued daily for additional six days. Minocycline shortened the immobile duration in tail suspension test and forced swimming test, while no improvement was found in Morris water maze test. The plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, HMGB1, and netrin-1 were significantly reduced with the treatment of minocycline. Minocycline treatment substantially reversed demyelination in corpus callosum and hippocampus, alleviated hippocampal microglia activation, and promoted OPCs maturation, while no effect was found on hippocampal neurodegeneration. Besides, the content of dopamine (DA) in the hippocampus was upregulated by minocycline treatment after GCI. Collectively, our data demonstrated that minocycline exerts an anti-depressant effect by inhibiting microglia activation, promoting OPCs maturation and remyelination. Increased DA in hippocampus may also play a role in ameliorating depressive behavior with minocycline treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingying Du
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiwen Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cunxiu Fan
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Liang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjie Lian
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zelan Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Xiaoying Bi
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Yang H, Gao XJ, Li YJ, Su JB, E TZ, Zhang X, Ni W, Gu YX. Minocycline reduces intracerebral hemorrhage-induced white matter injury in piglets. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:1195-1206. [PMID: 31556245 PMCID: PMC6776747 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims White matter (WM) injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) results in poor or even fatal outcomes. As an anti‐inflammatory drug, minocycline has been considered a promising choice to treat brain injury after ICH. However, whether minocycline can reduce WM injury after ICH is still controversial. In the present study, we investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of minocycline on WM injury after ICH. Methods An ICH model was induced by an injection of autologous blood into the right frontal lobe of piglets. First, transcriptional analysis was performed at day 1 or 3 to investigate the dynamic changes in neuroinflammatory gene expression in WM after ICH. Second, ICH piglets were treated either with minocycline or with vehicle alone. All piglets then underwent magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain swelling. Brain tissue was used for real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and electron microscopy. Results Transcriptional analysis demonstrated that transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β)/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling is associated with microglia/macrophage‐mediated inflammation activation after ICH and is then involved in WM injury after ICH in piglets. Minocycline treatment results in less ICH‐induced brain swelling, fewer neurological deficits, and less WM injury in comparison with the vehicle alone. In addition, minocycline reduces microglial activation and alleviates demyelination in white matter after ICH. Finally, we found that minocycline attenuates WM injury by increasing the expression of TGF‐β and suppressing MAPK activation after ICH. Conclusion These results indicate that TGF‐β–mediated MAPK signaling contributes to WM injury after ICH, which can be altered by minocycline treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Jie Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Bin Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong-Zhou E
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Li W, Wei D, Liang J, Xie X, Song K, Huang L. Comprehensive Evaluation of White Matter Damage and Neuron Death and Whole-Transcriptome Analysis of Rats With Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:310. [PMID: 31379504 PMCID: PMC6653095 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is induced by chronic deficit of brain perfusion, contributes to a persistent or progressive cognitive dysfunction, which is characterized by diverse neuropathological manifestations. There are currently no effective medications available. White matter damage (WMD) and cortical neuron death may be caused by CCH, which are related to cognitive impairment, while the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the study, a database of the transcriptome level was built to determine potential biomarkers in cortex of CCH. Methods CCH was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by permanent occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham-operated group (n = 24), the 4th and 8th week of CCH groups (total = 56, n = 28 for each group). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Morris water maze task. WMD and neuron damage were detected using diffusion tensor imaging and histological analysis, respectively. Western blotting analysis of various markers was used to examine neuronal death. Whole-transcriptome microarray was performed to assess mRNA, circRNA, and lncRNA expression profiles at 4th and 8th weeks after CCH. Diversified bioinformatic tools were performed to analyze and predict the key biological processes and signaling pathways of differentially expressed RNAs and co-expressed potential target genes. Co-expression networks of mRNA–circRNA–miRNA and lncRNA–mRNA were constructed. Results Compared to the sham group, cognitive impairment, disintegration of white matter, blood-brain barrier damage and neuron death were induced by CCH. Neuron death including apoptosis and necroptosis might occur in the cortex of CCH. We constructed the regulatory networks of whole-transcriptomic including differentially expressed mRNAs, circRNAs, and lncRNAs, and related biological functions and pathways involved in neurological disease, cell death and survival, energy and metabolism, et al. Our results also indicated that Cyr61 mRNA may play a role in the CCH-related cortical neuronal death. Conclusion WMD and cortical neuronal death are worthy of attention in the pathogenesis of CCH. Additionally, the present results provide potential evidence at the whole-transcription level for CCH, offering candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Di Wei
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianye Liang
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangping Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li'an Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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The Prophylactic and Therapeutic Effects of Fermented Cordyceps sinensis Powder, Cs-C-Q80, on Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Dementia in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2018:4362715. [PMID: 30662512 PMCID: PMC6312590 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4362715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Corbrin Capsule, a preparation of Cordyceps sinensis analogue, is a pleiotropic traditional Chinese patent medicine with the main component of fermentative cordyceps fungus powder (Cs-C-Q80). The neuroprotective effects of Cs-C-Q80, as a substitution of Cordyceps sinensis, have not been fully identified. The objectives of this study were to explore the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of Cs-C-Q80 in vascular dementia mice model. The efficacy of Cs-C-Q80 was investigated in a molecular level as well. The subcortical ischemic vascular dementia was modelled by permanent right unilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (rUCCAO) in adult male mice. The animals were randomly divided and treated by gavage with vehicle (1% CMC-Na solution) (rUCCAO model) or Cs-C-Q80 powder at 0.2 g/kg or 1.0 g/kg, respectively. Preventive treatment was administrated by gavage daily for 7 days before rUCCAO, while therapeutic treatment was administrated continuously from 28 days after rUCCAO. Object recognition test and Morris water maze test were performed to evaluate the learning and working memory. The luxol fast blue stain (Kluver-Barrera method) and immunohistochemistry for myelin basic protein (MBP) were employed to determine the severity of white matter damage. Both preventive and therapeutic treatment with Cs-C-Q80 protected against the rUCCAO-induced memory impair in mice as determined by object recognition and Morris water maze tests. The histopathological analyses revealed significant white matter rarefaction and reduction of MBP expression in corpus callosum after rUCCAO, which could be counteracted by either preventive or therapeutic treatment with Cs-C-Q80. Moreover, the Cs-C-Q80 treatments inhibited rUCCAO-induced astrocytes activation and the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β expression, indicating the anti-inflammatory roles of Cs-C-Q80 against subcortical ischemia. Cs-C-Q80 is a potential preparation for the prophylaxis and treatment of subcortical ischemic vascular dementia. The underlying pharmacological efficacy might be associated with suppression of myelin degeneration, glia activation, and inflammatory cytokines release.
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25
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Crocker CE, Tibbo PG. Corrigendum: Confused Connections? Targeting White Matter to Address Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1417. [PMID: 30555331 PMCID: PMC6289118 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Candice E Crocker
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Philip G Tibbo
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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26
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Wang Y, Hu Z, Ju P, Yin S, Wang F, Pan O, Chen J. Viral vectors as a novel tool for clinical and neuropsychiatric research applications. Gen Psychiatr 2018; 31:e000015. [PMID: 30582128 PMCID: PMC6234968 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2018-000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A viral vector is a genetically modified vector produced by genetic engineering. As pathogenic genes in the virus are completely or largely eliminated, it is safe to be widely used in multidisciplinary research fields for expressing genes, such as neuroscience, metabolism, oncology and so on. Neuroscience and psychiatry are the most closely related disciplines in either basic research or clinical research, but the application of viral vectors in neuropsychiatry has not received much attention or not been widely accepted. Objective This article will focus on the application of viral vectors in basic and clinical neuropsychiatric research. Methods By using viral vectors, scientists can perform neurological labelling, gene expression regulation and physiological manipulation for investigating phenomenon from molecular mechanisms to behaviours. At the same time, to treat mental or neurological disorders, viral vectors can be designed for gene therapy, which alter gene expression levels or repair mutated genes in the brains of patients. Perspective Viral vectors play an important role in basic research and clinical applications. To further understand brain function and prevent mental and neurological diseases, we hypothesize that viral vectors could be used along with various advanced technologies, such as sequencing and high-throughput expression analysis in the neuroscience research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Research and development department, OBiO Technology (Shanghai) Corp., Ltd., Shanghai, China.,Marketing department, OBiO Technology (Shanghai) Corp., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Hu
- Marketing department, OBiO Technology (Shanghai) Corp., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Peijun Ju
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Yin
- Research and development department, OBiO Technology (Shanghai) Corp., Ltd., Shanghai, China.,Marketing department, OBiO Technology (Shanghai) Corp., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Fujie Wang
- Research and development department, OBiO Technology (Shanghai) Corp., Ltd., Shanghai, China.,Marketing department, OBiO Technology (Shanghai) Corp., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Oudong Pan
- Marketing department, OBiO Technology (Shanghai) Corp., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghong Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
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27
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Crocker CE, Tibbo PG. Confused Connections? Targeting White Matter to Address Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1172. [PMID: 30405407 PMCID: PMC6201564 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite development of comprehensive approaches to treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders and improve outcomes, there remains a proportion (approximately one-third) of patients who are treatment resistant and will not have remission of psychotic symptoms despite adequate trials of pharmacotherapy. This level of treatment response is stable across all stages of the spectrum of psychotic disorders, including early phase psychosis and chronic schizophrenia. Our current pharmacotherapies are beneficial in decreasing positive symptomology in most cases, however, with little to no impact on negative or cognitive symptoms. Not all individuals with treatment resistant psychosis unfortunately, even benefit from the potential pharmacological reductions in positive symptoms. The existing pharmacotherapy for psychosis is targeted at neurotransmitter receptors. The current first and second generation antipsychotic medications all act on dopamine type 2 receptors with the second generation drugs also interacting significantly with serotonin type 1 and 2 receptors, and with varying pharmacodynamic profiles overall. This focus on developing dopaminergic/serotonergic antipsychotics, while beneficial, has not reduced the proportion of patients experiencing treatment resistance to date. Another pharmacological approach is imperative to address treatment resistance both for response overall and for negative symptoms in particular. There is research suggesting that changes in white matter integrity occur in schizophrenia and these may be more associated with cognition and even negative symptomology. Here we review the evidence that white matter abnormalities in the brain may be contributing to the symptomology of psychotic disorders. Additionally, we propose that white matter may be a viable pharmacological target for pharmacoresistant schizophrenia and discuss current treatments in development for schizophrenia that target white matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice E Crocker
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Philip G Tibbo
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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28
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Sun J, Zhou H, Bai F, Zhang Z, Ren Q. Remyelination: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Alzheimer's Disease? J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 58:597-612. [PMID: 28453483 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myelin is a lipid-rich multilamellar membrane that wraps around long segments of neuronal axons and it increases the conduction of action potentials, transports the necessary trophic support to the neuronal axons, and reduces the energy consumed by the neuronal axons. Together with axons, myelin is a prerequisite for the higher functions of the central nervous system and complex forms of network integration. Myelin impairments have been suggested to lead to neuronal dysfunction and cognitive decline. Accumulating evidence, including brain imaging and postmortem and genetic association studies, has implicated myelin impairments in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Increasing data link myelin impairments with amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau hyperphosphorylation, which are both present in patients with AD. Moreover, aging and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) may be involved in the myelin impairments observed in patients with AD. Decreased neuronal activity, increased Aβ levels, and inflammation further damage myelin in patients with AD. Furthermore, treatments that promote myelination contribute to the recovery of neuronal function and improve cognition. Therefore, strategies targeting myelin impairment may provide therapeutic opportunities for patients with AD.
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29
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Fu Y, Yan Y. Emerging Role of Immunity in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:67. [PMID: 29422904 PMCID: PMC5788893 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is one of the main causes of vascular dementia in older individuals. Apart from risk containment, efforts to prevent or treat CSVD are ineffective due to the unknown pathogenesis of the disease. CSVD, a subtype of stroke, is characterized by recurrent strokes and neurodegeneration. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment, chronic inflammatory responses, and leukocyte infiltration are classical pathological features of CSVD. Understanding how BBB disruption instigates inflammatory and degenerative processes may be informative for CSVD therapy. Antigens derived from the brain are found in the peripheral blood of lacunar stroke patients, and antibodies and sensitized T cells against brain antigens are also detected in patients with leukoaraiosis. These findings suggest that antigen-specific immune responses could occur in CSVD. This review describes the neurovascular unit features of CSVD, the immune responses to specific neuronal and glial processes that may be involved in a distinct mechanism of CSVD, and the current evidence of the association between mechanisms of inflammation and interventions in CSVD. We suggest that autoimmune activity should be assessed in future studies; this knowledge would benefit the development of effective therapeutic interventions in CSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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30
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Hase Y, Horsburgh K, Ihara M, Kalaria RN. White matter degeneration in vascular and other ageing-related dementias. J Neurochem 2018; 144:617-633. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Hase
- Neurovascular Research Group; Institute of Neuroscience; Newcastle University; Newcastle Upon Tyne UK
| | - Karen Horsburgh
- Centre for Neuroregeneration; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Neurology; National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center; Suita Osaka Japan
| | - Raj N. Kalaria
- Neurovascular Research Group; Institute of Neuroscience; Newcastle University; Newcastle Upon Tyne UK
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31
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Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion: a key mechanism leading to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Closing the translational gap between rodent models and human vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2451-2468. [PMID: 28963120 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that vascular risk factors contribute to neurodegeneration, cognitive impairment and dementia. While there is considerable overlap between features of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), it appears that cerebral hypoperfusion is the common underlying pathophysiological mechanism which is a major contributor to cognitive decline and degenerative processes leading to dementia. Sustained cerebral hypoperfusion is suggested to be the cause of white matter attenuation, a key feature common to both AD and dementia associated with cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). White matter changes increase the risk for stroke, dementia and disability. A major gap has been the lack of mechanistic insights into the evolution and progress of VCID. However, this gap is closing with the recent refinement of rodent models which replicate chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. In this review, we discuss the relevance and advantages of these models in elucidating the pathogenesis of VCID and explore the interplay between hypoperfusion and the deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) protein, as it relates to AD. We use examples of our recent investigations to illustrate the utility of the model in preclinical testing of candidate drugs and lifestyle factors. We propose that the use of such models is necessary for tackling the urgently needed translational gap from preclinical models to clinical treatments.
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32
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Venkat P, Shen Y, Chopp M, Chen J. Cell-based and pharmacological neurorestorative therapies for ischemic stroke. Neuropharmacology 2017; 134:310-322. [PMID: 28867364 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke remains one of most common causes of death and disability worldwide. Stroke triggers a cascade of events leading to rapid neuronal damage and death. Neuroprotective agents that showed promise in preclinical experiments have failed to translate to the clinic. Even after decades of research, tPA remains the only FDA approved drug for stroke treatment. However, tPA is effective when administered 3-4.5 h after stroke onset and the vast majority of stroke patients do not receive tPA therapy. Therefore, there is a pressing need for novel therapies for ischemic stroke. Since stroke induces rapid cell damage and death, neuroprotective strategies that aim to salvage or replace injured brain tissue are challenged by treatment time frames. To overcome the barriers of neuroprotective therapies, there is an increasing focus on neurorestorative therapies for stroke. In this review article, we provide an update on neurorestorative treatments for stroke using cell therapy such as bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs), human umbilical cord blood cells (HUCBCs) and select pharmacological approaches including Minocycline and Candesartan that have been employed in clinical trials. This review article discusses the present understanding of mechanisms of neurorestorative therapies and summarizes ongoing clinical trials. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Cerebral Ischemia'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Venkat
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Gerontology Institute, Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Jieli Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Gerontology Institute, Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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Manso Y, Holland PR, Kitamura A, Szymkowiak S, Duncombe J, Hennessy E, Searcy JL, Marangoni M, Randall AD, Brown JT, McColl BW, Horsburgh K. Minocycline reduces microgliosis and improves subcortical white matter function in a model of cerebral vascular disease. Glia 2017; 66:34-46. [PMID: 28722234 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is a key mechanism associated with white matter disruption in cerebral vascular disease and dementia. In a mouse model relevant to studying cerebral vascular disease, we have previously shown that cerebral hypoperfusion disrupts axon-glial integrity and the distribution of key paranodal and internodal proteins in subcortical myelinated axons. This disruption of myelinated axons is accompanied by increased microglia and cognitive decline. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether hypoperfusion impairs the functional integrity of white matter, its relation with axon-glial integrity and microglial number, and whether by targeting microglia these effects can be improved. We show that in response to increasing durations of hypoperfusion, the conduction velocity of myelinated fibres in the corpus callosum is progressively reduced and that paranodal and internodal axon-glial integrity is disrupted. The number of microglial cells increases in response to hypoperfusion and correlates with disrupted paranodal and internodal integrity and reduced conduction velocities. Further minocycline, a proposed anti-inflammatory and microglia inhibitor, restores white matter function related to a reduction in the number of microglia. The study suggests that microglial activation contributes to the structural and functional alterations of myelinated axons induced by cerebral hypoperfusion and that dampening microglia numbers/proliferation should be further investigated as potential therapeutic benefit in cerebral vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina Manso
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Philip R Holland
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Akihiro Kitamura
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Szymkowiak
- University of Edinburgh, The Roslin Institute, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG
| | - Jessica Duncombe
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Edel Hennessy
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - James L Searcy
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Martina Marangoni
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Randall
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Jon T Brown
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Barry W McColl
- University of Edinburgh, The Roslin Institute, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG.,UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Karen Horsburgh
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
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34
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Yang T, Sun Y, Lu Z, Leak RK, Zhang F. The impact of cerebrovascular aging on vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 34:15-29. [PMID: 27693240 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As human life expectancy rises, the aged population will increase. Aging is accompanied by changes in tissue structure, often resulting in functional decline. For example, aging within blood vessels contributes to a decrease in blood flow to important organs, potentially leading to organ atrophy and loss of function. In the central nervous system, cerebral vascular aging can lead to loss of the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, eventually resulting in cognitive and sensorimotor decline. One of the major of types of cognitive dysfunction due to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). In spite of recent progress in clinical and experimental VCID research, our understanding of vascular contributions to the pathogenesis of VCID is still very limited. In this review, we summarize recent findings on VCID, with a focus on vascular age-related pathologies and their contribution to the development of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Yang
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Key Lab of Cerebral Microcirculation in Universities of Shandong, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China.
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35
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Zhou Y, Zhang J, Wang L, Chen Y, Wan Y, He Y, Jiang L, Ma J, Liao R, Zhang X, Shi L, Qin Z, Zhou Y, Chen Z, Hu W. Interleukin-1β impedes oligodendrocyte progenitor cell recruitment and white matter repair following chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 60:93-105. [PMID: 27663285 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion exhibits progressive white matter and cognitive impairments. However, its pathogenetic mechanisms are poorly understood. We investigated the role of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and its receptor IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1) in an experimental SIVD model generated via right unilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (rUCCAO) in mice. We found that IL-1β expression was elevated in the corpus callosum at the early stages after rUCCAO. IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), when delivered at an early stage, as well as IL-1R1 knockout, rescued the downregulation of myelin basic protein (MBP) and improved remyelination at the later stage after rUCCAO. Our data suggest that the recruitment of OPCs, but not the proliferation or differentiation of OPCs, is the only compromised step of remyelination following chronic cerebral ischemia. IL-1Ra treatment and IL-1R1 knockout had no effect on the oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) proliferation, but did promote the recruitment of newly generated OPCs to the corpus callosum, which can be reversed by compensatory expression of IL-1R1 in the SVZ of IL-1R1 knockout mice. Further, we found that recruited OPCs contribute to oligodendrocyte regeneration and functional recovery. In transwell assays, IL-1β inhibited OPC migration through IL-1R1. Moreover, KdPT which can enter the brain to block IL-1R1 also showed comparable protection when intraperitoneally delivered. Our results suggest that IL-1β during the early stages following chronic cerebral hypoperfusion impedes OPC recruitment via IL-1R1, which inhibits white matter repair and functional recovery. IL-1R1 inhibitors may have potential uses in the treatment of SIVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, PR China
| | - Yushan Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Rujia Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Xiangnan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Liyun Shi
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, PR China
| | - Zhenghong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Soochow University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yudong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China.
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China.
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36
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Ma J, Bo SH, Lu XT, Xu AJ, Zhang J. Protective effects of carnosine on white matter damage induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1438-1444. [PMID: 27857746 PMCID: PMC5090845 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.191217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosine is a dipeptide that scavenges free radicals, inhibits inflammation in the central nervous system, and protects against ischemic and hypoxic brain damage through its anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic actions. Therefore, we hypothesized that carnosine would also protect against white matter damage caused by subcortical ischemic injury. White matter damage was induced by right unilateral common carotid artery occlusion in mice. The animals were treated with 200, 500 or 750 mg/kg carnosine by intraperitoneal injection 30 minutes before injury and every other day after injury. Then, 37 days later, Klüver-Barrera staining, toluidine blue staining and immunofluorescence staining were performed. Carnosine (200, 500 mg/kg) substantially reduced damage to the white matter in the corpus callosum, internal capsule and optic tract, and it rescued expression of myelin basic protein, and alleviated the loss of oligodendrocytes. However, carnosine at the higher dose of 750 mg/kg did not have the same effects as the 200 and 500 mg/kg doses. These findings show that carnosine, at a particular dose range, protects against white matter damage caused by chronic cerebral ischemia in mice, likely by reducing oligodendroglial cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Hong Bo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - A-Jing Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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37
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Neuroprotective Effects of Clostridium butyricum against Vascular Dementia in Mice via Metabolic Butyrate. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:412946. [PMID: 26523278 PMCID: PMC4615854 DOI: 10.1155/2015/412946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics actively participate in neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the role of gut microbiota in brain disorders and vascular dementia (VaD) remains unclear. We used a mouse model of VaD induced by a permanent right unilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (rUCCAO) to investigate the neuroprotective effects and possible underlying mechanisms of Clostridium butyricum. Following rUCCAO, C. butyricum was intragastrically administered for 6 successive weeks. Cognitive function was estimated. Morphological examination was performed by electron microscopy and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. The BDNF-PI3K/Akt pathway-related proteins were assessed by western blot and immunohistochemistry. The diversity of gut microbiota and the levels of butyrate in the feces and the brains were determined. The results showed that C. butyricum significantly attenuated the cognitive dysfunction and histopathological changes in VaD mice. C. butyricum not only increased the levels of BDNF and Bcl-2 and decreased level of Bax but also induced Akt phosphorylation (p-Akt) and ultimately reduced neuronal apoptosis. Moreover, C. butyricum could regulate the gut microbiota and restore the butyrate content in the feces and the brains. These results suggest that C. butyricum might be effective in the treatment of VaD by regulating the gut-brain axis and that it can be considered a new therapeutic strategy against VaD.
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