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Gu YX, Chen LS, Nie L. Determination of 11 Kinds of Hair Dyes in Hair-Dyeing Products by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2023:bmad071. [PMID: 37635398 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Eleven kinds of hair dyes were determined in hair-dyeing products by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (MS). The samples were extracted with ultrasound in methanol for 20 min. After centrifugation, the supernatant was diluted with 10% methanol/90% water (v/v). Then, the solution was analyzed by Shim-pack Scepter C18-120 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.9 μm) plus electrospray ionization-MS/MS. Matrix-matched standard solutions were used to analyze the samples. The limits of detection were from 0.15 to 10 mg/kg, the limits of quantification were from 0.5 to 40 mg/kg and the recovery was from 79.4 to 109.2%. The protocol was selective and accurate and was satisfyingly applied to analyze hair dyes in different kinds of commercial products. 1-Hydroxyethyl-4,5-diaminopyrazole sulfate, hydroxyethyl-p-phenylenediamine sulfate, 2-methyl-5-hydroxyethylaminophenol, 5-amino-6-chloro-o-cresol, 3-nitro-p-hydroxyethylaminophenol and 2-amino-6-chloro-4-nitrophenol were detected in 10 samples with the concentrations between limits of detection and quantification to 9.27 × 104 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiang Gu
- Department of Quality Inspection of Food and Chemicals, Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research, Cangwu Road 381#, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Li-Song Chen
- Guangzhou Analysis Center, Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd, Gaotang Road 230#, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510010, PR China
| | - Lei Nie
- Department of Quality Inspection of Food and Chemicals, Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research, Cangwu Road 381#, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200233, PR China
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2
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Liu WH, Gu YX, Wang Z, Li SS, Wang LW, Luo JW. Origin of Immediate Damping of Coherent Oscillations in Photoinduced Charge-Density-Wave Transition. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:146901. [PMID: 37084436 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.146901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In stark contrast to the conventional charge density wave (CDW) materials, the one-dimensional CDW on the In/Si(111) surface exhibits immediate damping of the CDW oscillation during the photoinduced phase transition. Here, we successfully reproduce the experimental observation of the photoinduced CDW transition on the In/Si(111) surface by performing real-time time-dependent density functional theory (rt-TDDFT) simulations. We show that photoexcitation promotes valence electrons from the Si substrate to the empty surface bands composed primarily of the covalent p-p bonding states of the long In-In bonds. Such photoexcitation generates interatomic forces to shorten the long In-In bonds and thus drives the structural transition. After the structural transition, these surface bands undergo a switch among different In-In bonds, causing a rotation of the interatomic forces by about π/6 and thus quickly damping the oscillations in feature CDW modes. These findings provide a deeper understanding of photoinduced phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shu-Shen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin-Wang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jun-Wei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Pu J, Zhao YL, Gu YX, Hang CH, You YP, Wang MD, Qu Y, Lu H, Wang S. Chinese expert consensus on the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage-related hydrocephalus. Chin Neurosurg J 2023; 9:7. [PMID: 36935494 PMCID: PMC10026498 DOI: 10.1186/s41016-022-00314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Pu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan-Li Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Gu
- Huashan Hospital, Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Hua Hang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Ping You
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Mao-de Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Qu
- Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Gu YX, Chen M, Wang KJ. [Research advances in classifications and functions of retinal ganglion cells]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2022; 58:390-395. [PMID: 35511668 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20211103-00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the most important type of neurons in the visual pathway. RGC axons exit the eye to form the optic nerve, which connects with the brain. The visual signals carried by RGC axons establish the only link between the outside world and our internal perception of sight. Researches on the morphological, physiological, molecular, and mosaic features of RGCs are of great significance. This article reviews the research advances of RGC classifications, definitive types of RGCs, and selective vulnerability of specific RGC types after various injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y X Gu
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - M Chen
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - K J Wang
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Lei Y, Zhang X, Ni W, Yang H, Su JB, Xu B, Chen L, Yu JH, Gu YX, Mao Y. Recognition of moyamoya disease and its hemorrhagic risk using deep learning algorithms: sourced from retrospective studies. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:830-835. [PMID: 33229716 PMCID: PMC8178771 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.297085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although intracranial hemorrhage in moyamoya disease can occur repeatedly, predicting the disease is difficult. Deep learning algorithms developed in recent years provide a new angle for identifying hidden risk factors, evaluating the weight of different factors, and quantitatively evaluating the risk of intracranial hemorrhage in moyamoya disease. To investigate whether convolutional neural network algorithms can be used to recognize moyamoya disease and predict hemorrhagic episodes, we retrospectively selected 460 adult unilateral hemispheres with moyamoya vasculopathy as positive samples for diagnosis modeling, including 418 hemispheres with moyamoya disease and 42 hemispheres with moyamoya syndromes. Another 500 hemispheres with normal vessel appearance were selected as negative samples. We used deep residual neural network (ResNet-152) algorithms to extract features from raw data obtained from digital subtraction angiography of the internal carotid artery, then trained and validated the model. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the model in identifying unilateral moyamoya vasculopathy were 97.64 ± 0.87%, 96.55 ± 3.44%, and 98.29 ± 0.98%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.990. We used a combined multi-view conventional neural network algorithm to integrate age, sex, and hemorrhagic factors with features of the digital subtraction angiography. The accuracy of the model in predicting unilateral hemorrhagic risk was 90.69 ± 1.58% and the sensitivity and specificity were 94.12 ± 2.75% and 89.86 ± 3.64%, respectively. The deep learning algorithms we proposed were valuable and might assist in the automatic diagnosis of moyamoya disease and timely recognition of the risk for re-hemorrhage. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, China (approved No. 2014-278) on January 12, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Bin Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Hua Yu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Lei Y, Chen X, Su JB, Zhang X, Yang H, Gao XJ, Ni W, Chen L, Yu JH, Gu YX, Mao Y. Recognition of Cognitive Impairment in Adult Moyamoya Disease: A Classifier Based on High-Order Resting-State Functional Connectivity Network. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 14:603208. [PMID: 33408614 PMCID: PMC7779761 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2020.603208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a common complication in adult patients with moyamoya disease (MMD), and is reversible by surgical revascularization in its early stage of mild VCI. However, accurate diagnosis of mild VCI is difficult based on neuropsychological examination alone. This study proposed a method of dynamic resting-state functional connectivity (FC) network to recognize global cognitive impairment in MMD. Methods: For MMD, 36 patients with VCI and 43 patients with intact cognition (Non-VCI) were included, as well as 26 normal controls (NCs). Using resting-state fMRI, dynamic low-order FC networks were first constructed with multiple brain regions which were generated through a sliding window approach and correlated in temporal dimension. In order to obtain more information of network interactions along the time, high-order FC networks were established by calculating correlations among each pair of brain regions. Afterwards, a sparse representation-based classifier was constructed to recognize MMD (experiment 1) and its cognitive impairment (experiment 2) with features extracted from both low- and high-order FC networks. Finally, the ten-fold cross-validation strategy was proposed to train and validate the performance of the classifier. Results: The three groups did not differ significantly in demographic features (p > 0.05), while the VCI group exhibited the lowest MMSE scores (p = 0.001). The Non-VCI and NCs groups did not differ significantly in MMSE scores (p = 0.054). As for the classification between MMD and NCs, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the classifier reached 90.70, 88.57, 93.67, and 73.08%, respectively. While for the classification between VCI and Non-VCI, the AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the classifier reached 91.02, 84.81, 80.56, and 88.37%, respectively. Conclusion: This study not only develops a promising classifier to recognize VCI in adult MMD in its early stage, but also implies the significance of time-varying properties in dynamic FC networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Bin Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Jie Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Hua Yu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Dong Y, Guo ZN, Li Q, Ni W, Gu H, Gu YX, Dong Q. Chinese Stroke Association guidelines for clinical management of cerebrovascular disorders: executive summary and 2019 update of clinical management of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2019; 4:176-181. [PMID: 32030200 PMCID: PMC6979866 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2019-000296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) caused by ruptured cerebral aneurysm is a severe subtype of haemorrhagic stroke. Although the incidence of SAH is relatively low among all cerebrovascular diseases, the mortality is the highest. The critical management of SAH is challenging. We provide this evidence-based guideline to present current and comprehensive recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of non-trauma SAH. Methods A formal literature search of MEDLINE (1 January 1990-30 June 2019) was performed. Data were synthesised with the use of evidence tables. Writing group members met by teleconference to discuss data-derived recommendations. The Chinese Stroke Association's levels of evidence grading algorithm was used to grade each recommendation. The guideline draft was reviewed by Chinese Stroke Association's Stroke Fellow Committees. It is intended that this guideline be fully updated every 3 years. Results Evidence-based guidelines are presented for the care of patients presenting with non-trauma SAH. The focus of the guideline was subdivided into transfer and systems of care, diagnosis flowchart, aetiology and differentiation, prevention of rebleeding, surgical and endovascular repair of ruptured aneurysms, management of vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischaemia, management of hydrocephalus, management of seizures and management of medical complications. Conclusions The guideline offers a framework for SAH management. Early professional and aggressive care of SAH might help dramatically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital,Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Ni
- Neurosurgery, Fudan University Huashan Hospital Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongqiu Gu
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Gu
- Neurosurgery, Fudan University Huashan Hospital Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital,Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Yang H, Gao XJ, Li YJ, Su JB, E TZ, Zhang X, Ni W, Gu YX. Minocycline reduces intracerebral hemorrhage-induced white matter injury in piglets. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:1195-1206. [PMID: 31556245 PMCID: PMC6776747 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims White matter (WM) injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) results in poor or even fatal outcomes. As an anti‐inflammatory drug, minocycline has been considered a promising choice to treat brain injury after ICH. However, whether minocycline can reduce WM injury after ICH is still controversial. In the present study, we investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of minocycline on WM injury after ICH. Methods An ICH model was induced by an injection of autologous blood into the right frontal lobe of piglets. First, transcriptional analysis was performed at day 1 or 3 to investigate the dynamic changes in neuroinflammatory gene expression in WM after ICH. Second, ICH piglets were treated either with minocycline or with vehicle alone. All piglets then underwent magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain swelling. Brain tissue was used for real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and electron microscopy. Results Transcriptional analysis demonstrated that transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β)/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling is associated with microglia/macrophage‐mediated inflammation activation after ICH and is then involved in WM injury after ICH in piglets. Minocycline treatment results in less ICH‐induced brain swelling, fewer neurological deficits, and less WM injury in comparison with the vehicle alone. In addition, minocycline reduces microglial activation and alleviates demyelination in white matter after ICH. Finally, we found that minocycline attenuates WM injury by increasing the expression of TGF‐β and suppressing MAPK activation after ICH. Conclusion These results indicate that TGF‐β–mediated MAPK signaling contributes to WM injury after ICH, which can be altered by minocycline treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Jie Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Bin Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong-Zhou E
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Su JB, Xi SD, Zhou SY, Zhang X, Jiang SH, Xu B, Chen L, Lei Y, Gao C, Gu YX. Microstructural damage pattern of vascular cognitive impairment: a comparison between moyamoya disease and cerebrovascular atherosclerotic disease. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:858-867. [PMID: 30688272 PMCID: PMC6375028 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.249234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Moyamoya disease and cerebrovascular atherosclerotic disease are both chronic ischemic diseases with similar presentations of vascular cognitive impairment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the patterns of microstructural damage associated with vascular cognitive impairment in the two diseases. The study recruited 34 patients with moyamoya disease (age 43.9 ± 9.2 years; 20 men and 14 women, 27 patients with cerebrovascular atherosclerotic disease (age: 44.6 ± 7.6 years; 17 men and 10 women), and 31 normal controls (age 43.6 ± 7.3 years; 18 men and 13 women) from Huashan Hospital of Fudan University in China. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination, long-term delayed recall of Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Trail Making Test Part B, and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test. Single-photon emission-computed tomography was used to examine cerebral perfusion. Voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics were performed to identify regions of gray matter atrophy and white matter deterioration in patients and normal controls. The results demonstrated that the severity of cognitive impairment was similar between the two diseases in all tested domains. Patients with moyamoya disease and those with cerebrovascular atherosclerotic disease suffered from disturbed supratentorial hemodynamics. Gray matter atrophy in bilateral middle cingulate cortex and parts of the frontal gyrus was prominent in both diseases, but in general, was more severe and more diffuse in those with moyamoya disease. White matter deterioration was significant for both diseases in the genu and body of corpus callosum, in the anterior and superior corona radiation, and in the posterior thalamic radiation, but in moyamoya disease, it was more diffuse and more severe. Vascular cognitive impairment was associated with regional microstructural damage, with a potential link between, gray and white matter damage. Overall, these results provide insight into the pathophysiological nature of vascular cognitive impairment. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board in Huashan Hospital, China (approval No. 2014-278). This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on December 2, 2014 with the identifier NCT02305407.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Bin Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Da Xi
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Yi Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen-Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Gu YX, Yang JQ, Pan SY, Wang L, Zhou ZL. Determination of Fluorescent Whitening Agents in Cosmetics and Liquid Detergent by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detector in Tandem with Fluorescence Detector. J Cosmet Sci 2018; 69:279-291. [PMID: 30311903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Five distyryl-type fluorescent whitening agents (FWA85, 210, 220, 351, and 353) were determined in cosmetics and liquid detergent by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector in tandem with fluorescence detector. The samples were extracted with ultrasound in 33% acetonitrile for 10 minutes and the components were determined by ion-pair chromatography on an MG C18 column. The limits of detection were from 0.01 to 0.1 mg·kg-1 and the limits of quantification were from 0.04 to 0.4 mg·kg-1. The recovery was from 80.7 to 103.3%. A linear relationship was present from 0.10 to 100 µg·ml-1 of FWAs. The protocol was simple, sensitive, selective, and was successfully applied to analyze distyryl-type FWAs in cosmetics and liquid detergent. FWA351 and FWA85 were detected in several samples with the concentrations of 19.4-1,130 mg·kg-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiang Gu
- Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China (Y.-X.G., J.-Q.Y., S.-Y.P., L.W., Z.-L.Z.)
| | - Jin-Qin Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China (Y.-X.G., J.-Q.Y., S.-Y.P., L.W., Z.-L.Z.)
| | - Si-Yi Pan
- Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China (Y.-X.G., J.-Q.Y., S.-Y.P., L.W., Z.-L.Z.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China (Y.-X.G., J.-Q.Y., S.-Y.P., L.W., Z.-L.Z.)
| | - Ze-Lin Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China (Y.-X.G., J.-Q.Y., S.-Y.P., L.W., Z.-L.Z.)
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11
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Song JP, Ni W, Gu YX, Zhu W, Chen L, Xu B, Leng B, Tian YL, Mao Y. Epidemiological Features of Nontraumatic Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in China: A Nationwide Hospital-based Multicenter Study. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 130:776-781. [PMID: 28345540 PMCID: PMC5381310 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.202729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nontraumatic spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with a high mortality. This study was conducted to investigate the epidemiological features of nontraumatic spontaneous SAH in China. METHODS From January 2006 to December 2008, the clinical data of patients with nontraumatic SAH from 32 major neurosurgical centers of China were evaluated. Emergent digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed for the diagnosis of SAH sources in the acute stage of SAH (≤3 days). The results and complications of emergent DSA were analyzed. Repeated DSA or computed tomography angiography (CTA) was suggested 2 weeks later if initial angiographic result was negative. RESULTS A total of 2562 patients were enrolled, including 81.4% of aneurysmal SAH and 18.6% of nonaneurysmal SAH. The total complication rate of emergent DSA was 3.9% without any mortality. Among the patients with aneurysmal SAH, 321 cases (15.4%) had multiple aneurysms, and a total of 2435 aneurysms were detected. The aneurysms mostly originated from the anterior communicating artery (30.1%), posterior communicating artery (28.7%), and middle cerebral artery (15.9%). Among the nonaneurysmal SAH cases, 76.5% (n = 365) had negative initial DSA, including 62 cases with peri-mesencephalic nonaneurysmal SAH (PNSAH). Repeated DSA or CTA was performed in 252 patients with negative initial DSA, including 45 PNSAH cases. Among them, the repeated angiographic results remained negative in 45 PNSAH cases, but 28 (13.5%) intracranial aneurysms were detected in the remaining 207 cases. In addition, brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM, 7.5%), Moyamoya disease (7.3%), stenosis or sclerosis of the cerebral artery (2.7%), and dural arteriovenous fistula or carotid cavernous fistula (2.3%) were the major causes of nonaneurysmal SAH. CONCLUSIONS DSA can be performed safely for pathological diagnosis in the acute stage of SAH. Ruptured intracranial aneurysms, AVM, and Moyamoya disease are the major causes of SAH detected by emergent DSA in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wei Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Bin Leng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yan-Long Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Ma XX, Feng YP, Gu YX, Zhou JH, Ma ZR. Effect of the nucleotides surrounding the start codon on the translation of foot-and-mouth disease virus RNA. Acta Virol 2016; 60:151-5. [PMID: 27265464 DOI: 10.4149/av_2016_02_151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
As for the alternative AUGs in foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), nucleotide bias of the context flanking the AUG(2nd) could be used as a strong signal to initiate translation. To determine the role of the specific nucleotide context, dicistronic reporter constructs were engineered to contain different versions of nucleotide context linking between internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and downstream gene. The results indicate that under FMDV IRES-dependent mechanism, the nucleotide contexts flanking start codon can influence the translation initiation efficiencies. The most optimal sequences for both start codons have proved to be UUU AUG(1st) AAC and AAG AUG(2nd) GAA.
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13
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Lei Y, Li YJ, Guo QH, Liu XD, Liu Z, Ni W, Su JB, Yang H, Jiang HQ, Xu B, Gu YX, Mao Y. Postoperative executive function in adult moyamoya disease: a preliminary study of its functional anatomy and behavioral correlates. J Neurosurg 2016; 126:527-536. [PMID: 27058195 DOI: 10.3171/2015.12.jns151499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic frontal hemodynamic disturbances are associated with executive dysfunction in adult patients with moyamoya disease (MMD). However, the impact of surgical revascularization on executive dysfunction and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine the postoperative radiological correlates of cognitive improvement and thereby explore its underlying mechanism. METHODS Fourteen patients who met the inclusion criteria were identified at Huashan Hospital, were operated on, and were successfully followed up for 6 months. Postoperative changes in cortical perfusion and regional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) were examined by SPECT and resting-state functional MRI, respectively. Executive function was evaluated by 2 tests (Trail Making Test Part B and the summation of executive subtests of Memory and Executive Screening [MES-EX]). Follow-up neuropsychological outcomes were then correlated with radiological changes to identify nodes functioning as leading contributors to postoperative executive outcomes. RESULTS All patients underwent successful unilateral bypass procedures, with some operations performed on the left side and some on the right side. At the 6-month follow-up, the baseline and follow-up test scores for the different sides did not differ significantly. The group with good collaterals (Matsushima Grade A, 9 patients) exhibited significantly increased postoperative perfusion (change in [△] hemodynamics) in bilateral frontal (left, p = 0.009; right, p = 0.003) and left parietal lobe (p = 0.014). The Spearman's correlation test suggested that only the right frontal lobe exhibited significant positive postoperative radiological correlates with cognitive performance (△MES-EX vs △hemodynamics, r = 0.620, p = 0.018; △MES-EX vs △ALFF, r = 0.676, p = 0.008; △hemodynamics vs △ALFF, r = 0.547, p = 0.043). Subsequent regional ALFF analysis revealed that the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was the only node in the responsible hemisphere to exhibit significant postoperative changes. CONCLUSIONS The results not only advance our understanding of pathological interactions of postoperative executive performance in adult MMD, but also indicate that the right DLPFC amplitude might be a quantitative predictor of postoperative executive control improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lei
- Departments of 1 Neurosurgery
| | | | | | - Xing-Dang Liu
- Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Ni
- Departments of 1 Neurosurgery
| | | | | | | | - Bin Xu
- Departments of 1 Neurosurgery
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Gu YX, Wang QH, Zhou ZL, Lv Q, Mai CH. Determination of zinc pyrithione in shampoos by HPLC and HPLC-MS/MS. J Cosmet Sci 2014; 65:265-276. [PMID: 25682618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Methods have been developed for the determination of zinc pyrithione (ZPT) in shampoos using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Samples were washed by water first to remove surfactant and water-soluble impurities, then ultrasonic-extracted by acetonitrile-methanol for 30 min, and finally analyzed by MG C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) or RP-18e (100 mm x 3 mm, 2 μm) plus APCI-MS/MS. Limits of detection were determined as 0.015% (HPLC) and 0.003% (HPLC-MS/MS), with a limit of quantization of 0.05% and 0.01%, respectively. The recoveries were 85.8-104% (HPLC) and 87.6-107% (HPLC-MS/MS). A good linear relationship was obtained from 3.20 μg·ml(-1) to 200 μg·ml(-1) (HPLC) and 1.00 μg·ml(-1) to 200 μg·ml(-1) (HPLC-MS/MS). The proposed methods have been successfully applied to the analysis of ZPT in many shampoos. The established two methods were rapid and reproducible with low interference.
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Zhu FP, Zhang Y, Higurashi M, Xu B, Gu YX, Mao Y, Morgan MK, Qian Y. Haemodynamic analysis of vessel remodelling in STA-MCA bypass for Moyamoya disease and its impact on bypass patency. J Biomech 2014; 47:1800-5. [PMID: 24720886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to estimate the remodelling characteristics of STA-MCA bypass and its influence on patency via the use of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) technology. The reconstructed three-dimensional geometries from MRA were segmented to create computational domains for CFD simulations. Eleven patients, who underwent regular MRA both immediately following surgery and at the six months follow-up, were studied. The flow velocities at STA were measured via the use of quantitative MRA (QMRA) to validate simulation results. STA-MCA bypass patency was confirmed for each patient immediately following surgery. The simulation indicated that the remodelling of the arterial pedicle in nine patients was associated with a reduction in the resistance to flow through the bypass. For these cases, the modelling of a driving pressure of 10mmHg through the bypass at 6 months post-surgery resulted in a 50% greater blood flow than those found immediately following surgery. However, two patients were found to exhibit contradictory patterns of remodelling, in which a highly curved bending at the bypass immediately post-surgery underwent progression, with increased resistance to flow through the bypass at 6 months follow-up, thereby resulting in a modelled flow rate reduction of 50% and 25%, respectively. This study revealed that STA-MCA bypass has a characteristic remodelling that usually reduces flow resistance. The initial morphology of the bypass may have had a significant effect on the outcome of vessel remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ping Zhu
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, Hua Shan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Masakazu Higurashi
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hua Shan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hua Shan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hua Shan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | | | - Yi Qian
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
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16
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Wang DJ, Zheng MZ, Gong Y, Xie Q, Wang Y, Cheng HX, Mao Y, Zhong P, Che XM, Jiang CC, Huang FP, Zheng K, Li SQ, Gu YX, Bao WM, Yang BJ, Wu JS, Xie LQ, Tang HL, Zhu HD, Chen XC, Zhou LF. Papillary meningioma: clinical and histopathological observations. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2013; 6:878-88. [PMID: 23638219 PMCID: PMC3638098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Papillary meningioma is a rare subtype of malignant meningiomas, which is classified by the World Health Organization as Grade III. Because of lack of large sample size case studies, many of the specific characteristics of papillary meningioma are unclear. This study investigated by retrospective analysis the clinical, radiological and histopathological findings of 17 papillary meningioma patients who underwent surgical resection or biopsy, to assess the characteristics of papillary meningioma. Eight female and nine male patients were included, with a mean age of 40 (range: 6 to 55) years. Tumors were mostly located in the cerebral convexity and showed irregular margins, absence of a peritumoral rim, heterogeneous enhancement and severe peritumoral brain edema on preoperative images. Brain invasion was often confirmed during the operations, with abundant to exceedingly abundant blood supply. Intratumoral necrosis and mitosis was frequently observed on routinely stained sections. The average MIB-1 labeling index was 6.9%. Seven cases experienced tumor recurrence or progression, while seven patients died 6 to 29 months after operation. Radiation therapy was given in 52.9% of all cases. Univariate analysis showed that only the existence of intratumoral necrosis and incomplete resection correlated with tumor recurrence. The 3-year progression free survival was 66.7% after gross total resection and 63.6% for other cases. The 3-year mortality rate was 50% after gross total resection and 63.6% for other cases. Papillary meningioma has specific clinical and histopathological characteristics. Tumor recurrence (or progression) and mortality are common. Gross total tumor resection resulted in less recurrence and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Jun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040, China
| | - Ming-Zhe Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040, China
| | - Ye Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Neuropathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040, China
| | - Hai-Xia Cheng
- Department of Neuropathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040, China
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040, China
| | - Ping Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Che
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040, China
| | - Cheng-Chuan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040, China
| | - Feng-Ping Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040, China
| | - Kang Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040, China
| | - Shi-Qi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040, China
| | - Wei-Min Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040, China
| | - Bo-Jie Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040, China
| | - Jing-Song Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040, China
| | - Li-Qian Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040, China
| | - Hai-Liang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040, China
| | - Hong-Da Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040, China
| | - Xian-Cheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040, China
| | - Liang-Fu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040, China
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17
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Hu Y, Liu HX, Wang X, Shen ZB, Li P, Gu CX, Gu YX, Lu MM, Zhang Q. Formation of nanostructure and nano-hardness characterization on the meso-scale workpiece by a novel laser indirect shock forming method. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:045001. [PMID: 23635224 DOI: 10.1063/1.4798670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The meso-scale workpiece with greatly enhanced mechanical properties is potential to be widely used in the electronics productions and micro-electro mechanical systems. In this study, it demonstrates that the meso-scale cup-shape workpiece with good geometry can be obtained by a novel laser indirect shock forming method. After the forming process, the mechanical properties and microstructures of the formed workpiece were characterized. By transmission electron microscope observation, it was found that a mixed refined microstructure consisting of nano-scale twins embedded in nano-sized grains was produced at the center of the formed sample. Formation of these nanograins could be mainly attributed to two mechanisms: twin-twin intersections and twin∕matrix lamellae fragmentation. By nanoindentation tests, it reveals that the hardness of the sample has increased greatly after laser shock forming and the hardness increases with the laser energy. The elevated hardness originates from a considerable number of nano-scale twins and nanograins, which possess a pretty high strength due to the significant effects of grain boundary strengthening and twin boundary strengthening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
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18
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Xu HZ, Qin ZY, Gu YX, Zhou P, Xu F, Chen XC. Increased expression of osteopontin in brain arteriovenous malformations. Chin Med J (Engl) 2012; 125:4254-4258. [PMID: 23217396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The precise mechanisms responsible for the development and growth of intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) remain unclear. Osteopontin (OPN) is a phosphorylated glycoprotein with diverse functions. This study aimed to analyze the expression of OPN in human brain AVMs. METHODS The AVM nidus was surgically obtained from patients with AVM, whereas control brain artery specimens were surgically obtained from patients with epilepsy. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to examine the expression of OPN mRNA in biopsy specimens. OPN protein expression was localized by immunohistochemistry. The statistical differences between different groups were assessed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS We analyzed 36 brain AVM specimens and 8 control brain artery specimens. Eleven patients with brain AVM received embolization treatment, and five underwent gamma knife radiotherapy before resection. Nineteen patients with brain AVM had a history of hemorrhage from AVMs. The expression of OPN mRNA was significantly higher in AVMs than that in the control specimens (25.76 ± 2.71 vs. 21.46 ± 2.01, P < 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in the extent of OPN mRNA expression between the AVM group with and that without history of hemorrhage (26.13 ± 2.45 vs. 25.34 ± 2.99) or gamma knife radiotherapy (24.39 ± 2.10 vs. 24.53 ± 1.85). However, the difference between the AVM group with and that without embolization treatment history was statistically significant (24.39 ± 2.10 vs. 28.80 ± 1.13, P < 0.01). In the group with gamma knife radiotherapy history, OPN expression was found in arteries with early-stage radio-effect. CONCLUSIONS OPN may contribute to the vascular instability of brain AVMs. It may play an important role in the pathophysiological process related to embolization treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Zhi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai Neurosurgical Center, Shanghai 200040, China
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Chen XN, Gu YX, Lee JH, Lee WY, Wang HJ. Multifunctional surfaces with biomimetic nanofibres and drug-eluting micro-patterns for infection control and bone tissue formation. Eur Cell Mater 2012; 24:237-48. [PMID: 23007909 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v024a17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
For long-term orthopaedic implants, the creation of a surface that is repulsive to bacteria while adhesive to tissue cells represents a promising strategy to control infection. To obtain such multifunctional surfaces, two possible approaches were explored to incorporate a model antibiotic, rifampicin (Rf), into the osteogenic polycaprolactone (PCL)/chitosan (CHS) biomimetic nanofibre meshes by (1) blending Rf into the electrospinning solutions and then electrospinning into nanofibres (i.e., Rf-incorporating fibres), or (2) depositing Rf-containing poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) micro-patterns onto the PCL/chitosan nanofibre meshes via ink-jet printing (i.e., Rf-eluting micro-pattern/fibre). Rapid release of Rf from both meshes was measured even though a relatively slower release rate was obtained from the Rf-eluting micro-pattern ones. Antibacterial assay with Staphylococcus epidermidis showed that both mesh surfaces could effectively kill bacteria and prevent biofilm formation. However, only Rf-eluting micro-pattern meshes favoured the attachment, spreading and metabolic activity of preosteoblasts in the cell culture study. Furthermore, the Rf-eluting micro-pattern meshes could better support the osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblasts by up-regulating the gene expression of bone markers (type I collagen and alkaline phosphatase). Clearly, compared to Rf-incorporating nanofibre meshes, Rf-eluting micro-patterns could effectively prevent biofilm formation without sacrificing the osteogenic properties of PCL/chitosan nanofibre surfaces. This finding provides an innovative avenue to design multifunctional surfaces for enhancing bone tissue formation while controlling infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- X N Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
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Xie B, Lv Z, Lv BY, Gu YX. Treatment of mature landfill leachate by biofilters and Fenton oxidation. Waste Manag 2010; 30:2108-2112. [PMID: 20663656 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2010.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2010] [Revised: 06/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A series of processes by biofilter and Fenton oxidation to treat mature landfill leachate has been devised. At a hydraulic loading rate of 20 l m(-3)d(-1), a biofilter packed with aged refuse is found to remove 80% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 89% of ammonia nitrogen and 96% of total phosphorus (TP). Particularly, TP levels dropped below 1 mg l(-1). The optimal condition for Fenton oxidation was selected to be an initial pH of 5, a dosage of 0.01 and 0.02 mol l(-1) of FeSO(4) and H(2)O(2), respectively, and a duration of 3h, where COD removal efficiency reaches 58.6%, and BOD(5)/COD ratio is raised from 0.05 to 0.20. Subsequent treatment by a biofilter packed with slag reduces COD, ammonia nitrogen levels to less than 100, 25 mg l(-1), respectively. A pilot scale experiment conducted in situ demonstrates that this series of processes exhibits a high efficiency in removing pollutants from mature landfill leachate and it is viable for application.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Xie
- Department of Environmental Science & Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory on Urbanization Ecological Process and Ecorestoration, Shanghai 200062, East China Normal University, PR China.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most common clinical manifestations of human brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM). However, the hemorrhagic mechanism of BAVM is still unclear. Leptin, first discovered in obesity research, has not been systematically studied in BAVM and ICH. We investigated expression and effect of leptin on human BAVM. METHODS Specimens were obtained from 6 BAVM patients, who had been divided into either hemorrhagic or non-hemorrhagic groups. Leptin, leptin receptor, and signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 (STAT3) were analyzed by different methods, such as gene chips, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. Perinidal brain tissue around each BAVM served as control. RESULTS Gene chips and RT-PCR found transcriptional leptin raised at least 2 levels in hemorrhagic BAVM. Immunohistochemical slices also showed higher expression of leptin, leptin receptor, and STAT3 on nidus part of hemorrhagic BAVM than non-hemorrhagic ones. On Western blot analysis, hemorrhagic BAVMs had higher levels of leptin (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The transcriptional and translational levels of leptin, leptin receptor, and STAT3 were higher in hemorrhagic BAVM, suggesting that leptin may play an important role in the hemorrhagic mechanism of BAVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zhou LF, Chen L, Song DL, Gu YX, Leng B. Dural arteriovenous fistula of the sphenobasilar sinus with concomitant meningioma: case report and review of the literature. Neurosurg Rev 2007; 30:269-74; discussion 274. [PMID: 17483974 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-007-0071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2006] [Revised: 11/13/2006] [Accepted: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Dural arteriovenous fistula of the sphenobasilar sinus is a true but rare lesion that connects the meningeal arteries from both the external and internal carotid arteries to the superficial middle cerebral vein (SMCV) and dural sinus. It must be distinguished from other dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) of the middle cranial fossa, such as cavernous DAVFs and sphenoparietal sinus DAVF, because of differences in the treatment and outcome between these DAVFs. Two patients with sphenobasilar sinus DAVFs reported in the literature have been identified, but they did not simultaneously harbor intracranial meningiomas. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the patient described here is the first case that concomitantly harbors a sphenobasilar sinus DAVF and intracranial meningioma. A 42-year-old man presented with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage. Angiography demonstrated a DAVF of the sphenobasilar sinus with a giant venous aneurysm of the SMCV. After transarterial embolization, the fistula was successfully obliterated and the giant venous aneurysm was resected microsurgically. A fortuitous small meningioma at the anterior clinoid was found and removed during the operation. The patient recovered excellently and resumed his normal activities. The relevant literature is reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Fu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Neurosurgical Center, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Chen XC, Yu B, Dong JC, Gu YX, Chen L, Wu QZ, Hou NP, Liu JX, Xu JT, Jin RX, Jin GQ, Yang XD, Cao YW, Tan JJ, Zhu B, Shen JC, Xu Z, Varticovski L, Wang XW. A phase II clinical trial with cytotropic heterogeneous molecular lipids (CHML) for patients with hepatic malignancies. Anticancer Res 2007; 27:1593-600. [PMID: 17595781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and other forms of metastatic liver cancer (MLC) have poor outcomes due to the limited treatment options. Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy have a limited success. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel therapies for patients with advanced HCC and MLC. The response and toxicity profile of a novel biological anticancer agent, cytotropic heterogeneous molecular lipids (CHML), in 135 Asian patients with hepatic malignancies treated at five different hospitals in China from April 1998 to August 2003 is described. This trial included 97 patients with HCC and 38 with MLC. The majority of these patients had received conventional therapies and many had failed to respond or relapsed. CHML was administered by intra-arterial (i.a.) infusion with or without simultaneous intravenous (i.v.) infusion for 25 days with a rest of 2-4 weeks between each cycle. Fifty three percent of patients received two cycles, and 47% received three cycles. The complete response (CR) rates were 23% for HCC and 29% for MLC with an overall CR of 24%. The overall partial response (PR) was 53%. The patients with earlier stages and limited tumor burden had a better response, but a few patients with advanced disease also achieved PR. The patients who achieved CR or PR had a significant increase in long-term survival for up to five years. The treatment with CHML resulted in minimal toxicity and the reported adverse reactions were not higher than grade II. CHML is an effective therapy for hepatic malignancies, showing responses and increases in survival in patients in whom other therapies have failed. CHML is well tolerated and is an excellent candidate for Phase III clinical trials.
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Wang ZS, Gu YX, Yuan QS. Effect of Nutrition Factors on the Synthesis of Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, and Membrane Lipid Peroxide Levels in Cordyceps militaris Mycelium. Curr Microbiol 2006; 52:74-9. [PMID: 16392009 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-005-0193-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2005] [Accepted: 11/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Effect of carbon, nitrogen, and metal ion sources on superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, and lipid perioxide (LPO) levels in Cordyceps militaris mycelium were investigated at stationary growth phase by step supplementing with these nutrition factors in shake-flask cultures. Mycelium was cultivated in several growth media containing different carbon sources. The observed highest SOD and CAT activities were 44.3 U/mg protein in the presence of 20% potato broth plus 2% glucose medium and 93.7 U/mg protein in presence of 20% potato broth plus 1% glucose medium, respectively. By supplementing with either yeast extract or tryptone in 0.1-0.5% concentration range, the highest SOD and CAT activities were 21.1 U/mg protein in medium supplemented with 0.1% yeast extract and 20.7 U/mg protein in medium supplemented with 0.1% tryptone, respectively. Supplementing with Cu(2+), Zn(2+), and Mn(2+) caused a stimulation of SOD synthesis. The minimum LPO level was observed at media presented Zn(2+). The time course of SOD and CAT biosynthesis showed two maxima, which correspond to the maximum of biomass. High SOD levels and low LPO levels in the medium described above indicated that the appropriate metal ions could provide a suitable protection for cells against oxygen radical damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zun-Sheng Wang
- Department of Biology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, P.R. China
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Wang JW, Chen JR, Gu YX, Zheng CD, Jiang F, Fan HF. Optimizing the error term in direct-method SAD phasing. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2004; 60:1987-90. [PMID: 15502306 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444904023856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2004] [Accepted: 09/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The probability formula of the direct-method SAD (single-wavelength anomalous diffraction) phasing proposed by Fan & Gu (1985, Acta Cryst. A41, 280-284) contains an error term which is related to the lack-of-closure error. This error term is used as a weighting function in the phase derivation and in the subsequent calculation of electron-density maps. Previously, there has been a constant in the error term that has had to be determined empirically for each particular case. It has been found that improper choice of the constant often leads to failure of the direct-method SAD phasing. The problem is resolved by introducing a modified error term and a method of automatically tuning the associated scaling factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
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Wang JW, Chen JR, Gu YX, Zheng CD, Fan HF. Direct-method SAD phasing with partial-structure iteration: towards automation. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2004; 60:1991-6. [PMID: 15502307 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444904023893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2004] [Accepted: 09/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The probability formula of direct-method SAD (single-wavelength anomalous diffraction) phasing proposed by Fan & Gu (1985, Acta Cryst. A41, 280-284) contains partial-structure information in the form of a Sim-weighting term. Previously, only the substructure of anomalous scatterers has been included in this term. In the case that the subsequent density modification and model building yields only structure fragments, which do not straightforwardly lead to the complete solution, the partial structure can be fed back into the Sim-weighting term of the probability formula in order to strengthen its phasing power and to benefit the subsequent automatic model building. The procedure has been tested with experimental SAD data from two known proteins with copper and sulfur as the anomalous scatterers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
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Wang JW, Chen JR, Gu YX, Zheng CD, Jiang F, Fan HF, Terwilliger TC, Hao Q. SAD phasing by combination of direct methods with the SOLVE/RESOLVE procedure. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2004; 60:1244-53. [PMID: 15213386 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444904010674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2004] [Accepted: 05/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the initial stage of SAD phasing, the essential point is to break the intrinsic phase ambiguity. The presence of two kinds of phase information enables the discrimination of phase doublets from SAD data prior to density modification. One is from the heavy atoms (anomalous scatterers), while the other is from the direct-methods phase relationships. The former can be expressed by the Sim distribution, while the latter can be expressed by the Cochran distribution. Typically, only the Sim distribution has been used to yield initial phases for subsequent density modification. However, it has been demonstrated that using direct-methods phases based on the product of the Sim and Cochran distributions can lead to improved initial phases. In this paper, the direct-methods phasing procedure OASIS has been improved and combined with the SOLVE/RESOLVE procedure. Experimental SAD data from three known proteins with expected Bijvoet ratios </DeltaF/>/<F> in the range 1.4-7.0% were used as test cases. In all cases, the phases obtained using the program RESOLVE beginning with initial phases based on experimental phases plus Sim and direct-methods information were more accurate than those based on experimental plus Sim phase information alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
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Gu YX, Chang WR, Jiang T, Zheng CD, Fan HF. Direct-method-aided phasing of MIR diffraction data from proteins. Acta Crystallogr A 2002; 58:547-51. [PMID: 12388872 DOI: 10.1107/s0108767302013922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2002] [Accepted: 08/05/2002] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct methods have successfully been used to break the phase ambiguity intrinsic in the single isomorphous replacement (SIR) data of proteins. Based on this, the procedure 'direct-method-aided MIR phasing' (DMIR) has been proposed and applied to the four-derivative multiple isomorphous replacement (MIR) data of a known protein containing 682 amino acid residuals in the asymmetric unit. The data set consists of 14,500 unique reflections at 3 A resolution with F(obs.) greater than 2sigma. Test calculation showed that the phases from conventional MIR phasing could be significantly improved by direct methods leading to obvious improvement in the quality of the resultant Fourier maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y X Gu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
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Gu YX, Liu YD, Hao Q, Ealick SE, Fan HF. Direct-method-aided phasing of MAD data. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2001; 57:250-3. [PMID: 11173471 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444900018606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2000] [Accepted: 11/23/2000] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The direct methods of breaking the phase ambiguity intrinsic in one-wavelength anomalous scattering (OAS) data and MAD phasing are powerful methods in their own rights. In a different context, in addition to their success in phasing OAS data, direct methods can also be useful in the treatment of MAD data. The idea has been tested with the MAD data at 2.5 A resolution from the protein human adenosine kinase [Mathews et al. (1998), Biochemistry, 37, 15607--15620]. The results showed that the incorporation of direct methods in MAD phasing led to a significant improvement of phases over those obtained from the conventional MAD phasing method alone, as indicated by improved map correlation coefficients (with the existing model), reduced phase errors by 4.5 degrees and improved map connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y X Gu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
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Liu YD, Gu YX, Zheng CD, Hao Q, Fan HF. Combining direct methods with isomorphous replacement or anomalous scattering data. VIII. Phasing experimental SIR data with the replacing atoms in a centrosymmetric arrangement. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 1999; 55:846-8. [PMID: 10089315 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444998017703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A multisolution direct method has been proposed to resolve the phase ambiguity intrinsic in single isomorphous replacement data of proteins with the replacing atoms in a centrosymmetric arrangement. The phase ambiguity of each reflection is in fact a 'sign ambiguity' of the phase difference between the phase of the native protein and that of the replacing atoms, i.e. +/- |Deltatheta| = theta - theta'. The P+ probability formula can be used to derive the signs. The multisolution phasing procedure is initiated using random starting values of P+. A cluster analysis is used instead of figures of merit to find the correct solution. The direct-method phases can be further improved by density-modification techniques. The method was tested with the experimental SIR data at 2 A resolution from a known protein aPP; satisfactory results were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y D Liu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
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Zheng XF, Zheng CD, Gu YX, Mo YD, Fan HF, Hao Q. Use of Single Isomorphous Replacement Data of Proteins – Resolving the Phase Ambiguity and a New Procedure for Phase Extension. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 1997; 53:49-55. [PMID: 15299971 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444996009365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A procedure combining direct methods and solvent flattening to break the phase ambiguity intrinsic to the single isomorphous replacement (SIR) technique has been tested with the experimental SIR data of the known protein RNase Sa at 2.5 A resolution. The use of direct methods provided better initial phases for the solvent-flattening procedure, while the solvent-flattening procedure greatly improved direct-method phases leading to a traceable Fourier map. A small subset of known phases at low resolution makes direct phasing of SIR data much easier. Accordingly a method for extending low-resolution phases to high-resolution ones is proposed making use of additional SIR information. This reduces the problem of finding a value in the range of 0-2pi for each unknown phase to that of just making a choice between two possible values. Tests with the known protein RNase Sa showed that the method is able to extend phases from a resolution of 6 to 2.5 A leading to an easily traceable Fourier map. The solvent-flattening technique and the combination of which with direct methods were used for the phase extension. Either procedure yielded reasonably good results, but on the whole, the result from the combination of direct methods with solvent flattening is better. Results of the latter procedure were further compared with that from direct phasing of the 2.5 A SIR data and with that from phase extension by solvent flattening without SIR information. An improvement gained by the use of SIR information is evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- X F Zheng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Gu YX, Woolfson MM, Yao JX. Direct-space methods in phase extension and phase refinement. V. The histogram moments method. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 1996; 52:1114-8. [PMID: 15299571 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444996008451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Any distribution is completely defined by its moments. It is shown that a process of phase refinement can be carried out, based on Fourier transforms, which modifies the moments of electron density, separately in the protein and solvent regions, towards target values. Tests have been carried out on two moderate-sized proteins with 800-900 atoms in the asymmetric unit, one containing heavy atoms and the other not. It has been found that refinement using the third moment about zero in the protein region is most effective and that refinement with higher moments, or in the solvent region, adds nothing useful. Two kinds of weights are necessary in the method. One is for giving a weighted mixture of new phase indications with original phase estimates from, say, multiple isomorphous replacement. The other weights are applied to the Fourier coefficients of density maps to give the best possible signal:noise ratio. These weights have been explored empirically and the best ones found are described. It is concluded that since the moments method, which changes phases in reciprocal space, is independent of other histogram-matching procedures, which change density in real space, it has something to offer in a refinement package containing several procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y X Gu
- Physics Department, University of York, Heslington, England
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Gu YX, Cui YF, Wu BA, Shi XC, Teng XH. Effects of artemether on peripheral T, B, T mu and T gamma lymphocytes in beagle dog. J TRADIT CHIN MED 1989; 9:215-9. [PMID: 2615461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of intramuscular injection of Artemether on peripheral T, B, T mu and T gamma lymphocytes in beagle dogs was investigated cytochemically. Doses used were 6, 19, and 32 MKD, respectively. Results showed that after injection of Artemether for 15 successive days, the T, B, and T mu lymphocytes of the 19 and 32 MKD groups were markedly reduced and the T gamma lymphocytes of all 3 dosage groups were decreased to zero. 28 days after cessation of the drug, T, T mu and T gamma lymphocytes had recovered to control levels, while the B lymphocytes of the 19 and 32 MKD groups remained markedly lower than those of the control groups. The differences and similarities of the effects on the peripheral T, B, T mu and T gamma lymphocytes produced by the 3 dosages of Artemether and the relationship between the changes of T, B lymphocytes and immunological function of beagle dogs are discussed.
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Gu YX, Wang ZP, Cui YF, Liu XT. Effect of plant polysaccharides on T and B lymphocytes in tumor transplanted mice irradiated by X-ray. J TRADIT CHIN MED 1988; 8:277-81. [PMID: 3266777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Gu YX, Cui YF, Wang ZP, Liu XT. Effect of plant polysaccharides on T and B lymphocytes in normal and tumor transplanted mice. J TRADIT CHIN MED 1988; 8:198-202. [PMID: 3265166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Cui YF, Gu YX, Xu HC. Quantitative analysis of T and B lymphocytes and their subpopulations of irradiated mouse by scanning microspectrophotometry. Chin Med J (Engl) 1988; 101:473-7. [PMID: 3147841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Gu YX, Cui YF, Liu XT, Bai Y, Tan ZX, Zhang DF, Lu SG. Cytochemical classification of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. Chin Med J (Engl) 1987; 100:663-8. [PMID: 3129248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Gu YX, Cui YF, Liu XT. Variation of peripheral T-lymphocytes after total body irradiation in 9 patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia. Chin Med J (Engl) 1985; 98:72-4. [PMID: 3924503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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40
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Gu YX, Cui YF, Liu XT. Changes in peripheral T and B lymphocytes of rat after intravenous injection of 131I. Chin Med J (Engl) 1984; 97:775-6. [PMID: 6100441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Gu YX, Wang QR, Suen CY. Application of a multilayer decision tree in computer recognition of chinese characters. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 1983; 5:83-89. [PMID: 21869088 DOI: 10.1109/tpami.1983.4767349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A multistage classifier with general tree structure has been developed to recognize a large number of Chinese characters. A simple and efficient method of classifying the characters was achieved by choosing the best feature at each stage of the tree. The features used are Walsh coefficients obtained from two profiles of a character projected onto the X-Y orthogonal axes. Some algorithms for aligning the characters were compared and one of them was adopted in this recognition scheme. A high recognition rate of about 99.5 percent was obtained in an experiment with more than 3000 different Chinese characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y X Gu
- Department of Computer Science, Concordia University, Montreal, P.Q., H3G 1M8, Canada
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