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Wirth D, Özdemir E, Hristova K. Probing phosphorylation events in biological membranes: The transducer function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184362. [PMID: 38885782 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The extracellular environment is sensed by receptors in the plasma membrane. Some of these receptors initiate cytoplasmic signaling cascades involving phosphorylation: the addition of a phosphate group to a specific amino acid, such as tyrosine, in a protein. Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) are one large class of membrane receptors that can directly initiate signaling cascades through their intracellular kinase domains, which both catalyze tyrosine phosphorylation and get phosphorylated. In the first step of signaling, the ligands stabilize phosphorylation-competent RTK dimers and oligomers, which leads to the phosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues in the activation loop of the kinases. Here we discuss quantitative measurements of tyrosine phosphorylation efficiencies for RTKs, described by the "transducer function". The transducer function links the phosphorylation (the response) and the binding of the activating ligand to the receptor (the stimulus). We overview a methodology that allows such measurements in direct response to ligand binding. We discuss experiments which demonstrate that EGF is a partial agonist, and that two tyrosines in the intracellular domain of EGFR, Y1068 and Y1173, are differentially phosphorylated in the EGF-bound EGFR dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wirth
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America
| | - Ece Özdemir
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America.
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Gao F, You X, Yang L, Zou X, Sui B. Boosting immune responses in lung tumor immune microenvironment: A comprehensive review of strategies and adjuvants. Int Rev Immunol 2024:1-29. [PMID: 38525925 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2024.2333275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The immune system has a substantial impact on the growth and expansion of lung malignancies. Immune cells are encompassed by a stroma comprising an extracellular matrix (ECM) and different cells like stromal cells, which are known as the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). TME is marked by the presence of immunosuppressive factors, which inhibit the function of immune cells and expand tumor growth. In recent years, numerous strategies and adjuvants have been developed to extend immune responses in the TIME, to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. In this comprehensive review, we outline the present knowledge of immune evasion mechanisms in lung TIME, explain the biology of immune cells and diverse effectors on these components, and discuss various approaches for overcoming suppressive barriers. We highlight the potential of novel adjuvants, including toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, cytokines, phytochemicals, nanocarriers, and oncolytic viruses, for enhancing immune responses in the TME. Ultimately, we provide a summary of ongoing clinical trials investigating these strategies and adjuvants in lung cancer patients. This review also provides a broad overview of the current state-of-the-art in boosting immune responses in the TIME and highlights the potential of these approaches for improving outcomes in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoqing You
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Oncology, Da Qing Long Nan Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiangni Zou
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Bowen Sui
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Kiritani A, Amino Y, Uchibori K, Akita T, Harutani Y, Ogusu S, Tsugitomi R, Manabe R, Ariyasu R, Kitazono S, Yanagitani N, Nishio M. Efficacy of osimertinib in patients with EGFR-mutation positive non-small cell lung cancer with malignant pleural effusion. Thorac Cancer 2024; 15:402-409. [PMID: 38226415 PMCID: PMC10864115 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), osimertinib has emerged as a standard EGFR-mutation positive treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the efficacy of osimertinib for malignant pleural effusion (MPE) remains understudied. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of osimertinib on time to treatment failure (TTF) and overall survival (OS) in patients with EGFR-mutation positive NSCLC, comparing those with and without MPE. METHODS This retrospective analysis included patients with advanced or recurrent NSCLC treated with osimertinib at our hospital between April 2016 and June 2021. TTF was defined as the duration from osimertinib initiation to discontinuation, and OS as the duration until death, irrespective of the reason. RESULTS Among 229 patients receiving osimertinib, 84 had MPE before administration, 39 acquired EGFR exon20 T790M mutation following previous EGFR-TKI therapy, and 45 were EGFR-TKI-naive. Among EGFR-TKI-naive patients, median TTF was 14.8 and 19.8 months for those with and without MPE, respectively (hazard ratio [HR] 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90-2.18; p = 0.12). Median OS was 32.0 and 42.0 months for patients with and without MPE, respectively (HR 1.43; 95% CI: 0.86-2.38; p = 0.16). Among patients with T790M mutation, median TTF was 12.3 and 13.1 months for patients with and without MPE, respectively (HR 1.03; 95% CI: 0.69-1.55; p = 0.88). Median OS for patients with and without MPE was 23.2 and 24.7 months, respectively (HR 1.09; 95% CI: 0.72-1.67; p = 0.68). CONCLUSION Among patients with EGFR-mutation positive NSCLC, the evidence of MPE has little effect on survival with osimertinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayu Kiritani
- Department of Respiratory MedicineJikei University School of MedicineMinatoJapan
- Department of Thoracic Medical OncologyCancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchKotoJapan
| | - Yoshiaki Amino
- Department of Thoracic Medical OncologyCancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchKotoJapan
| | - Ken Uchibori
- Department of Thoracic Medical OncologyCancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchKotoJapan
| | - Takahiro Akita
- Department of Thoracic Medical OncologyCancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchKotoJapan
- Department of Respiratory MedicineHachinohe City HospitalHachinoheJapan
| | - Yuhei Harutani
- Department of Thoracic Medical OncologyCancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchKotoJapan
- Department of Internal Medicine IIIWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Shinsuke Ogusu
- Department of Thoracic Medical OncologyCancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchKotoJapan
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medicine, Saga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Ryosuke Tsugitomi
- Department of Thoracic Medical OncologyCancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchKotoJapan
| | - Ryo Manabe
- Department of Thoracic Medical OncologyCancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchKotoJapan
- Division of Allergology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal MedicineShowa University School of MedicineShinagawaJapan
| | - Ryo Ariyasu
- Department of Thoracic Medical OncologyCancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchKotoJapan
| | - Satoru Kitazono
- Department of Thoracic Medical OncologyCancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchKotoJapan
| | - Noriko Yanagitani
- Department of Thoracic Medical OncologyCancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchKotoJapan
| | - Makoto Nishio
- Department of Thoracic Medical OncologyCancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchKotoJapan
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Nath R, Baishya S, Nath D, Nahar L, Sarker SD, Choudhury MD, Talukdar AD. Identifying druggable targets from active constituents of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. for non-small cell lung cancer using network pharmacology and validation through molecular docking. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023; 34:855-868. [PMID: 37337376 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Azadirachta indica A. Juss. is a well-known medicinal plant that has been used traditionally to cure various ailments in every corner of the globe. There are many in vitro and in vivo experimental evidences in connection with the bioactivity of the extracts of this plant. Lung cancer is the deadliest form of cancer and contributes to the most cancer related deaths. The mode of action of anticancer components of this plant is still to be established explicitly. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to identify druggable targets of active constituents of A. indica A. Juss. for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using network pharmacology and validation of activity through molecular docking analysis. METHODOLOGY Targets of all the active phytochemicals from A. indica were predicted and genes related to NSCLC were retrieved. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the overlapping genes were prepared. Various databases and servers were employed to analyse the disease pathway enrichment analysis of the clustered genes. Validation of the gene/protein activity was achieved by performing molecular docking, and ADMET profiling of selected phytocompounds was performed. RESULT Gene networking revealed three key target genes as EGFR, BRAF and PIK3CA against NSCLC by the active components of A. indica. Molecular docking and ADMET analysis further validated that desacetylnimbin, nimbandiol, nimbin, nimbinene, nimbolide, salannin and vepinin are the best suited anti- NSCLC among all the phytocompounds present in this plant. CONCLUSION The present study has provided a better understanding of the pharmacological effects of active components from A. indica and its potential therapeutic effect on NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Nath
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Somorita Baishya
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Deepa Nath
- Department of Botany, Guru Charan College, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Lutfun Nahar
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Satyajit D Sarker
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Anupam Das Talukdar
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
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Peña KB, Riu F, Hernandez A, Guilarte C, Elizalde-Horcada M, Parada D. Study of Liquid-Based Cytology Using Next-Generation Sequencing as a Liquid Biopsy Application in Patients with Advanced Oncological Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1578. [PMID: 37371673 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with advanced cancer, it is necessary to detect driver mutations and genetic arrangements. If a mutation is found, targeted therapy may become an option. However, in most patients with advanced cancer, obtaining material can be challenging, and these determinations must be made based on small biopsies or cytologic samples. We analyzed the ability of liquid-based cytology to determine the mutational status in patients with advanced cancer by next-generation sequencing. We studied cytologic samples from 28 patients between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2022. All samples were processed by next-generation sequencing using the Oncomine® Precision and Comprehensive Assay Panels for Solid Tumors. Eleven male and 17 female patients with a median age of 63.75 years were included. Clinical stage IV was predominant in 21 patients. Eleven patients died, and 17 survived. The DNA and RNA concentrations were 10.53 ng/µL and 13 ng/µL, respectively. Eleven patients showed actionable mutations, and 17 showed other genomic alterations. Liquid-based cytology can be used as a component of liquid biopsy, as it allows the identification of actionable mutations in patients with advanced oncological disease. Our findings expand the utility of liquid biopsy from different body fluids or cell aspirates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Beatríz Peña
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, 43202 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, 43202 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francesc Riu
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, 43202 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, 43202 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Hernandez
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, 43202 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, 43202 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carmen Guilarte
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, 43202 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - David Parada
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, 43202 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, 43202 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
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Nguyen TT, Hamdan D, Angeli E, Feugeas JP, Le QV, Pamoukdjian F, Bousquet G. Genomics of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases: A Meta-Analysis and Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061728. [PMID: 36980614 PMCID: PMC10046845 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer brain metastases are a challenging daily practice, and the biological link between gene mutations and metastatic spread to the brain remains to be determined. Here, we performed a meta-analysis on genomic data obtained from primary tumors, extracerebral metastases and brain metastases, to identify gene alterations associated with metastatic processes in the brain. Articles with relevant findings were selected using Medline via PubMed, from January 1999 up to February 2022. A critical review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis statement (PRISMA). Fifty-seven publications were selected for this meta-analysis, including 37,218 patients in all, 11,906 primary tumor samples, 5541 extracerebral metastasis samples, and 1485 brain metastasis samples. We report the overall and sub-group prevalence of gene mutations, including comparisons between primary tumors, extracerebral metastases and brain metastases. In particular, we identified six genes with a higher mutation prevalence in brain metastases than in extracerebral metastases, with a potential role in metastatic processes in the brain: ESR1, ERBB2, EGFR, PTEN, BRCA2 and NOTCH1. We discuss here the therapeutic implications. Our results underline the added value of obtaining biopsies from brain metastases to fully explore their biology, in order to develop personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Thi Nguyen
- National Cancer Hospital, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Cité, UMR_S942 MASCOT, 75006 Paris, France (F.P.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanoi Medical University, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
- Institut Galilée, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93439 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Diaddin Hamdan
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Cité, UMR_S942 MASCOT, 75006 Paris, France (F.P.)
- Hôpital La Porte Verte, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Eurydice Angeli
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Cité, UMR_S942 MASCOT, 75006 Paris, France (F.P.)
- Institut Galilée, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93439 Villetaneuse, France
- Service d’Oncologie Médicale, Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Jean-Paul Feugeas
- INSERM U1098, 25030 Besançon, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Université de Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
- Correspondence: (J.-P.F.); (G.B.)
| | - Quang Van Le
- National Cancer Hospital, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Cité, UMR_S942 MASCOT, 75006 Paris, France (F.P.)
| | - Frédéric Pamoukdjian
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Cité, UMR_S942 MASCOT, 75006 Paris, France (F.P.)
- Institut Galilée, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93439 Villetaneuse, France
- Service de Médecine Gériatrique, Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Guilhem Bousquet
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Cité, UMR_S942 MASCOT, 75006 Paris, France (F.P.)
- Institut Galilée, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93439 Villetaneuse, France
- Service d’Oncologie Médicale, Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 93000 Bobigny, France
- Correspondence: (J.-P.F.); (G.B.)
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Xu J, Xiong Y, Xu Z, Xing H, Zhou L, Zhang X. From targeted therapy to a novel way: Immunogenic cell death in lung cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1102550. [PMID: 36619616 PMCID: PMC9816397 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1102550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most incident malignancies and a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Common tumorigenic drivers of LC mainly include genetic alterations of EGFR, ALK, KRAS, BRAF, ROS1, and MET. Small inhibitory molecules and antibodies selectively targeting these alterations or/and their downstream signaling pathways have been approved for treatment of LC. Unfortunately, following initial positive responses to these targeted therapies, a large number of patients show dismal prognosis due to the occurrence of resistance mechanisms, such as novel mutations of these genes and activation of alternative signaling pathways. Over the past decade, it has become clear that there is no possible cure for LC unless potent antitumor immune responses are induced by therapeutic intervention. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a newly emerged concept, a form of regulated cell death that is sufficient to activate adaptive immune responses against tumor cells. It transforms dying cancer cells into a therapeutic vaccine and stimulates long-lasting protective antitumor immunity. In this review, we discuss the key targetable genetic aberrations and the underlying mechanism of ICD in LC. Various agents inducing ICD are summarized and the possibility of harnessing ICD in LC immunotherapy is further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Xu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yiyi Xiong
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongquan Xing
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lingyun Zhou
- International Education College, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Lingyun Zhou,
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,Xinyi Zhang,
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Zhao J, Liu B, Liu N, Zhang B, He X, Ma Q, Wang Y. The role of angiogenesis in malignant pleural effusion: from basic research to clinical application. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:4879-4891. [PMID: 36504886 PMCID: PMC9729901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is associated with advanced stages of various malignant diseases, especially lung cancer, and is a poor prognostic indicator in these patients. However, the management of MPE remains palliative. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of MPE may lead to the development of new and more effective therapeutic options. Here, we shed light on recent advances in the mechanisms of MPE formation and provide an overview of current targeted therapies for the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway. We also retrospectively enrolled 19 patients with lung adenocarcinoma from the West China Hospital to analyze the efficacy of bevacizumab for MPE using different routes of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaPeople’s South Road, Section 4, Number 55, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Benxia Zhang
- Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia He
- Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qizhi Ma
- Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, China,Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, Sichuan, China
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9
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The benefit of anti-angiogenic therapy in EGFR exon 21 L858R mutant non-small cell lung cancer patients: a retrospective study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14624. [PMID: 36028744 PMCID: PMC9418331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18889-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 21 L858R substitution benefit less from standard EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment, and whether anti-angiogenic therapy was beneficial to the EGFR L858R subpopulation was inconclusive. A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the survival benefit and the target characteristics of the anti-angiogenic agent in the EGFR L858R patients in our center, comparing those treated with or without anti-angiogenic therapy (cohort A and cohort B). At the median follow-up time of 31.0 months vs 32.7 months (cohort A vs. B) respectively, Cohort A (n = 58) had a significantly prolonged median OS compared to Cohort B (n = 101) (60.0 months vs.37.0 months, HR 0.51, p = 0.016). Anti-angiogenic therapy significantly prolonged the OS in patients with liver metastases (NA vs.26.0 months, HR 0.17, p = 0.023) comparing to patients without liver metastases (60.0 months vs.37.0 months, HR 0.63, p = 0.129). For brain metastatic patients, anti-angiogenic treatment tended to improve median OS with (65.0 months vs.35.0 months, HR 0.29, p = 0.068) or without brain radiotherapy (73.0 months vs.29.0 months, HR 0.24, p = 0.171). The grade 3 or more adverse events were manageable and consistent with previous studies. Patients with EGFR L858R mutation treated with anti-angiogenic therapy in their course of treatment had a significantly prolonged OS compared to those who had never received an anti-angiogenic agent. Patients with liver metastases might benefit more from anti-angiogenic therapy than those without.
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10
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Spence T, Dubuc AM. Copy Number Analysis in Cancer Diagnostic Testing. Clin Lab Med 2022; 42:451-468. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Comparison of the efficacy and safety of first-line treatments based on clinicopathological characteristics for patients with advanced epidermal growth factor receptor mutated non-small-cell lung cancer: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 177:103760. [PMID: 35870763 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing number of regimens have been approved as first-line treatments for patients with advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutated non-small cell lung cancer. However, the optimal regimen has not been determined, especially for patients with different clinicopathological characteristics. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of first-line treatments for patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC based on clinicopathological characteristics, thereby providing evidence for individual patient clinical decision-making. METHODS The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library databases, and abstracts of ASCO, ESMO, and WCLC were searched from inception to 3 June 2021 to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The outcomes of progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and grade 3 or higher adverse events (≥3AEs) were compared and ranked based on various clinicopathological characteristics among 14 regimens by network meta-analysis (NMA) and the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA), respectively. RESULTS 25 RCTs were included, with a total of 6965 patients and 14 treatment regimens. The primary endpoint of all RCTs was PFS, and OS, ORR, and ≥3AEs were secondary endpoints. Regarding overall patients, the most distinct PFS benefit was observed in osimertinib (OSI), with the fewest ≥3AEs, whereas gefitinib plus pemetrexed-based chemotherapy (GEF+PB) provided the greatest benefit for OS. When considering EGFR mutation type, aumolertinib (AUM) and GEF+PB could be the optimal regimens in terms of PFS for patients with EGFR 19DEL and EGFR 21L858R, respectively. Notably, the efficacy of the 14 regimens for PFS varied across clinicopathological characteristics, with GEP+PB ranking first in Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS)= 1, Asian, age<65 and smoking subgroups, with AUM ranking first in ECOG PS= 0 and female subgroups, with ICO+PB ranking first in age ≥65 and no smoking subgroups, and with AFA+CET ranking first in the male subgroup. In terms of brain metastases, third-generation EGFR-TKI showed obvious superiority, with AUM and OSI optimally prolonging PFS in patients with and without brain metastases, respectively. In addition, GEF+PB is a superior alternative, ranking second in terms of PFS regardless of the presence of brain metastases. CONCLUSIONS OSI and GEF+PB were the most two effective first-line regimens for overall patients, ranking first in PFS and OS, respectively. GEF+PB ranked first in terms of PFS in subgroups of EGFR 21L858R, ECOG PS= 1, Asian, age <65, and smoking. Meanwhile, AUM in subgroups of EGFR 19DEL, ECOG PS= 0, female, brain metastasis, OSI in the subgroup of without brain metastasis, ICO+PB in no smoking subgroup, and AFA+CET in male subgroup were the best options as for their evident superiority in PFS.
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Pham M, Pham Q, Nguyen U, Nguyen L, Nguyen H, Vu T, Nguyen B, Stenman J, Tho H. Highly sensitive detection of EGFR L858R mutation at the mRNA level. Anal Biochem 2022; 654:114799. [PMID: 35780814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The missense mutation EGFR L858R implies increased sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKIs) therapy, despite a significant non-response rate. Currently, detection of EGFR L858R mutation is mostly DNA based, therefore, the allele-specific expression level of the mutated gene and its clinical relevance is hidden. Based on the extendable blocking probes and hot-start protocol for reverse transcription, we have developed and validated a novel one-step realtime RT-PCR assay that enables detection of EGFR L858R mutation at the mRNA level. This RNA-based assay was able to detect the EGFR L858R mutation in a 10,000-fold excess of its wildtype counterpart, indicating an analytical sensitivity of 0.01%. In comparison to the reference DNA-based assay, the RNA-based assay further detected the EGFR L858R mutation in significantly additional formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples (19.2% vs 15.0%). Interestingly, our data showed that the relative mRNA levels of EGFR L858R mutation varied greatly in tumor tissues (∼4 logs); and the circulating mRNA of EGFR L858R mutation was detectable in plasma of NSCLC patients. This novel RNA-based PCR assay provides a simple and ultrasensitive tool for detection of EGFR L858R mutation at the mRNA level as a new class of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Pham
- Department of Oncology, 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, 100000, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Department of Oncology, Hanoi Medical University, 100000, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Quynh Pham
- Department of Genomics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy (IBP), Vietnam Military Medical University, 222 Phung Hung Street, Ha Dong District, 100000, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Ung Nguyen
- Department of Genomics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy (IBP), Vietnam Military Medical University, 222 Phung Hung Street, Ha Dong District, 100000, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Lanh Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Viet Duc Hospital, 40 Trang Thi, Hoan Kiem, 100000, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hoa Nguyen
- Medical Department 2, National Cancer Hospital, 100000, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thang Vu
- Medical Department 4, National Cancer Hospital, 100000, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Ba Nguyen
- Department of Oncology, 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, 100000, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Jakob Stenman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ho Tho
- Department of Genomics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy (IBP), Vietnam Military Medical University, 222 Phung Hung Street, Ha Dong District, 100000, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Department of Medical Microbiology, 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Medical University, 100000, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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13
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Nokihara H, Ogino H, Mitsuhashi A, Kondo K, Ogawa E, Ozaki R, Yabuki Y, Yoneda H, Otsuka K, Nishioka Y. Efficacy of osimertinib in epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer patients with pleural effusion. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:597. [PMID: 35650550 PMCID: PMC9158359 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09701-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osimertinib is a standard first-line treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. Although malignant pleural effusion (PE) is a common clinical problem in NSCLC, information about the efficacy of osimertinib in patients with PE is limited, especially regarding its efficacy in EGFR T790M-negative patients with PE remains unclear. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations who were treated with osimertinib in our institution between May 2016 and December 2020. Results A total of 63 patients with EGFR mutated NSCLC were treated with osimertinib; 33 (12 with PE) had no EGFR T790M mutation, while 30 (12 with PE) had EGFR T790M mutation. In EGFR T790M-negative NSCLC, the progression-free survival (PFS) of the patients with PE was comparable to that of the patients without PE (median PFS 19.8 vs. 19.8 months, p = 0.693). In EGFR T790M- positive NSCLC, the PFS and overall survival (OS) of the patients with PE were significantly shorter than those of the patients without PE (median PFS 16.8 vs. 8.3 months, p = 0.003; median OS 44.9 vs. 14.2 months, p = 0.007). In the multivariate analysis, the presence of PE was independently associated with shorter PFS and OS in EGFR T790M-positive NSCLC patients, but not EGFR T790M-negative patients. Conclusions These data suggest the efficacy of osimertinib may differ between EGFR T790M-positive and -negative NSCLC patients with PE. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09701-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nokihara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan. .,Present Address: Respiratory Medicine, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
| | - Hirokazu Ogino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kondo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ei Ogawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ryohiko Ozaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yohei Yabuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroto Yoneda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kenji Otsuka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Nishioka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
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14
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Garinet S, Wang P, Mansuet-Lupo A, Fournel L, Wislez M, Blons H. Updated Prognostic Factors in Localized NSCLC. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061400. [PMID: 35326552 PMCID: PMC8945995 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents 80% of lung cancer subtypes. Patients with localized non-small cell lung cancer may be considered for upfront surgical treatment. However, the overall 5-year survival rate is 59%. To improve survival, adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) was largely explored and showed an overall benefit of survival at 5 years < 7%. The evaluation of recurrence risk and subsequent need for ACT is only based on tumor stage (TNM classification); however, more than 25% of patients with stage IA/B tumors will relapse. Recently, adjuvant targeted therapy has been approved for EGFR-mutated resected NSCLC and trials are evaluating other targeted therapies and immunotherapies in adjuvant settings. Costs, treatment duration, emergence of resistant clones and side effects stress the need for a better selection of patients. The identification and validation of prognostic and theranostic markers to better stratify patients who could benefit from adjuvant therapies are needed. In this review, we report current validated clinical, pathological and molecular prognosis biomarkers that influence outcome in resected NSCLC, and we also describe molecular biomarkers under evaluation that could be available in daily practice to drive ACT in resected NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Garinet
- Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Oncology Unit, Biochemistry Department, Assistance Publique—Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France;
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS-1138, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Wang
- Oncology Thoracic Unit, Pulmonology Department, Assistance Publique—Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; (P.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Audrey Mansuet-Lupo
- Pathology Department, Assistance Publique—Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France;
| | - Ludovic Fournel
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Assistance Publique—Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France;
| | - Marie Wislez
- Oncology Thoracic Unit, Pulmonology Department, Assistance Publique—Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; (P.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Hélène Blons
- Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Oncology Unit, Biochemistry Department, Assistance Publique—Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France;
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS-1138, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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Han CL, Chen XR, Lan A, Hsu YL, Wu PS, Hung PF, Hung CL, Pan SH. N-glycosylated GPNMB ligand independently activates mutated EGFR signaling and promotes metastasis in NSCLC. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1911-1923. [PMID: 33706413 PMCID: PMC8088973 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. As well as the identified role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), its association with driver mutations has improved the therapeutics for patients with lung cancer harboring EGFR mutations. These patients usually display shorter overall survival and a higher tendency to develop distant metastasis compared with those carrying the wild‐type EGFR. Nevertheless, the way to control mutated EGFR signaling remains unclear. Here, we performed membrane proteomic analysis to determine potential components that may act with EGFR mutations to promote lung cancer malignancy. Expression of transmembrane glycoprotein non‐metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) was positively correlated with the status of mutated EGFR in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This protein was not only overexpressed but also highly glycosylated in EGFR‐mutated, especially EGFR‐L858R mutated, NSCLC cells. Further examination showed that GPNMB could activate mutated EGFR without ligand stimulation and could bind to the C‐terminus of EGFR, assist phosphorylation at Y845, turn on downstream STAT3 signaling, and promote cancer metastasis. Moreover, we also found that Asn134 (N134) glycosylation of GPNMB played a crucial role in this ligand‐independent regulation. Depleting N134‐glycosylation on GPNMB could dramatically inhibit binding of GPNMB to mutated EGFR, blocking its downstream signaling, and ultimately inhibiting cancer metastasis in NSCLC. Clarifying the role of N‐glycosylated GPNMB in regulating the ligand‐independent activation of mutated EGFR may soon give new insight into the development of novel therapeutics for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Li Han
- Master Program in Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xuan-Ren Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Albert Lan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Wu
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fang Hung
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Lieh Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Hua Pan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Doctoral Degree Program of Translational Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Rational Application of First-Line EGFR-TKIs Combined with Antiangiogenic Inhibitors in Advanced EGFR-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8850256. [PMID: 33575349 PMCID: PMC7861921 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8850256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to compare the difference in efficacy and safety between epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) with antiangiogenic inhibitors (A + T) and EGFR-TKI monotherapy in patients with treatment-naïve advanced EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane electronic databases were searched for relevant RCTs. Meeting abstracts were also reviewed to identify appropriate studies. The endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), 1- and 2-year OS rates, objective response rate (ORR), and grade ≥ 3 adverse events. All pooled outcomes were expressed using hazard ratios (HRs) or relative risk ratios (RRs). Results Data were collected from six eligible RCTs, which included 1,244 participants (619 in the A + T group and 625 in the TKI alone group). PFS was significantly improved with A + T compared to TKI alone (HR = 0.60; P < 0.01) regardless of EGFR mutation types (exon 19 deletion or L858R) and brain metastasis status (with or without brain metastases). There was no significant difference in median OS between the A + T and TKI alone groups (HR = 0.933; P = 0.551) regardless of EGFR mutation type. The ORR for A + T combination therapy was significantly increased compared to TKI monotherapy in exon 19 deletion subgroups (RR = 0.774; P = 0.008). There was no difference in the positive rates of acquired T790M mutation between the two groups (RR = 0.967; P = 0.846). More patients in the TKI alone group received a variety of subsequent systemic treatments than those in the A + T group (RR = 0.881; P = 0.002). Conclusion Addition of antiangiogenic inhibitors to first-line EGFR-TKI therapy significantly reduced the risk of disease progression for patients with advanced EGFR-mutant NSCLC regardless of EGFR mutation type and brain metastasis status. The lack of OS benefit may be explained by differences in subsequent treatments rather than drug resistance mechanisms.
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17
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Bioinformatics Analyses Reveals a Comprehensive Landscape of CXC Chemokine Family Functions in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6686158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Backgrounds. Lung cancer is a major source of tumor-related death each year with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being a prevalent subtype. The metastasis from NSCLC to the brain usually imposes many neuron disorders. Previous studies have suggested that communications among cancer cells and interstitial cells are essential in tumorigenesis and are influenced by chemokines. In the tumor microenvironment, CXC chemokines can participate in the shifting of immune cells and manage tumor cell condition, thus affecting the progression of cancer and patient destinies. However, the expression and values of CXC chemokine family in NSCLC have not been systematically illustrated using public databases. Methods. UALCAN, STRING, ONCOMINE, GeneMANIA, cBioPortal, GEPIA, TISIDB, TRRUST, TIMER, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, and R software were utilized in this study. Results. Based on the TIMER and UACLCAN databases, in LUAD patients, the expression levels of CXCL10, CXCL13, and CXCL14 were significantly elevated while the transcriptional levels of CXCL2/3/4/7/12/16 were significantly reduced; in LUSC patients, the expression levels of CXCL6/10/13/14 were significantly elevated while the expression levels of CXCL2/3/4/5/7/11/12/16/17 were significantly reduced. We found remarkable relevance between the pathological stages of LUAD patients and the expressions of CXCL8 (positive) and CXCL17 (negative). Similarly, there are significant correlations between the pathological stages of LUSC patients and the expressions of CXCL1/2/6/17. In LUAD, patients with low expression levels of CXCL1/4/7/8 and patients with high expression levels of CXCL12/14/16 were associated with a significantly better prognosis. But in LUSC, all correlations between chemokines and prognosis are statistically insignificant. Pairwise expression correlation analysis among CXC chemokines shows that there are 7 significant correlations (between CXCL1 and CXCL2, between CXCL1 and CXCL3, between CXCL1 and CXCL8, between CXCL2 and CXCL3, between CXCL4 and CXCL7, between CXCL9 and CXCL10, and between CXCL9 and CXCL11) in LUAD and 4 significant correlations (between CXCL1 and CXCL8, between CXCL2 and CXCL3, between CXCL4 and CXCL7, and between CXCL10 and CXCL11) in LUSC. Significant correlations between the expressions of CXC chemokines and the infiltration of six common types of immune cells were also discovered in both LUAD and LUSC. Conclusions. We provided a comprehensive landscape of the CXC chemokine family in LUAD and LUSC using the bioinformatics method and found differences between LUSC and LUAD in the field of CXC chemokines. Our study may help validate and identify known novel immunotherapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers.
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Yang S, Xia J, Yang Z, Xu M, Li S. Lung cancer molecular mutations and abnormal glycosylation as biomarkers for early diagnosis. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 27:100311. [PMID: 33465560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in tumor-related deaths in the world. Early detection of tumors can greatly improve the survival rate of patients. However, the lack of reliable blood biomarkers remains a major challenge for early diagnosis. The blood proteins secreted by the lung bronchi and bronchial arteries may have characteristic glycosylation patterns associated with tumors, which are different from normal physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we outline the oncogenic drivers, signaling pathways related to KRAS, gene and protein mutations, and oncogenic regulation of protein glycosylation. Based on to the TCGA transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics data, we discussed oncogene and glycoproteins detected in the blood as tumor biomarkers. We hypothesize that glycoproteins whose glycosylation can be reversed by targeted drugs may serve as potential tumor biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Jun Xia
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Zeren Yang
- Applied Biomimetic, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Mingming Xu
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Shuwei Li
- Nanjing Apollomics Biotech, Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210033, China
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Novikov NM, Zolotaryova SY, Gautreau AM, Denisov EV. Mutational drivers of cancer cell migration and invasion. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:102-114. [PMID: 33204027 PMCID: PMC7784720 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability and mutations underlie the hallmarks of cancer-genetic alterations determine cancer cell fate by affecting cell proliferation, apoptosis and immune response, and increasing data show that mutations are involved in metastasis, a crucial event in cancer progression and a life-threatening problem in cancer patients. Invasion is the first step in the metastatic cascade, when tumour cells acquire the ability to move, penetrate into the surrounding tissue and enter lymphatic and blood vessels in order to disseminate. A role for genetic alterations in invasion is not universally accepted, with sceptics arguing that cellular motility is related only to external factors such as hypoxia, chemoattractants and the rigidity of the extracellular matrix. However, increasing evidence shows that mutations might trigger and accelerate the migration and invasion of different types of cancer cells. In this review, we summarise data from published literature on the effect of chromosomal instability and genetic mutations on cancer cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita M Novikov
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sofia Y Zolotaryova
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexis M Gautreau
- CNRS UMR7654, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Denisov
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.
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Smit MJ, Schlecht-Louf G, Neves M, van den Bor J, Penela P, Siderius M, Bachelerie F, Mayor F. The CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 Axis in the Tumor Microenvironment: Signaling, Crosstalk, and Therapeutic Targeting. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 61:541-563. [PMID: 32956018 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010919-023340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Elevated expression of the chemokine receptors CXCR4 and ACKR3 and of their cognate ligand CXCL12 is detected in a wide range of tumors and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Yet, the molecular mechanisms by which the CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 axis contributes to the pathogenesis are complex and not fully understood. To dissect the role of this axis in cancer, we discuss its ability to impinge on canonical and less conventional signaling networks in different cancer cell types; its bidirectional crosstalk, notably with receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and other factors present in the TME; and the infiltration of immune cells that supporttumor progression. We discuss current and emerging avenues that target the CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 axis. Coordinately targeting both RTKs and CXCR4/ACKR3 and/or CXCL12 is an attractive approach to consider in multitargeted cancer therapies. In addition, inhibiting infiltrating immune cells or reactivating the immune system along with modulating the CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 axis in the TME has therapeutic promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine J Smit
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, Netherlands;
| | - Géraldine Schlecht-Louf
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - Maria Neves
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, 92140 Clamart, France.,Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC/UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jelle van den Bor
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, Netherlands;
| | - Petronila Penela
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC/UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Siderius
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, Netherlands;
| | - Françoise Bachelerie
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - Federico Mayor
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC/UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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21
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Masago K, Seto K, Fujita S, Sasaki E, Hosoda W, Kuroda H. Long-Term Recurrence of Completely Resected NSCLC. JTO Clin Res Rep 2020; 1:100076. [PMID: 34589953 PMCID: PMC8474471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2020.100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical backgrounds, including driver mutations, of those patients with early stage NSCLC who experienced recurrence beyond 5 years after complete resection. Methods We used a cohort of 512 consecutive cases of surgically resected NSCLC without other malignances from 2006 to 2011 in Aichi Cancer Center Hospital. The inclusion criteria for this cohort were patients with primary NSCLC who underwent a surgically curable operation. Results A total of 172 patients (32.8%) had recurrence after the surgery. Among the recurrent cases, 17 patients (3.3%) had a relapse more than 5 years after the surgery, and all except one (16 of 17, 94.1%) had driver mutations, including gene rearrangements. Conclusions Even in early stage NSCLC after complete resection, it was found that some cases had a relapse more than 5 years after the surgery. Most of these cases had some kind of driver mutations; so more than 5 years of postoperative surveillance may be beneficial, especially in those with driver gene mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Masago
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Seto
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shiro Fujita
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eiichi Sasaki
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Waki Hosoda
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kuroda
- Department of Respiratory Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
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22
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Li WQ, Cui JW. Non-small cell lung cancer patients with ex19del or exon 21 L858R mutation: distinct mechanisms, different efficacies to treatments. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:2329-2338. [PMID: 32596787 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03296-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With the development of antitumor therapies, different treatment methods including monotherapy and combined therapy have achieved clinical efficacy in advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Exon 19 deletion (ex19del) and exon 21 L858R mutation are common sensitive subtypes of EGFR mutation. However, potential distinct mechanisms are found from several dimensions including molecular structures, biological behaviors, concomitant mutations, resistance mechanisms and tumor mutation burdens. More evidence indicates the prognostic difference of EGFR subgroups. This review focused on the progress of potential distinct mechanisms and outcomes in clinical trials of advanced NSCLC patients with ex19del or exon 21 L858R mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-Q Li
- Department of Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - J-W Cui
- Department of Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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23
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Yu YY, Chiou HL, Tsao SM, Huang CC, Lin CY, Lee CY, Tsao TCY, Yang SF, Huang YW. Association of Carbonic Anhydrase 9 Polymorphism and the Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor Mutations in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10050266. [PMID: 32365566 PMCID: PMC7277165 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10050266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) plays a vital role in lung cancer progression. The current study explored the effect of CA9 gene polymorphisms and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations on the clinicopathological characters of lung adenocarcinoma. In this study, three loci of CA9 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs2071676 A>G, rs3829078 A>G, and rs1048638 C>A) were genotyped using the TaqMan allelic discrimination method in 193 EGFR wild type individuals and 281 EGFR mutation subjects. After adjusting for age, gender, and cigarette smoking status in logistic regression, all three CA9 SNPs illustrated a non-significant difference for the distribution between the EGFR wild type group and EGFR mutation group. Nevertheless, a significantly lower rate of CA9 SNP rs2071676 AG (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.16-0.95, p = 0.039) and AG+GG (AOR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.18-0.98, p = 0.046) were found in the male population with L858R EGFR mutation compared to men with EGFR wild type. In addition, the CA9 SNP rs2071676 AG+GG genotype were significantly correlated to the lower tumor stage of lung adenocarcinoma in the whole study population (p = 0.044) and EGFR wild type individuals (p = 0.033). For the male population, the presence of CA9 SNP rs2071676 AG+GG genotype was also correlated to a lower tumor stage (p = 0.037) and fewer lymph node invasion (p = 0.003) in those with EGFR wild type. In conclusion, the existence of CA9 SNP rs2071676 is associated with the rate of EGFR L858R mutation in males. Furthermore, the CA9 SNP rs2071676 is correlated to lower tumor stage and lower risk for developing lymph node metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma, mainly in the EGFR wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yen Yu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changhua Hospital, Changhua 513, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Chiou
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Tsao
- Division of Chest, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (S.-M.T.); (T.C.-Y.T.)
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Cheng Huang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung 403, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Yun Lin
- Department of Health, Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Changhua Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Yi Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
| | - Thomas Chang-Yao Tsao
- Division of Chest, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (S.-M.T.); (T.C.-Y.T.)
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-F.Y.); (Y.-W.H.)
| | - Yi-Wen Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Health, Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Changhua Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (S.-F.Y.); (Y.-W.H.)
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24
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Neves M, Perpiñá-Viciano C, Penela P, Hoffmann C, Mayor F. Modulation of CXCR4-Mediated Gi1 Activation by EGF Receptor and GRK2. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:627-634. [PMID: 33073183 PMCID: PMC7553016 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The CXCL12 chemokine
receptor CXCR4 belongs to the GPCR superfamily
and is often overexpressed in cancer, being involved in tumor progression
and metastasis. How CXCR4 signaling integrates with other relevant
oncogenic transduction pathways and the role of GPCR regulatory mechanisms
in such contexts are not well-understood. Recent data indicate concurrent
upregulation in certain tumors of CXCR4, EGF receptor (EGFR), and
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), a signaling node functionally
linked to both receptor types. We have investigated in a model system
the effect of the EGFR and GRK2 status on CXCL12/CXCR4-mediated activation
of Gi, the earliest step downstream of receptor activation. We find
that overexpressed and activated EGFR reduces CXCR4-mediated Gi1 activation
and that GRK2 phosphorylation at tyrosine residues is required to
exert its inhibitory actions on CXCR4–Gi stimulation, suggesting
a shared path of modulation. Our data point to a role for GRK2 in
the crosstalk of the CXCR4 and EGFR signal transduction pathways in
pathological contexts characterized by concurrent overactivation of
these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Neves
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC/UAM), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Perpiñá-Viciano
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Petronila Penela
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC/UAM), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Federico Mayor
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC/UAM), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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25
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Ruan X, Sun Y, Wang W, Ye J, Zhang D, Gong Z, Yang M. Multiplexed molecular profiling of lung cancer with malignant pleural effusion using next generation sequencing in Chinese patients. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3495-3505. [PMID: 32269623 PMCID: PMC7115151 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer and the leading cause of cancer-associated death worldwide. Malignant pleural effusion (MPE), which is observed in ~50% of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases, and most frequently in lung adenocarcinoma, is a common complication of stage III-IV NSCLC, and it can be used to predict a poor prognosis. In the present study, multiple oncogene mutations were detected, including 17 genes closely associated with initiation of advanced lung cancer, in 108 MPE samples using next generation sequencing (NGS). The NGS data of the present study had broader coverage, deeper sequencing depth and higher capture efficiency compared with NGS findings of previous studies on MPE. In the present study, using NGS, it was demonstrated that 93 patients (86%) harbored EGFR mutations and 62 patients possessed mutations in EGFR exons 18-21, which are targets of available treatment agents. EGFR L858R and exon 19 indel mutations were the most frequently observed alterations, with frequencies of 31 and 25%, respectively. In 1 patient, an EGFR amplification was identified and 6 patients possessed a T790M mutation. ALK + EML4 gene fusions were identified in 6 patients, a ROS1 + CD74 gene fusion was detected in 1 patient and 10 patients possessed a BIM (also known as BCL2L11) 2,903-bp intron deletion. In 4 patients, significant KRAS mutations (G12D, G12S, G13C and A146T) were observed, which are associated with resistance to afatinib, icotinib, erlotinib and gefitinib. There were 83 patients with ERBB2 mutations, but only two of these mutations were targets of available treatments. The results of the present study indicate that MPE is a reliable specimen for NGS based detection of somatic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingya Ruan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Yonghua Sun
- Shanghai YunYing Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai YunYing Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Ye
- Shanghai YunYing Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Daoyun Zhang
- Shanghai YunYing Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Ziying Gong
- Shanghai YunYing Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Mingxia Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
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26
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Du Y, Guo X, Wang R, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Dong L, Wu J, Ji X, Wang H. The Correlation between EGFR Mutation Status and DNA Content of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells in Pleural Effusion. J Cancer 2020; 11:2265-2272. [PMID: 32127953 PMCID: PMC7052916 DOI: 10.7150/jca.38615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Lung adenocarcinomas with or without epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations have shown different drug effects against EGFR inhibitors. But it is not very clear if EGFR mutation status affects the biological behavior of lung adenocarcinoma, because tumor gene regulation is very complicated and can be affected by many factors. We aimed to explore if EGFR mutation status is related with tumor malignant degree by investigating the relevance of EGFR mutation status with DNA content and aneuploid peaks of lung adenocarcinoma cells in pleural fluids without using EGFR-TKIs. Materials and Methods: 591 cases of lung adenocarcinoma patients in Hebei Tumor Hospital who had undergone EGFR gene detection and DNA quantitative analysis were collected from January 2012 to August 2018.They were divided into two groups: EGFR mutant group and non-mutant group. EGFR mutations were detected by Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS) and ABI 7500 Fluorescence quantitative PCR with pleural effusions. DNA content and aneuploid peaks were detected by LD DNA image cytometry (DNA-ICM). Rank-sum test of SPSS 16 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The maximum DI, the mean DI of the first 20 cells greater than 5C, the percentage of cells greater than 5C and the number of cells greater than 9C of the first 20 cells in the mutant group were all higher than those in the non-mutant group, having statistical significance (p<0.001); the peaks of aneuploid cells in the mutant group occurred more often than those in the non-mutant group, having statistical significance (p<0.001). Conclusions: Our study has shown that advanced lung adenocarcinomas with EGFR-mutations had higher DI values, more aneuploid cells and more frequent aneuploid peaks compared with those without EGFR-mutations, suggesting that advanced lung adenocarcinomas with EGFR mutations are more aggressive than those without EGFR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Du
- Department of Cytology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Department of Cytology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Cytology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yang Ma
- Department of Cytology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cytology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Cytology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lvli Dong
- Department of Cytology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Department of Cytology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaokun Ji
- Department of Cytology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Cytology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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27
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Thompson JC, Fan R, Black T, Yu GH, Savitch SL, Chien A, Yee SS, Sen M, Hwang WT, Katz SI, Feldman M, Vachani A, Carpenter EL. Measurement and immunophenotyping of pleural fluid EpCAM-positive cells and clusters for the management of non-small cell lung cancer patients. Lung Cancer 2018; 127:25-33. [PMID: 30642547 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common complication in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with important staging and prognostic information. Patients with MPEs are often candidates for advanced therapies, however, the current gold standard, cytological analysis of pleural fluid samples, has limited sensitivity. We aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of non-invasive enumeration and immunophenotyping of EpCAM-positive cells in pleural fluid samples for the diagnosis of a MPE in NSCLC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pleural fluid specimens were prospectively collected from patients with NSCLC and the CellSearch® technology was utilized for the enumeration of pleural EpCAM-positive cells (PECs) and determination of PD-L1 expression on PECs from pleural fluid samples. The diagnostic performance of the enumeration of single PECs and PEC clusters was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the impact of PECs and PEC clusters on overall survival (OS). RESULTS 101 NSCLC patients were enrolled. The median number of PECs was significantly greater in the malignant (n = 84) versus non-malignant group (n = 17) (730 PECs/mL vs 1.0 PEC/mL, p < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve was 0.91. A cutoff value of 105 PECs/mL had a sensitivity and specificity of 73% and 100% for the diagnosis of a MPE, respectively. Among 69 patients with a pathology-confirmed MPE and tissue immunohistochemistry (IHC) results, 15 (22%) had greater than 50% PD-L1+ PECs. Overall concordance between tissue and PEC PD-L1 expression was 76%. Higher numbers of pleural effusion single PECs were associated with inferior overall survival (Cox adjusted HR 1.8, 95% CI: 1.02-3.05 p = 0.043). CONCLUSION Non-invasive measurement of PECs in NSCLC patients, using an automated, clinically available approach, may improve the diagnostic accuracy of a MPE, allow for immunophenotyping of PECs, and provide prognostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Thompson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Group, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Ryan Fan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Taylor Black
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gordon H Yu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Samantha L Savitch
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Austin Chien
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Stephanie S Yee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Moen Sen
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Wei-Ting Hwang
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sharyn I Katz
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael Feldman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA, United States; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anil Vachani
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Group, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Erica L Carpenter
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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28
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Bernard V, Semaan A, Huang J, San Lucas FA, Mulu FC, Stephens BM, Guerrero PA, Huang Y, Zhao J, Kamyabi N, Sen S, Scheet PA, Taniguchi CM, Kim MP, Tzeng CW, Katz MH, Singhi AD, Maitra A, Alvarez HA. Single-Cell Transcriptomics of Pancreatic Cancer Precursors Demonstrates Epithelial and Microenvironmental Heterogeneity as an Early Event in Neoplastic Progression. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:2194-2205. [PMID: 30385653 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains elusive. Precursor lesions of PDAC, specifically intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), represent a bona fide pathway to invasive neoplasia, although the molecular correlates of progression remain to be fully elucidated. Single-cell transcriptomics provides a unique avenue for dissecting both the epithelial and microenvironmental heterogeneities that accompany multistep progression from noninvasive IPMNs to PDAC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed through droplet-based sequencing on 5,403 cells from 2 low-grade IPMNs (LGD-IPMNs), 2 high-grade IPMNs (HGD-IPMN), and 2 PDACs (all surgically resected). RESULTS Analysis of single-cell transcriptomes revealed heterogeneous alterations within the epithelium and the tumor microenvironment during the progression of noninvasive dysplasia to invasive cancer. Although HGD-IPMNs expressed many core signaling pathways described in PDAC, LGD-IPMNs harbored subsets of single cells with a transcriptomic profile that overlapped with invasive cancer. Notably, a proinflammatory immune component was readily seen in low-grade IPMNs, composed of cytotoxic T cells, activated T-helper cells, and dendritic cells, which was progressively depleted during neoplastic progression, accompanied by infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Finally, stromal myofibroblast populations were heterogeneous and acquired a previously described tumor-promoting and immune-evading phenotype during invasive carcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the ability to perform high-resolution profiling of the transcriptomic changes that occur during multistep progression of cystic PDAC precursors to cancer. Notably, single-cell analysis provides an unparalleled insight into both the epithelial and microenvironmental heterogeneities that accompany early cancer pathogenesis and might be a useful substrate to identify targets for cancer interception.See related commentary by Hernandez-Barco et al., p. 2027.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Bernard
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alexander Semaan
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jonathan Huang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - F Anthony San Lucas
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Feven C Mulu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bret M Stephens
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paola A Guerrero
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yanqing Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nabiollah Kamyabi
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Subrata Sen
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paul A Scheet
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cullen M Taniguchi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael P Kim
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ching-Wei Tzeng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew H Katz
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Aatur D Singhi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hector A Alvarez
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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29
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Zhou F, Ma W, Li W, Ni H, Gao G, Chen X, Zhang J, Shi J. Thick-wall cavity predicts worse progression-free survival in lung adenocarcinoma treated with first-line EGFR-TKIs. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1033. [PMID: 30352571 PMCID: PMC6199793 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4938-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cavity occurs in 5.7 to 14.9% of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (ADC). However, the impact of cavity on the therapeutic response to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in ADC patients with EGFR mutations remains unclear. The aim of the present retrospective study was to elucidate the incidence and detailed characteristics of EGFR-mutant cavitary ADC and investigate the efficacy of EGFR-TKI treatment in this subgroup. METHODS Two hundred seventy-six consecutive patients with advanced EGFR-mutant lung ADC treated with first-line EGFR-TKIs were enrolled. Cavitation and the thickness of cavity wall were assessed based on high-resolution computed tomography scans. Progression-free survival (PFS) was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier plots and the log-rank test was used to calculate the significance between groups. RESULTS Cavity occurred in 5.4% (15/276) of patients with EGFR-mutant lung ADC and was more prevalent among male patients (66.7% vs. 33.3%, P = 0.008). Of the 15 EGFR-mutant cavitary ADC, 9 patients had exon 19 deletion (19DEL) and 6 harbored L858R mutation, 9 patients had thick-wall cavity while 6 had thin-wall cavity. Cavity had an adverse impact on the PFS of EGFR-mutant ADC treated with first-line EGFR-TKIs (noncavity versus cavity, 11.0 versus 6.5 months, hazard ratio [HR]: 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15-0.73, P = 0.003). The impaired effect was only observed in patients with L858R mutation (11.0 vs. 4.2 months, HR: 0.05, 95%CI, 0.01-0.27, P = 0.0003) but not in those with 19DEL (10.4 versus 9.7 months, HR: 0.73, 95%CI, 0.30-1.75, P = 0.483). All six L858R-mutant cavitary ADC patients had thick-wall cavity while thick-wall cavity was only identified in one thirds (3/9) of patients with 19DEL. Further analyses showed that patients with thick-wall cavity had worse PFS (6.0 versus 11.0 months, P = 0.013). Multivariate analysis identified cavity as an independent predictive factor for PFS (HR: 0.49, 95% CI, 0.26-0.90, P = 0.022). CONCLUSION Cavitary ADC was associated with a worse PFS of first-line EGFR-TKI therapy, mainly in those with L858R mutation. Thick-wall cavity formation may be the main cause that contribute to the worse PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanrong Ma
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Jingan District Shibei Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijuan Ni
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghui Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jingyun Shi
- Department of Imaging, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Feng J, Wei X, Li C, Guo M, Peng M, Song Q, Han G. [Mechanism of EGFR Over-expression and Mutations Leading to
Biological Characteristics Changes of Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells
through CXCR4/CXCL12 Signaling Pathway]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2018; 21:503-512. [PMID: 30037369 PMCID: PMC6058659 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2018.07.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermal growth factor receptor (EFGR) mutation was closely related to the invasion and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma and the biological axis of CXCR4/CXCL12 (chemokine receptor 4/chemokine ligand 12) played an important role in the organ-specific metastasis of the tumor. It was a question surrounding whether there is interaction between them in the process of lung adenocarcinoma metastasis. To investigate the potential molecular mechanisms of EGFR over-expression and EFGR-mutations effects on cell proliferation, migration and invasion, we constructed EGFR over-expression and three EFGR-mutant human lung adenocarcinoma H1299 cell sublines. METHODS EGFR over-expression and three EFGR-mutant (EGFR-E746-A750del, EGFR-T790M and EGFR-L858R) plasmid were designed and transfected H1299 cells with Lipofectamine 2000. H1299 cells transfected with empty vector were negative control (NC), and H1299 cells without transfection were set as blank control (BC). The effects of EGFR over-expression and mutations on the proliferation, migration and invasion of H1299 cells were detected by cell cloning assay, wound healing assay and Transwell assay. The mRNA and protein expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, CXCR4 and CXCL12 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS Compared with negative control group and blank control group, EGFR over-expression and EGFR-E746-A750 deletion have significantly higher colony formation (28±2, 28.33±4.16; respectively) (P<0.05) and the cell migration and invasion ability were significantly increased (P<0.05). RT-PCR and Western blot assay showed that the mRNA and protein expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, CXCR4 and CXCL12 in EGFR over-expression and EGFR-E746-A750 deletion group were remarkably higher than that in negative control and blank control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS EGFR over-expression and 19 exon deletion can promote the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by up-regulating CXCR4/CXCL12 signaling pathway, leading to the change of tumor biological characteristics such as higher proliferation, migration and invasion ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Feng
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xueyan Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Chuang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Mingxiong Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Min Peng
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qibin Song
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Guang Han
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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31
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Wald O. CXCR4 Based Therapeutics for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7100303. [PMID: 30257500 PMCID: PMC6210654 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most common malignancy. Unfortunately, despite advances in multimodality therapeutics for the disease, the overall five-year survival rate among newly diagnosed lung cancer patients remains in the range region of 15%. In addition, although immune checkpoint inhibitors are increasingly being incorporated into lung cancer treatment protocols, the proportion of patients that respond to these agents remains low and the duration of response is often short. Therefore, novel methodologies to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy in lung cancer are highly desirable. Chemokines are small chemotactic cytokines that interact with their 7 transmembrane G-protein⁻coupled receptors, to guide immune cell trafficking in the body under both physiologic and pathologic conditions. Tumor cells highjack a small repertoire of the chemokine/chemokine receptor system and utilize it in a manner that benefits local tumor growth and distant spread. The chemokine receptor, CXCR4 is expressed in over 30 types of malignant tumors and, through interaction with its ligand CXCL12, was shown exert pleotropic pro-tumorigenic effects. In this review, the pathologic roles that CXCL12/CXCR4 play in lung cancer propagation are presented. Furthermore, the challenges and potential benefits of incorporating drugs that target CXCL12/CXCR4 into immune-based lung cancer therapeutic protocols are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ori Wald
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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Lüke F, Blazquez R, Yamaci RF, Lu X, Pregler B, Hannus S, Menhart K, Hellwig D, Wester HJ, Kropf S, Heudobler D, Grosse J, Moosbauer J, Hutterer M, Hau P, Riemenschneider MJ, Bayerlová M, Bleckmann A, Polzer B, Beißbarth T, Klein CA, Pukrop T. Isolated metastasis of an EGFR-L858R-mutated NSCLC of the meninges: the potential impact of CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in EGFR mut NSCLC in diagnosis, follow-up and treatment. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18844-18857. [PMID: 29721166 PMCID: PMC5922360 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain and leptomeningeal metastasis (LMM) of non-small cell lung cancer is still associated with poor prognosis. Moreover, the current diagnostic standard for LMM often yields false negative results and the scientific progress in this field is still unsatisfying. We present a case of a 71-year old patient with an isolated LMM. While standard diagnostics could only diagnose a cancer of unknown primary, the use of [68Ga]-Pentixafor-PET/CT (CXCR4-PET/CT, a radiotracer targeting CXCR4) and a liquid biopsy of the cerebrospinal fluid revealed the primary NSCLC. The detection of L858R-EGFR, a common driver mutation in NSCLC, enabled us to treat the patient with Afatinib and monitor treatment using [68Ga]-Pentixafor PET/CT. To estimate the impact of CXCR4 signaling and its ligands in NSCLC brain metastasis we looked at their expression and correlation with EGFR mutations in a primary and brain metastasis data set and investigated the previously described binding of extracellular ubiquitin to CXCR4. In conclusion, we describe a novel approach to improve diagnostics towards LMM and underline the impact of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in brain metastasis in a subset of NSCLC patients. We cannot confirm a correlation of CXCR4 expression with EGFR mutations or the binding of extracellular ubiquitin as previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lüke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Raquel Blazquez
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rezan Fahrioglu Yamaci
- Chair of Experimental Medicine and Therapy Research, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Xin Lu
- Chair of Experimental Medicine and Therapy Research, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Pregler
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Karin Menhart
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Hellwig
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Heudobler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jirka Grosse
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jutta Moosbauer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hutterer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Wilhelm Sander-Neurooncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology 1, NeuroMed Campus, Kepler University Hospital Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Peter Hau
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Wilhelm Sander-Neurooncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Michaela Bayerlová
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Medical Statistics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annalen Bleckmann
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Medical Statistics, Göttingen, Germany.,University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Polzer
- Division Personalized Tumor Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tim Beißbarth
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Medical Statistics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph A Klein
- Chair of Experimental Medicine and Therapy Research, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Division Personalized Tumor Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Pukrop
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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34
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Yang SR, Lin CY, Stehr H, Long SR, Kong CS, Berry GJ, Zehnder JL, Kunder CA. Comprehensive Genomic Profiling of Malignant Effusions in Patients with Metastatic Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Mol Diagn 2017; 20:184-194. [PMID: 29269277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytology samples are increasingly used for comprehensive molecular testing. Although fine-needle aspirates are adequate substrates for high-throughput sequencing, the suitability of malignant body fluids remains largely unexplored. We investigated the adequacy and utility of performing targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) on malignant effusions from patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Thirty-two effusion samples submitted for hybrid capture-based NGS using a clinically validated solid tumor genotyping panel were examined. All cases showed ≥5% tumor cellularity; however, 28 (88%) provided sufficient DNA for NGS (≥1 ng/μL). The sequencing reads showed satisfactory quality control statistics, and the variant allele frequencies were correlated with tumor cellularity. Furthermore, pathogenic or likely pathogenic genomic alterations were identified in 26 of 28 samples (93%), whereas clinically actionable alterations were present in 18 (64%). Notably, nine patients had additional molecular testing performed on preceding or subsequent biopsy specimens, and the results across multiple samples were compared. In two patients, the NGS-based fluid analysis identified clinically actionable alterations that were not detected by other hotspot testing. In four patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, malignant fluid sequencing confirmed driver alterations from prior testing and revealed new resistance mechanisms. Hence, given adequate DNA input and tumor cellularity, comprehensive genomic profiling of malignant effusions may be used to establish mutational status at diagnosis and inform treatment resistance during targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Ryum Yang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Chieh-Yu Lin
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Henning Stehr
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Steven R Long
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Christina S Kong
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Gerald J Berry
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - James L Zehnder
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Christian A Kunder
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
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35
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Zhang J, Liu C, Mo X, Shi H, Li S. Mechanisms by which CXCR4/CXCL12 cause metastatic behavior in pancreatic cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:1771-1776. [PMID: 29434873 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
C-X-C motif chemokine receptor (CXCR) 4/CXCL12 is associated with tumor invasion and metastasis in pancreatic cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the possible mechanisms behind this process by studying the association between the expression of CXCR4 and numerous molecular markers. A total of 60 patients with pancreatic cancer who had been treated with radical surgery between July 2012 and February 2016 were included in the present study. The expression of CXCR4/CXCL12 in primary pancreatic cancer lesions, tissues adjacent to cancerous tissue, non-cancerous pancreatic tissues and in the surrounding lymph nodes was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Expression levels of four candidate biomarkers [vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), Ki-67, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and β-catenin] were also evaluated. The correlation between CXCR4 and these four biomarkers was assessed. CXCR4 (CXCL12) expression levels were higher in pancreatic cancer 56.7% (86.7%), paracancerous tissue 50.0% (85.0%) and surrounding lymph nodes 53.3% (80.0%), compared with in normal tissues 18.3% (45.0%). CXCR4 expression was significantly associated with the lymph node metastasis of tumors (P=0.001), pathological type (P=0.037) and tumor-node-metastasis stage (P=0.031). CXCR4 expression exhibited a positive correlation with VEGF-C (r=0.417; P=0.001), Ki-67 (r=0.316; P=0.014), MMP-2 (r=0.284; P=0.028) and β-catenin (r=0.368; P=0.04). Furthermore, logistic regression analysis revealed VEGF-C (β=1.722; P=0.005) and Ki-67 (β=1.196; P=0.047) to be two biomarkers that cause metastasis via CXCR4. CXCR4/CXCL12 is closely associated with tumor grade and lymphatic metastasis. VEGF-C and Ki-67 are two important biomarkers, through which CXCR4 initiates metastatic behavior in pancreatic cancer. Therefore, angiogenesis inhibitors will continue to be effective agents in treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Chengxin Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Xinkai Mo
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Huan Shi
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Hepatology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
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Inoue T, Matsumura Y, Araki O, Karube Y, Maeda S, Kobayashi S, Chida M. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Mutation in Pleural Lavage Cytology Findings of Primary Lung Adenocarcinoma Cases. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017; 24:1-5. [PMID: 29093430 DOI: 10.5761/atcs.oa.17-00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In the present study, we examined the relationship between intraoperative pleural lavage cytology findings and presence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations. METHODS We investigated 160 patients who underwent surgical treatment for primary lung adenocarcinoma at our hospital from January 2011 to December 2013 to determine the presence of EGFR gene mutations and pleural lavage cytology. RESULTS In all, 52 subjects (31.5%) were positive EGFR gene mutations, of whom 38 were found to possess the Exon 21 L858R mutation. Intraoperative pleural lavage cytology examinations were performed in 160 subjects and 12 had positive results, of whom 6 were positive for EGFR gene mutations, which was the Exon 21 L858R mutation in all. In a comparison between subjects possessing the Exon 21 L858R mutation and those negative for EGFR gene mutations, lavage cytology-positive (p = 0.02) and vascular infiltration-negative (p = 0.01) were characteristics of the Exon 21 L868R mutation-positive group. CONCLUSION Subjects positive for the EGFR Exon 21 L858R mutation had a higher positive rate of intraoperative pleural lavage cytology than those not possessing EGFR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Inoue
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yuji Matsumura
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Dokkyo Koshigaya Hospital, Koshigaya, Saitama, Japan
| | - Osamu Araki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoko Karube
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Sumiko Maeda
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Satoru Kobayashi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Chida
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
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Le H, Wang X, Zha Y, Wang J, Zhu W, Ye Z, Liu X, Ma H, Zhang Y. Peripheral lung adenocarcinomas harboring epithelial growth factor receptor mutations with microRNA-135b overexpression are more likely to invade visceral pleura. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7931-7940. [PMID: 29250182 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma, characterized by its early and aggressive local invasion and high metastatic potential, is the most frequently observed histological type of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Visceral pleural invasion (VPI) caused by peripheral lung adenocarcinomas is closely associated with the poor prognosis of patients with NSCLC. The association between VPI and some clinicopathological characteristics has been observed in the past few decades. However, the molecular mechanism of VPI in lung adenocarcinomas is unknown. In the present, the expression level of microRNA (miR-)135b and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations using the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing, respectively. In addition, the present study aimed at exploring the association between the miR-135b level, EGFR mutations and VPI in peripheral lung adenocarcinoma. The results of the present study demonstrated that miR-135b was significantly upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma compared with adjacent normal tissue and positively associated EGFR mutations in peripheral lung adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, it was identified that lung adenocarcinomas with EGFR mutations and miR-135b overexpression were more likely to invade visceral pleura. Taken together, these findings indicate that miR-135b overexpression is positively associated with mutations to EGFR, which may promote the development of peripheral lung adenocarcinomas by the formation of VPI. This indicates that the two factors may serve as prognostic markers and molecular targets for the treatment of peripheral lung adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbo Le
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Lung Cancer Research Center, The Affiliated Zhoushan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Laboratory of Cytobiology and Molecular Biology, The Affiliated Zhoushan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316004, P.R. China
| | - Yao Zha
- Laboratory of Cytobiology and Molecular Biology, The Affiliated Zhoushan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316004, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Laboratory of Cytobiology and Molecular Biology, The Affiliated Zhoushan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316004, P.R. China
| | - Wangyu Zhu
- Laboratory of Cytobiology and Molecular Biology, The Affiliated Zhoushan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316004, P.R. China
| | - Zhinan Ye
- Laboratory of Cytobiology and Molecular Biology, The Affiliated Zhoushan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Laboratory of Cytobiology and Molecular Biology, The Affiliated Zhoushan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316004, P.R. China
| | - Haijie Ma
- Laboratory of Cytobiology and Molecular Biology, The Affiliated Zhoushan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316004, P.R. China
| | - Yongkui Zhang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Lung Cancer Research Center, The Affiliated Zhoushan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316004, P.R. China
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38
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Koo T, Yoon AR, Cho HY, Bae S, Yun CO, Kim JS. Selective disruption of an oncogenic mutant allele by CRISPR/Cas9 induces efficient tumor regression. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:7897-7908. [PMID: 28575452 PMCID: PMC5570104 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 15% of non-small cell lung cancer cases are associated with a mutation in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, which plays a critical role in tumor progression. With the goal of treating mutated EGFR-mediated lung cancer, we demonstrate the use of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) system to discriminate between the oncogenic mutant and wild-type EGFR alleles and eliminate the carcinogenic mutant EGFR allele with high accuracy. We targeted an EGFR oncogene harboring a single-nucleotide missense mutation (CTG > CGG) that generates a protospacer-adjacent motif sequence recognized by the CRISPR/Cas9 derived from Streptococcus pyogenes. Co-delivery of Cas9 and an EGFR mutation-specific single-guide RNA via adenovirus resulted in precise disruption at the oncogenic mutation site with high specificity. Furthermore, this CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutant allele disruption led to significantly enhanced cancer cell killing and reduced tumor size in a xenograft mouse model of human lung cancer. Taken together, these results indicate that targeting an oncogenic mutation using CRISPR/Cas9 offers a powerful surgical strategy to disrupt oncogenic mutations to treat cancers; similar strategies could be used to treat other mutation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyoung Koo
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Basic Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- These authors contributed equally to the paper as first authors
| | - A-Rum Yoon
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- These authors contributed equally to the paper as first authors
| | - Hee-Yeon Cho
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sangsu Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +82 2 880 9327; . Correspondence may also be addressed to Chae-Ok Yun. Tel: +82 2 2220 0491;
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Basic Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +82 2 880 9327; . Correspondence may also be addressed to Chae-Ok Yun. Tel: +82 2 2220 0491;
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Zheng Z, Xie D, Su H, Lin B, Zhao L, Deng X, Chen H, Fei S, Jin X, Xie C. Treatment outcome comparisons between exons 19 and 21 EGFR mutations for non-small-cell lung cancer patients with malignant pleural effusion after first-line and second-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317706211. [PMID: 28618947 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317706211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated a significantly increased frequency of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with malignant pleural effusions (MPEs). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of first-line and second-line EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the treatment of NSCLC with MPEs harboring exon 19 deletion and L858R mutation. From 2010 to 2015, 203 NSCLC patients with MPEs harboring EGFR mutation treated with EGFR-TKIs were reviewed. The efficacy were evaluated with Pearson chi-square or Fisher's exact tests, Log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model. The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) for patients treated with first-line and second-line EGFR-TKIs were 21.9%, 91.4% and 14.7%, 85.3%, respectively. The overall median PFS and OS of enrolled NSCLC patients with MPE were 9.3 months (95% CI, 8.4-10.2 months), 20.9 months (95% CI, 18.9-22.9 months) after first-line TKIs, and 7.6 months (95% CI, 6.6-8.6 months), 15.3 months (95% CI, 13.6-15.9 months) after second-line TKIs. The exon 19 deletion arm had a longer median PFS (9.4 vs 7.1 months, p=0.003) and OS (16.8 vs 13.8 months, p=0.003) compared with the L858R mutation arm after second-line TKIs. In a conclusion, EGFR genotype was an independent predictor of PFS and OS. No significant side effects differences between the two mutation groups was observed for first or second-line EGFR-TKIs. This study demonstrated that EGFR mutations are significant predictors for advanced NSCLC patients with MPE receiving second-line EGFR-TKIs treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zheng
- 1 Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Deyao Xie
- 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huafang Su
- 1 Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Baochai Lin
- 1 Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lihao Zhao
- 1 Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xia Deng
- 1 Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hanbin Chen
- 1 Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shaoran Fei
- 1 Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiance Jin
- 1 Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Congying Xie
- 1 Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Mutant KRAS promotes malignant pleural effusion formation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15205. [PMID: 28508873 PMCID: PMC5440809 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is the lethal consequence of various human cancers metastatic to the pleural cavity. However, the mechanisms responsible for the development of MPE are still obscure. Here we show that mutant KRAS is important for MPE induction in mice. Pleural disseminated, mutant KRAS bearing tumour cells upregulate and systemically release chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) into the bloodstream to mobilize myeloid cells from the host bone marrow to the pleural space via the spleen. These cells promote MPE formation, as indicated by splenectomy and splenocyte restoration experiments. In addition, KRAS mutations are frequently detected in human MPE and cell lines isolated thereof, but are often lost during automated analyses, as indicated by manual versus automated examination of Sanger sequencing traces. Finally, the novel KRAS inhibitor deltarasin and a monoclonal antibody directed against CCL2 are equally effective against an experimental mouse model of MPE, a result that holds promise for future efficient therapies against the human condition.
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Atagi S, Goto K, Seto T, Yamamoto N, Tamura T, Tajima K, Inagaki N. Erlotinib for Japanese patients with activating EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer: combined analyses from two Phase II studies. Future Oncol 2016; 12:2117-26. [PMID: 27267081 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS We evaluated the efficacy and safety of erlotinib, and patient characteristics affecting progression-free survival (PFS), by analyzing data from two Phase II studies of first-line erlotinib in activating EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer. METHODS Data were combined from patients who received first-line erlotinib monotherapy in JO22903 (single-arm study; JapicCTI-101085) and JO25567 (randomized study; JapicCTI-111390). RESULTS Median PFS was 10.9 months in efficacy-evaluable patients (n = 177). Major adverse events were dermatologic; no new safety signals were observed. Baseline pleural/cardiac effusion notably affected PFS (yes median 8.0 months vs no median 15.3 months) as confirmed in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.25-0.58). CONCLUSION Efficacy and safety of erlotinib monotherapy were consistent with previous studies. Baseline pleural/pericardial effusion was associated with shorter PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koichi Goto
- National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
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Oncogenic roles and drug target of CXCR4/CXCL12 axis in lung cancer and cancer stem cell. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8515-28. [PMID: 27079871 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the great progress has been made in diagnosis and therapeutic in lung cancer, it induces the most cancer death worldwide in both males and females. Chemokines, which have chemotactic abilities, contain up to 50 family members. By binding to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), holding seven-transmembrane domain, they function in immune cell trafficking and regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, activation, and migration, homing under both physiologic and pathologic conditions. The alpha-chemokine receptor CXCR4 for the alpha-chemokine stromal cell-derived-factor-1 (SDF-1) is most widely expressed by tumors. In addition to human tissues of the bone marrow, liver, adrenal glands, and brain, the CXC chemokine SDF-1 or CXCL12 is also highly expressed in lung cancer tissues and is associated with lung metastasis. Lung cancer cells have the capabilities to utilize and manipulate the CXCL12/CXCR system to benefit growth and distant spread. CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is a major culprit for lung cancer and has a crucial role in lung cancer initiation and progression by activating cancer stem cell. This review provides an evaluation of CXCL12/CXCR4 as the potential therapeutic target for lung cancers; it also focuses on the synergistic effects of inhibition of CXCL12/CXCR4 axis and immunotherapy as well as chemotherapy. Together, CXCL12/CXCR4 axis can be a potential therapeutic target for lung cancers and has additive effects with immunotherapy.
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New insights on pleural fluid formation: potential translational targets. CURRENT PULMONOLOGY REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13665-016-0135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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