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Kobylińska A, Bernat P, Posmyk MM. Melatonin Mitigates Lead-Induced Oxidative Stress and Modifies Phospholipid Profile in Tobacco BY-2 Suspension Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5064. [PMID: 38791101 PMCID: PMC11121664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown that melatonin (an indoleamine) is an important molecule in plant physiology. It is known that this indoleamine is crucial during plant stress responses, especially by counteracting secondary oxidative stress (efficient direct and indirect antioxidant) and switching on different defense plant strategies. In this report, we present exogenous melatonin's potential to protect lipid profile modification and membrane integrity in Nicotiana tabacum L. line Bright Yellow 2 (BY-2) cell culture exposed to lead. There are some reports of the positive effect of melatonin on animal cell membranes; ours is the first to report changes in the lipid profile in plant cells. The experiments were performed in the following variants: LS: cells cultured on unmodified LS medium-control; (ii) MEL: BY-2 cells cultured on LS medium with melatonin added from the beginning of culture; (iii) Pb: BY-2 cells cultured on LS medium with Pb2+ added on the 4th day of culture; (iv) MEL+Pb: BY-2 cells cultured on LS medium with melatonin added from the start of culture and stressed with Pb2+ added on the 4th day of culture. Lipidomic analysis of BY-2 cells revealed the presence of 40 different phospholipids. Exposing cells to lead led to the overproduction of ROS, altered fatty acid composition and increased PLD activity and subsequently elevated the level of phosphatidic acid at the cost of dropping the phosphatidylcholine. In the presence of lead, double-bond index elevation, mainly by higher quantities of linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic (C18:3) acids in the log phase of growth, was observed. In contrast, cells exposed to heavy metal but primed with melatonin showed more similarities with the control. Surprisingly, the overproduction of ROS caused of lipid peroxidation only in the stationary phase of growth, although considerable changes in lipid profiles were observed in the log phase of growth-just 4 h after lead administration. Our results indicate that the pretreatment of BY-2 with exogenous melatonin protected tobacco cells against membrane dysfunctions caused by oxidative stress (lipid oxidation), but also findings on a molecular level suggest the possible role of this indoleamine in the safeguarding of the membrane lipid composition that limited lead-provoked cell death. The presented research indicates a new mechanism of the defense strategy of plant cells generated by melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kobylińska
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Bernat
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Maria Posmyk
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
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2
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Puzanskiy RK, Romanyuk DA, Kirpichnikova AA, Yemelyanov VV, Shishova MF. Plant Heterotrophic Cultures: No Food, No Growth. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:277. [PMID: 38256830 PMCID: PMC10821431 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Plant cells are capable of uptaking exogenous organic substances. This inherited trait allows the development of heterotrophic cell cultures in various plants. The most common of them are Nicotiana tabacum and Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant cells are widely used in academic studies and as factories for valuable substance production. The repertoire of compounds supporting the heterotrophic growth of plant cells is limited. The best growth of cultures is ensured by oligosaccharides and their cleavage products. Primarily, these are sucrose, raffinose, glucose and fructose. Other molecules such as glycerol, carbonic acids, starch, and mannitol have the ability to support growth occasionally, or in combination with another substrate. Culture growth is accompanied by processes of specialization, such as elongation growth. This determines the pattern of the carbon budget. Culture ageing is closely linked to substrate depletion, changes in medium composition, and cell physiological rearrangements. A lack of substrate leads to starvation, which results in a decrease in physiological activity and the mobilization of resources, and finally in the loss of viability. The cause of the instability of cultivated cells may be the non-optimal metabolism under cultural conditions or the insufficiency of internal regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman K. Puzanskiy
- Laboratory of Analytical Phytochemistry, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Daria A. Romanyuk
- Laboratory of Genetics of Plant-Microbe Interactions, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | | | - Vladislav V. Yemelyanov
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.K.); (V.V.Y.)
| | - Maria F. Shishova
- Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.K.); (V.V.Y.)
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3
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Scharte J, Hassa S, Herrfurth C, Feussner I, Forlani G, Weis E, von Schaewen A. Metabolic priming in G6PDH isoenzyme-replaced tobacco lines improves stress tolerance and seed yields via altering assimilate partitioning. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1696-1716. [PMID: 37713307 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the basis for better performance of transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants with G6PDH-isoenzyme replacement in the cytosol (Xanthi::cP2::cytRNAi, Scharte et al., 2009). After six generations of selfing, infiltration of Phytophthora nicotianae zoospores into source leaves confirmed that defence responses (ROS, callose) are accelerated, showing as fast cell death of the infected tissue. Yet, stress-related hormone profiles resembled susceptible Xanthi and not resistant cultivar SNN, hinting at mainly metabolic adjustments in the transgenic lines. Leaves of non-stressed plants contained twofold elevated fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F2,6P2 ) levels, leading to partial sugar retention (soluble sugars, starch) and elevated hexose-to-sucrose ratios, but also more lipids. Above-ground biomass lay in between susceptible Xanthi and resistant SNN, with photo-assimilates preferentially allocated to inflorescences. Seeds were heavier with higher lipid-to-carbohydrate ratios, resulting in increased harvest yields - also under water limitation. Abiotic stress tolerance (salt, drought) was improved during germination, and in floated leaf disks of non-stressed plants. In leaves of salt-watered plants, proline accumulated to higher levels during illumination, concomitant with efficient NADP(H) use and recycling. Non-stressed plants showed enhanced PSII-induction kinetics (upon dark-light transition) with little differences at the stationary phase. Leaf exudates contained 10% less sucrose, similar amino acids, but more fatty acids - especially in the light. Export of specific fatty acids via the phloem may contribute to both, earlier flowering and higher seed yields of the Xanthi-cP2 lines. Apparently, metabolic priming by F2,6P2 -combined with sustained NADP(H) turnover-bypasses the genetically fixed growth-defence trade-off, rendering tobacco plants more stress-resilient and productive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Scharte
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hassa
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften and Göttinger Zentrum für Molekulare Biowissenschaften (GZMB), Abteilung Biochemie der Pflanze, Universität Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften and Göttinger Zentrum für Molekulare Biowissenschaften (GZMB), Abteilung Biochemie der Pflanze, Universität Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Forlani
- Laboratorio di Fisiologia e Biochimica Vegetale, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biotecnologie, Universitá degli Studi di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Engelbert Weis
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Antje von Schaewen
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, D-48149, Münster, Germany
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4
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Olmedo P, Vidal J, Ponce E, Defilippi BG, Pérez-Donoso AG, Meneses C, Carpentier S, Pedreschi R, Campos-Vargas R. Proteomic and Low-Polar Metabolite Profiling Reveal Unique Dynamics in Fatty Acid Metabolism during Flower and Berry Development of Table Grapes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15360. [PMID: 37895040 PMCID: PMC10607693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Grapevine development and ripening are complex processes that involve several biochemical pathways, including fatty acid and lipid metabolism. Fatty acids are essential components of lipids, which play crucial roles in fruit maturation and flavor development. However, the dynamics of fatty acid metabolism in grape flowers and berries are poorly understood. In this study, we present those dynamics and investigate the mechanisms of fatty acid homeostasis on 'Thompson Seedless' berries using metabolomic and proteomic analyses. Low-polar metabolite profiling indicated a higher abundance of fatty acids at the pre-flowering and pre-veraison stages. Proteomic analyses revealed that grape flowers and berries display unique profiles of proteins involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, triacylglycerol assembly, fatty acid β-oxidation, and lipid signaling. These findings show, for the first time, that fatty acid metabolism also plays an important role in the development of non-oil-rich tissues, opening new perspectives about lipid function and its relation to berry quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Olmedo
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (P.O.); (J.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Juan Vidal
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (P.O.); (J.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Excequel Ponce
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (P.O.); (J.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Bruno G. Defilippi
- Unidad de Postcosecha, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA) La Platina, Santiago 8831314, Chile;
| | - Alonso G. Pérez-Donoso
- Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (A.G.P.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (A.G.P.-D.); (C.M.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8370186, Chile
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CRG), Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Sebastien Carpentier
- Facility for Systems Biology Based Mass Spectrometry SYBIOMA, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Bioversity International, Biodiversity for Food & Agriculture, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Romina Pedreschi
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (P.O.); (J.V.); (E.P.)
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CRG), Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Reinaldo Campos-Vargas
- Centro de Estudios Postcosecha, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8831314, Chile;
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5
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Law SY, Asanuma M, Shou J, Ozeki Y, Kodama Y, Numata K. Deuterium- and Alkyne-Based Bioorthogonal Raman Probes for In Situ Quantitative Metabolic Imaging of Lipids within Plants. JACS AU 2023; 3:1604-1614. [PMID: 37388682 PMCID: PMC10302745 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants can rapidly respond to different stresses by activating multiple signaling and defense pathways. The ability to directly visualize and quantify these pathways in real time using bioorthogonal probes would have practical applications, including characterizing plant responses to both abiotic and biotic stress. Fluorescence-based labels are widely used for tagging of small biomolecules but are relatively bulky and with potential effects on their endogenous localization and metabolism. This work describes the use of deuterium- and alkyne-derived fatty acid Raman probes to visualize and track the real-time response of plants to abiotic stress within the roots. Relative quantification of the respective signals could be used to track their localization and overall real-time responses in their fatty acid pools due to drought and heat stress without labor-intensive isolation procedures. Their overall usability and low toxicity suggest that Raman probes have great untapped potential in the field of plant bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon
Sau Yin Law
- Biomacromolecules
Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable
Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masato Asanuma
- Graduate
School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Jingwen Shou
- Graduate
School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ozeki
- Graduate
School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kodama
- Biomacromolecules
Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable
Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Center
for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya
University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecules
Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable
Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department
of Material Chemistry, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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6
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Serrano N, Pejchar P, Soukupová H, Hubálek M, Potocký M. Comprehensive analysis of glycerolipid dynamics during tobacco pollen germination and pollen tube growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1028311. [PMID: 36426152 PMCID: PMC9679300 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1028311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pollen germination and subsequent pollen tube elongation are essential for successful land plant reproduction. These processes are achieved through well-documented activation of membrane trafficking and cell metabolism. Despite this, our knowledge of the dynamics of cellular phospholipids remains scarce. Here we present the turnover of the glycerolipid composition during the establishment of cell polarity and elongation processes in tobacco pollen and show the lipid composition of pollen plasma membrane-enriched fraction for the first time. To achieve this, we have combined several techniques, such as lipidomics, plasma membrane isolation, and live-cell microscopy, and performed a study with different time points during the pollen germination and pollen tube growth. Our results showed that tobacco pollen tubes undergo substantial changes in their whole-cell lipid composition during the pollen germination and growth, finding differences in most of the glycerolipids analyzed. Notably, while lysophospholipid levels decrease during germination and growth, phosphatidic acid increases significantly at cell polarity establishment and continues with similar abundance in cell elongation. We corroborated these findings by measuring several phospholipase activities in situ. We also observed that lysophospholipids and phosphatidic acid are more abundant in the plasma membrane-enriched fraction than that in the whole cell. Our results support the important role for the phosphatidic acid in the establishment and maintenance of cellular polarity in tobacco pollen tubes and indicate that plasma membrane lysophospholipids may be involved in pollen germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Serrano
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Přemysl Pejchar
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hana Soukupová
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Hubálek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Potocký
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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7
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Cappetta E, De Palma M, D’Alessandro R, Aiello A, Romano R, Graziani G, Ritieni A, Paolo D, Locatelli F, Sparvoli F, Docimo T, Tucci M. Development of a High Oleic Cardoon Cell Culture Platform by SAD Overexpression and RNAi-Mediated FAD2.2 Silencing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:913374. [PMID: 35845700 PMCID: PMC9285897 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.913374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of effective tools for the sustainable supply of phyto-ingredients and natural substances with reduced environmental footprints can help mitigate the dramatic scenario of climate change. Plant cell cultures-based biorefineries can be a technological advancement to face this challenge and offer a potentially unlimited availability of natural substances, in a standardized composition and devoid of the seasonal variability of cultivated plants. Monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids are attracting considerable attention as supplements for biodegradable plastics, bio-additives for the cosmetic industry, and bio-lubricants. Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis) callus cultures accumulate fatty acids and polyphenols and are therefore suitable for large-scale production of biochemicals and valuable compounds, as well as biofuel precursors. With the aim of boosting their potential uses, we designed a biotechnological approach to increase oleic acid content through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated metabolic engineering. Bioinformatic data mining in the C. cardunculus transcriptome allowed the selection and molecular characterization of SAD (stearic acid desaturase) and FAD2.2 (fatty acid desaturase) genes, coding for key enzymes in oleic and linoleic acid formation, as targets for metabolic engineering. A total of 22 and 27 fast-growing independent CcSAD overexpressing (OE) and CcFAD2.2 RNAi knocked out (KO) transgenic lines were obtained. Further characterization of five independent transgenic lines for each construct demonstrated that, successfully, SAD overexpression increased linoleic acid content, e.g., to 42.5%, of the relative fatty acid content, in the CcSADOE6 line compared with 30.4% in the wild type (WT), whereas FAD2.2 silencing reduced linoleic acid in favor of the accumulation of its precursor, oleic acid, e.g., to almost 57% of the relative fatty acid content in the CcFAD2.2KO2 line with respect to 17.7% in the WT. Moreover, CcSADOE6 and CcFAD2.2KO2 were also characterized by a significant increase in total polyphenolic content up to about 4.7 and 4.1 mg/g DW as compared with 2.7 mg/g DW in the WT, mainly due to the accumulation of dicaffeoyl quinic and feruloyl quinic acids. These results pose the basis for the effective creation of an engineered cardoon cells-based biorefinery accumulating high levels of valuable compounds from primary and specialized metabolism to meet the industrial demand for renewable and sustainable sources of innovative bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Cappetta
- National Research Council, Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources, Portici, Italy
| | - Monica De Palma
- National Research Council, Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources, Portici, Italy
| | - Rosa D’Alessandro
- National Research Council, Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources, Portici, Italy
| | - Alessandra Aiello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Raffaele Romano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Giulia Graziani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Paolo
- National Research Council, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Milan, Italy
| | - Franca Locatelli
- National Research Council, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Sparvoli
- National Research Council, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Docimo
- National Research Council, Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources, Portici, Italy
| | - Marina Tucci
- National Research Council, Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources, Portici, Italy
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8
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Zhang H, Zhang X, Wang Y, Bai P, Hayakawa K, Zhang L, Tang N. Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Emitted from Open Burning and Stove Burning of Biomass: A Brief Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073944. [PMID: 35409624 PMCID: PMC8998094 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To mitigate global warming and achieve carbon neutrality, biomass has become a widely used carbon-neutral energy source due to its low cost and easy availability. However, the incomplete combustion of biomass can produce polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are harmful to human health. Moreover, increasing numbers of wildfires in many regions caused by global warming have greatly increased the emissions of PAHs from biomass burning. To effectively mitigate PAH pollution and health risks associated with biomass usage, the concentrations, compositions and influencing factors of PAH emissions from biomass burning are summarized in this review. High PAH emissions from open burning and stove burning are found, and two- to four-ring PAHs account for a higher proportion than five- and six-ring PAHs. Based on the mechanism of biomass burning, biomass with higher volatile matter, cellulose, lignin, potassium salts and moisture produces more PAHs. Moreover, burning biomass in stoves at a high temperature or with an insufficient oxygen supply can increase PAH emissions. Therefore, the formation and emission of PAHs can be reduced by pelletizing, briquetting or carbonizing biomass to increase its density and burning efficiency. This review contributes to a comprehensive understanding of PAH pollution from biomass burning, providing prospective insight for preventing air pollution and health hazards associated with carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Yan Wang
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Pengchu Bai
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Kazuichi Hayakawa
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (N.T.); Tel.: +81-76-234-4942 (L.Z.); +81-76-234-4455 (N.T.)
| | - Ning Tang
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (N.T.); Tel.: +81-76-234-4942 (L.Z.); +81-76-234-4455 (N.T.)
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9
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Paolo D, Locatelli F, Cominelli E, Pirona R, Pozzo S, Graziani G, Ritieni A, De Palma M, Docimo T, Tucci M, Sparvoli F. Towards a Cardoon ( Cynara cardunculus var. altilis)-Based Biorefinery: A Case Study of Improved Cell Cultures via Genetic Modulation of the Phenylpropanoid Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111978. [PMID: 34769407 PMCID: PMC8584892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultivated cardoon (Cynara cardunculus var. altilis L.) is a promising candidate species for the development of plant cell cultures suitable for large-scale biomass production and recovery of nutraceuticals. We set up a protocol for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, which can be used for the improvement of cardoon cell cultures in a frame of biorefinery. As high lignin content determines lower saccharification yields for the biomass, we opted for a biotechnological approach, with the purpose of reducing lignin content; we generated transgenic lines overexpressing the Arabidopsis thaliana MYB4 transcription factor, a known repressor of lignin/flavonoid biosynthesis. Here, we report a comprehensive characterization, including metabolic and transcriptomic analyses of AtMYB4 overexpression cardoon lines, in comparison to wild type, underlining favorable traits for their use in biorefinery. Among these, the improved accessibility of the lignocellulosic biomass to degrading enzymes due to depletion of lignin content, the unexpected increased growth rates, and the valuable nutraceutical profiles, in particular for hydroxycinnamic/caffeoylquinic and fatty acids profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Paolo
- National Research Council—Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.L.); (E.C.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (F.S.); Tel.: +39-0223699407 (D.P.); +39-0223699435 (F.S.)
| | - Franca Locatelli
- National Research Council—Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.L.); (E.C.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Eleonora Cominelli
- National Research Council—Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.L.); (E.C.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Raul Pirona
- National Research Council—Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.L.); (E.C.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Sara Pozzo
- National Research Council—Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.L.); (E.C.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Giulia Graziani
- Department of Pharmacy—University of Naples Federico II (UNINA), Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy—University of Naples Federico II (UNINA), Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Monica De Palma
- National Research Council—Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.D.P.); (T.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Teresa Docimo
- National Research Council—Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.D.P.); (T.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Marina Tucci
- National Research Council—Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.D.P.); (T.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Francesca Sparvoli
- National Research Council—Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.L.); (E.C.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (F.S.); Tel.: +39-0223699407 (D.P.); +39-0223699435 (F.S.)
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10
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Single-Molecule Long-Read Sequencing of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) and Differential Gene Expression Related with Biosynthesis of Unsaturated Fatty Acids. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040655. [PMID: 33808162 PMCID: PMC8066459 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to obtain the full-length transcriptome of purslane (Portulaca oleracea); assorted plant samples were used for single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing. Based on SMRT, functional annotation of transcripts, transcript factors (TFs) analysis, simple sequence repeat analysis and long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) prediction were accomplished. Total 15.33-GB reads were produced; with 9,350,222 subreads and the average length of subreads, 1640 bp was counted. With 99.99% accuracy, after clustering, 132,536 transcripts and 78,559 genes were detected. All unique SMART transcripts were annotated in seven functional databases. 4180 TFs (including transcript regulators) and 7289 LncRNAs were predicted. The results of RNA-seq were confirmed with qRT–PCR analysis. Illumina sequencing of leaves and roots of two purslane genotypes was carried out. Amounts of differential expression genes and related KEGG pathways were found. The expression profiles of related genes in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids pathway in leaves and roots of two genotypes of purslane were analyzed. Differential expression of genes in this pathway built the foundation of ω-3 fatty acid accumulation in different organs and genotypes of purslane. The aforementioned results provide sequence information and may be a valuable resource for whole-genome sequencing of purslane in the future.
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11
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Lipid accumulation patterns and role of different fatty acid types towards mitigating salinity fluctuations in Chlorella vulgaris. Sci Rep 2021; 11:438. [PMID: 33432049 PMCID: PMC7801682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79950-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangrove-dwelling microalgae are well adapted to frequent encounters of salinity fluctuations across their various growth phases but are lesser studied. The current study explored the adaptive changes (in terms of biomass, oil content and fatty acid composition) of mangrove-isolated C. vulgaris UMT-M1 cultured under different salinity levels (5, 10, 15, 20, 30 ppt). The highest total oil content was recorded in cultures at 15 ppt salinity (63.5% of dry weight) with uncompromised biomass productivity, thus highlighting the ‘trigger-threshold’ for oil accumulation in C. vulgaris UMT-M1. Subsequently, C. vulgaris UMT-M1 was further assessed across different growth phases under 15 ppt. The various short, medium and long-chain fatty acids (particularly C20:0), coupled with a high level of C18:3n3 PUFA reported at early exponential phase represents their physiological importance during rapid cell growth. Accumulation of C18:1 and C18:2 at stationary growth phase across all salinities was seen as cells accumulating substrate for C18:3n3 should the cells anticipate a move from stationary phase into new growth phase. This study sheds some light on the possibility of ‘triggered’ oil accumulation with uninterrupted growth and the participation of various fatty acid types upon salinity mitigation in a mangrove-dwelling microalgae.
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12
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Graziani G, Docimo T, Palma MD, Sparvoli F, Izzo L, Tucci M, Ritieni A. Changes in Phenolics and Fatty Acids Composition and Related Gene Expression during the Development from Seed to Leaves of Three Cultivated Cardoon Genotypes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111096. [PMID: 33171628 PMCID: PMC7695130 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultivated cardoon (Cynara cardunculus var. altilis) has long been used as a food and medicine remedy and nowadays is considered a functional food. Its leaf bioactive compounds are mostly represented by chlorogenic acids and coumaroyl derivatives, known for their nutritional value and bioactivity. Having antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties, these molecules are used for medicinal purposes. Apart from the phenolic compounds in green tissues, cultivated cardoon is also used for the seed oil, having a composition suitable for the human diet, but also valuable as feedstock for the production of biofuel and biodegradable bioplastics. Given the wide spectrum of valuable cardoon molecules and their numerous industrial applications, a detailed characterization of different organs and tissues for their metabolic profiles as well as an extensive transcriptional analysis of associated key biosynthetic genes were performed to provide a deeper insight into metabolites biosynthesis and accumulation sites. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the phenylpropanoids profile through UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS analysis, of fatty acids content through GC-MS analysis, along with quantitative transcriptional analyses by qRT-PCR of hydroxycinnamoyl-quinate transferase (HQT), stearic acid desaturase (SAD), and fatty acid desaturase (FAD) genes in seeds, hypocotyls, cotyledons and leaves of the cardoon genotypes “Spagnolo”, “Bianco Avorio”, and “Gigante”. Both oil yield and total phenols accumulation in all the tissues and organs indicated higher production in “Bianco Avorio” and “Spagnolo” than in “Gigante”. Antioxidant activity evaluation by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays mirrored total phenols content. Overall, this study provides a detailed analysis of tissue composition of cardoon, enabling to elucidate value-added product accumulation and distribution during plant development and hence contributing to better address and optimize the sustainable use of this natural resource. Besides, our metabolic and transcriptional screening could be useful to guide the selection of superior genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Graziani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.I.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Teresa Docimo
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (T.D.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Monica De Palma
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (T.D.); (M.D.P.)
| | - Francesca Sparvoli
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Luana Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.I.); (A.R.)
| | - Marina Tucci
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (T.D.); (M.D.P.)
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.I.); (A.R.)
- Unesco Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, 80131 Naples, Italy
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13
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Effectiveness of Humic Substances and Phenolic Compounds in Regulating Plant-Biological Functionality. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10101553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significant benefit of soil organic matter (SOM) to crop productivity is scientifically well documented. The main constituents and active fractions of SOM are humic substances (HS) and phenolic compounds. Since both these two components strongly impact plant–soil relationship, it is importantly from an ecological point of view to discriminate their biological effects and relating them to their composition. In this study we compared the biological effects of HS, and the soil water soluble phenols (SWSP) on growth, antioxidant activities, carbohydrates, proteins, phenols, and vitamins of Pinus laricio callus. Each extract was assessed for the content of low molecular weight organic acids, soluble carbohydrates, fatty acids, and phenolic acids. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopies were applied to study their molecular structure. The results showed that HS produced better callus growth compared to the control and SWSP. Carbohydrates decreased in presence of HS while proteins, vitamin C and E increased. In contrast, in callus treated with SWSP the amount of glucose and fructose increased as well as all the antioxidant activities. The data evidenced that HS rich in tartaric and fatty acids had beneficial effects on callus growth contrary to soil water-soluble phenols rich in aldehydes, and syringic, ferulic, and benzoic acids.
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14
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Medina S, Gil-Izquierdo Á, Abu-Reidah IM, Durand T, Bultel-Poncé V, Galano JM, Domínguez-Perles R. Evaluation of Phoenix dactylifera Edible Parts and Byproducts as Sources of Phytoprostanes and Phytofurans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8942-8950. [PMID: 32693588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Even though traditionally date-fruit has been featured by a marginal use, mainly restricted to its dietary intake, in recent years, it has raised the range of applications for this agro-food production. These new uses have entailed an enlarged production of date fruits and, simultaneously, of date palm byproducts. Encouraged by the traditional medicinal uses of dates, according to their phytochemical composition, the present work was focused on the evaluation of a new family of secondary metabolites, the plant oxylipins phytoprostanes (PhytoPs) and phytofurans (PhytoFs), in six separate matrixes of the date palm edible parts and byproducts, applying an UHPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS-based methodology. The evaluation for the first time of date palm edible parts and byproducts as a dietary source of PhytoPs and PhytoFs provides evidence on the value of six different parts (pulp, skin, pits, leaves, clusters, and pollen) regarding their content in these plant oxylipins evidenced by the presence of the PhytoPs, 9-F1t-PhytoP (201.3-7223.1 ng/100 g dw) and 9-epi-9-F1t-PhytoP (209.7-7297.4 ng/100 g dw), and the PhytoFs ent-16(RS)-9-epi-ST-Δ14-10-PhytoF (4.6-191.0 ng/100g dw), and ent-16(RS)-13-epi-ST-Δ14-9-PhytoF as the most abundant compounds. Regarding the diverse matrixes assessed, pollen, clusters, and leaves for PhytoPs and skins and pollen for PhytoFs were identified as the most interesting sources of these compounds. In this concern, the information obtained upon the detailed characterization performed in the present work will allow unravelling the biological interest of PhytoPs and PhytoFs and the extent to which these compounds could exert valuable biological activities upon in vitro (mechanistic) and in vivo studies, allocating the effort-focus on the chemical species of PhytoPs and PhytoFs responsible for such traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Medina
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ángel Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ibrahim M Abu-Reidah
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Arab American University, P.O. Box 240, 13 Zababdeh-Jenin, Palestine
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, University Montpellier I and II, ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Valérie Bultel-Poncé
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, University Montpellier I and II, ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, University Montpellier I and II, ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Raúl Domínguez-Perles
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
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15
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Saffaryazdi A, Ganjeali A, Farhoosh R, Cheniany M. Variation in phenolic compounds, α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid contents and antioxidant activity of purslane ( Portulaca oleracea L.) during phenological growth stages. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:1519-1529. [PMID: 32647465 PMCID: PMC7326857 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00836-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) contains a variety of natural products with different biological properties. The objective of this research was to estimate changes in total phenolics, flavonoids, and fatty acids (α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid) contents as well as antioxidant activity of P. oleracea at different growth stages. Seeds were germinated in soil-filled plastic pots at greenhouse. Leaves and stems were collected at the vegetative and flowering stages. Total phenol and flavonoid contents of the samples were determined by Folin-Ciocalteau and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. The contents of α-linolenic and linoleic acids were determined using gas chromatography analysis after transesterification of fatty acids. Furthermore, Ferric reducing antioxidant power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assays were used to determine the antioxidant activities. The highest contents of total phenols (698.6 mg GAE 100 g-1 DW), flavonoids (46.9 mg QE 100 g-1 DW), α-linolenic acid (2.7 mg g-1 DW) and linoleic acid (0.8 mg g-1 DW) were determined in the leaves at flowering stage. Free radical scavenging capacity was significantly affected (P ≤ 0.05) by age; and the leaves of purslane had more antioxidant potential compared to stems. A positive correlation was observed between the antioxidant activities and total phenols content. Overall, purslane leaves at flowering stage can be regarded as a valuable source of fatty acids (especially α-linolenic acid) and antioxidants in human diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Saffaryazdi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Ganjeali
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Farhoosh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Monireh Cheniany
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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16
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Lee MW, Padilla CS, Gupta C, Galla A, Pereira A, Li J, Goggin FL. The FATTY ACID DESATURASE2 Family in Tomato Contributes to Primary Metabolism and Stress Responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:1083-1099. [PMID: 31767693 PMCID: PMC6997702 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of oleic acid (C18:1) to linoleic acid (C18:2) in the endoplasmic reticulum is critical to the accumulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in seeds and other tissues, and this reaction is catalyzed by a Δ12-desaturase, FATTY ACID DESATURASE2 (FAD2). Here, we report that the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genome harbors two genes, SlFAD2-1 and SlFAD2-2, which encode proteins with in vitro Δ12-desaturase activity. In addition, tomato has seven divergent FAD2 members that lack Δ12-desaturase activity and differ from canonical FAD2 enzymes at multiple amino acid positions important to enzyme function. Whereas SlFAD2-1 and SlFAD2-2 are downregulated by biotic stress, the majority of divergent FAD2 genes in tomato are upregulated by one or more stresses. In particular, SlFAD2-7 is induced by the potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) and has elevated constitutive expression levels in suppressor of prosystemin-mediated responses2 (spr2), a tomato mutant with enhanced aphid resistance and altered fatty acid profiles. Virus-induced gene silencing of SlFAD2-7 in spr2 results in significant increases in aphid population growth, indicating that a divergent FAD2 gene contributes to aphid resistance in this genotype. Thus, the FAD2 gene family in tomato is important both to primary fatty acid metabolism and to responses to biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Woo Lee
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701
| | - Carmen S Padilla
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701
| | - Chirag Gupta
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701
| | - Aravind Galla
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701
| | - Andy Pereira
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701
| | - Jiamei Li
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701
| | - Fiona L Goggin
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701
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17
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Zhou XR, Bhandari S, Johnson BS, Kotapati HK, Allen DK, Vanhercke T, Bates PD. Reorganization of Acyl Flux through the Lipid Metabolic Network in Oil-Accumulating Tobacco Leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:739-755. [PMID: 31792147 PMCID: PMC6997700 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The triacylglycerols (TAGs; i.e. oils) that accumulate in plants represent the most energy-dense form of biological carbon storage, and are used for food, fuels, and chemicals. The increasing human population and decreasing amount of arable land have amplified the need to produce plant oil more efficiently. Engineering plants to accumulate oils in vegetative tissues is a novel strategy, because most plants only accumulate large amounts of lipids in the seeds. Recently, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves were engineered to accumulate oil at 15% of dry weight due to a push (increased fatty acid synthesis)-and-pull (increased final step of TAG biosynthesis) engineering strategy. However, to accumulate both TAG and essential membrane lipids, fatty acid flux through nonengineered reactions of the endogenous metabolic network must also adapt, which is not evident from total oil analysis. To increase our understanding of endogenous leaf lipid metabolism and its ability to adapt to metabolic engineering, we utilized a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments to characterize the path of acyl flux in wild-type and transgenic oil-accumulating tobacco leaves. Acyl flux around the phosphatidylcholine acyl editing cycle was the largest acyl flux reaction in wild-type and engineered tobacco leaves. In oil-accumulating leaves, acyl flux into the eukaryotic pathway of glycerolipid assembly was enhanced at the expense of the prokaryotic pathway. However, a direct Kennedy pathway of TAG biosynthesis was not detected, as acyl flux through phosphatidylcholine preceded the incorporation into TAG. These results provide insight into the plasticity and control of acyl lipid metabolism in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Rong Zhou
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Doug K Allen
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132
| | - Thomas Vanhercke
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Philip D Bates
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340
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18
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Voronkov AS, Ivanova TV, Kumachova TK, Kozhevnikova AD, Tsydendambaev VD. Polyunsaturated and Very‐Long‐Chain Fatty Acids Are Involved in the Adaptation of Maloideae (Rosaceae) to Combined Stress in the Mountains. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e1900588. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Voronkov
- K. A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, 35 Botanicheskaya St. Moscow 127276 Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Ivanova
- K. A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, 35 Botanicheskaya St. Moscow 127276 Russia
| | - Tamara K. Kumachova
- Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 49 Timiryazevskaya St. Moscow 127550 Russia
| | - Anna D. Kozhevnikova
- K. A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, 35 Botanicheskaya St. Moscow 127276 Russia
| | - Vladimir D. Tsydendambaev
- K. A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, 35 Botanicheskaya St. Moscow 127276 Russia
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19
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Salvaing J, Botella C, Albrieux C, Gros V, Block MA, Jouhet J. PUB11-Dependent Ubiquitination of the Phospholipid Flippase ALA10 Modifies ALA10 Localization and Affects the Pool of Linolenic Phosphatidylcholine. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1070. [PMID: 32760418 PMCID: PMC7373794 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Biogenesis of photosynthetic membranes depends on galactolipid synthesis, which relies on several cell compartments, notably the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the chloroplast envelope. Galactolipid synthesis involves lipid trafficking between both membrane compartments. In Arabidopsis, ALA10, a phospholipid flippase of the P4 type-ATPase family, counteracts the limitation of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) production and has a positive effect on leaf development. ALA10 locates in distinct domains of the ER depending on the ALIS (ALA interacting subunit) subunit it interacts with: close to the plasma membrane with ALIS1, or next to chloroplasts with ALIS5. It interacts with FAD2 (Fatty acid desaturase 2) and prevents accumulation of linolenic (18:3) containing phosphatidylcholine (PC) stimulating an increase of MGDG synthesis. Here we report that ALA10 interacts with PUB11 (plant U-box type 11), an E3 protein ubiquitin ligase, in vitro and in vivo. ALA10 is however ubiquitinated and degraded by the 26S proteasome in a PUB11-independent process. In pub11 null mutant, the proteasome-dependent degradation of ALA10 is retained and ALA10 is still subject to ubiquitination although its ubiquitination profile appears different. In the absence of PUB11, ALA10 is constrained to the ER close to chloroplasts, which is the usual location when ALA10 is overexpressed. Additionally, in this condition, the decrease of 18:3 containing PC is no longer observed. Taken together these results suggest, that ALA10 contributes in chloroplast-distal ER interacting domains, to reduce the 18:3 desaturation of PC and that PUB11 is involved in reconditioning of ALA10 from chloroplast-proximal to chloroplast-distal ER interacting domains.
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20
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Karki N, Johnson BS, Bates PD. Metabolically Distinct Pools of Phosphatidylcholine Are Involved in Trafficking of Fatty Acids out of and into the Chloroplast for Membrane Production. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:2768-2788. [PMID: 31511316 PMCID: PMC6881139 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The eukaryotic pathway of galactolipid synthesis involves fatty acid synthesis in the chloroplast, followed by assembly of phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and then turnover of PC to provide a substrate for chloroplast galactolipid synthesis. However, the mechanisms and classes of lipids transported between the chloroplast and the ER are unclear. PC, PC-derived diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, and lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LPC) have all been implicated in ER-to-chloroplast lipid transfer. LPC transport requires lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) activity at the chloroplast to form PC before conversion to galactolipids. However, LPCAT has also been implicated in the opposite chloroplast-to-ER trafficking of newly synthesized fatty acids through PC acyl editing. To understand the role of LPC and LPCAT in acyl trafficking we produced and analyzed the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) act1 lpcat1 lpcat2 triple mutant. LPCAT1 and LPCAT2 encode the major lysophospholipid acyltransferase activity of the chloroplast, and it is predominantly for incorporation of nascent fatty acids exported form the chloroplast into PC by acyl editing. In vivo acyl flux analysis revealed eukaryotic galactolipid synthesis is not impaired in act1 lpcat1 lpcat2 and uses a PC pool distinct from that of PC acyl editing. We present a model for the eukaryotic pathway with metabolically distinct pools of PC, suggesting an underlying spatial organization of PC metabolism as part of the ER-chloroplast metabolic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nischal Karki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
| | - Brandon S Johnson
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
| | - Philip D Bates
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
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Angkawijaya AE, Nguyen VC, Nakamura Y. LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID ACYLTRANSFERASES 4 and 5 are involved in glycerolipid metabolism and nitrogen starvation response in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:336-351. [PMID: 31211859 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deficiency triggers an accumulation of a storage lipid triacylglycerol (TAG) in seed plants and algae. Whereas the metabolic pathway and regulatory mechanism to synthesize TAG from diacylglycerol are well known, enzymes involved in the supply of diacylglycerol remain elusive under N starvation. Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAT) catalyzes an important step of the de novo phospholipid biosynthesis pathway and thus has a strong flux control in the biosynthesis of phospholipids and TAG. Five LPAT isoforms are known in Arabidopsis; however, the functions of LPAT4 and LPAT5 remain elusive. Here, we show that LPAT4 and LPAT5 are functional endoplasmic-reticulum-localized LPATs. Seedlings of the double knockout mutant lpat4-1 lpat5-1 showed reduced content of phospholipids and TAG under normal growth condition. Under N starvation, lpat4-1 lpat5-1 seedlings showed severer growth defect than the wild-type in shoot. The phenotype was similar to dgat1-4, which affects a major TAG biosynthesis pathway and showed similarly reduced TAG content as the lpat4-1 lpat5-1. We suggest that LPAT4 and LPAT5 may redundantly function in endoplasmic-reticulum-localized de novo glycerolipid biosynthesis for phospholipids and TAG, which is important for the N starvation response in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artik Elisa Angkawijaya
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 sec.2 Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Van Cam Nguyen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 sec.2 Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 sec.2 Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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22
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Kumar N, Gautam A, Dubey AK, Ranjan R, Pandey A, Kumari B, Singh G, Mandotra S, Chauhan PS, Srikrishna S, Dutta V, Mallick S. GABA mediated reduction of arsenite toxicity in rice seedling through modulation of fatty acids, stress responsive amino acids and polyamines biosynthesis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 173:15-27. [PMID: 30743076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a free amino acid, which helps to counteract biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. In the present study, two concentrations of GABA, i.e., 0.5 mM and 1 mM were applied to examine the tolerance of rice seedlings against As(III) (25 µM) toxicity, through the modulations of fatty acids (FAs), stress responsive amino acids (AAs) and polyamines (PAs) biosynthesis. Exogenous GABA (0.5 mM) application significantly reduced the H2O2 and TBARS levels and recovered the growth parameters against As(III) stressed rice seedlings. Simultaneously, co-application of GABA (0.5 and 1 mM) and As(III), consistently enhanced the level of unsaturated fatty acids (USFA) (cis-10-pentadecanoic acid, oleic acid, α-linolenic acid and γ-linolenic acid), which was higher than saturated fatty acid (SFA). Among the USFAs, level of linolenic acid was found to be always higher with GABA application. Similarly, elevated level of AAs (proline, methionine, glutamic acid and cysteine) was also observed with the application of GABA (0.5 and 1 mM) in As(III) stressed seedlings. GABA also enhanced the expression of genes involved in the polyamine synthesis pathway namely arginine decarboxylase (AD), spermine (SPM) and spermidine (SPD) synthase against As(III) treatments, which was higher in roots than in shoots, resulting in enhanced root PAs level. Contrarily, the expression of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (S-AMD) was significantly higher in shoots. Among all the PAs, level of putrescine (PUT) was found to be highest with GABA application. Overall, the study demonstrates that GABA (0.5 mM) at lower concentration plays a vital role in As(III) tolerance by enhancing the biosynthesis of USFA, AA and PA, reducing the level of TBARS and H2O2 in rice seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Kumar
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | | | - Ruma Ranjan
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Babita Kumari
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Gayatri Singh
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | - Saripella Srikrishna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Venkatesh Dutta
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
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Boonchaisri S, Rochfort S, Stevenson T, Dias DA. Recent developments in metabolomics-based research in understanding transgenic grass metabolism. Metabolomics 2019; 15:47. [PMID: 30877485 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1507-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transgenic herbicide-resistant (HR) turfgrass together with its associated, broad spectrum herbicides promise cheap, selective and efficient weed control by excluding infested weeds resulting in turf lawn with high uniformity and aesthetic value. The concept of this "weeding program" initiated from modern biotechnology has been widely implemented in several principal crops including maize, soybean, canola and cotton as early as the 1990s. Transgenic HR turfgrass classified as a genetically modified organism (GMO) has undoubtedly caused public concern with respect to its biosafety and legalities similar to well-established HR crops. Nevertheless, applying metabolomics-based approaches which focuses on the identification of the global metabolic state of a biological system in response to either internal or external stimuli can also provide a comprehensive characterization of transgenic grass metabolism and its involvement in biosecurity and public perception. AIM OF REVIEW This review summaries the recent applications of metabolomics applied to HR crops to predict the molecular and physiological phenotypes of HR turfgrass species, glyphosate-resistant Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and glufosinate-resistant creeping bentgrass (Agrotis stonifera L.). Additionally, this review also presents background knowledge with respect to the application of metabolomics, transformation of HR crops and its biosafety concerns, turfgrass botanical knowledge and its economic and aesthetic value. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to demonstrate the molecular and physiological phenotypes of HR turfgrass based on several lines of evidence primarily derived from metabolomics data applied to HR crops to identify alterations on HR turfgrass metabolism as a result of genetic modification that confers resistant traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone Rochfort
- Agriculture Research Victoria, AgriBio, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Trevor Stevenson
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Daniel A Dias
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
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24
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Xu C, Xia C, Xia Z, Zhou X, Huang J, Huang Z, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Casteel S, Zhang C. Physiological and transcriptomic responses of reproductive stage soybean to drought stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:1611-1624. [PMID: 30099610 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2332-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The dynamic alterations of the physiological and molecular processes in reproductive stage soybean indicated the dramatic impact caused by drought. Drought is a major abiotic stress that limits soybean (Glycine max) production. Most prior studies were focused on either model species or crops that are at their vegetative stages. It is known that the reproductive stage of soybean is more susceptible to drought. Therefore, an understanding on the responsive mechanisms during this stage will not only be important for basic plant physiology, but the knowledge can also be used for crop improvement via either genetic engineering or molecular breeding. In this study, physiological measurements and RNA-Seq analysis were used to dissect the metabolic alterations and molecular responses in the leaves of soybean grown at drought condition. Photosynthesis rate, stomata conductance, transpiration, and water potential were reduced. The activities of SOD and CAT were increased, while the activity of POD stayed unchanged. A total of 2771 annotated genes with at least twofold changes were found to be differentially expressed in the drought-stressed plants in which 1798 genes were upregulated and 973 were downregulated. Via KEGG analysis, these genes were assigned to multiple molecular pathways, including ABA biogenesis, compatible compound accumulation, secondary metabolite synthesis, fatty acid desaturation, plant transcription factors, etc. The large number of differentially expressed genes and the diverse pathways indicated that soybean employs complicated mechanisms to cope with drought. Some of the identified genes and pathways can be used as targets for genetic engineering or molecular breeding to improve drought resistance in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congshan Xu
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chao Xia
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xia
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Xiangjun Zhou
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | | | - Yan Liu
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- The Institute of Sericulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiwei Jiang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Shaun Casteel
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Cankui Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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25
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Chikwanha OC, Raffrenato E, Opara UL, Fawole OA, Setati ME, Muchenje V, Mapiye C. Impact of dehydration on retention of bioactive profile and biological activities of different grape (Vitis vinifera L.) pomace varieties. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Corpas FJ, Del Río LA, Palma JM. A Role for RNS in the Communication of Plant Peroxisomes with Other Cell Organelles? Subcell Biochem 2018; 89:473-493. [PMID: 30378037 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-2233-4_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant peroxisomes are organelles with a very active participation in the cellular regulation of the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, during the last two decades peroxisomes have been shown to be also a relevant source of nitric oxide (NO) and other related molecules designated as reactive nitrogen species (RNS). ROS and RNS have been mainly associated to nitro-oxidative processes; however, some members of these two families of molecules such as H2O2, NO or S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) are also involved in the mechanism of signaling processes mainly through post-translational modifications. Peroxisomes interact metabolically with other cell compartments such as chloroplasts, mitochondria or oil bodies in different pathways including photorespiration, glyoxylate cycle or β-oxidation, but peroxisomes are also involved in the biosynthesis of phytohormones including auxins and jasmonic acid (JA). This review will provide a comprehensive overview of peroxisomal RNS metabolism with special emphasis in the identified protein targets of RNS inside and outside these organelles. Moreover, the potential interconnectivity between peroxisomes and other plant organelles, such as mitochondria or chloroplasts, which could have a regulatory function will be explored, with special emphasis on photorespiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain.
| | - Luis A Del Río
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - José M Palma
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
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Jouhet J, Lupette J, Clerc O, Magneschi L, Bedhomme M, Collin S, Roy S, Maréchal E, Rébeillé F. LC-MS/MS versus TLC plus GC methods: Consistency of glycerolipid and fatty acid profiles in microalgae and higher plant cells and effect of a nitrogen starvation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182423. [PMID: 28771624 PMCID: PMC5542700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods to analyze lipidomes have considerably evolved, more and more based on mass spectrometry technics (LC-MS/MS). However, accurate quantifications using these methods require 13C-labeled standards for each lipid, which is not feasible because of the very large number of molecules. Thus, quantifications rely on standard molecules representative of a whole class of lipids, which might lead to false estimations of some molecular species. Here, we determined and compared glycerolipid distributions from three different types of cells, two microalgae (Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Nannochloropsis gaditana) and one higher plant (Arabidopsis thaliana), using either LC-MS/MS or Thin Layer Chromatography coupled with Gas Chromatography (TLC-GC), this last approach relying on the precise quantification of the fatty acids present in each glycerolipid class. Our results showed that the glycerolipid distribution was significantly different depending on the method used. How can one reconcile these two analytical methods? Here we propose that the possible bias with MS data can be circumvented by systematically running in tandem with the sample to be analyzed a lipid extract from a qualified control (QC) of each type of cells, previously analyzed by TLC-GC, and used as an external standard to quantify the MS results. As a case study, we applied this method to compare the impact of a nitrogen deficiency on the three types of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Unité mixte de recherche 5168 CNRS - CEA - INRA - Université Grenoble Alpes, Bioscience and Biotechnologies Institute of Grenoble, CEA Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Josselin Lupette
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Unité mixte de recherche 5168 CNRS - CEA - INRA - Université Grenoble Alpes, Bioscience and Biotechnologies Institute of Grenoble, CEA Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Clerc
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Unité mixte de recherche 5168 CNRS - CEA - INRA - Université Grenoble Alpes, Bioscience and Biotechnologies Institute of Grenoble, CEA Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Leonardo Magneschi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Unité mixte de recherche 5168 CNRS - CEA - INRA - Université Grenoble Alpes, Bioscience and Biotechnologies Institute of Grenoble, CEA Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Mariette Bedhomme
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Unité mixte de recherche 5168 CNRS - CEA - INRA - Université Grenoble Alpes, Bioscience and Biotechnologies Institute of Grenoble, CEA Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Séverine Collin
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Unité mixte de recherche 5168 CNRS - CEA - INRA - Université Grenoble Alpes, Bioscience and Biotechnologies Institute of Grenoble, CEA Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvaine Roy
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Unité mixte de recherche 5168 CNRS - CEA - INRA - Université Grenoble Alpes, Bioscience and Biotechnologies Institute of Grenoble, CEA Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Unité mixte de recherche 5168 CNRS - CEA - INRA - Université Grenoble Alpes, Bioscience and Biotechnologies Institute of Grenoble, CEA Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Fabrice Rébeillé
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Unité mixte de recherche 5168 CNRS - CEA - INRA - Université Grenoble Alpes, Bioscience and Biotechnologies Institute of Grenoble, CEA Grenoble, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail:
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Jin Y, Hu J, Liu X, Ruan Y, Sun C, Liu C. T- 6b allocates more assimilation product for oil synthesis and less for polysaccharide synthesis during the seed development of Arabidopsis thaliana. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:19. [PMID: 28127400 PMCID: PMC5251281 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0706-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA oncogene, T-6b induces the development of tumors and the enation syndrome in vegetative tissues of transgenic plants. Most of these effects are related to increases in soluble sugar contents. To verify the potential roles of T-6b in the distribution of carbon in developing seeds, not in vegetative tissues, we fused an endosperm-specific promoter to the T-6b gene for expression in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants. RESULTS The expression of T-6b in reproductive organs did not induce the development of the enation syndrome, and moreover, promoted endosperm expansion, which increased the total seed biomass by more than 10%. Additionally, T-6b also increased oil content in mature seeds by more than 10% accompanied with the decrease of starch and mucilage content at the same time. CONCLUSIONS T-6b enhances seed biomass and helps oil biosynthesis but not polysaccharides in reproductive organs without disturbing vegetative growth and development. Our findings suggest T-6b may be very useful for increasing oil production in biodiesel plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkai Jin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7080, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jia Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
- Key Laboratory of Education, Department of Hunan Province on Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Xun Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
- Key Laboratory of Education, Department of Hunan Province on Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Ying Ruan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
- Key Laboratory of Education, Department of Hunan Province on Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Chuanxin Sun
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7080, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chunlin Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
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Botella C, Jouhet J, Block MA. Importance of phosphatidylcholine on the chloroplast surface. Prog Lipid Res 2017; 65:12-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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30
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Meï CE, Cussac M, Haslam RP, Beaudoin F, Wong YS, Maréchal E, Rébeillé F. C1 Metabolism Inhibition and Nitrogen Deprivation Trigger Triacylglycerol Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana Cell Cultures and Highlight a Role of NPC in Phosphatidylcholine-to-Triacylglycerol Pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:2014. [PMID: 28101097 PMCID: PMC5209388 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation often occurs in growth limiting conditions such as nutrient deprivations. We analyzed and compared the lipid contents of Arabidopsis cells grown under two conditions that inhibited growth as a way to study interactions between membrane and storage lipids. In order to inhibit C1 metabolism, the first condition utilized methotrexate (MTX), a drug that inhibits methyl transfer reactions and potentially reduces Pi-choline synthesis, the polar head of phosphatidylcholine (PC). MTX-treated cells displayed a 10- to 15-fold increase in TAG compared to that found in control cells. This corresponded to a net increase of lipids as the total amount of membrane glycerolipids was minimally affected. Under this condition, PC homeostasis appeared tightly regulated and not strictly dependent on the rate of Pi-choline synthesis. The second condition we investigated involved nitrogen deprivation. Here, we observed a 40-fold increase of TAG. In these cells, the overall lipid content remained unchanged, but membrane lipids decreased by a factor of two suggesting a reduction of the membrane network and a rerouting of membrane lipids to storage lipids. Under all conditions, fatty acid (FA) analyses showed that the FA composition of TAG was comparable to that in PC, but different from that in acyl-CoA, suggesting that TAG accumulation involved PC-derived DAG moieties. In agreement, analyses by qPCR of genes coding for TAG synthesis showed a strong increase of non-specific phospholipase C (NPC) expressions, and experiments using labeled (fluorescent) PC indicated higher rates of PC-to-TAG conversion under both situations. These results highlight a role for NPC in plant cell oil production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coline E. Meï
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, UMR 5168 CNRS – CEA – INRA – Université Grenoble Alpes, Bioscience and Biotechnologies Institute of GrenobleCEA-Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Mathilde Cussac
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, UMR 5168 CNRS – CEA – INRA – Université Grenoble Alpes, Bioscience and Biotechnologies Institute of GrenobleCEA-Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Richard P. Haslam
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted ResearchHarpenden, UK
| | - Frédéric Beaudoin
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted ResearchHarpenden, UK
| | - Yung-Sing Wong
- Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, UMR 5063 CNRS – Université Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, UMR 5168 CNRS – CEA – INRA – Université Grenoble Alpes, Bioscience and Biotechnologies Institute of GrenobleCEA-Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Fabrice Rébeillé
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, UMR 5168 CNRS – CEA – INRA – Université Grenoble Alpes, Bioscience and Biotechnologies Institute of GrenobleCEA-Grenoble, Grenoble, France
- *Correspondence: Fabrice Rébeillé,
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