1
|
Kadam AH, Schnitzer JE. Insights into Disease Progression of Translational Preclinical Rat Model of Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis through Endpoint Analysis. Cells 2024; 13:515. [PMID: 38534359 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating interstitial lung disease characterized by the relentless deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), causing lung distortions and dysfunction. Animal models of human IPF can provide great insight into the mechanistic pathways underlying disease progression and a means for evaluating novel therapeutic approaches. In this study, we describe the effect of bleomycin concentration on disease progression in the classical rat bleomycin model. In a dose-response study (1.5, 2, 2.5 U/kg i.t), we characterized lung fibrosis at day 14 after bleomycin challenge using endpoints including clinical signs, inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen content, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid-soluble profibrotic mediators. Furthermore, we investigated fibrotic disease progression after 2 U/kg i.t. bleomycin administration at days 3, 7, and 14 by quantifying the expression of clinically relevant signaling molecules and pathways, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers, ECM components, and histopathology of the lung. A single bleomycin challenge resulted in a progressive fibrotic response in rat lung tissue over 14 days based on lung collagen content, histopathological changes, and modified Ashcroft score. The early fibrogenesis phase (days 3 to 7) is associated with an increase in profibrotic mediators including TGFβ1, IL6, TNFα, IL1β, CINC1, WISP1, VEGF, and TIMP1. In the mid and late fibrotic stages, the TGFβ/Smad and PDGF/AKT signaling pathways are involved, and clinically relevant proteins targeting galectin-3, LPA1, transglutaminase-2, and lysyl oxidase 2 are upregulated on days 7 and 14. Between days 7 and 14, the expressions of vimentin and α-SMA proteins increase, which is a sign of EMT activation. We confirmed ECM formation by increased expressions of procollagen-1Aα, procollagen-3Aα, fibronectin, and CTGF in the lung on days 7 and 14. Our data provide insights on a complex network of several soluble mediators, clinically relevant signaling pathways, and target proteins that contribute to drive the progressive fibrotic phenotype from the early to late phase (active) in the rat bleomycin model. The framework of endpoints of our study highlights the translational value for pharmacological interventions and mechanistic studies using this model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil H Kadam
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), 505 Coast Blvd. South, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jan E Schnitzer
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), 505 Coast Blvd. South, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang TT, Chen CM, Chen LG, Lan YW, Huang TH, Choo KB, Chong KY. 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via regulating pro-fibrotic signaling pathways. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:997100. [PMID: 36267283 PMCID: PMC9577370 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.997100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-Glucoside (THSG) is the main active ingredient extracted from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PMT), which has been reported to possess extensive pharmacological properties. Nevertheless, the exact role of THSG in pulmonary fibrosis has not been demonstrated yet. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of THSG against bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis in a murine model, and explore the underlying mechanisms of THSG in transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced fibrogenesis using MRC-5 human lung fibroblast cells. We found that THSG significantly attenuated lung injury by reducing fibrosis and extracellular matrix deposition. THSG treatment significantly downregulated the expression levels of TGF-β1, fibronectin, α-SMA, CTGF, and TGFBR2, however, upregulated the expression levels of antioxidants (SOD-1 and catalase) and LC3B in the lungs of BLM-treated mice. THSG treatment decreased the expression levels of fibronectin, α-SMA, and CTGF in TGF-β1-stimulated MRC-5 cells. Conversely, THSG increased the expression levels of SOD-1 and catalase. Furthermore, treatment of THSG profoundly reduced the TGF-β1-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, THSG restored TGF-β1-induced impaired autophagy, accompany by increasing the protein levels of LC3B-II and Beclin 1. Mechanism study indicated that THSG significantly reduced TGF-β1-induced increase of TGFBR2 expression and phosphorylation of Smad2/3, Akt, mTOR, and ERK1/2 in MRC-5 cells. These findings suggest that THSG may be considered as an anti-fibrotic drug for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Teng Huang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center and the Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Geeng Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Wei Lan
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, The Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Tse-Hung Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Kong Bung Choo
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kowit-Yu Chong
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Medical Research Lab, Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Kowit-Yu Chong,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Y, Wang L, Zhang Q, Tian L, Gan C, Liu H, Yin W, Ye T. Blueberry Juice Attenuates Pulmonary Fibrosis via Blocking the TGF-β1/Smad Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:825915. [PMID: 35418869 PMCID: PMC8996108 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.825915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, fatal, and chronic lung disease, lacking a validated and effective therapy. Blueberry has demonstrated multiple pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether blueberry juice (BBJ) could ameliorate IPF. Experiments in vitro revealed that BBJ could significantly reduce the expressions of TGF-β1 modulated fibrotic protein, which were involved in the cascade of fibrosis in NIH/3T3 cells and human pulmonary fibroblasts. In addition, for rat primary lung fibroblasts (RPLFs), BBJ promoted the cell apoptosis along with reducing the expressions of α-SMA, vimentin, and collagen I, while increasing the E-cadherin level. Furthermore, BBJ could reverse epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotypic changes and inhibit cell migration, along with inducing the upregulation of E-cadherin in A549 cells. Compared with the vehicle group, BBJ treatment alleviated fibrotic pathological changes and collagen deposition in both bleomycin-induced prevention and treatment pulmonary fibrosis models. In fibrotic lung tissues, BBJ remarkably suppressed the expressions of collagen I, α-SMA, and vimentin and improved E-cadherin, which may be related to its inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad pathway and anti-inflammation efficacy. Taken together, these findings comprehensively proved that BBJ could effectively prevent and attenuate idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis via suppressing EMT and the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Li
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University-Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianyu Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Tian
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cailing Gan
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyao Liu
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenya Yin
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tinghong Ye
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Structure and immunomodulatory activity of a water-soluble α-glucan from Hirsutella sinensis mycelia. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:857-868. [PMID: 34464642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hirsutella sinensis, the anamorph of Ophiocordyceps sinensis (syn. Cordyceps sinensis), is a great substitute for precious and rare wild Cordyceps sinensis to effectively treat a variety of lung and kidney diseases. In this study, an α-glucan (named as HSWP-2a) was obtained by hot water extraction, DEAE-cellulose separation, and Sepharose CL-6B purification from H. sinensis mycelia. Different from known α-glucans, HSWP-2a is an α-(1 → 4)-D-glucan that branched at O-6, O-3, or O-2 with a terminal 1-linked α-D-Glcp as side chain, with an average molecular weight of 870.70 kDa. Immunological tests showed that HSWP-2a could remarkably enhance the phagocytosis of macrophages and increase the production of NO, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, via activating the p38, JNK, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Moreover, HSWP-2a could significantly promote splenic lymphocyte proliferation. Taken together, HSWP-2a may be potentially utilized as a natural immunomodulatory agent.
Collapse
|
5
|
Nakano T, Chiang KC, Chen CC, Chen PJ, Lai CY, Hsu LW, Ohmori N, Goto T, Chen CL, Goto S. Sunlight Exposure and Phototherapy: Perspectives for Healthy Aging in an Era of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010950. [PMID: 34682694 PMCID: PMC8535353 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Most humans depend on sunlight exposure to satisfy their requirements for vitamin D3. However, the destruction of the ozone layer in the past few decades has increased the risk of skin aging and wrinkling caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which may also promote the risk of skin cancer development. The promotion of public health recommendations to avoid sunlight exposure would reduce the risk of skin cancer, but it would also enhance the risk of vitamin D3 insufficiency/deficiency, which may cause disease development and progression. In addition, the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic may further reduce sunlight exposure due to stay-at-home policies, resulting in difficulty in active and healthy aging. In this review article, we performed a literature search in PubMed and provided an overview of basic and clinical data regarding the impact of sunlight exposure and vitamin D3 on public health. We also discuss the potential mechanisms and clinical value of phototherapy with a full-spectrum light (notably blue, red, and near-infrared light) as an alternative to sunlight exposure, which may contribute to combating COVID-19 and promoting active and healthy aging in current aged/superaged societies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Nakano
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (P.-J.C.); (L.-W.H.)
- Liver Transplantation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-L.C.)
- Correspondence: (T.N.); (S.G.); Tel.: +886-7-731-7123 (T.N.); +81-975-53-2165 (S.G.)
| | - Kuei-Chen Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (P.-J.C.); (L.-W.H.)
- Liver Transplantation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Chien-Chih Chen
- Liver Transplantation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-L.C.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (P.-J.C.); (L.-W.H.)
| | - Chia-Yun Lai
- Liver Transplantation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Li-Wen Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (P.-J.C.); (L.-W.H.)
- Liver Transplantation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Naoya Ohmori
- Faculty of Nursing, Josai International University, Togane 283-8555, Japan; (N.O.); (T.G.)
- Kazusa Institute for Drug Discovery, Josai International University, Togane 283-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Goto
- Faculty of Nursing, Josai International University, Togane 283-8555, Japan; (N.O.); (T.G.)
- Kazusa Institute for Drug Discovery, Josai International University, Togane 283-8555, Japan
| | - Chao-Long Chen
- Liver Transplantation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Shigeru Goto
- Liver Transplantation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-L.C.)
- Faculty of Nursing, Josai International University, Togane 283-8555, Japan; (N.O.); (T.G.)
- Nobeoka Medical Check Center, Fukuoka Institution of Occupational Health, Nobeoka 882-0872, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.N.); (S.G.); Tel.: +886-7-731-7123 (T.N.); +81-975-53-2165 (S.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fang M, Jin L, Mao W, Jin L, Cai Y, Ma Q, Liu X, Hua J, Zhu J, Fu H, Shou Q. Hirsutella sinensis fungus improves cardiac function in mouse model of heart failure. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111885. [PMID: 34385104 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps sinensis, including Hirsutella sinensis, is a highly valuable traditional Chinese medicine and is used to treat patients with pulmonary heart disease in clinical practice. However, the underlying mechanisms of its effects remain unclear. In this study, a mouse model of heart failure established by non-thoracic, transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was developed to determine the underlying mechanisms of therapeutic effects of Hirsutella sinensis fungus (HSF) powder. The results showed that HSF treatment remarkably ameliorated myocardial hypertrophy, collagen fiber hyperplasia, and cardiac function in mice with heart failure. Using transcriptional and epigenetic analyses, we found that the mechanism of HSF mainly involved a variety of signaling pathways related to myocardial fibrosis and determined that HSF could reduce the levels of TGF-β1 proteins in heart tissue, as well as type I and III collagen levels. These data suggest that HSF alleviates heart failure, inhibits irreversible ventricular remodeling, and improves cardiac function through the regulation of myocardial fibrosis-related signaling pathways, which can provide novel opportunities to improve heart failure therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingsun Fang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Xinhua Hospital), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China; Animal Experimental Research Center/Institute of Comparative Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Lushuai Jin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Xinhua Hospital), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Wen Mao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Xinhua Hospital), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Lu Jin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Xinhua Hospital), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Sexual function of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Yueqin Cai
- Animal Experimental Research Center/Institute of Comparative Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Quanxin Ma
- Animal Experimental Research Center/Institute of Comparative Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Xia Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Xinhua Hospital), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Sexual function of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Junyi Hua
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Xinhua Hospital), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Sexual function of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Jiazhen Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China.
| | - Huiying Fu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Xinhua Hospital), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Sexual function of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, PR China.
| | - Qiyang Shou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Xinhua Hospital), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Sexual function of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hiraishi K, Kurahara LH, Feng J, Yamamura A, Cui Y, Yahiro E, Yokomise H, Go T, Ishikawa K, Yokota N, Fujiwara A, Onitsuka M, Abe K, Ohga S, Satoh T, Okada Y, Yue L, Inoue R, Hirano K. Substantial involvement of TRPM7 inhibition in the therapeutic effect of Ophiocordyceps sinensis on pulmonary hypertension. Transl Res 2021; 233:127-143. [PMID: 33691194 PMCID: PMC9225677 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ophiocordyceps sinensis (OCS), an entomopathogenic fungus, is known to exert antiproliferative and antitissue remodeling effects. Vascular remodeling and vasoconstriction play critical roles in the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). The therapeutic potential of OCS for PH was investigated using rodent PH models, and cultured pulmonary artery endothelial and smooth muscle cells (PAECs and PASMCs), with a focus on the involvement of TRPM7. OCS ameliorated the development of PH, right ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction in the monocrotaline-induced PH rats. The genetic knockout of TRPM7 attenuated the development of PH in mice with monocrotaline pyrrole-induced PH. TRPM7 was associated with medial hypertrophy and the plexiform lesions in rats and humans with PH. OCS suppressed proliferation of PASMCs derived from the PH patients. Ethanol extracts of OCS inhibited TRPM7-like current, TGF-β2-induced endothelial-mesenchymal transition, IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation, and PDGF-induced Akt phosphorylation in PAECs or PASMCs. These inhibitory effects were recapitulated by either siRNA-mediated TRPM7 knockdown or treatment with TRPM7 antagonist FTY-720. OCS and FTY-720 induced vasorelaxation in the isolated normal human pulmonary artery. As a result, the present study proposes the therapeutic potential of OCS for the treatment of PH. The inhibition of TRPM7 is suggested to underlie the therapeutic effect of OCS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keizo Hiraishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan; Department of Physiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Johnan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Lin Hai Kurahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan; Department of Physiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Johnan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Jianlin Feng
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Aya Yamamura
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuanyuan Cui
- Department of Physiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Johnan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan; School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanxi key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Eiji Yahiro
- Fukuoka University Medical Education Center, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Johnan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Yokomise
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Miki-cho, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Go
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Miki-cho, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kaori Ishikawa
- Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Miki-cho, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Naoya Yokota
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Miki-cho, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujiwara
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Miki-cho, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Miki Onitsuka
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Abe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shoji Ohga
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyusyu University Professor Emeritus, Kasuya-gun, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toru Satoh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Okada
- Division of Internal Medicine and Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Murayama Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lixia Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Ryuji Inoue
- Department of Physiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Johnan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Katsuya Hirano
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
H. sinensis mycelium inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition by inactivating the midkine pathway in pulmonary fibrosis. Front Med 2021; 15:313-329. [PMID: 33908025 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
The medical fungus Hirsutella sinensis has been used as a Chinese folk health supplement because of its immunomodulatory properties. Our previous studies established the antifibrotic action of Hirsutella sinensis mycelium (HSM) in the lung. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The present study investigates the role of HSM in mediating EMT during the development of pulmonary fibrosis. HSM significantly inhibits bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis by blocking the EMT. In addition, the expression levels of midkine are increased in the lungs of the BLM-induced group. Further analysis of the results indicates that the mRNA level of midkine correlated positively with EMT. HSM markedly abrogates the transforming growth factor β-induced EMT-like phenotype and behavior in vitro. The activation of midkine related signaling pathway is ameliorated following HSM treatment, whereas this extract also caused an effective attenuation of the induction of EMT (caused by midkine overexpression) in vitro. Results further confirm that oral medication of HSM disrupted the midkine pathway in vivo. Overall, findings suggest that the midkine pathway and the regulation of the EMT may be considered novel candidate therapeutic targets for the antifibrotic effects caused by HSM.
Collapse
|
9
|
In Vitro Methods to Evaluate the Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on TGF-β1-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 33687673 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1225-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
A co-culture model of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and fibroblasts is an efficient and rapid method to evaluate the anti-fibrotic effects of MSCs-based cell therapy. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 plays a key role in promotion of fibroblast activation and differentiation which can induce collagen deposition, increase ECM production in lung tissue, eventually resulted in pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we use this co-culture system and examine the ECM production in activated fibroblasts by western blot and quantitative real-time analysis to understand the therapeutic effects of MSCs.
Collapse
|
10
|
Fu J, Lu L, Wang H, Hou Y, Dou H. Hirsutella sinensis mycelium regulates autophagy of alveolar macrophages via TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:1810-1823. [PMID: 33746598 PMCID: PMC7976595 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.51654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hirsutella sinensis mycelium (HSM) has potent anti-pulmonary fibrotic activities and has been proposed as an effective treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Macrophages are the main innate immune cells in the lung tissue, playing key roles in pulmonary fibrosis repair and homeostasis. Excessive macrophage autophagy plays a vital role in pulmonary fibrosis. The protective effect of HSM on macrophages of bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrotic mice remain unclear. Methods: In this study, we collected lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from pulmonary fibrotic mice. Meanwhile, alveolar macrophages were isolated and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cell line was cultured for further study of HSM autophagy. Results: First, we found that HSM decreased the number of autophagosomes, as well as the levels of LC3B and ATG5, and increased the protein level of P62 during the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Meanwhile, HSM reduced alveolar macrophages infiltration into the BALF and inhibited their accumulation in the fibrotic lung tissue. Flow cytometry analysis showed that HSM administration inhibited the autophagy marker LC3B expression in CD11bloCD11chi alveolar macrophages in BLM-induced lung fibrosis without affecting CD11bhiCD11clo interstitial macrophages. Transmission electron microscopy and JC-1 staining for mitochondrial membrane potential of alveolar macrophages also verified that the HSM significantly decreased autophagy in the alveolar macrophages of BLM-treated mice. In vitro, autophagosomes-lysosome fusion inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) was pre-incubated with RAW264.7 cells, and HSM reduced CQ-induced autophagosomes accumulation. TLR4 signaling inhibitor CLI095 reversed the above effects, suggesting HSM could reduce the cumulation of autophagosomes dependent on TLR4. Furthermore, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated TLR4-related autophagy was significantly inhibited by HSM treatment. In addition, the protein expressions of TLR4 and phospho-NF-κB p65 were markedly inhibited in cells treated with HSM. Conclusions: These results indicated that HSM could inhibit the autophagy of alveolar macrophages through TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway to achieve anti-fibrotic effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juanhua Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Li Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Haining Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Huan Dou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Limanaqi F, Busceti CL, Biagioni F, Lazzeri G, Forte M, Schiavon S, Sciarretta S, Frati G, Fornai F. Cell Clearing Systems as Targets of Polyphenols in Viral Infections: Potential Implications for COVID-19 Pathogenesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111105. [PMID: 33182802 PMCID: PMC7697279 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has generated the ongoing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, still with an uncertain outcome. Besides pneumonia and acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), other features became evident in the context of COVID-19. These includes endothelial and coagulation dysfunction with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), along with the occurrence of neurological alterations. The multi-system nature of such viral infection is a witness to the exploitation and impairment of ubiquitous subcellular and metabolic pathways for the sake of its life-cycle, ranging from host cell invasion, replication, transmission, up to a cytopathic effect and overt systemic inflammation. In this frame, alterations in cell-clearing systems of the host are emerging as a hallmark in the pathogenesis of various respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Indeed, exploitation of the autophagy and proteasome pathways might contribute not only to the replication of the virus at the site of infection but also to the spreading of either mature virions or inflammatory mediators at both cellular and multisystem levels. In this frame, besides a pharmacological therapy, many researchers are wondering if some non-pharmacological substances might counteract or positively modulate the course of the infection. The pharmacological properties of natural compounds have gained increasing attention in the field of alternative and adjunct therapeutic approaches to several diseases. In particular, several naturally-occurring herbal compounds (mostly polyphenols) are reported to produce widespread antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant effects while acting as autophagy and (immuno)-proteasome modulators. This article attempts to bridge the perturbation of autophagy and proteasome pathways with the potentially beneficial effects of specific phytochemicals and flavonoids in viral infections, with a focus on the multisystem SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Limanaqi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Carla Letizia Busceti
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed Pozzilli, Via Atinense, 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy (F.B.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed Pozzilli, Via Atinense, 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy (F.B.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
| | - Gloria Lazzeri
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Maurizio Forte
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed Pozzilli, Via Atinense, 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy (F.B.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
| | - Sonia Schiavon
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 40100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed Pozzilli, Via Atinense, 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy (F.B.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 40100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Giacomo Frati
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed Pozzilli, Via Atinense, 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy (F.B.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 40100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.L.); (G.L.)
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed Pozzilli, Via Atinense, 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy (F.B.); (M.F.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Businaro R, Maggi E, Armeli F, Murray A, Laskin DL. Nutraceuticals as potential therapeutics for vesicant-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1480:5-13. [PMID: 32725637 PMCID: PMC7936651 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to vesicants, including sulfur mustard and nitrogen mustard, causes damage to the epithelia of the respiratory tract and the lung. With time, this progresses to chronic disease, most notably, pulmonary fibrosis. The pathogenic process involves persistent inflammation and the release of cytotoxic oxidants, cytokines, chemokines, and profibrotic growth factors, which leads to the collapse of lung architecture, with fibrotic involution of the lung parenchyma. At present, there are no effective treatments available to combat this pathological process. Recently, much interest has focused on nutraceuticals, substances derived from plants, herbs, and fruits, that exert pleiotropic effects on inflammatory cells and parenchymal cells that may be useful in reducing fibrogenesis. Some promising results have been obtained with nutraceuticals in experimental animal models of inflammation-driven fibrosis. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the putative preventive/therapeutic efficacy of nutraceuticals in progressive pulmonary fibrosis, with a focus on their activity against inflammatory reactions and profibrotic cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Businaro
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Elisa Maggi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Federica Armeli
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Alexa Murray
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Debra L. Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Thota SM, Balan V, Sivaramakrishnan V. Natural products as home-based prophylactic and symptom management agents in the setting of COVID-19. Phytother Res 2020; 34:3148-3167. [PMID: 32881214 PMCID: PMC7461159 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) has rapidly spread across the globe affecting 213 countries or territories with greater than six million confirmed cases and about 0.37 million deaths, with World Health Organization categorizing it as a pandemic. Infected patients present with fever, cough, shortness of breath, and critical cases show acute respiratory infection and multiple organ failure. Likelihood of these severe indications is further enhanced by age as well as underlying comorbidities such as diabetes, cardiovascular, or thoracic problems, as well as due to an immunocompromised state. Currently, curative drugs or vaccines are lacking, and the standard of care is limited to symptom management. Natural products like ginger, turmeric, garlic, onion, cinnamon, lemon, neem, basil, and black pepper have been scientifically proven to have therapeutic benefits against acute respiratory tract infections including pulmonary fibrosis, diffuse alveolar damage, pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, as well as associated septic shock, lung and kidney injury, all of which are symptoms associated with COVID‐19 infection. This review highlights the potential of these natural products to serve as home‐based, inexpensive, easily accessible, prophylactic agents against COVID‐19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Manohar Thota
- Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur, India
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Engineering Technology Department, College of Technology, University of Houston, Sugar Land, Texas, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Usui-Kawanishi F, Takahashi M, Sakai H, Suto W, Kai Y, Chiba Y, Hiraishi K, Kurahara LH, Hori M, Inoue R. Implications of immune-inflammatory responses in smooth muscle dysfunction and disease. J Smooth Muscle Res 2020; 55:81-107. [PMID: 32023567 PMCID: PMC6997890 DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.55.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, solid evidence has been accumulated for the pivotal significance
of immunoinflammatory processes in the initiation, progression, and exacerbation of many
diseases and disorders. This groundbreaking view came from original works by Ross who
first described that excessive inflammatory-fibroproliferative response to various forms
of insult to the endothelium and smooth muscle of the artery wall is essential for the
pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (Ross, Nature 1993; 362(6423): 801–9). It is now widely
recognized that both innate and adaptive immune reactions are avidly involved in the
inflammation-related remodeling of many tissues and organs. When this state persists,
irreversible fibrogenic changes would occur often culminating in fatal insufficiencies of
many vital parenchymal organs such as liver, lung, heart, kidney and intestines. Thus,
inflammatory diseases are becoming the common life-threatening risk for and urgent concern
about the public health in developed countries (Wynn et al., Nature Medicine 2012; 18(7):
1028–40). Considering this timeliness, we organized a special symposium entitled
“Implications of immune/inflammatory responses in smooth muscle dysfunction and disease”
in the 58th annual meeting of the Japan Society of Smooth Muscle Research. This symposium
report will provide detailed synopses of topics presented in this symposium; (1) the role
of inflammasome in atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysms by Fumitake
Usui-Kawanishi and Masafumi Takahashi; (2) Mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of
hyper-contractility of bronchial smooth muscle in allergic asthma by Hiroyasu Sakai,
Wataru Suto, Yuki Kai and Yoshihiko Chiba; (3) Vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial
hypertension by Keizo Hiraishi, Lin Hai Kurahara and Ryuji Inoue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumitake Usui-Kawanishi
- Division of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Toyoma Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu-shi, Toyama 939-0398, Japan.,Division of Inflammation Research, Center of Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-159 Yakushiji, Shimono-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Masafumi Takahashi
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center of Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-159 Yakushiji, Shimono-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Analytical Pathophysiology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Wataru Suto
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Kai
- Department of Analytical Pathophysiology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Chiba
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Keizo Hiraishi
- Department of Physiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Lin Hai Kurahara
- Department of Physiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ido, Miki-machi, Kida-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hori
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ryuji Inoue
- Department of Physiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Martel J, Ojcius DM, Wu CY, Peng HH, Voisin L, Perfettini JL, Ko YF, Young JD. Emerging use of senolytics and senomorphics against aging and chronic diseases. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:2114-2131. [PMID: 32578904 DOI: 10.1002/med.21702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Senescence is a state of cell cycle arrest that plays an important role in embryogenesis, wound healing and protection against cancer. Senescent cells also accumulate during aging and contribute to the development of age-related disorders and chronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and liver disease. Molecules that induce apoptosis of senescent cells, such as dasatinib, quercetin, and fisetin, produce health benefits and extend lifespan in animal models. We describe here the mechanism of action of senolytics and senomorphics, many of which are derived from plants and fungi. We also discuss the possibility of using such compounds to delay aging and treat chronic diseases in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Martel
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - David M Ojcius
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, California
| | - Cheng-Yeu Wu
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Research Center of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Hsin Peng
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Laboratory Animal Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Laurent Voisin
- Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM U1030, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Luc Perfettini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, California.,Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM U1030, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Yun-Fei Ko
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - John D Young
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Effect of Hirsutella sinensis Fungus on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Lewis Rats with Kidney-Yang Deficiency Syndrome. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:5952612. [PMID: 32565866 PMCID: PMC7256706 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5952612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Kidney-yang deficiency syndrome (KYDS) is a classic syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine, which is mainly caused by damage to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Hirsutella sinensis fungus (HSF), an artificial substitute of Cordyceps sinensis, has been widely used in TCM. However, the effects and the possible mechanism of HSF on the HPA axis and corresponding KYDS have not yet been investigated. In this study, Lewis rats were used as a spontaneous KYDS model. HSF was intragastrically administered to the Lewis rats at two doses: low dose (1 g/kg) and high dose (2 g/kg). Body weight, temperature, and behavioral tests including grip strength, open field, and Morris water maze (MWM) tests were used to evaluate the KYDS symptoms. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the level of circulating adrenocortisol (ACTH), corticosterone (CORT), corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). In addition, mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 10 (IL-10), CRH, glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR). The Lewis rats were indicated to have KYDS symptoms and HSF treatment ameliorated these symptoms via enhancement of the HPA axis function, which was evidenced by the increased levels of CRH, ACTH, and CORT in serum and 17-OHCS in urine. HSF also significantly improved the expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-2, secreted by Th1 cells, which might accelerate the activation of the immune system related to the HPA axis function. Thus, we conclude that HSF can alleviate KYDS symptoms in Lewis rats by regulating the HPA axis through accelerated immune system activation.
Collapse
|
17
|
Yarsagumba is a Promising Therapeutic Option for Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension due to the Potent Anti-Proliferative and Vasorelaxant Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56030131. [PMID: 32188043 PMCID: PMC7142425 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56030131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by the vasoconstriction and abnormally proliferative vascular cells. The available allopathic treatment options for PH are still not able to cure the disease. Alternative medicine is becoming popular and drawing the attention of the general public and scientific communities. The entomogenous fungus Yarsagumba (Cordyceps sinensis) and its biologically active ingredient cordycepin may represent the therapeutic option for this incurable disease, owing to their anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory and anti-oxidative effects. Methods: In this study, we investigated whether Yarsagumba extract and cordycepin possess anti-proliferative and vasorelaxant properties in the context of PH, using 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine assay and isolated mice lungs, respectively. Results: Our results revealed that Yarsagumba extract and its bioactive compound cordycepin significantly attenuated the proliferation of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells derived from donor and PH subjects. In isolated murine lungs, only Yarsagumba extract, but not cordycepin, resulted in vasodilatation, indicating the probable existence of other bioactive metabolites present in Yarsagumba that may be responsible for this outcome. Conclusion: Future comprehensive in vivo and in vitro research is crucially needed to discover the profound mechanistic insights with regard to this promising therapeutic potency of Yarsagumba extract and to provide further evidence as to whether it can be used as a strategy for the treatment of PH.
Collapse
|
18
|
Hirsutella sinensis inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation to block aristolochic acid-induced renal tubular epithelial cell transdifferentiation. Hum Cell 2019; 33:79-87. [PMID: 31776855 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-019-00306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, kidney damage caused by ingestion of Chinese medicinal herbs containing Aristolochic acid (AA) has attracted extensive attention. However, whether the nephrotoxicity of AA is related to NLRP3 inflammasome has not been reported. Hirsutella sinensis (HS) has a certain therapeutic effect on aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) and is related to NLRP3 inflammasome. Therefore, this study explores whether HS plays a role in renal injury induced by AA through NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. AA-stimulated renal tubular epithelial cells showed that AA could promote the expression of NLRP3, ASC, and α-SMA, increase the secretion and expression of caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18, and inhibit the expression of E-cadherin in a dose- and time-dependent manner. When NLRP3 was down-regulated, the expression of α-SMA and E-cadherin did not change significantly, but significantly blocked the regulation of α-SMA and E-cadherin expression by AA. When AA and HS were added to renal tubular epithelial cells at the same time, the effects of AA on the expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, and α-SMA gradually decreased to the level of control group with the increase of HS dosage. At the same time, HS can reduce the transdifferentiation of renal tubular epithelial cells by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. These findings will provide important pharmacological references for the treatment of AAN and the clinical application of HS.
Collapse
|
19
|
Shang HY, Zhang JJ, Fu ZF, Liu YF, Li S, Chen S, Le WD. Therapeutic effects of hirsutella sinensis on the disease onset and progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in SOD1 G93A transgenic mouse model. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 26:90-100. [PMID: 31318169 PMCID: PMC6930832 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Although the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is still not completely understood, the deregulated microglia polarization and neuroinflammation have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of this disease. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether hirsutella sinensis (HS) could reduce neuroinflammatory and pathological changes in the spinal cord of SOD1G93A model mice of ALS and consequently ameliorate disease onset and progression. Methods SOD1G93A mice were chronically treated with HS by gavage. Their lifespan was recorded, and motor behavior was evaluated by rotarod test. The pathological changes in skeletal muscles and motor neurons in spinal cords were assessed by immunofluorescent staining and hematoxylin‐eosin staining. The microglia activation and neuroinflammation were determined by immunofluorescent staining and RT‐PCR. Results Our data suggested that repeated HS administration prolonged the lifespan and extended disease duration of ALS mice without significant delay on disease onset. HS ameliorated the pathological changes in the motor neurons and gastrocnemius muscles. Moreover, HS promoted the transition of microglia from pro‐inflammatory M1 to anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype in the spinal cord of ALS mice. Conclusion All these findings indicate that HS may serve as a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Shang
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,General Hospital of Yangtze River Shipping, Wuhan Brain Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, China
| | - Zhen-Fa Fu
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu-Fei Liu
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Song Li
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Dong Le
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hosseini S, Imenshahidi M, Hosseinzadeh H, Karimi G. Effects of plant extracts and bioactive compounds on attenuation of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:1454-1465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
|
21
|
Sun X, Dong Z, Li N, Feng X, Liu Y, Li A, Zhu X, Li C, Zhao Z. Nucleosides isolated from Ophiocordyceps sinensis inhibit cigarette smoke extract-induced inflammation via the SIRT1-nuclear factor-κB/p65 pathway in RAW264.7 macrophages and in COPD mice. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 13:2821-2832. [PMID: 30237706 PMCID: PMC6136406 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s172579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ophiocordyceps sinensis (C. sinensis) extracts have been found to have a therapeutic effect on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) plays an important role in the regulation of inflammatory mediators and correlates with lung function and COPD exacerbations. The objective of this work was to explore the anti-inflammatory effect and preliminary pathways of nucleosides from cultured C. sinensis on RAW264.7 macrophages and COPD mice. Materials and methods The nucleosides were extracted from cultured C. sinensis powder and further purified by macroporous resin D101 and glucan G10 columns. Inflammation and oxidative stress models in RAW264.7 macrophages and in mice were established by injection of cigarette smoke extract (CSE). We then examined how the isolated nucleosides regulated the production of the associated inflammatory mediators in vitro and in vivo by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot. Results The nucleosides inhibited inflammatory mediator expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and nitric oxide in both the CSE-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and mice. Moreover, the nucleosides elevated SIRT1 activation and suppressed nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/p65 activation in vitro and in vivo. Nucleoside treatment significantly decreased the levels of the inflammatory mediators in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum of the CSE-induced mice. The nucleosides also altered the recruitment of inflammatory cells in BALF and improved characteristic features of the lungs in the CSE-induced mice. Conclusion These results show that the nucleosides suppressed COPD inflammation through the SIRT1–NF-κB/p65 pathway, suggesting that the nucleosides may be partly responsible for the therapeutic effects of cultured C. sinensis on COPD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China,
| | - Zhonghua Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China,
| | - Nan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xiuli Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China,
| | - Ang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xiaosong Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China,
| | - Chunyan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China,
| | - Zhongxi Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China, .,Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Jujube Food and Drug, Jinan, People's Republic of China, .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mucosal and Transdermal Drug Delivery Technologies, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Huang TT, Lan YW, Ko YF, Chen CM, Lai HC, Ojcius DM, Martel J, Young JD, Chong KY. Antrodia cinnamomea produces anti-angiogenic effects by inhibiting the VEGFR2 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 220:239-249. [PMID: 29609012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The medicinal mushroom Antrodia cinnamomea has been used to treat cancer but its anti-angiogenic effects have not been studied in detail. AIM OF THE STUDY The main objective of this study was to determine the molecular mechanism of activity underlying the anti-angiogenic effects of A. cinnamomea. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of an A. cinnamomea ethanol extract (ACEE) on cell migration and microvessel formation were investigated in endothelial cells in vitro and Matrigel plugs implanted into mice in vivo. Activation of intracellular signaling pathways was examined using Western blotting. Protein expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry in a mouse model of lung metastasis. RESULTS We show that treatment with ACEE inhibits cell migration and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). ACEE suppresses phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and expression of pro-angiogenic kinases in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-treated HUVECs, in addition to reducing expression of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). ACEE treatment inhibits VEGF-induced microvessel formation in Matrigel plugs in vivo. In addition, ACEE significantly reduces VEGFR2 expression in Lewis lung carcinoma cells and downregulates the expression of cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) and VEGFR2 in murine lung metastases. CONCLUSION These results indicate that A. cinnamomea produces anti-angiogenic effects by inhibiting the VEGFR2 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Teng Huang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Wei Lan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Fei Ko
- Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei 10508, Taiwan; Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Center for Integrative Evolutionary Galliformes Genomics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chih Lai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Research Center of Bacterial Pathogenesis, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - David M Ojcius
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Jan Martel
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - John D Young
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei 10508, Taiwan; Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Kowit-Yu Chong
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jang S, Ryu SM, Lee J, Lee H, Hong SH, Ha KS, Park WS, Han ET, Yang SR. Bleomycin Inhibits Proliferation via Schlafen-Mediated Cell Cycle Arrest in Mouse Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2018; 82:133-142. [PMID: 29926548 PMCID: PMC6435923 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2017.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis involves irreversible alveolar destruction. Although alveolar epithelial type II cells are key functional participants within the lung parenchyma, how epithelial cells are affected upon bleomycin (BLM) exposure remains unknown. In this study, we determined whether BLM could induce cell cycle arrest via regulation of Schlafen (SLFN) family genes, a group of cell cycle regulators known to mediate growth-inhibitory responses and apoptosis in alveolar epithelial type II cells. Methods Mouse AE II cell line MLE-12 were exposed to 1–10 µg/mL BLM and 0.01–100 µM baicalein (Bai), a G1/G2 cell cycle inhibitor, for 24 hours. Cell viability and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed by MTT and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Apoptosis-related gene expression was evaluated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cellular morphology was determined after DAPI and Hoechst 33258 staining. To verify cell cycle arrest, propidium iodide (PI) staining was performed for MLE-12 after exposure to BLM. Results BLM decreased the proliferation of MLE-12 cells. However, it significantly increased expression levels of interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, and transforming growth factor β1. Based on Hoechst 33258 staining, BLM induced condensation of nuclear and fragmentation. Based on DAPI and PI staining, BLM significantly increased the size of nuclei and induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. Results of qRT-PCR analysis revealed that BLM increased mRNA levels of BAX but decreased those of Bcl2. In addition, BLM/Bai increased mRNA levels of p53, p21, SLFN1, 2, 4 of Schlafen family. Conclusion BLM exposure affects pulmonary epithelial type II cells, resulting in decreased proliferation possibly through apoptotic and cell cycle arrest associated signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Jang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Se Min Ryu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jooyeon Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hanbyeol Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Seok Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Kwon Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Eun Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Se Ran Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Oleanolic acid acetate attenuates polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in mice. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2018; 252-253:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
25
|
Xiao C, Xiao P, Li X, Li X, Li H, Chen Y, Wang Y, Xu Y, Huang G, Zhou Q. Cordyceps sinensis may inhibit Th22 cell chemotaxis to improve kidney function in lgA nephropathy. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:857-865. [PMID: 29636875 PMCID: PMC5883126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
IgA nephropathy is the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis and an important cause of kidney failure. Cordyceps sinensis (CS) is a parasitic fungus that has a long history of use in Chinese medicine for the treatment of nephritis. Interleukin (IL)-22-producing helper T cells (Th22 cells) have been reported to be involved in lgA nephropathy. Th22 cells link the immune response to tissue inflammation. To elucidate the possible efficacy and mechanisms by which CS counteracts nephritis, we established an IgA nephropathy model in 6-week-old female BALB/c mice. The mice were randomly separated into 3 groups, the normal control, IgA nephropathy and CS (5 mg/kg/d) treatment groups. The Th22 cell frequencies and the relative pathological and cytokine changes were measured with flow cytometry, whereas the serum chemokine ligand 27 (CCL27) and IL-22 concentrations were detected with ELISA. The Th22 cell frequency decreased after 1 month of CS therapy. Additionally, mesangial cell proliferation decreased. Moreover, the chemokine receptor type 10 (CCR10), CCL27 and IL-22 expression levels were significantly reduced. In conclusion, CS may modulate the chemotaxis of Th22 cells to suppress inflammatory responses in IgA nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenggen Xiao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaozhao Li
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of ChangshaChangsha 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Yusa Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Guoqing Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410008, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang L, Jiao X, Wu J, Zhao J, Liu T, Xu J, Ma X, Cao L, Liu L, Liu Y, Chi J, Zou M, Li S, Xu J, Dong L. Cordyceps sinensis inhibits airway remodeling in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:2731-2738. [PMID: 29456676 PMCID: PMC5795554 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps sinensis is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has been used for centuries in Asia as a tonic to soothe the lung for the treatment of respiratory diseases. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of C. sinensis on airway remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Rats with COPD were orally administered C. sinensis at low, moderate or high doses (2.5, 5 or 7.5 g/kg/day, respectively) for 12 weeks. Airway tissue histopathology, lung inflammation and airway remodeling were evaluated. C. sinensis treatment significantly ameliorated airway wall thickening, involving collagen deposition, airway wall fibrosis, smooth muscle hypertrophy and epithelial hyperplasia in model rats with COPD. Additionally, C. sinensis administration in rats with COPD reduced inflammatory cell accumulation and decreased inflammatory cytokine production, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-8 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Meanwhile, the increased levels of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen I in the COPD group were also markedly decreased by C. sinensis treatment. Furthermore, compared with untreated rats with COPD, C. sinensis reduced the expression level of phosphorylated (p)-Smad2, p-Smad3, TGF-β1 and its receptors, with the concomitant increased expression of Smad7 in the lungs of rats with COPD. These results indicated that treatment with C. sinensis may be a useful approach for COPD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
- Department of Tuberculosis, Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Xingai Jiao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jinxiang Wu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jiping Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
- Department of Tuberculosis, Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Liuzao Cao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yahui Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Chi
- Department of Tuberculosis, Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Minfang Zou
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li YH, Wei X, Ji S, Gui SY, Zhang SM. In vivo effects of the NLRP1/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway on latent respiratory virus infection. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:3620-3628. [PMID: 29512688 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat protein (NLRP)1/NLRP3 inflammasome pathways on latent viral infection of the respiratory tract. A total of 55 BALB/c mice were assigned to the control, bleomycin (BLM)‑treated, murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), MCMV+BLM and MCMV+BLM+CD4+ T‑cell groups. The viral loads were detected in the salivary glands, kidney, liver and lung tissues via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The weight, lung coefficient and hydroxyproline (HYP) were detected. HE and Masson staining were performed to score for alveolitis and degree of pulmonary fibrosis. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blot were applied to assess the expression levels of the NLRP inflammasome components caspase‑1, interleukin (IL)‑1β and IL‑18. ELISA was used to evaluate the expression levels of caspase‑1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, IL‑1β and IL‑18. The weight of the mice decreased, and the lung coefficient and HYP content increased in the BLM, MCMV, MCMV+BLM and MCMV+BLM+CD4+ T‑cell groups compared with those in the control group. Compared with the control group, mice in the BLM, MCMV+BLM and MCMV+BLM+CD4+ T‑cell groups had obviously increased alveolitis and degrees of pulmonary fibrosis, increased mRNA expression levels of caspase‑1, IL‑1β and IL‑18, and increased protein expression levels of caspase‑1(p20), mature IL‑1β and mature IL‑18. The values in the MCMV+BLM group were also higher than those in the BLM group and those in the MCMV+BLM+CD4+ T‑cell group. The serum levels of caspase‑1, TNF‑α, IL‑1β and IL‑18 in the serum of mice in the MCMV+BLM group were significantly higher than those in the BLM group. Compared with the MCMV+BLM group, the MCMV+BLM+CD4+ T‑cell group had decreased levels of caspase‑1, TNF‑α, IL‑1β and IL‑18 (all P<0.05). These results demonstrated that the activation of the NLRP1 and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways may contribute to pulmonary fibrosis caused by latent MCMV infection in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Huai Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Wei
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Ji
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Yu Gui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Su-Mei Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gamad N, Malik S, Suchal K, Vasisht S, Tomar A, Arava S, Arya DS, Bhatia J. Metformin alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats: Pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97:1544-1553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
29
|
Martel J, Ko YF, Liau JC, Lee CS, Ojcius DM, Lai HC, Young JD. Myths and Realities Surrounding the Mysterious Caterpillar Fungus. Trends Biotechnol 2017; 35:1017-1021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
30
|
Li H, Hao Y, Zhang H, Ying W, Li D, Ge Y, Ying B, Cheng B, Lian Q, Jin S. Posttreatment with Protectin DX ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and lung dysfunction in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46754. [PMID: 28466866 PMCID: PMC5413938 DOI: 10.1038/srep46754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protectin DX (10S,17S-dihydroxydocosa-4Z,7Z,11E,13Z,15E,19Z-hexaenoic acid) (PDX), generated from Ω-3 fatty docosahexaenoic acids, is believed to exert anti-inflammatory and proresolution bioactions. To date, few studies have been performed regarding its effect on pulmonary fibrosis. Herein we show that PDX exerts a potential therapeutic effect which is distinct from its anti-inflammation and pro-resolution activity on mice with pulmonary fibrosis. In the present study, we showed that bleomycin (BLM) increased inflammatory infiltration, collagen deposition, and lung dysfunction on day7 after challenged in mice. Posttreatment with PDX ameliorated BLM-induced inflammatory responses, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and the level of cytokines related to fibrosis as evaluated by histology analysis, transformation electron microscope (TEM), lung hydroxyproline content and cytokines test. Moreover, PDX improved lung respiratory function, remedied BLM-induced hypoxemia and prolonged life span. In addition, we found that PDX reversed epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotypic transformation in vivo and in vitro, reinforcing a potential mechanism of promoting fibrosis resolution. In summary, our findings showed that posttreatment with PDX could ameliorate BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis and lung dysfunction in mice and PDX may be considered as a promising therapeutic approached to fibrotic lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yu Hao
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Weiyang Ying
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yahe Ge
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Binyu Ying
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Bihuan Cheng
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Qingquan Lian
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Shengwei Jin
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325027, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li LC, Kan LD. Traditional Chinese medicine for pulmonary fibrosis therapy: Progress and future prospects. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 198:45-63. [PMID: 28038955 PMCID: PMC7127743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic, debilitating and often lethal lung disorder. Despite the molecular mechanisms of PF are gradually clear with numerous researchers' efforts, few effective drugs have been developed to reverse human PF or even halt the chronic progression to respiratory failure. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the main component of the medical practice used for more than 5000 years especially in China, often exerts wider action spectrum than previously attempted options in treating human diseases. Recent data have shown the anti-fibrotic benefits of the active ingredients from TCM in this field, which may represent an attractive source of the drug discovery against PF. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review summarizes the pre-clinical and clinical evidence on the benefits of TCM and their active ingredients, and provides a comprehensive information and reliable basis for the exploration of new treatment strategies of botanical drugs in the therapy of PF. METHODS The literature information was obtained from the scientific databases on ethnobotany and ethno medicines (up to Aug 2016), mainly from the Pubmed, Web of Science and CNKI databases, and was to identify the experimental studies on the anti-fibrotic role of the active agents from TCM and the involved mechanisms. The search keywords for such work included: "lung fibrosis" or "pulmonary fibrosis", and "traditional Chinese medicine", "extract" or "herb". RESULTS A number of studies have shown that the active agents of single herbs and TCM formulas, particularly the flavonoids, glycosides and alkaloids, exhibit potential benefits against PF, the mechanisms of which appear to involve the regulation of inflammation, oxidant stress, and pro-fibrotic signaling pathways, etc. Besides, the processing methods for discovering TCM in treating PF were prospectively discussed. CONCLUSION These research work have shown the therapeutic benefits of TCM in the treatment of PF. However, more continued researches should be undertaken to clarify the unconfirmed chemical composition and regulatory mechanisms, conduct standard clinical trials, and evaluate the possible side effects. The insights provided in present review will be needed for further exploration of botanical drugs in the development of PF therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Cheng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China.
| | - Lian-Di Kan
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ko YF, Liau JC, Lee CS, Chiu CY, Martel J, Lin CS, Tseng SF, Ojcius DM, Lu CC, Lai HC, Young JD. Isolation, Culture and Characterization of Hirsutella sinensis Mycelium from Caterpillar Fungus Fruiting Body. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168734. [PMID: 28046129 PMCID: PMC5207747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The caterpillar fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis (previously called Cordyceps sinensis) has been used for centuries in Asia as a tonic to improve health and longevity. Recent studies show that O. sinensis produces a wide range of biological effects on cells, laboratory animals and humans, including anti-fatigue, anti-infection, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor activities. In view of the rarity of O. sinensis fruiting bodies in nature, cultivation of its anamorph mycelium represents a useful alternative for large-scale production. However, O. sinensis fruiting bodies harvested in nature harbor several fungal contaminants, a phenomenon that led to the isolation and characterization of a large number of incorrect mycelium strains. We report here the isolation of a mycelium from a fruiting body of O. sinensis and we identify the isolate as O. sinensis’ anamorph (also called Hirsutella sinensis) based on multi-locus sequence typing of several fungal genes (ITS, nrSSU, nrLSU, RPB1, RPB2, MCM7, β-tubulin, TEF-1α, and ATP6). The main characteristics of the isolated mycelium, including its optimal growth at low temperature (16°C) and its biochemical composition, are similar to that of O. sinensis fruiting bodies, indicating that the mycelium strain characterized here may be used as a substitute for the rare and expensive O. sinensis fruiting bodies found in nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fei Ko
- Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China, and Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ching Liau
- Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Sheng Lee
- Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chen-Yaw Chiu
- Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jan Martel
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China, and Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Sheng Lin
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China, and Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research Center of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shun-Fu Tseng
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China, and Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research Center of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - David M. Ojcius
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China, and Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Chia-Chen Lu
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China, and Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Chih Lai
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China, and Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research Center of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry and Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - John D. Young
- Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China, and Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Potentiation of hepatic stellate cell activation by extracellular ATP is dependent on P2X7R-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Pharmacol Res 2016; 117:82-93. [PMID: 27940204 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic receptor P2x7 (P2x7R) is a key modulator of liver inflammation and fibrosis. The present study aimed to investigate the role of P2x7R in hepatic stellate cells activation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or the conditioned medium (CM) from LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages was supplemented to human hepatic stellate cells, LX-2 for 24h and P2x7R selective antagonist A438079 (10μM) was supplemented to LX-2 cells 1h before LPS or CM stimulation. In addition LX-2 cells were primed with LPS for 4h and subsequently stimulated for 30min with 3mM of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP). A438079 was supplemented to LX-2 cells 10min prior to ATP. Directly treated with LPS on LX-2 cells, mRNA expressions of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18 and IL-6 were increased, as well as mRNA expressions of P2x7R, caspase-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC) and NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) mRNA. LPS also increased α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and type I collagen mRNA expressions, as well as collagen deposition. Interestingly treatment of LX-2 cells with LPS-activated CM exhibited the greater increase of above factors than those in LX-2 cells directly treated with LPS. Pretreatment of A438079 on LX-2 cells stimulated by LPS or LPS-activated CM both suppressed IL-1β mRNA expression. LPS combined with ATP dramatically increased protein synthesis and cleavage of IL-1β and its mRNA level than those in HSC treated with LPS or ATP alone. Additionally LX-2 cells primed with LPS and subsequently stimulated for 30min with ATP greatly increased mRNA and protein expression of caspase-1, NLRP3 and P2x7R, as well as liver fibrosis markers, α-SMA and type I collagen. These events were remarkably suppressed by A438079 pretreatment. siRNA against P2x7R reduced protein expression of NLRP3 and α-SMA, and suppressed deposition and secretion of type I collagen. The involvement of P2X7R-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in IL-1β production of HSC might contribute to ECM deposition and suggests that blockade of the P2x7R-NLRP3 inflammasome axis represents a potential therapeutic target to liver fibrosis.
Collapse
|
34
|
Lan Y, Theng S, Huang T, Choo K, Chen C, Kuo H, Chong K. Oncostatin M-Preconditioned Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis Through Paracrine Effects of the Hepatocyte Growth Factor. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:1006-1017. [PMID: 28297588 PMCID: PMC5442768 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely considered for treatment of pulmonary fibrosis based on the anti‐inflammatory, antifibrotic, antiapoptotic, and regenerative properties of the cells. Recently, elevated levels of oncostatin M (OSM) have been reported in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a pulmonary fibrosis animal model and in patients. In this work, we aimed to prolong engrafted MSC survival and to enhance the effectiveness of pulmonary fibrosis transplantation therapy by using OSM‐preconditioned MSCs. OSM‐preconditioned MSCs were shown to overexpress type 2 OSM receptor (gp130/OSMRβ) and exhibited high susceptibility to OSM, resulting in upregulation of the paracrine factor, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Moreover, OSM‐preconditioned MSCs enhanced cell proliferation and migration, attenuated transforming growth factor‐β1‐ or OSM‐induced extracellular matrix production in MRC‐5 fibroblasts through paracrine effects. In bleomycin‐induced lung fibrotic mice, transplantation of OSM‐preconditioned MSCs significantly improved pulmonary respiratory functions and downregulated expression of inflammatory factors and fibrotic factors in the lung tissues. Histopathologic examination indicated remarkable amelioration of the lung fibrosis. LacZ‐tagged MSCs were detected in the lung tissues of the OSM‐preconditioned MSC‐treated mice 18 days after post‐transplantation. Taken together, our data further demonstrated that HGF upregulation played an important role in mediating the therapeutic effects of transplanted OSM‐preconditioned MSCs in alleviating lung fibrosis in the mice. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:1006–1017
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying‐Wei Lan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao‐Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Si‐Min Theng
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao‐Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tsung‐Teng Huang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao‐Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao‐Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kong‐Bung Choo
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, and Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chuan‐Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Rong‐Hsing Translational Medicine Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Han‐Pin Kuo
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Tao‐Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao‐Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Tao‐Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kowit‐Yu Chong
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao‐Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao‐Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Tao‐Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao‐Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|