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Sarker PK, Paul AS, Karmoker D. Mitigating climate change and pandemic impacts on global food security: dual sustainable agriculture approach (2S approach). PLANTA 2023; 258:104. [PMID: 37878120 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Simultaneous application of two sustainability approaches such as the application of biofertilizers to GM plants and microbe bioengineering to enhance physiological response and beneficial interaction with GM plants may have a significant impact on strengthening global food security amid climate change and the pandemic. The second sustainable development goal (SDG 02, Zero Hunger) aims global agricultural sustainability and food security challenges. The agriculture sector has been an integral part of developing countries for millions of farmers and their families. Their contribution provides stability of raw matter related to food availability. But climate change, higher population growth and worldwide pandemics are the main obstacles to food quality, higher crop productivity and global food security. Scientists are concerned with the manifestation of agriculture sustainability in the modern crop management approach to resolving the issues. It is the only way to higher yield productivity by protecting the environment, conserving natural resources, and slowing climate change. Several strategies can be an option to implement, yet the proposed two sustainability approach or 2S approach will be the significant way toward the goal of zero hunger. The first sustainability approach is an application of genetically modified (S1: GMO) Plants and the other is an application of beneficiary plant growth-promoting microbes (S2: Biofertilizers) to the plants for both higher crops and maintenance of the environment. This study summarizes the essential points of S1 and S2 for the widespread utilization of the 2S approach in agriculture and recommends the potential alternatives to be implemented to produce food for all. Simultaneous application of the 2S approach can defeat all threats to gain sustainability in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Protup Kumer Sarker
- Division of Cell Biology, International Center for Brain Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Archi Sundar Paul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin's, Milwaukee, WI53226, USA
| | - Dola Karmoker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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2
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Qiao H, Zhao J, Wang X, Xiao L, Zhu-Salzman K, Lei J, Xu D, Xu G, Tan Y, Hao D. An oral dsRNA delivery system based on chitosan induces G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 gene silencing for Apolygus lucorum control. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:105481. [PMID: 37532313 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is recognized as a new and environmentally friendly pest control strategy due to its high specificity. However, the RNAi efficiency is relatively low in many sucking insect pests, such as Apolygus lucorum. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new and effective ways of dsRNA delivery. Bacterially expressed or T7 synthesized dsRNA targeting a G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 gene was mixed with chitosan in a 1:2 ratio by mass. The size of the chitosan/dsRNA nanoparticles was 69 ± 12 nm, and the TEM and AFM images showed typical spherical or ellipsoidal structures. The chitosan nanoparticles protected the dsRNA from nuclease activity, and pH and temperature-dependent degradation, and the fluorescently-tagged nanoparticles were found to be stable on the surface of green bean plants (48 h) (Phaseolus vulgaris) and were absorbed by midgut epithelial cells and transported to hemolymph. Once fed to the A. lucorum nymph, chitosan/dsRNA could effectively inhibit the expression of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 gene (70%), and led to significantly increase mortality (50%), reduced weight (26.54%) and a prolonged developmental period (8.04%). The feeding-based and chitosan-mediated dsRNA delivery method could be a new strategy for A. lucorum management, providing an effective tool for gene silencing of piercing-sucking insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Qiao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing XiaoZhuang University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liubin Xiao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Keyan Zhu-Salzman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jiaxin Lei
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Dejin Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangchun Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongan Tan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.
| | - Dejun Hao
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
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Patel A, Miles A, Strackhouse T, Cook L, Leng S, Patel S, Klinger K, Rudrabhatla S, Potlakayala SD. Methods of crop improvement and applications towards fortifying food security. Front Genome Ed 2023; 5:1171969. [PMID: 37484652 PMCID: PMC10361821 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2023.1171969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Agriculture has supported human life from the beginning of civilization, despite a plethora of biotic (pests, pathogens) and abiotic (drought, cold) stressors being exerted on the global food demand. In the past 50 years, the enhanced understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms in plants has led to novel innovations in biotechnology, resulting in the introduction of desired genes/traits through plant genetic engineering. Targeted genome editing technologies such as Zinc-Finger Nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) have emerged as powerful tools for crop improvement. This new CRISPR technology is proving to be an efficient and straightforward process with low cost. It possesses applicability across most plant species, targets multiple genes, and is being used to engineer plant metabolic pathways to create resistance to pathogens and abiotic stressors. These novel genome editing (GE) technologies are poised to meet the UN's sustainable development goals of "zero hunger" and "good human health and wellbeing." These technologies could be more efficient in developing transgenic crops and aid in speeding up the regulatory approvals and risk assessments conducted by the US Departments of Agriculture (USDA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayushi Patel
- Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA, United States
| | - Andrew Miles
- Penn State University Park, State College, University Park, PA, United States
| | | | - Logan Cook
- Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA, United States
| | - Sining Leng
- Shanghai United Cell Biotechnology Co Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Shrina Patel
- Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA, United States
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R S, Nyika J, Yadav S, Mackolil J, G RP, Workie E, Ragupathy R, Ramasundaram P. Genetically modified foods: bibliometric analysis on consumer perception and preference. GM CROPS & FOOD 2022; 13:65-85. [PMID: 35400312 PMCID: PMC9009926 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2022.2038525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present the bibliometric trends emerging from research outputs on consumer perception and preference for genetically modified (GM) foods and policy prescriptions for enabling the consumption using VOSviewer visualization software. Consumers' positive response is largely influenced by the decision of the governments to ban or approve the GM crops cultivation. Similarly, the public support increases when the potential benefits of the technology are well articulated, consumption increases with a price discount, people's trust on the government and belief in science increases with a positive influence by the media. Europe and the USA are the first region and country, respectively, in terms of the number of active institutions per research output, per-capita GDP publication and citations. We suggest research-, agri-food industries-, and society-oriented policies to be implemented by the stakeholders to ensure the safety of GM foods, encourage consumer-based studies, and increase public awareness toward these food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sendhil R
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - Joan Nyika
- Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sheel Yadav
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rama Prashat G
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Endashaw Workie
- School of Environmental science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Raja Ragupathy
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri Food Canada, Alberta, Canada
| | - P. Ramasundaram
- National Agricultural Higher Education Project, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
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Zhang YH, Ma ZZ, Zhou H, Chao ZJ, Yan S, Shen J. Nanocarrier-delivered dsRNA suppresses wing development of green peach aphids. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:669-682. [PMID: 34288425 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has developed rapidly as a potential "green" pest management strategy. At present, most studies have focused on the screening of aphid lethal genes, whereas only a few studies have been conducted on wing development, which is crucial for aphid migration and plant-virus dissemination. Here, the Myzus persicae genes vestigial (vg) and Ultrabithorax (Ubx) related to wing development, were cloned. These two genes were expressed in various tissues of 3rd-instar winged aphids. The mRNA level of vg was high in 3rd-instar nymphs, whereas the expression level of Ubx was high in adults. The nanocarrier-mediated delivery system delivered double-stranded RNAs for aphid RNAi using topical and root applications. The expression levels of vg and Ubx were downregulated by 44.0% and 36.5%, respectively, using the topical application. The simultaneous RNAi of the two target genes caused 63.3% and 32.2% wing aberration rates using topical and root applications, respectively. The current study provided a promising method for controlling aphid migration to alleviate the spread of insect transmitted plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Zheng Ma
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Jian Chao
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Yan
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Zhang L, Huo S, Cao Y, Xie X, Tan Y, Zhang Y, Zhao H, He P, Guo J, Xia Q, Zhou X, Long H, Guo A. A new isolation device for shortening gene flow distance in small-scale transgenic maize breeding. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15733. [PMID: 32978485 PMCID: PMC7519140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72805-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmission of pollen is the main cause of maize gene flow. Under the compulsory labeling system for genetically modified (GM) products in China, isolation measures are crucial. At present, there is no effective isolation device for preventing and controlling the short-range flow of GM maize pollen. The purposes of the present experiments were to overcome the deficiencies of existing technology and to demonstrate a new isolation device for decreasing the gene flow distance of GM maize. The isolation device we invented was shown to be more robust than traditional isolation methods, and it can be disassembled and repeatedly reused. The most important point was that the frequency of gene flow could be greatly reduced using this device. When the distance from the isolation device was more than 1 m, the gene flow rate could be decreased to less than 1%, and when the distance from the isolation device was more than 10 m, the gene flow rate could be reduced to less than 0.1%. When the isolation device was adopted to isolate GM maize in conjunction with bagging the tassels of GM maize at the pollination stage, the gene flow could be controlled to less than 0.1% when the distance from the isolation device was more than 1 m. This device was, however, only applicable for small plots and can shorten the isolation distance of GM maize planting and improve the purity of seeds, all while meeting the needs of close isolation breeding. The use of this device represents a feasible method for risk prevention and control of GM crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Shanshan Huo
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Xiang Xie
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Yanhua Tan
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Pingping He
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Jingyuan Guo
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Qiyu Xia
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Huan Long
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Anping Guo
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China.
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Ma ZZ, Zhou H, Wei YL, Yan S, Shen J. A novel plasmid-Escherichia coli system produces large batch dsRNAs for insect gene silencing. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:2505-2512. [PMID: 32077251 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA interference (RNAi)-based pest management requires efficient delivery and large-batch production of double-stranded (ds)RNA. We previously developed a nanocarrier-mediated dsRNA delivery system that could penetrate an insect's body and efficiently silence gene expression. However, there is a great need to improve the plasmid-Escherichia coli system for the mass production of dsRNA. Here, for efficient dsRNA production, we removed the rnc gene encoding endoribonuclease RNase III in E. coli BL21(DE3) and matched with the RNAi expression vector containing a single T7 promoter. RESULTS The novel pET28-BL21(DE3) RNase III-system was successfully constructed to express vestigial (vg)-dsRNA against Harmonia axyridis. dsRNA was extracted and purified from cell cultures in four E. coil systems, and the yields of dsRNA in pET28-BL21(DE3) RNase III-, pET28-HT115(DE3), L4440-BL21(DE3) RNase III- and L4440-HT115(DE3) were 4.23, 2.75, 0.88 and 1.30 μg mL-1 respectively. The dsRNA expression efficiency of our novel E. coil system was three times that of L4440-HT115(DE3), a widely used dsRNA production system. The RNAi efficiency of dsRNA produced by our system and by biochemical synthesis was comparable when injected into Harmonia axyridis. CONCLUSION Our system expressed dsRNA more efficiently than the widely used L4440-HT115(DE3) system, and the produced dsRNA showed a high gene-silencing effect. Notably, our pET28-BL21(DE3) RNase III-system provides a novel method for the mass production of dsRNA at low cost and high efficiency, which may promote gene function analysis and RNAi-based pest management. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Zheng Ma
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Long Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Yan
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Yan S, Yu J, Han M, Michaud JP, Guo LL, Li Z, Zeng B, Zhang QW, Liu XX. Intercrops can mitigate pollen-mediated gene flow from transgenic cotton while simultaneously reducing pest densities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 711:134855. [PMID: 31812403 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Genetically modified (GM) cotton, engineered to express Bt toxins that protect it from insect damage, has become the most successfully commercialized GM crop in China since its authorization in 1997. In light of the potential ecological consequences of pollen-mediated gene flow (PGF) from GM plants, a two year field trial was conducted to test the effects on PGF of sunflower, Helianthus annuus, buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum, and soybean, Glycine max, as intercrops in non-GM cotton fields during 2017 and 2018. DNA tests for hybridized seed were used to estimate rates of PGF in intercrop treatments. PGF was the lowest in cotton intercropped with either buckwheat or sunflower, likely due to the trapping of pollen in these flowers, and/or the diversion of pollinators away from cotton flowers. PGF declined as an exponential function of distance from the GM cotton; Y = -lnx was the model of best fit for estimating pollen dispersal potential. A sunflower intercrop reduced the peak abundance of Aphis gossypii, (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and Nysius ericae (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) on cotton plants, although densities of Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Acari: Tetranychidae), were increased. A buckwheat intercrop had very similar effects on these pests, likely due to attraction of their natural enemies. We conclude that sunflower and buckwheat are suitable intercrops for reducing PGF from GM cotton, and may be useful for reducing PGF from other insect-pollinated GM crops in the agricultural landscape, while simultaneously contributing to control of specific pests. This is the first demonstration, to our knowledge, that intercrops can be used to reduce PGF from transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yan
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Min Han
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - J P Michaud
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Hays, KS 67601, USA
| | - Li-Lei Guo
- Center of International Cooperation Service, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, PR China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Bo Zeng
- National Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Beijing 100125, PR China
| | - Qing-Wen Zhang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xia Liu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Kumar K, Gambhir G, Dass A, Tripathi AK, Singh A, Jha AK, Yadava P, Choudhary M, Rakshit S. Genetically modified crops: current status and future prospects. PLANTA 2020; 251:91. [PMID: 32236850 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03372-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
While transgenic technology has heralded a new era in crop improvement, several concerns have precluded their widespread acceptance. Alternative technologies, such as cisgenesis and genome-editing may address many of such issues and facilitate the development of genetically engineered crop varieties with multiple favourable traits. Genetic engineering and plant transformation have played a pivotal role in crop improvement via introducing beneficial foreign gene(s) or silencing the expression of endogenous gene(s) in crop plants. Genetically modified crops possess one or more useful traits, such as, herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, disease resistance, and nutritional improvement. To date, nearly 525 different transgenic events in 32 crops have been approved for cultivation in different parts of the world. The adoption of transgenic technology has been shown to increase crop yields, reduce pesticide and insecticide use, reduce CO2 emissions, and decrease the cost of crop production. However, widespread adoption of transgenic crops carrying foreign genes faces roadblocks due to concerns of potential toxicity and allergenicity to human beings, potential environmental risks, such as chances of gene flow, adverse effects on non-target organisms, evolution of resistance in weeds and insects etc. These concerns have prompted the adoption of alternative technologies like cisgenesis, intragenesis, and most recently, genome editing. Some of these alternative technologies can be utilized to develop crop plants that are free from any foreign gene hence, it is expected that such crops might achieve higher consumer acceptance as compared to the transgenic crops and would get faster regulatory approvals. In this review, we present a comprehensive update on the current status of the genetically modified (GM) crops under cultivation. We also discuss the issues affecting widespread adoption of transgenic GM crops and comment upon the recent tools and techniques developed to address some of these concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Geetika Gambhir
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Abhishek Dass
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Amit Kumar Tripathi
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, 462001, India
| | - Alla Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, PAU Campus, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Jha
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Pranjal Yadava
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Mukesh Choudhary
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, PAU Campus, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Sujay Rakshit
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, PAU Campus, Ludhiana, 141004, India
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Rapid Identification of Genetically Modified Maize Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-018-2216-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhang CJ, Yook MJ, Park HR, Lim SH, Kim JW, Nah G, Song HR, Jo BH, Roh KH, Park S, Kim DS. Assessment of potential environmental risks of transgene flow in smallholder farming systems in Asia: Brassica napus as a case study in Korea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:688-695. [PMID: 29870945 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The cultivation of genetically modified (GM) crops has raised many questions regarding their environmental risks, particularly about their ecological impact on non-target organisms, such as their closely-related relative species. Although evaluations of transgene flow from GM crops to their conventional crops has been conducted under large-scale farming system worldwide, in particular in North America and Australia, few studies have been conducted under smallholder farming systems in Asia with diverse crops in co-existence. A two-year field study was conducted to assess the potential environmental risks of gene flow from glufosinate-ammonium resistant (GR) Brassica napus to its conventional relatives, B. napus, B. juncea, and Raphanus sativus under simulated smallholder field conditions in Korea. Herbicide resistance and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to identify the hybrids. Hybridization frequency of B. napus × GR B. napus was 2.33% at a 2 m distance, which decreased to 0.007% at 75 m. For B. juncea, it was 0.076% at 2 m and decreased to 0.025% at 16 m. No gene flow was observed to R. sativus. The log-logistic model described hybridization frequency with increasing distance from GR B. napus to B. napus and B. juncea and predicted that the effective isolation distances for 0.01% gene flow from GR B. napus to B. napus and B. juncea were 122.5 and 23.7 m, respectively. Results suggest that long-distance gene flow from GR B. napus to B. napus and B. juncea is unlikely, but gene flow can potentially occur between adjacent fields where the smallholder farming systems exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Jie Zhang
- Department of Plant Science, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Yook
- Department of Plant Science, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Rim Park
- Department of Plant Science, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Lim
- Department of Plant Science, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoungju Nah
- Department of Plant Science, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Ryong Song
- Division of Conservation Ecology, Bureau of Ecological Conservation Research, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon-gun, Choongnam 33657, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Ho Jo
- Division of Conservation Ecology, Bureau of Ecological Conservation Research, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon-gun, Choongnam 33657, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Roh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Academy, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyoung Park
- Department of Horticultural Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Soon Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Rocha-Munive MG, Soberón M, Castañeda S, Niaves E, Scheinvar E, Eguiarte LE, Mota-Sánchez D, Rosales-Robles E, Nava-Camberos U, Martínez-Carrillo JL, Blanco CA, Bravo A, Souza V. Evaluation of the Impact of Genetically Modified Cotton After 20 Years of Cultivation in Mexico. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:82. [PMID: 29988354 PMCID: PMC6023983 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than 20 years cotton has been the most widely sown genetically modified (GM) crop in Mexico. Its cultivation has fulfilled all requirements and has gone through the different regulatory stages. During the last 20 years, both research-institutions and biotech-companies have generated scientific and technical information regarding GM cotton cultivation in Mexico. In this work, we collected data in order to analyze the environmental and agronomic effects of the use of GM cotton in Mexico. In 1996, the introduction of Bt cotton made it possible to reactivate this crop, which in previous years was greatly reduced due to pest problems, production costs and environmental concerns. Bt cotton is a widely accepted tool for cotton producers and has proven to be efficient for the control of lepidopteran pests. The economic benefits of its use are variable, and depend on factors such as the international cotton-prices and other costs associated with its inputs. So far, the management strategies used to prevent development of insect resistance to GM cotton has been successful, and there are no reports of insect resistance development to Bt cotton in Mexico. In addition, no effects have been observed on non-target organisms. For herbicide tolerant cotton, the prevention of herbicide resistance has also been successful since unlike other countries, the onset of resistance weeds is still slow, apparently due to cultural practices and rotation of different herbicides. Environmental benefits have been achieved with a reduction in chemical insecticide applications and the subsequent decrease in primary pest populations, so that the inclusion of other technologies—e.g., use of non-Bt cotton- can be explored. Nevertheless, control measures need to be implemented during transport of the bolls and fiber to prevent dispersal of volunteer plants and subsequent gene flow to wild relatives distributed outside the GM cotton growing areas. It is still necessary to implement national research programs, so that biotechnology and plant breeding advances can be used in the development of cotton varieties adapted to the Mexican particular environmental conditions and to control insect pests of regional importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha G Rocha-Munive
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mario Soberón
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Saúl Castañeda
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Esteban Niaves
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Enrique Scheinvar
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luis E Eguiarte
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - David Mota-Sánchez
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | | | - Urbano Nava-Camberos
- Facultad de Agricultura y Zootecnia/Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos A Blanco
- Biology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Alejandra Bravo
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Valeria Souza
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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13
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Yan S, Zhu W, Zhang B, Zhang X, Zhu J, Shi J, Wu P, Wu F, Li X, Zhang Q, Liu X. Pollen-mediated gene flow from transgenic cotton is constrained by physical isolation measures. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2862. [PMID: 29434358 PMCID: PMC5809611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The public concern about pollen-mediated gene flow (PGF) from genetically modified (GM) crops to non-GM crops heats up in recent years over China. In the current study, we conducted greenhouse and field experiments to measure PGF with various physical isolation measures, including 90, 80, 60 and 40 holes/cm2 separation nets and Sorghum bicolor, Zea mays and Lycopersicon esculentum separation crops between GM cotton and non-GM line (Shiyuan321) by seed DNA test during 2013 to 2015, and pollen grain dyeing was also conducted to assess the pollen flow in greenhouse during 2013. Our results revealed that (1) PGF varied depending on the physical isolation measures. PGF was the lowest with 90 holes/cm2 separation net and S. bicolor separation crop, and the highest with 40 holes/cm2 separation net and no isolation measure. (2) Similar to PGF results, 90 holes/cm2 separation net and S. bicolor separation crop could minimize the pollen dispersal. (3) PGF declined exponentially with increasing distance between GM cotton and Shiyuan321. Because of the production mode of farm household (limited cultivated area) in China, our study is particularly important, which is not only benefit for constraining PGF, but also has potential application value in practical production and the scientific researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yan
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China.,National Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Beijing, 100125, P.R. China
| | - Weilong Zhu
- Liuzhou Agriculture Technology Extend Service Center, Liuzhou, 545002, P.R. China
| | - Boyu Zhang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
| | - Xinmi Zhang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China.,Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36830, USA
| | - Jialin Zhu
- Beijing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Beijing, 100026, P.R. China
| | - Jizhe Shi
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China.,Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Pengxiang Wu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China.,Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China
| | - Fengming Wu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China.,Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China.
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14
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Garcia Ruiz MT, Knapp AN, Garcia-Ruiz H. Profile of genetically modified plants authorized in Mexico. GM CROPS & FOOD 2018; 9:152-168. [PMID: 30388927 PMCID: PMC6277063 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2018.1507601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Mexico is a center of origin for several economically important plants including maize, cotton, and cocoa. Maize represents more than a food crop, has been declared a biological, cultural, agricultural and economic patrimony, and is linked to the national identity of Mexicans. In this review, we describe the historic and current use of genetically modified plants in Mexico and factors that contributed to the development of the biosafety regulation. We developed a database containing all permit applications received by the government to release genetically modified plants. A temporal and geographical analysis identified the plant species that have been authorized for experimental purposes, pilot programs, or commercial production, the geographic areas where they have been released, and the traits that have been introduced. Results show that Mexico has faced a dual challenge: accepting the benefits of genetically modified plants and their products, while protecting native plant biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron N. Knapp
- Department of Plant Pathology and Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Hernan Garcia-Ruiz
- Department of Plant Pathology and Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
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15
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Tsatsakis AM, Nawaz MA, Kouretas D, Balias G, Savolainen K, Tutelyan VA, Golokhvast KS, Lee JD, Yang SH, Chung G. Environmental impacts of genetically modified plants: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 156:818-833. [PMID: 28347490 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Powerful scientific techniques have caused dramatic expansion of genetically modified crops leading to altered agricultural practices posing direct and indirect environmental implications. Despite the enhanced yield potential, risks and biosafety concerns associated with such GM crops are the fundamental issues to be addressed. An increasing interest can be noted among the researchers and policy makers in exploring unintended effects of transgenes associated with gene flow, flow of naked DNA, weediness and chemical toxicity. The current state of knowledge reveals that GM crops impart damaging impacts on the environment such as modification in crop pervasiveness or invasiveness, the emergence of herbicide and insecticide tolerance, transgene stacking and disturbed biodiversity, but these impacts require a more in-depth view and critical research so as to unveil further facts. Most of the reviewed scientific resources provide similar conclusions and currently there is an insufficient amount of data available and up until today, the consumption of GM plant products are safe for consumption to a greater extent with few exceptions. This paper updates the undesirable impacts of GM crops and their products on target and non-target species and attempts to shed light on the emerging challenges and threats associated with it. Underpinning research also realizes the influence of GM crops on a disturbance in biodiversity, development of resistance and evolution slightly resembles with the effects of non-GM cultivation. Future prospects are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Department of Toxicology and Forensics, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Educational Scientific Center of Nanotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation
| | - Muhammad Amjad Nawaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larisa, Greece
| | | | - Kai Savolainen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, POB 40 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Victor A Tutelyan
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Kirill S Golokhvast
- Educational Scientific Center of Nanotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation; Pacific Institute of Geography, FEB RAS, Vladivostok 690041, Russian Federation
| | - Jeong Dong Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam 59626, Republic of Korea.
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