1
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Shekh Alshabab S, Markert B, Bamer F. Criticality in the fracture of silica glass: Insights from molecular mechanics. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:034110. [PMID: 38632794 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.034110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The universality of avalanches characterizing the inelastic response of disordered materials has the potential to bridge the gap from micro to macroscale. In this study, we explore the statistics and the scaling behavior of avalanches occurring during the fracture process in silica glass using molecular mechanics. We introduce a robust method for capturing and quantifying these avalanches, allowing us to perform rigorous statistical analyses, revealing universal power laws associated with critical phenomena. The influence of an initial crack is explored, observing deviations from mean-field predictions while maintaining the property of criticality. However, the avalanche exponents in the unnotched samples are predicted correctly by the mean-field depinning model. Furthermore, we investigate the strain-dependent probability density function, its cutoff function, and the interrelation between the critical exponents. Finally, we unveil distinct scaling behavior for small and large avalanches of the crack growth, shedding light on the underlying fracture mechanisms in silica glass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernd Markert
- Institute of General Mechanics, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franz Bamer
- Institute of General Mechanics, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
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2
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Spasojević D, Marinković M, Jovković D, Janićević S, Laurson L, Djordjević A. Barkhausen noise in disordered striplike ferromagnets: Experiment versus simulations. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:024110. [PMID: 38491707 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.024110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we present a systematic comparison of the results obtained from the low-frequency Barkhausen noise recordings in nanocrystalline samples with those from the numerical simulations of the random-field Ising model systems. We performed measurements at room temperature on a field-driven metallic glass stripe made of VITROPERM 800 R, a nanocrystalline iron-based material with an excellent combination of soft and magnetic properties, making it a cutting-edge material for a wide range of applications. Given that the Barkhausen noise emissions emerging along a hysteresis curve are stochastic and depend in general on a variety of factors (such as distribution of disorder due to impurities or defects, varied size of crystal grains, type of domain structure, driving rate of the external magnetic field, sample shape and temperature, etc.), adequate theoretical modeling is essential for their interpretation and prediction. Here the Random field Ising model, specifically its athermal nonequilibrium version with the finite driving rate, stands out as an appropriate choice due to the material's nanocrystalline structure and high Curie temperature. We performed a systematic analysis of the signal properties and magnetization avalanches comparing the outcomes of the numerical model and experiments carried out in a two-decade-wide range of the external magnetic field driving rates. Our results reveal that with a suitable choice of parameters, a considerable match with the experimental results is achieved, indicating that this model can accurately describe the Barkhausen noise features in nanocrystalline samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djordje Spasojević
- Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, P. O. Box 44, 11001 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Miloš Marinković
- Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, P. O. Box 44, 11001 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Dragutin Jovković
- Faculty of Mining and Geology, University of Belgrade, P. O. Box 162, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Sanja Janićević
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, P. O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Lasse Laurson
- Computational Physics Laboratory, Tampere University, P. O. Box 692, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Antonije Djordjević
- School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia and Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
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3
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Basak R, Kozlowski R, Pugnaloni LA, Kramar M, Socolar JES, Carlevaro CM, Kondic L. Evolution of force networks during stick-slip motion of an intruder in a granular material: Topological measures extracted from experimental data. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:054903. [PMID: 38115403 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.054903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
In quasi-two-dimensional experiments with photoelastic particles confined to an annular region, an intruder constrained to move in a circular path halfway between the annular walls experiences stick-slip dynamics. We discuss the response of the granular medium to the driven intruder, focusing on the evolution of the force network during sticking periods. Because the available experimental data do not include precise information about individual contact forces, we use an approach developed in our previous work [Basak et al., J. Eng. Mech. 147, 04021100 (2021)0733-939910.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0002003] based on networks constructed from measurements of the integrated strain magnitude on each particle. These networks are analyzed using topological measures based on persistence diagrams, revealing that force networks evolve smoothly but in a nontrivial manner throughout each sticking period, even though the intruder and granular particles are stationary. Characteristic features of persistence diagrams show identifiable slip precursors. In particular, the number of generators describing the structure and complexity of force networks increases consistently before slips. Key features of the dynamics are similar for granular materials composed of disks or pentagons, but some details are consistently different. In particular, we find significantly larger fluctuations of the measures computed based on persistence diagrams and, therefore, of the underlying networks, for systems of pentagonal particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Basak
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Ryan Kozlowski
- Department of Physics, College of the Holly Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, USA
| | - Luis A Pugnaloni
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, CONICET, Uruguay 151, 6300 Santa Rosa (La Pampa), Argentina
| | - M Kramar
- Department of Mathematics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Joshua E S Socolar
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C Manuel Carlevaro
- Instituto de Física de Líquidos y Sistemas Biológicos, CONICET, 59 789, 1900 La Plata, Argentina and and Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Facultad Regional La Plata, Av. 60 Esquina 124, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Lou Kondic
- Department of Mathematical Sciences and Center for Applied Mathematics and Statistics, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
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4
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Goekoop R, de Kleijn R. Hierarchical network structure as the source of hierarchical dynamics (power-law frequency spectra) in living and non-living systems: How state-trait continua (body plans, personalities) emerge from first principles in biophysics. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 154:105402. [PMID: 37741517 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Living systems are hierarchical control systems that display a small world network structure. In such structures, many smaller clusters are nested within fewer larger ones, producing a fractal-like structure with a 'power-law' cluster size distribution (a mereology). Just like their structure, the dynamics of living systems shows fractal-like qualities: the timeseries of inner message passing and overt behavior contain high frequencies or 'states' (treble) that are nested within lower frequencies or 'traits' (bass), producing a power-law frequency spectrum that is known as a 'state-trait continuum' in the behavioral sciences. Here, we argue that the power-law dynamics of living systems results from their power-law network structure: organisms 'vertically encode' the deep spatiotemporal structure of their (anticipated) environments, to the effect that many small clusters near the base of the hierarchy produce high frequency signal changes and fewer larger clusters at its top produce ultra-low frequencies. Such ultra-low frequencies exert a tonic regulatory pressure that produces morphological as well as behavioral traits (i.e., body plans and personalities). Nested-modular structure causes higher frequencies to be embedded within lower frequencies, producing a power-law state-trait continuum. At the heart of such dynamics lies the need for efficient energy dissipation through networks of coupled oscillators, which also governs the dynamics of non-living systems (e.q., earthquakes, stock market fluctuations). Since hierarchical structure produces hierarchical dynamics, the development and collapse of hierarchical structure (e.g., during maturation and disease) should leave specific traces in system dynamics (shifts in lower frequencies, i.e. morphological and behavioral traits) that may serve as early warning signs to system failure. The applications of this idea range from (bio)physics and phylogenesis to ontogenesis and clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Goekoop
- Free University Amsterdam, Department of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Parnassia Academy, Parnassia Group, PsyQ, Department of Anxiety Disorders, Early Detection and Intervention Team (EDIT), Lijnbaan 4, 2512VA The Hague, the Netherlands.
| | - R de Kleijn
- Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Cognitive Psychology, Pieter de la Courtgebouw, Postbus 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, the Netherlands
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5
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Liang J, Yang D, Xiao Y, Chen S, Dadap JI, Rottler J, Ye Z. Shear Strain-Induced Two-Dimensional Slip Avalanches in Rhombohedral MoS 2. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7228-7235. [PMID: 37358360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Slip avalanches are ubiquitous phenomena occurring in three-dimensional materials under shear strain, and their study contributes immensely to our understanding of plastic deformation, fragmentation, and earthquakes. So far, little is known about the role of shear strain in two-dimensional (2D) materials. Here we show some evidence of 2D slip avalanches in exfoliated rhombohedral MoS2, triggered by shear strain near the threshold level. Utilizing interfacial polarization in 3R-MoS2, we directly probe the stacking order in multilayer flakes and discover a wide variety of polarization domains with sizes following a power-law distribution. These findings suggest that slip avalanches can occur during the exfoliation of 2D materials, and the stacking orders can be changed via shear strain. Our observation has far-reaching implications for the development of new materials and technologies, where precise control over the atomic structure of these materials is essential for optimizing their properties as well as for our understanding of fundamental physical phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Dongyang Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yunhuan Xiao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sean Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jerry I Dadap
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Joerg Rottler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ziliang Ye
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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6
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Bretz P, Kondic L, Kramar M. Stochastic methods for slip prediction in a sheared granular system. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:054901. [PMID: 37329081 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.054901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We consider a sheared granular system experiencing intermittent dynamics of stick-slip type via discrete element simulations. The considered setup consists of a two-dimensional system of soft frictional particles sandwiched between solid walls, one of which is exposed to a shearing force. The slip events are detected using stochastic state space models applied to various measures describing the system. The amplitudes of the events spread over more than four decades and present two distinctive peaks, one for the microslips and the other for the slips. We show that the measures describing the forces between the particles provide earlier detection of an upcoming slip event than the measures based solely on the wall movement. By comparing the detection times obtained from the considered measures, we observe that a typical slip event starts with a local change in the force network. However, some local changes do not spread globally over the force network. For the changes that become global, we find that their size strongly influences the further behavior of the system. If the size of a global change is large enough, then it triggers a slip event; if it is not, then a much weaker microslip follows. Quantification of the changes in the force network is made possible by formulating clear and precise measures describing their static and dynamic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bretz
- Department of Mathematics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - L Kondic
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - M Kramar
- Department of Mathematics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
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7
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Experimental evidence that shear bands in metallic glasses nucleate like cracks. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18499. [PMID: 36323768 PMCID: PMC9630419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly time-resolved mechanical measurements, modeling, and simulations show that large shear bands in bulk metallic glasses nucleate in a manner similar to cracks. When small slips reach a nucleation size, the dynamics changes and the shear band rapidly grows to span the entire sample. Smaller nucleation sizes imply lower ductility. Ductility can be increased by increasing the nucleation size relative to the maximum ("cutoff") shear band size at the upper edge of the power law scaling range of their size distribution. This can be achieved in three ways: (1) by increasing the nucleation size beyond this cutoff size of the shear bands, (2) by keeping all shear bands smaller than the nucleation size, or (3) by choosing a sample size smaller than the nucleation size. The discussed methods can also be used to rapidly order metallic glasses according to ductility.
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8
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Combined transcriptome and metabolite profiling analyses provide insights into the chronic toxicity of carbaryl and acetamiprid to Apis mellifera larvae. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16898. [PMID: 36207421 PMCID: PMC9543932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite many studies have revealed that developing honey bee (Apis mellifera) larvae are posting a high risk on exposure to insecticides, the toxicology information on bee larvae remain limited. The present study demonstrated the first assessment of the effects of no observed adverse effect concentration (NOAEC) of carbaryl (CR) and acetamiprid (ACE) on transcriptome and metabolome in honeybee larvae reared in vitro. Chronic exposure to carbaryl caused transcriptional disorders associated with oxidative stress. In addition, a series of metabolic homeostasis were disrupted by carbaryl stress, such amino acid metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism and flavone and flavonol biosynthesis. The activities of enzymic biomarkers including GST, P450, CAT, AChE and SOD were not influenced by ACE stress, while the CR exposure slightly decreased the activity of CAT and SOD. Our results clearly show that ACE and CR display different potential to modulate transcriptome and metabolome associated with their different toxicity against bee larvae.
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9
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Spasojević D, Graovac S, Janićević S. Interplay of disorder and type of driving in disordered ferromagnetic systems. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:044107. [PMID: 36397527 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.044107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the effects of adiabatic, quasistatic, and finite-rate types of driving on the evolution of disordered three-dimensional ferromagnetic systems, studied within the frame of the nonequilibrium athermal random field Ising model. The effects were examined in all three domains of disorder (low, high, and transitional) for all types of driving, and in a wide range of driving rates for quasistatic and finite-rate driving, providing an extensive overview and comparison of the joint effects that the disorder, type of driving, and rate regime have on the system's behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djordje Spasojević
- Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 44, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stefan Graovac
- Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 44, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Janićević
- Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, P.O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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10
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Kramár M, Cheng C, Basak R, Kondic L. On intermittency in sheared granular systems. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:3583-3593. [PMID: 35475456 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01780b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We consider a system of granular particles, modeled by two dimensional frictional soft elastic disks, that is exposed to externally applied time-dependent shear stress in a planar Couette geometry. We concentrate on the external forcing that produces intermittent dynamics of stick-slip type. In this regime, the top wall remains almost at rest until the applied stress becomes sufficiently large, and then it slips. We focus on the evolution of the system as it approaches a slip event. Our main finding is that there are two distinct groups of measures describing system behavior before a slip event. The first group consists of global measures defined as system-wide averages at a fixed time. Typical examples of measures in this group are averages of the normal or tangent forces acting between the particles, system size and number of contacts between the particles. These measures do not seem to be sensitive to an approaching slip event. On average, they tend to increase linearly with the force pulling the spring. The second group consists of the time-dependent measures that quantify the evolution of the system on a micro (particle) or mesoscale. Measures in this group first quantify the temporal differences between two states and only then aggregate them to a single number. For example, Wasserstein distance quantitatively measures the changes of the force network as it evolves in time while the number of broken contacts quantifies the evolution of the contact network. The behavior of the measures in the second group changes dramatically before a slip event starts. They increase rapidly as a slip event approaches, indicating a significant increase in fluctuations of the system before a slip event is triggered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Kramár
- Department of Mathematics, University of Oklahoma, 601 Elm Avenue, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.
| | - Rituparna Basak
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.
| | - Lou Kondic
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.
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11
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Benzi R, Castaldi I, Toschi F, Trampert J. Self-similar properties of avalanche statistics in a simple turbulent model. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2022; 380:20210074. [PMID: 35034485 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2021.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we consider a simplified model of turbulence for large Reynolds numbers driven by a constant power energy input on large scales. In the statistical stationary regime, the behaviour of the kinetic energy is characterized by two well-defined phases: a laminar phase where the kinetic energy grows linearly for a (random) time [Formula: see text] followed by abrupt avalanche-like energy drops of sizes [Formula: see text] due to strong intermittent fluctuations of energy dissipation. We study the probability distribution [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] which both exhibit a quite well-defined scaling behaviour. Although [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are not statistically correlated, we suggest and numerically checked that their scaling properties are related based on a simple, but non-trivial, scaling argument. We propose that the same approach can be used for other systems showing avalanche-like behaviour such as amorphous solids and seismic events. This article is part of the theme issue 'Scaling the turbulence edifice (part 1)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Benzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Univ. degli Studi di Roma 'Tor Vergata', via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Roma 00133, Italy
| | - Ilaria Castaldi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Univ. degli Studi di Roma 'Tor Vergata', via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Roma 00133, Italy
| | - Federico Toschi
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Jeannot Trampert
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, Utrecht 3594 CB, The Netherlands
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12
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Bhaumik H, Foffi G, Sastry S. Yielding transition of a two dimensional glass former under athermal cyclic sheardeformation. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:064502. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0085064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Foffi
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, France
| | - Srikanth Sastry
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, India
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13
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Oyama N, Mizuno H, Ikeda A. Unified view of avalanche criticality in sheared glasses. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:015002. [PMID: 34412287 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.015002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Plastic events in sheared glasses are considered an example of so-called avalanches, whose sizes obey a power-law probability distribution with the avalanche critical exponent τ. Although the so-called mean-field depinning (MFD) theory predicts a universal value of this exponent, τ_{MFD}=1.5, such a simplification is now known to connote qualitative disagreement with realistic systems. Numerically and experimentally, different values of τ have been reported depending on the literature. Moreover, in the elastic regime, it has been noted that the critical exponent can be different from that in the steady state, and even criticality itself is a matter of debate. Because these confusingly varying results have been reported under different setups, our knowledge of avalanche criticality in sheared glasses is greatly limited. To gain a unified understanding, in this work, we conduct a comprehensive numerical investigation of avalanches in Lennard-Jones glasses under athermal quasistatic shear. In particular, by excluding the ambiguity and arbitrariness that has crept into the conventional measurement schemes, we achieve high-precision measurement and demonstrate that the exponent τ in the steady state follows the prediction of MFD theory, τ_{MFD}=1.5. Our results also suggest that there are two qualitatively different avalanche events. This binariness leads to the nonuniversal behavior of the avalanche size distribution and is likely to be the cause of the varying values of τ reported thus far. To investigate the dependence of criticality and universality on applied shear, we further study the statistics of avalanches in the elastic regime and the ensemble of the first avalanche event in different samples, which provide information about the unperturbed system. We show that while the unperturbed system is indeed off-critical, criticality gradually develops as shear is applied. The degree of criticality is encoded in the fractal dimension of the avalanches, which starts from zero in the off-critical unperturbed state and saturates in the steady state. Moreover, the critical exponent τ is consistent with the prediction of the MFD τ_{MFD} universally, regardless of the amount of applied shear, once the system becomes critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Oyama
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.,Mathematics for Advanced Materials-OIL, AIST, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Mizuno
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ikeda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.,Research Center for Complex Systems Biology, Universal Biology Institute, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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14
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Saitoh K. The role of friction in statistics and scaling laws of avalanches. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2021; 44:85. [PMID: 34165652 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigate statistics and scaling laws of avalanches in two-dimensional frictional particles by numerical simulations. We find that the critical exponent for avalanche size distributions is governed by microscopic friction between the particles in contact, where the exponent is larger and closer to mean-field predictions if the friction coefficient is finite. We reveal that microscopic "slips" between frictional particles induce numerous small avalanches which increase the slope, as well as the power-law exponent, of avalanche size distributions. We also analyze statistics and scaling laws of the avalanche duration and maximum stress drop rates, and examine power spectra of stress drop rates. Our numerical results suggest that the microscopic friction is a key ingredient of mean-field descriptions and plays a crucial role in avalanches observed in real materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniyasu Saitoh
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan.
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15
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Ono-Dit-Biot JC, Lorand T, Dalnoki-Veress K. Continuum Model Applied to Granular Analogs of Droplets and Puddles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:228001. [PMID: 33315448 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.228001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the growth of aggregates made of adhesive frictionless oil droplets, piling up against a solid interface. Monodisperse droplets are produced one by one in an aqueous solution and float upward to the top of a liquid cell where they accumulate and form an aggregate at a flat horizontal interface. Initially, the aggregate grows in 3D until its height reaches a critical value. Beyond a critical height, adding more droplets results in the aggregate spreading in 2D along the interface with a constant height. We find that the shape of such aggregates, despite being granular in nature, is well described by a continuum model. The geometry of the aggregates is determined by a balance between droplet buoyancy and adhesion as given by a single parameter, a "granular" capillary length, analogous to the capillary length of a liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Ono-Dit-Biot
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Tanel Lorand
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Kari Dalnoki-Veress
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada
- UMR CNRS Gulliver 7083, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
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16
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A Review of the Serrated-Flow Phenomenon and Its Role in the Deformation Behavior of High-Entropy Alloys. METALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/met10081101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are a novel class of alloys that have many desirable properties. The serrated flow that occurs in high-entropy alloys during mechanical deformation is an important phenomenon since it can lead to significant changes in the microstructure of the alloy. In this article, we review the recent findings on the serration behavior in a variety of high-entropy alloys. Relationships among the serrated flow behavior, composition, microstructure, and testing condition are explored. Importantly, the mechanical-testing type (compression/tension), testing temperature, applied strain rate, and serration type for certain high-entropy alloys are summarized. The literature reveals that the serrated flow can be affected by experimental conditions such as the strain rate and test temperature. Furthermore, this type of phenomenon has been successfully modeled and analyzed, using several different types of analytical methods, including the mean-field theory formalism and the complexity-analysis technique. Importantly, the results of the analyses show that the serrated flow in HEAs consists of complex dynamical behavior. It is anticipated that this review will provide some useful and clarifying information regarding the serrated-flow mechanisms in this material system. Finally, suggestions for future research directions in this field are proposed, such as the effects of irradiation, additives (such as C and Al), the presence of nanoparticles, and twinning on the serrated flow behavior in HEAs.
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17
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Kumar P, Benzi R, Trampert J, Toschi F. A multi-component lattice Boltzmann approach to study the causality of plastic events. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2020; 378:20190403. [PMID: 32564715 PMCID: PMC7333947 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Using a multi-component lattice Boltzmann (LB) model, we perform fluid kinetic simulations of confined and concentrated emulsions. The system presents the phenomenology of soft-glassy materials, including a Herschel-Bulkley rheology, yield stress, ageing and long relaxation time scales. Shearing the emulsion in a Couette cell below the yield stress results in plastic topological re-arrangement events which follow established empirical seismic statistical scaling laws, making this system a good candidate to study the physics of earthquakes. One characteristic of this model is the tendency for events to occur in avalanche clusters, with larger events, triggering subsequent re-arrangements. While seismologists have developed statistical tools to study correlations between events, a process to confirm causality remains elusive. We present here, a modification to our LB model, involving small, fast vibrations applied to individual droplets, effectively a macroscopic forcing, which results in the arrest of the topological plastic re-arrangements. This technique provides an excellent tool for identifying causality in plastic event clusters by examining the evolution of the dynamics after 'stopping' an event, and then checking which subsequent events disappear. This article is part of the theme issue 'Fluid dynamics, soft matter and complex systems: recent results and new methods'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki Kumar
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Roberto Benzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma ‘Tor Vergata’ and INFN, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Jeannot Trampert
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80115, NL-3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Federico Toschi
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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18
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Alghamdi S, Liu Z, Du F, Yang J, Dahmen KA, Tan T. Sliding Avalanches Between Nacreous Tablets. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:5024-5029. [PMID: 32511926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nacre, also known as mother of pearl, possesses extraordinary mechanical properties resulting from its intriguing hierarchical brick-and-mortar microstructures. Despite prior studies, interactions between nanoasperities during sliding still need to be elucidated. In this study, we measure slip events between nanograins of microlayers at high temporal resolution during torsion-induced sliding. We model the slips as avalanches caused by interactions of atoms on nanograin surfaces, from which power laws and scaling functions describing statistics and dynamics of slip events are studied. The largest avalanche occurs when nanograins leave each other after the maximum contact. The agreement between measurements and predictions shows that avalanches act essentially in the inhomogeneous sliding of nacreous tablets. Further insights into nanofriction provided in this work may lead to the development of nanoscale tribological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Alghamdi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 33 Colchester Avenue, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
- Department of Civil Engineering, Taif University, Taif 21944, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, 33 Colchester Avenue, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Fen Du
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, 124 Admin Drive, Vermont Technical College, Randolph Center, Vermont 05061, United States
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Physics, 82 University Place, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Karin A Dahmen
- Department of Physics and Institute of Condensed Matter Theory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ting Tan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 33 Colchester Avenue, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
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19
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McFaul LW, Sparks G, Sickle J, Uhl JT, Wright WJ, Maaß R, Dahmen KA. Applied-force oscillations in avalanche dynamics. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:053003. [PMID: 32575338 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.053003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Until now most studies of discrete plasticity have focused on systems that are assumed to be driven by a monotonically increasing force; in many real systems, however, the driving force includes damped oscillations or oscillations induced by the propagation of discrete events or "slip avalanches." In both cases, these oscillations may obscure the true dynamics. Here we effectively consider both cases by investigating the effects of damped oscillations in the external driving force on avalanche dynamics. We compare model simulations of slip avalanches under mean-field dynamics with observations in slip-avalanche experiments on slowly compressed micrometer-sized Au specimens using open-loop force control. The studies show very good agreement between simulations and experiments. We find that an oscillatory external driving force changes the average avalanche shapes only for avalanches with durations close to the period of oscillation of the external force. This effect on the avalanche shapes can be addressed in experiments by choosing suitable specimen dimensions so that the mechanical resonance does not interact with the avalanche dynamics. These results are important for the interpretation of avalanche experiments with built-in oscillators, and for the prediction and analysis of avalanche dynamics in systems with resonant vibrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis W McFaul
- Department of Physics and Institute of Condensed Matter Theory, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Gregory Sparks
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Jordan Sickle
- Department of Physics and Institute of Condensed Matter Theory, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Jonathan T Uhl
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, One Dent Drive, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, USA
| | - Wendelin J Wright
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, One Dent Drive, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, One Dent Drive, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, USA
| | - Robert Maaß
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Karin A Dahmen
- Department of Physics and Institute of Condensed Matter Theory, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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20
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Das P, Vinutha HA, Sastry S. Unified phase diagram of reversible-irreversible, jamming, and yielding transitions in cyclically sheared soft-sphere packings. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:10203-10209. [PMID: 32341154 PMCID: PMC7229761 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1912482117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-organization, and transitions from reversible to irreversible behavior, of interacting particle assemblies driven by externally imposed stresses or deformation is of interest in comprehending diverse phenomena in soft matter. They have been investigated in a wide range of systems, such as colloidal suspensions, glasses, and granular matter. In different density and driving regimes, such behavior is related to yielding of amorphous solids, jamming, memory formation, etc. How these phenomena are related to each other has not, however, been much studied. In order to obtain a unified view of the different regimes of behavior, and transitions between them, we investigate computationally the response of soft-sphere assemblies to athermal cyclic-shear deformation over a wide range of densities and amplitudes of shear deformation. Cyclic-shear deformation induces transitions from reversible to irreversible behavior in both unjammed and jammed soft-sphere packings. Well above the minimum isotropic jamming density ([Formula: see text]), this transition corresponds to yielding. In the vicinity of the jamming point, up to a higher-density limit, we designate [Formula: see text], an unjammed phase emerges between a localized, absorbing phase and a diffusive, irreversible, phase. The emergence of the unjammed phase signals the shifting of the jamming point to higher densities as a result of annealing and opens a window where shear jamming becomes possible for frictionless packings. Below [Formula: see text], two distinct localized states, termed point- and loop-reversible, are observed. We characterize in detail the different regimes and transitions between them and obtain a unified density-shear amplitude phase diagram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallabi Das
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - H A Vinutha
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru 560064, India
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB21EW, United Kingdom
| | - Srikanth Sastry
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru 560064, India;
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21
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Kumar P, Korkolis E, Benzi R, Denisov D, Niemeijer A, Schall P, Toschi F, Trampert J. On interevent time distributions of avalanche dynamics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:626. [PMID: 31953412 PMCID: PMC6969144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56764-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical systems characterized by stick-slip dynamics often display avalanches. Regardless of the diversity of their microscopic structure, these systems are governed by a power-law distribution of avalanche size and duration. Here we focus on the interevent times between avalanches and show that, unlike their distributions of size and duration, the interevent time distributions are able to distinguish different mechanical states of the system. We use experiments on granular systems and numerical simulations of emulsions to show that systems having the same probability distribution for avalanche size and duration can have different interevent time distributions. Remarkably, these interevent time distributions look similar to those for earthquakes and, if different from an exponential, are indirect evidence of non trivial space-time correlations among avalanches. Our results therefore indicate that interevent time statistics are essential to characterise the dynamics of avalanches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki Kumar
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Evangelos Korkolis
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80115, 3508, TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roberto Benzi
- Dip. di Fisica and INFN, Università "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Dmitry Denisov
- Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098, XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André Niemeijer
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80115, 3508, TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Schall
- Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098, XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Federico Toschi
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. .,Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. .,Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via dei Taurini 19, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Jeannot Trampert
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80115, 3508, TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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22
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Song H, Dimiduk D, Papanikolaou S. Universality Class of Nanocrystal Plasticity: Localization and Self-Organization in Discrete Dislocation Dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:178001. [PMID: 31107061 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.178001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The universality class of the avalanche behavior in plastically deforming crystalline and amorphous systems has been commonly discussed, despite the fact that the microscopic defect character in each of these systems is different. In contrast to amorphous systems, crystalline flow stress increases dramatically at high strains and/or loading rates. We perform simulations of a two-dimensional discrete dislocation dynamics model that minimally captures the phenomenology of nanocrystalline deformation. In the context of this model, we demonstrate that a classic rate dependence of dislocation plasticity at large rates (>10^{3}/s) fundamentally controls the system's statistical character as it competes with dislocation nucleation: At large rates, the behavior is statistically dominated by long-range correlations of "dragged" mobile dislocations. At small rates, plasticity localization dominates in small volumes and a spatial integration of avalanche behavior takes place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengxu Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - Dennis Dimiduk
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Stefanos Papanikolaou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
- Department of Physics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
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23
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Singh A, Lee JCT, Avila KE, Chen Y, Montoya SA, Fullerton EE, Fischer P, Dahmen KA, Kevan SD, Sanyal MK, Roy S. Scaling of domain cascades in stripe and skyrmion phases. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1988. [PMID: 31040276 PMCID: PMC6491444 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09934-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of deterministic macroscopic properties often lies in microscopic stochastic motion. Magnetic fluctuations that manifest as domain avalanches and chaotic magnetization jumps exemplify such stochastic motion and have been studied in great detail. Here we report Fourier space studies of avalanches in a system exhibiting competing magnetic stripe and skyrmion phase using a soft X-ray speckle metrology technique. We demonstrate the existence of phase boundaries and underlying critical points in the stripe and skyrmion phases. We found that distinct scaling and universality classes are associated with these domain topologies. The magnitude and frequency of abrupt magnetic domain jumps observed in the stripe phase are dramatically reduced in the skyrmion phase. Our results provide an incisive way to probe and understand phase stability in systems exhibiting complex spin topologies. Switching of magnetic materials often occurs through discrete random avalanches. Singh et al. observe sharply reduced avalanches in the topologically protected skyrmion phase of a Fe/Gd heterostructure and obtain different critical behaviour in the stripe and skyrmion phases, suggesting distinct universality classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Singh
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700064, India
| | - J C T Lee
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - K E Avila
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - S A Montoya
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - E E Fullerton
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - P Fischer
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - K A Dahmen
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - S D Kevan
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - M K Sanyal
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700064, India
| | - S Roy
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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24
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Saitoh K, Oyama N, Ogushi F, Luding S. Transition rates for slip-avalanches in soft athermal disks under quasi-static simple shear deformations. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:3487-3492. [PMID: 30849152 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01966e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We study slip-avalanches in two-dimensional soft athermal disks by quasi-static simulations of simple shear deformations. Sharp drops in shear stress, or slip-avalanches, are observed intermittently during steady state. Such stress drops are caused by restructuring of the contact networks, accompanied by drastic changes of the interaction forces, Δf. The changes of the forces happen heterogeneously in space, indicating that collective non-affine motions of the disks are most pronounced when slip-avalanches occur. We analyze and predict the statistics for the force changes, Δf, by transition rates of the contact forces and angles, where slip-avalanches are characterized by wide power-law tails. We find that the transition rates are described by a q-Gaussian distribution regardless of the area fraction of the disks. Because the transition rates quantify structural changes of the force-chains, our findings are an important step towards linking macroscopic observations to a microscopic theory of slip-avalanches in the experimentally accessible quasi-static regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniyasu Saitoh
- Research Alliance Center for Mathematical Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Norihiro Oyama
- Mathematics for Advanced Materials-OIL, AIST, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Fumiko Ogushi
- Center for Materials Research by Information Integration, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
- Kyoto University Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Yoshida Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Stefan Luding
- Faculty of Engineering Technology, MESA+, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands
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25
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Deng F, Tsekenis G, Rubinstein SM. Simple Law for Third-Body Friction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:135503. [PMID: 31012638 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.135503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A key difficulty to understanding friction is that many physical mechanisms contribute simultaneously. Here we investigate third-body frictional dynamics in a model experimental system that eliminates first-body interaction, wear, and fracture, and concentrates on the elastic interaction between sliding blocks and third bodies. We simultaneously visualize the particle motion and measure the global shear force. By systematically increasing the number of foreign particles, we find that the frictional dissipation depends only on the size ratio between surface asperities and the loose particles, irrespective of the particle's size or the surface's roughness. When the particles are comparable in size to the surface features, friction increases linearly with the number of particles. For particles smaller than the surface features, friction grows sublinearly with the number of particles. Our findings suggest that matching the size of surface features to the size of potential contaminants may be a good strategy for reliable lubrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Deng
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Georgios Tsekenis
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Shmuel M Rubinstein
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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26
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Salje EKH, Liu H, Xiao Y, Jin L, Planes A, Vives E, Xie K, Jiang X. Avalanche mixing and the simultaneous collapse of two media under uniaxial stress. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:023002. [PMID: 30934264 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.023002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Avalanches in coal and sandstone samples under common uniaxial stress serve as a model for mixing of avalanche exponents in ceramics, multiferroics, and alloys. The two media are sandwiched together and subjected to common uniaxial stress using high- and low-stress compression. Each medium collapses individually through avalanches that often coincide with secondary avalanches into the other medium. The total avalanche time sequence allows a detailed investigation of the mixing by superposition and delayed coincidence. Correlations can be described by an inter-media Båth's law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekhard K H Salje
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, 400044 Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviors of Materials, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, 710049 Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - Hanlong Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, 400044 Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xiao
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, 400044 Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Linsen Jin
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, 400044 Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Antoni Planes
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia
| | - Eduard Vives
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia
| | - Kainan Xie
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, 400044 Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Jiang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, 400044 Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
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27
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Harrington M, Liu AJ, Durian DJ. Machine learning characterization of structural defects in amorphous packings of dimers and ellipses. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:022903. [PMID: 30934296 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.022903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Structural defects within amorphous packings of symmetric particles can be characterized using a machine learning approach that incorporates structure functions of radial distances and angular arrangement. This yields a scalar field, softness, that correlates with the probability that a particle is about to be rearranged. However, when particle shapes are elongated, as in the case of dimers and ellipses, we find that the standard structure functions produce imprecise softness measurements. Moreover, ellipses exhibit deformation profiles in stark contrast to circular particles. In order to account for the effects of orientation and alignment, we introduce structure functions to recover the predictive performance of softness, as well as provide physical insight into local and extended dynamics. We study a model disordered solid, a bidisperse two-dimensional granular pillar, driven by uniaxial compression and composed entirely of monomers, dimers, or ellipses. We demonstrate how the computation of softness via a support vector machine extends to dimers and ellipses with the introduction of orientational structure functions. Then we highlight the spatial extent of rearrangements and defects, as well as their cross correlation, for each particle shape. Finally, we demonstrate how an additional machine learning algorithm, recursive feature elimination, provides an avenue to better understand how softness arises from particular structural aspects. We identify the most crucial structure functions in determining softness and discuss their physical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Harrington
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Andrea J Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Douglas J Durian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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28
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Lefever JA, Mulderrig JP, Hor JL, Lee D, Carpick RW. Disordered Nanoparticle Packings under Local Stress Exhibit Avalanche-Like, Environmentally Dependent Plastic Deformation. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:5418-5425. [PMID: 30103605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoindentation experiments on disordered nanoparticle packings performed both in an atomic force microscope and in situ in a transmission electron microscope are used to investigate the mechanics of plastic deformation. Under an applied load, these highly porous films exhibit load drops, the magnitudes of which are consistent with an exponential population distribution. These load drops are attributed to local rearrangements of a small number of particles, which bear similarities to shear transformation zones and to the T1 process, both of which have been previously predicted for disordered packings. An increase in the relative humidity results in an increase in the number of observed load drops, indicating that the strength of the particle interactions has a significant effect on the modes of plastic deformation. These results suggest how disordered nanoparticle packings may be expected to behave in devices operating under varying environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel A Lefever
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Jason P Mulderrig
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Jyo Lyn Hor
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Robert W Carpick
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Applied Mechanics , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
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29
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Poincloux S, Adda-Bedia M, Lechenault F. Crackling Dynamics in the Mechanical Response of Knitted Fabrics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:058002. [PMID: 30118262 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.058002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Crackling noise, which occurs in a wide range of situations, is characterized by discrete events of various sizes, often correlated in the form of avalanches. We report experimental evidence that the mechanical response of a knitted fabric displays such broadly distributed events both in the force signal and in the deformation field, with statistics analogous to that of earthquakes or soft amorphous materials. A knit consists of a regular network of frictional contacts, linked by the elasticity of the yarn. When deformed, the fabric displays spatially extended avalanchelike yielding events resulting from collective interyarn contact slips. We measure the size distribution of these avalanches, at the stitch level from the analysis of nonelastic displacement fields and externally from force fluctuations. The two measurements yield consistent power law distributions reminiscent of those found in other avalanching systems. Our study shows that a knitted fabric is not only a thread-based metamaterial with highly sought after mechanical properties, but also an original, model system, with topologically protected structural order, where an intermittent, scale-invariant response emerges from minimal ingredients, and thus a significant landmark in the study of out-of-equilibrium universality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Poincloux
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75231 Paris, France
| | - Mokhtar Adda-Bedia
- Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Lechenault
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75231 Paris, France
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30
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McFaul LW, Wright WJ, Gu X, Uhl JT, Dahmen KA. Aftershocks in slowly compressed bulk metallic glasses: Experiments and theory. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:063005. [PMID: 30011456 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.063005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We observe two distinct interevent time patterns in the slip avalanches of compressed bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). Small slip avalanches cluster together in time, but large slip avalanches recur roughly periodically. We compare the timing patterns of BMG slip avalanches with timing patterns of earthquakes and with the predictions of a mean-field model. The time clustering of small avalanches is similar to the known time clustering of earthquake foreshocks and aftershocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis W McFaul
- Department of Physics and Institute of Condensed Matter Theory, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Wendelin J Wright
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, One Dent Drive, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, One Dent Drive, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, USA
| | - Xiaojun Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, One Dent Drive, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, USA
| | - Jonathan T Uhl
- Department of Physics and Institute of Condensed Matter Theory, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Karin A Dahmen
- Department of Physics and Institute of Condensed Matter Theory, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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31
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Ozawa M, Berthier L, Biroli G, Rosso A, Tarjus G. Random critical point separates brittle and ductile yielding transitions in amorphous materials. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:6656-6661. [PMID: 29891678 PMCID: PMC6042060 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1806156115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We combine an analytically solvable mean-field elasto-plastic model with molecular dynamics simulations of a generic glass former to demonstrate that, depending on their preparation protocol, amorphous materials can yield in two qualitatively distinct ways. We show that well-annealed systems yield in a discontinuous brittle way, as metallic and molecular glasses do. Yielding corresponds in this case to a first-order nonequilibrium phase transition. As the degree of annealing decreases, the first-order character becomes weaker and the transition terminates in a second-order critical point in the universality class of an Ising model in a random field. For even more poorly annealed systems, yielding becomes a smooth crossover, representative of the ductile rheological behavior generically observed in foams, emulsions, and colloidal glasses. Our results show that the variety of yielding behaviors found in amorphous materials does not necessarily result from the diversity of particle interactions or microscopic dynamics but is instead unified by carefully considering the role of the initial stability of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Ozawa
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Ludovic Berthier
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France;
| | - Giulio Biroli
- Institut de Physique Théorique, Université Paris Saclay, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), CNRS, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alberto Rosso
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Gilles Tarjus
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS UMR 7600, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC)-Sorbonne Université, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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32
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Baró J, Dahmen KA, Davidsen J, Planes A, Castillo PO, Nataf GF, Salje EKH, Vives E. Experimental Evidence of Accelerated Seismic Release without Critical Failure in Acoustic Emissions of Compressed Nanoporous Materials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:245501. [PMID: 29956947 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.245501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The total energy of acoustic emission (AE) events in externally stressed materials diverges when approaching macroscopic failure. Numerical and conceptual models explain this accelerated seismic release (ASR) as the approach to a critical point that coincides with ultimate failure. Here, we report ASR during soft uniaxial compression of three silica-based (SiO_{2}) nanoporous materials. Instead of a singular critical point, the distribution of AE energies is stationary, and variations in the activity rate are sufficient to explain the presence of multiple periods of ASR leading to distinct brittle failure events. We propose that critical failure is suppressed in the AE statistics by mechanisms of transient hardening. Some of the critical exponents estimated from the experiments are compatible with mean field models, while others are still open to interpretation in terms of the solution of frictional and fracture avalanche models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Baró
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1. 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Karin A Dahmen
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Jörn Davidsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Antoni Planes
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1. 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pedro O Castillo
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1. 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CONACYT, Instituto Tecnológico de Oaxaca, Av. Ing. Víctor Bravo Ahuja 125, Oaxaca de Juárez 68030, México
| | - Guillaume F Nataf
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1. 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Ekhard K H Salje
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - Eduard Vives
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1. 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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33
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Nguyen HT, Hoy RS. Effect of the Ratio lK/p on Glassy-Polymeric Shear Deformation Mechanisms. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong T. Nguyen
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Robert S. Hoy
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
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34
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Cubuk ED, Ivancic RJS, Schoenholz SS, Strickland DJ, Basu A, Davidson ZS, Fontaine J, Hor JL, Huang YR, Jiang Y, Keim NC, Koshigan KD, Lefever JA, Liu T, Ma XG, Magagnosc DJ, Morrow E, Ortiz CP, Rieser JM, Shavit A, Still T, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Nordstrom KN, Arratia PE, Carpick RW, Durian DJ, Fakhraai Z, Jerolmack DJ, Lee D, Li J, Riggleman R, Turner KT, Yodh AG, Gianola DS, Liu AJ. Structure-property relationships from universal signatures of plasticity in disordered solids. Science 2018; 358:1033-1037. [PMID: 29170231 DOI: 10.1126/science.aai8830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
When deformed beyond their elastic limits, crystalline solids flow plastically via particle rearrangements localized around structural defects. Disordered solids also flow, but without obvious structural defects. We link structure to plasticity in disordered solids via a microscopic structural quantity, "softness," designed by machine learning to be maximally predictive of rearrangements. Experimental results and computations enabled us to measure the spatial correlations and strain response of softness, as well as two measures of plasticity: the size of rearrangements and the yield strain. All four quantities maintained remarkable commonality in their values for disordered packings of objects ranging from atoms to grains, spanning seven orders of magnitude in diameter and 13 orders of magnitude in elastic modulus. These commonalities link the spatial correlations and strain response of softness to rearrangement size and yield strain, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Cubuk
- Google Brain, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - R J S Ivancic
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - S S Schoenholz
- Google Brain, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - D J Strickland
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - A Basu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Z S Davidson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - J Fontaine
- Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systémes, École Centrale de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5513, Université de Lyon, 69134 Ecully Cedex, France
| | - J L Hor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Y-R Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Y Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - N C Keim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Physics Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - K D Koshigan
- Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systémes, École Centrale de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5513, Université de Lyon, 69134 Ecully Cedex, France
| | - J A Lefever
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - T Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - X-G Ma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Complex Assemblies of Soft Matter, CNRS-Solvay-UPenn UMI 3254, Bristol, PA 19007, USA
| | - D J Magagnosc
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E Morrow
- Department of Physics, Houghton College, Houghton, NY 14744, USA
| | - C P Ortiz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - J M Rieser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - A Shavit
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - T Still
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Y Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - K N Nordstrom
- Department of Physics, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA
| | - P E Arratia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - R W Carpick
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - D J Durian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Z Fakhraai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - D J Jerolmack
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - R Riggleman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - K T Turner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - A G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - D S Gianola
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - Andrea J Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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35
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Navas-Portella V, Serra I, Corral Á, Vives E. Increasing power-law range in avalanche amplitude and energy distributions. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:022134. [PMID: 29548208 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.022134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Power-law-type probability density functions spanning several orders of magnitude are found for different avalanche properties. We propose a methodology to overcome empirical constraints that limit the range of truncated power-law distributions. By considering catalogs of events that cover different observation windows, the maximum likelihood estimation of a global power-law exponent is computed. This methodology is applied to amplitude and energy distributions of acoustic emission avalanches in failure-under-compression experiments of a nanoporous silica glass, finding in some cases global exponents in an unprecedented broad range: 4.5 decades for amplitudes and 9.5 decades for energies. In the latter case, however, strict statistical analysis suggests experimental limitations might alter the power-law behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Navas-Portella
- Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, Edifici C, Campus Bellaterra, E-08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.,Barcelona Graduate School of Mathematics, Edifici C, Campus Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.,Facultat de Matemàtiques i Informàtica, Universitat de Barcelona, Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 585, E-08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Serra
- Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, Edifici C, Campus Bellaterra, E-08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Corral
- Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, Edifici C, Campus Bellaterra, E-08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.,Barcelona Graduate School of Mathematics, Edifici C, Campus Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.,Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Josefstädter Straße 39, 1080 Vienna, Austria.,Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Vives
- Departament de Matèria Condensada, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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36
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Salje EKH, Planes A, Vives E. Analysis of crackling noise using the maximum-likelihood method: Power-law mixing and exponential damping. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:042122. [PMID: 29347614 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.042122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Crackling noise can be initiated by competing or coexisting mechanisms. These mechanisms can combine to generate an approximate scale invariant distribution that contains two or more contributions. The overall distribution function can be analyzed, to a good approximation, using maximum-likelihood methods and assuming that it follows a power law although with nonuniversal exponents depending on a varying lower cutoff. We propose that such distributions are rather common and originate from a simple superposition of crackling noise distributions or exponential damping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekhard K H Salje
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - Antoni Planes
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès,1, E-08028 Barcelona, Catalonia
| | - Eduard Vives
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès,1, E-08028 Barcelona, Catalonia
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37
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Davidsen J, Kwiatek G, Charalampidou EM, Goebel T, Stanchits S, Rück M, Dresen G. Triggering Processes in Rock Fracture. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:068501. [PMID: 28949624 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.068501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We study triggering processes in triaxial compression experiments under a constant displacement rate on sandstone and granite samples using spatially located acoustic emission events and their focal mechanisms. We present strong evidence that event-event triggering plays an important role in the presence of large-scale or macrocopic imperfections, while such triggering is basically absent if no significant imperfections are present. In the former case, we recover all established empirical relations of aftershock seismicity including the Gutenberg-Richter relation, a modified version of the Omori-Utsu relation and the productivity relation-despite the fact that the activity is dominated by compaction-type events and triggering cascades have a swarmlike topology. For the Gutenberg-Richter relations, we find that the b value is smaller for triggered events compared to background events. Moreover, we show that triggered acoustic emission events have a focal mechanism much more similar to their associated trigger than expected by chance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Davidsen
- Complexity Science Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section III.2: Geomechanics and Rheology, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Kwiatek
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section III.2: Geomechanics and Rheology, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Goebel
- University of California, Santa Cruz, Earth & Planetary Sciences, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | | | - Marc Rück
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section III.2: Geomechanics and Rheology, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Georg Dresen
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section III.2: Geomechanics and Rheology, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
- University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
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38
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Soprunyuk V, Puchberger S, Tröster A, Vives E, Salje EKH, Schranz W. Strain intermittency due to avalanches in ferroelastic and porous materials. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:224002. [PMID: 28383285 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa6bd2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The avalanche statistics in porous materials and ferroelastic domain wall systems has been studied for slowly increasing compressive uniaxial stress with stress rates between 0.2 and 17 kPa s-1. Velocity peaks [Formula: see text] are calculated from the measured strain drops and used to determine the corresponding Energy distributions [Formula: see text]. Power law distributions [Formula: see text] have been obtained over 4-6 decades. For most of the porous materials and domain wall systems an exponent [Formula: see text] was obtained in good agreement with mean-field theory of the interface pinning transition. For charcoal, shale and calcareous schist we found significant deviations of the exponents from mean-field values in agreement with recent acoustic emission experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Soprunyuk
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Wien, Austria
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39
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Denisov DV, Lőrincz KA, Wright WJ, Hufnagel TC, Nawano A, Gu X, Uhl JT, Dahmen KA, Schall P. Universal slip dynamics in metallic glasses and granular matter - linking frictional weakening with inertial effects. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43376. [PMID: 28262791 PMCID: PMC5338258 DOI: 10.1038/srep43376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Slowly strained solids deform via intermittent slips that exhibit a material-independent critical size distribution. Here, by comparing two disparate systems - granular materials and bulk metallic glasses - we show evidence that not only the statistics of slips but also their dynamics are remarkably similar, i.e. independent of the microscopic details of the material. By resolving and comparing the full time evolution of avalanches in bulk metallic glasses and granular materials, we uncover a regime of universal deformation dynamics. We experimentally verify the predicted universal scaling functions for the dynamics of individual avalanches in both systems, and show that both the slip statistics and dynamics are independent of the scale and details of the material structure and interactions, thus settling a long-standing debate as to whether or not the claim of universality includes only the slip statistics or also the slip dynamics. The results imply that the frictional weakening in granular materials and the interplay of damping, weakening and inertial effects in bulk metallic glasses have strikingly similar effects on the slip dynamics. These results are important for transferring experimental results across scales and material structures in a single theory of deformation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Denisov
- Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94485, 1090 GL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kinga A Lőrincz
- Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94485, 1090 GL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wendelin J Wright
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bucknell University, One Dent Drive, Lewisburg, PA 17837.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Bucknell University, One Dent Drive, Lewisburg, PA 17837
| | - Todd C Hufnagel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Aya Nawano
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Xiaojun Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bucknell University, One Dent Drive, Lewisburg, PA 17837
| | | | - Karin A Dahmen
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Peter Schall
- Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94485, 1090 GL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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40
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Lebyodkin MA, Shashkov IV, Lebedkina TA, Gornakov VS. Experimental investigation of the effect of thresholding on temporal statistics of avalanches. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:032910. [PMID: 28415359 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.032910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Avalanchelike behavior reflected in power-law statistics is a ubiquitous property of extended systems addressed in a number of generic models. The paper presents an experimental investigation of the effect of thresholding on the statistics of durations and waiting times between avalanches using acoustic emission accompanying unstable plastic deformation. It is found that durations of acoustic events obey power-law statistical distributions robust against thresholding. The quiescent time distributions follow the Poisson law for low threshold values. Both these results corroborate the hypothesis that plastic deformation is akin to the phenomena associated with self-organized criticality (SOC), often advanced on the basis of power-law amplitude statistics. Increasing the threshold height enforces deviation from the Poisson distributions toward apparent power-law behavior. Such a thresholding effect may hinder the experimental determination of SOC-like dynamics because of the inevitable noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Lebyodkin
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures et de Mécanique des Matériaux, UMR 7239, CNRS/Université de Lorraine, Ile du Saulcy, 57045 Metz, France
| | - I V Shashkov
- Institute of Solid State Physics RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - T A Lebedkina
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures et de Mécanique des Matériaux, UMR 7239, CNRS/Université de Lorraine, Ile du Saulcy, 57045 Metz, France
| | - V S Gornakov
- Institute of Solid State Physics RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
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41
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Sheikh MA, Weaver RL, Dahmen KA. Avalanche Statistics Identify Intrinsic Stellar Processes near Criticality in KIC 8462852. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:261101. [PMID: 28059527 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.261101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The star KIC8462852 (Tabby's star) has shown anomalous drops in light flux. We perform a statistical analysis of the more numerous smaller dimming events by using methods found useful for avalanches in ferromagnetism and plastic flow. Scaling exponents for avalanche statistics and temporal profiles of the flux during the dimming events are close to mean field predictions. Scaling collapses suggest that this star may be near a nonequilibrium critical point. The large events are interpreted as avalanches marked by modified dynamics, limited by the system size, and not within the scaling regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Sheikh
- Department of Physics, 1110 West Green Street, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Richard L Weaver
- Department of Physics, 1110 West Green Street, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Karin A Dahmen
- Department of Physics, 1110 West Green Street, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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42
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LeBlanc M, Nawano A, Wright WJ, Gu X, Uhl JT, Dahmen KA. Avalanche statistics from data with low time resolution. Phys Rev E 2016; 94:052135. [PMID: 27967111 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.052135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Extracting avalanche distributions from experimental microplasticity data can be hampered by limited time resolution. We compute the effects of low time resolution on avalanche size distributions and give quantitative criteria for diagnosing and circumventing problems associated with low time resolution. We show that traditional analysis of data obtained at low acquisition rates can lead to avalanche size distributions with incorrect power-law exponents or no power-law scaling at all. Furthermore, we demonstrate that it can lead to apparent data collapses with incorrect power-law and cutoff exponents. We propose new methods to analyze low-resolution stress-time series that can recover the size distribution of the underlying avalanches even when the resolution is so low that naive analysis methods give incorrect results. We test these methods on both downsampled simulation data from a simple model and downsampled bulk metallic glass compression data and find that the methods recover the correct critical exponents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael LeBlanc
- Department of Physics and Institute of Condensed Matter Theory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3080, USA
| | - Aya Nawano
- Department of Physics and Institute of Condensed Matter Theory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3080, USA
| | - Wendelin J Wright
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, One Dent Drive, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, One Dent Drive, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, USA
| | - Xiaojun Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, One Dent Drive, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, USA
| | - J T Uhl
- Department of Physics and Institute of Condensed Matter Theory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3080, USA
| | - Karin A Dahmen
- Department of Physics and Institute of Condensed Matter Theory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3080, USA
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43
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Cui Y, Po G, Ghoniem N. Controlling Strain Bursts and Avalanches at the Nano- to Micrometer Scale. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:155502. [PMID: 27768336 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.155502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate, through three-dimensional discrete dislocation dynamics simulations, that the complex dynamical response of nano- and microcrystals to external constraints can be tuned. Under load rate control, strain bursts are shown to exhibit scale-free avalanche statistics, similar to critical phenomena in many physical systems. For the other extreme of displacement rate control, strain burst response transitions to quasiperiodic oscillations, similar to stick-slip earthquakes. External load mode control is shown to enable a qualitative transition in the complex collective dynamics of dislocations from self-organized criticality to quasiperiodic oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Cui
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Giacomo Po
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Nasr Ghoniem
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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44
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Abstract
In many important systems exhibiting crackling noise-an intermittent avalanchelike relaxation response with power-law and, thus, self-similar distributed event sizes-the "laws" for the rate of activity after large events are not consistent with the overall self-similar behavior expected on theoretical grounds. This is particularly true for the case of seismicity, and a satisfying solution to this paradox has remained outstanding. Here, we propose a generalized description of the aftershock rates which is both self-similar and consistent with all other known self-similar features. Comparing our theoretical predictions with high-resolution earthquake data from Southern California we find excellent agreement, providing particularly clear evidence for a unified description of aftershocks and foreshocks. This may offer an improved framework for time-dependent seismic hazard assessment and earthquake forecasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Davidsen
- Complexity Science Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4.,GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 3.2: Geomechanics and Rheology, Telegrafenberg, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marco Baiesi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy.,INFN - Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
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45
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Denisov DV, Lörincz KA, Uhl JT, Dahmen KA, Schall P. Universality of slip avalanches in flowing granular matter. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10641. [PMID: 26883071 PMCID: PMC4757786 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for scale-bridging relations in the deformation of amorphous materials presents a current challenge with tremendous applications in material science, engineering and geology. While generic features in the flow and microscopic dynamics support the idea of a universal scaling theory of deformation, direct microscopic evidence remains poor. Here, we provide the first measurement of internal scaling relations in the deformation of granular matter. By combining macroscopic force fluctuation measurements with internal strain imaging, we demonstrate the existence of robust scaling relations from particle-scale to macroscopic flow. We identify consistent power-law relations truncated by systematic pressure-dependent cutoff, in agreement with recent mean-field theory of slip avalanches in elasto-plastic materials, revealing the existence of a mechanical critical point. These results experimentally establish scale-bridging relations in the flow of matter, paving the way to a new universal theory of deformation. Whether the deformation of amorphous materials is governed by universal scaling, a characteristic feature of the critical phenomena, is currently under debate. Here, Denisov et al. provide experimental evidence by linking the internal strains at microscales to the fluctuations in the applied force.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Denisov
- Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94485, 1090 GL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K A Lörincz
- Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94485, 1090 GL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J T Uhl
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - K A Dahmen
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - P Schall
- Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94485, 1090 GL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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