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Zhao S, Fu Y, Li Y, Lin J, Su X. A mechanistic study on the toluidine blue/ photodynamic therapy inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in rat gingival fibroblasts. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:187. [PMID: 39031220 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of toluidine blue (TB) mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in rat gingival fibroblasts through in vitro experiments. Rat gingival fibroblasts were divided into five groups: (1) control, (2) LPS treatment, (3) laser treatment, (4) TB treatment (1.0 µg/mL), and (5) PDT treatment (TB plus laser irradiation at 320 mW/cm2 for 240 s). After 24 h, cell growth activity was measured using MTT assay. The levels of receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the cell culture supernatant were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Nuclear proteins were extracted and the phosphorylation levels of phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB/p65 (p-p65) and phosphorylated inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (p-IκBα) were determined using Western Blot. MTT results showed no significant difference in cell viability between the groups (P > 0.05). After LPS induction, OPG expression decreased, RANKL expression increased, and the OPG/RANKL ratio decreased, which was different from the control group (P < 0.05). After PDT treatment, OPG expression increased, RANKL expression decreased (P < 0.05), and the OPG/RANKL ratio increased (P < 0.05). Compared to the control group, there was no significant difference in OPG and RANKL expression or the OPG/RANKL ratio (P > 0.05). The activation of NF-κB was closely related to the phosphorylation levels of p-p65 and p-IκBα. LPS significantly up-regulated p-p65 and p-IκBα expression (P < 0.05), while PDT treatment decreased their phosphorylation levels (P < 0.05). TB-PDT treatment can inhibit NF-κB signaling pathway activation, decrease RANKL and OPG expression, and reduce the OPG/RANKL ratio, thereby reducing inflammation and playing a role in periodontitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 998 Aiying Street, Songbei District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150023, China
| | - Yao Fu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31, Huatuo Road, Daxing District, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 998 Aiying Street, Songbei District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150023, China
| | - Jianan Lin
- Department of Stomatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 998 Aiying Street, Songbei District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150023, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Stomatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 998 Aiying Street, Songbei District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150023, China.
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Yamamoto T, Yuan H, Suzuki S, Nemoto E, Saito M, Yamada S. Procyanidin B2 enhances anti-inflammatory responses of periodontal ligament cells by inhibiting the dominant negative pro-inflammatory isoforms of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:1801-1810. [PMID: 39035263 PMCID: PMC11259626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Periodontal breakdown in periodontitis is exacerbated by pro-inflammatory responses of periodontal stromal cells such as periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs). Procyanidin B2 (PB2) is a ligand of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ). Herein, we investigated the expression of PPARγ isoforms in PDLFs and periodontal tissue, and examined the effects of PB2 on PPARγ isoform-dependent antiinflammatory responses. Materials and methods PPARγ isoforms were examined by PCR. PPARγ isoform-dependent inflammatory functions and anti-inflammatory effects of PB2 in PDLFs were evaluated based on IL-6 expression. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis of fixed chromatin-tethered protein (CoIPfctp) was conducted to investigate the association of each PPARγ isoform with the NF-κB-transcriptional complex. The effects of PB2 on periodontitis progression were evaluated using a ligature-induced murine periodontitis model. Results Three isoforms of PPARγ were expressed in PDLFs and periodontal tissues, consisting of the main full-length isoform (PPARγ) and two dominant negative isoforms that lack the ligand binding domain, namely the ubiquitously-expressed isoform (PPARγ-UBI) and unknown isoform (PPARγ-PDL). PPARγ and PPARγ-UBI were predominantly expressed. CoIP-fctp revealed that PPARγ-UBI was selectively associated with NF-κB p65, a key transcriptional factor of IL-6 expression. PB2 suppressed LPS-induced-IL-6 expression exacerbated by the over-expression of PPARγ-UBI. In the murine periodontitis model, topical application of PB2 significantly mitigated alveolar bone loss. Conclusion These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of PB2 in periodontal tissues/cells are distinct, and these effects arise from the inhibition of PPARγ-UBI; hence, the application of PB2 and modification of the splicing event in three PPARγ isoforms have therapeutic potential for preventing periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hang Yuan
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigeki Suzuki
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Eiji Nemoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Saito
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamada
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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Zhang M, Liu Y, Afzali H, Graves DT. An update on periodontal inflammation and bone loss. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1385436. [PMID: 38919613 PMCID: PMC11196616 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the supporting structures of the teeth, including the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Periodontal disease is due to an immune response that stimulates gingivitis and periodontitis, and its systemic consequences. This immune response is triggered by bacteria and may be modulated by environmental conditions such as smoking or systemic disease. Recent advances in single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) and in vivo animal studies have provided new insight into the immune response triggered by bacteria that causes periodontitis and gingivitis. Dysbiosis, which constitutes a change in the bacterial composition of the microbiome, is a key factor in the initiation and progression of periodontitis. The host immune response to dysbiosis involves the activation of various cell types, including keratinocytes, stromal cells, neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells and several lymphocyte subsets, which release pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Periodontal disease has been implicated in contributing to the pathogenesis of several systemic conditions, including diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the complex interplay between the oral microbiome and the host immune response is critical for the development of new therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of periodontitis and its systemic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, School of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, School of Stomatology, Kunming, China
| | - Hamideh Afzali
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dana T. Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Sun S, Yan T, Yang N, Wu J, Liu Z. Regulation of osteoclast differentiation and inflammatory signaling by TCF8 in periodontitis. Oral Dis 2024; 30:2580-2591. [PMID: 37246926 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the potential role of zinc-finger homeodomain transcription factor (TCF8) in osteoclastogenesis and inflammation during periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats with periodontitis were induced via Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) injection. The recombinant lentivirus delivering short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against TCF8 was used to downregulate TCF8 in vivo. Alveolar bone loss in rats was determined by micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT). Typical pathological changes, periodontal tissue inflammation, and osteoclastogenesis were evaluated via histological analyses. The RAW264.7-derived osteoclasts were induced by RANKL stimulation. TCF8 downregulation in vitro was achieved by lentivirus infection. The osteoclast differentiation and inflammatory signaling in RANKL-induced cells were measured via immunofluorescence methods and molecular biology approaches. RESULTS Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide induced rats exhibited overexpressed TCF8 in their periodontal tissues, while TCF8 knockdown attenuated the bone loss, tissue inflammation, and osteoclastogenesis in LPS-induced rats. Besides, TCF8 silencing inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 cells, as evidenced by the reduced numbers of TRAP-positive osteoclasts, less formation of F-actin rings, and downregulated expressions of osteoclast-specific markers. It also exerted an inhibitory effect on the NF-κB signaling in RANKL-induced cells via blocking NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. CONCLUSIONS TCF8 silencing inhibited alveolar bone loss, osteoclast differentiation, and inflammation in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqun Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tongtong Yan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Duscher AA, Vroom MM, Foster JS. Impact of modeled microgravity stress on innate immunity in a beneficial animal-microbe symbiosis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2912. [PMID: 38316910 PMCID: PMC10844198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53477-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The innate immune response is the first line of defense for all animals to not only detect invading microbes and toxins but also sense and interface with the environment. One such environment that can significantly affect innate immunity is spaceflight. In this study, we explored the impact of microgravity stress on key elements of the NFκB innate immune pathway. The symbiosis between the bobtail squid Euprymna scolopes and its beneficial symbiont Vibrio fischeri was used as a model system under a simulated microgravity environment. The expression of genes associated with the NFκB pathway was monitored over time as the symbiosis progressed. Results revealed that although the onset of the symbiosis was the major driver in the differential expression of NFκB signaling, the stress of simulated low-shear microgravity also caused a dysregulation of expression. Several genes were expressed at earlier time points suggesting that elements of the E. scolopes NFκB pathway are stress-inducible, whereas expression of other pathway components was delayed. The results provide new insights into the role of NFκB signaling in the squid-vibrio symbiosis, and how the stress of microgravity negatively impacts the host immune response. Together, these results provide a foundation to develop mitigation strategies to maintain host-microbe homeostasis during spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandrea A Duscher
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Space Life Science Lab, University of Florida, Merritt Island, FL, 32953, USA
- Chesapeake Bay Governor's School, Warsaw, VA, 22572, USA
| | - Madeline M Vroom
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Space Life Science Lab, University of Florida, Merritt Island, FL, 32953, USA
- Vaxxinity, Space Life Sciences Lab, Merritt Island, FL, 32953, USA
| | - Jamie S Foster
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Space Life Science Lab, University of Florida, Merritt Island, FL, 32953, USA.
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Vongsakulpaisarn P, Sangkhamanee SS, Rassameemasmaung S, Sritanaudomchai H. Effect of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells-Derived Conditioned Medium on Gene Expression and Differentiation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Challenged Osteoblasts. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:378-386. [PMID: 37562430 PMCID: PMC10959631 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) causes bone resorption in periodontitis. It induces the production of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) from osteoblasts, leading to the disturbance of bone homeostasis through RANKL, RANK, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) axis. This study aimed to explore the effect of periodontal ligament stem cells-derived conditioned medium (PDLSCs-CM) on gene expression related to bone homeostasis and the differentiation of TNF-α-challenged osteoblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human osteoblasts were cultured with 50 ng/mL of TNF-α and 0, 1, 10, and 100 µg/ mL of PDLSCs-CM. Osteoblasts cultured without TNF-α and PDLSCs-CM were served as control. Gene expression of RANKL, OPG, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was evaluated by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction at 48 hours. The early-stage and late-stage differentiation of TNF-α-challenged osteoblasts without or with PDLSCs-CM was explored by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and alizarin red staining, respectively, at day 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the differences in gene expression of TNF-α-challenged osteoblasts at 24 and 48 hours, and Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the effect of PDLSCs-CM on gene expression and ALP activity among all experimental groups using SPSS software version 21.0. Statistical significance was considered with p-value less than 0.05. RESULTS Expression of RANKL, OPG and IL-1β was significantly upregulated in TNF-α-challenged osteoblasts compared to the untreated control. The PDLSCs-CM at 1 and 10 μg/mL downregulated gene expression of TNF-α-challenged osteoblasts compared to the group without PDLSCs-CM, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. The ALP activity was decreased in TNF-α-challenged osteoblasts. The addition of PDLSCs-CM did not alter ALP activity of TNF-α-challenged osteoblasts. Alizarin red staining was comparable in the TNF-α-challenged osteoblasts cultured without or with PDLSCs-CM. CONCLUSIONS The PDLSCs-CM did not alter gene expression involved in bone homeostasis and differentiation of TNF-α-challenged osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poranee Vongsakulpaisarn
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Supanee Rassameemasmaung
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Qi J, Chen J, Pang Y, Guo Y, Chen G, Liu Y, Wang J, Liu E. Association between periodontal disease and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20922. [PMID: 37920517 PMCID: PMC10618781 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the relationship between periodontitis and postmenopausal osteoporosis. Methods This research was carried out according to the principles laid down by the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guideline statement. We searched the Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, and WanFang databases from inception to July 1, 2023 to collect all relevant publications, with no restrictions on publication date or Languages. Cochrane's tool for assessing RoB was used to evaluate the RoB for RCTs. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the RoB for cohort studies and case-control studies. Mean differences (MD) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were used for analysis of continuous data. Heterogeneity was measured using the I2 statistic. Revman 5.4 software was used for the meta-analysis. Results 28 observational studies with 19611 patients, including 5813 cases in the postmenopausal osteoporosis group and 13798 cases in the non-osteoporosis group. The studies showed that the degrees of clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), simplified oral hygiene index (OHIS), and percentage of sites with bleeding on probing (BOP) in the postmenopausal osteoporosis group were higher than those in the non-osteoporosis group[CAL(MD = 0.89(mm), 95 % CI [0.48,1.30], p < 0.00001), PD (MD = 0.27(mm), 95 % CI [0.13, 0.41], p = 0.0001), GR (MD = 0.28(mm), 95 % CI [0.20, 0.35], p < 0.00001), OHIS (MD = 1.32,95 % CI [1.12,1.51], p < 0.00001), BOP(MD = 12.71(%), 95 % CI [3.24,22.18], p = 0.009)]. Eleven studies found that bone mineral density (BMD) in the postmenopausal osteoporosis group was lower than that in non-osteoporosis group (MD = -0.41(U/cm2), 95 % CI [-0.77,-0.05], p = 0.03). The combined analysis results of the studies in the two groups showed that there were no significant differences in the loss of alveolar crestal height (ACH)[(MD = -1.76(%),95%CI [-3.64,0.12], p = 0.07)]. Conclusion Postmenopausal osteoporosis patients are more likely to suffer from periodontitis, and the condition is easily aggravated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qi
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Stomatology Center of Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Department of Clinical Skills Training Center, The First School of Clinical Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yunqing Pang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- School of Stomatology Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yufeng Guo
- Stomatology Center of Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Radiology of Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- School of Stomatology Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - E. Liu
- Stomatology Center of Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Peng J, Chen J, Liu Y, Lyu J, Zhang B. Association between periodontitis and osteoporosis in United States adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:254. [PMID: 37131215 PMCID: PMC10155350 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between periodontitis and osteoporosis among US adults as well as the subgroup of menopausal women. BACKGROUND Periodontitis and osteoporosis are both chronic inflammatory diseases characterized by local or systemic bone resorption. Since they share many risk factors, and the significant decrease in estrogen along with menopause is unfavorable for both diseases, it's reasonable to assume that there exists some links between the two diseases, especially during the menopause. METHODS We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2010 and 2013-2014. Periodontitis (defined according to the CDC/AAP definition) and osteoporosis (assessed by the dual-energy radiation absorptiometry) data were available for 5736 participants, and 519 subjects were enrolled in the subgroup of menopausal women aged 45-60 years old. We used binary logistic regression analysis to examine the association between the two diseases both in crude and fully adjusted model. RESULTS In the fully adjusted model, osteoporosis was significantly associated with an increased risk of periodontal disease (OR:1.66, 95% CI: 1.00-2.77) in the whole population. As to the subgroup of menopausal women, osteoporosis group had an adjusted OR of 9.66 (95% CI: 1.13-82.38) for developing severe periodontitis in the fully adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS Osteoporosis is significantly associated with periodontitis and the association is even more pronounced in menopausal women with severe periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Peng
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182, Guangdong, China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Lyu
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182, Guangdong, China.
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Alghamdi B, Jeon HH, Ni J, Qiu D, Liu A, Hong JJ, Ali M, Wang A, Troka M, Graves DT. Osteoimmunology in Periodontitis and Orthodontic Tooth Movement. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:128-146. [PMID: 36862360 PMCID: PMC10696608 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the role of the immune cells and their interaction with cells found in gingiva, periodontal ligament, and bone that leads to net bone loss in periodontitis or bone remodeling in orthodontic tooth movement. RECENT FINDINGS Periodontal disease is one of the most common oral diseases causing inflammation in the soft and hard tissues of the periodontium and is initiated by bacteria that induce a host response. Although the innate and adaptive immune response function cooperatively to prevent bacterial dissemination, they also play a major role in gingival inflammation and destruction of the connective tissue, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone characteristic of periodontitis. The inflammatory response is triggered by bacteria or their products that bind to pattern recognition receptors that induce transcription factor activity to stimulate cytokine and chemokine expression. Epithelial, fibroblast/stromal, and resident leukocytes play a key role in initiating the host response and contribute to periodontal disease. Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) experiments have added new insight into the roles of various cell types in the response to bacterial challenge. This response is modified by systemic conditions such as diabetes and smoking. In contrast to periodontitis, orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a sterile inflammatory response induced by mechanical force. Orthodontic force application stimulates acute inflammatory responses in the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone stimulated by cytokines and chemokines that produce bone resorption on the compression side. On the tension side, orthodontic forces induce the production of osteogenic factors, stimulating new bone formation. A number of different cell types, cytokines, and signaling/pathways are involved in this complex process. Inflammatory and mechanical force-induced bone remodeling involves bone resorption and bone formation. The interaction of leukocytes with host stromal cells and osteoblastic cells plays a key role in both initiating the inflammatory events as well as inducing a cellular cascade that results in remodeling in orthodontic tooth movement or in tissue destruction in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Alghamdi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Medina, 42353, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hyeran Helen Jeon
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jia Ni
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongxu Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Alyssia Liu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Julie J Hong
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Mamoon Ali
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Albert Wang
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Michael Troka
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Dana T Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, Philadelphia, USA.
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Molecular Basis beyond Interrelated Bone Resorption/Regeneration in Periodontal Diseases: A Concise Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054599. [PMID: 36902030 PMCID: PMC10003253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is the sixth most common chronic inflammatory disease, destroying the tissues supporting the teeth. There are three distinct stages in periodontitis: infection, inflammation, and tissue destruction, where each stage has its own characteristics and hence its line of treatment. Illuminating the underlying mechanisms of alveolar bone loss is vital in the treatment of periodontitis to allow for subsequent reconstruction of the periodontium. Bone cells, including osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and bone marrow stromal cells, classically were thought to control bone destruction in periodontitis. Lately, osteocytes were found to assist in inflammation-related bone remodeling besides being able to initiate physiological bone remodeling. Furthermore, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) either transplanted or homed exhibit highly immunosuppressive properties, such as preventing monocytes/hematopoietic precursor differentiation and downregulating excessive release of inflammatory cytokines. In the early stages of bone regeneration, an acute inflammatory response is critical for the recruitment of MSCs, controlling their migration, and their differentiation. Later during bone remodeling, the interaction and balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines could regulate MSC properties, resulting in either bone formation or bone resorption. This narrative review elaborates on the important interactions between inflammatory stimuli during periodontal diseases, bone cells, MSCs, and subsequent bone regeneration or bone resorption. Understanding these concepts will open up new possibilities for promoting bone regeneration and hindering bone loss caused by periodontal diseases.
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Ma J, Kitaura H, Ogawa S, Ohori F, Noguchi T, Marahleh A, Nara Y, Pramusita A, Kinjo R, Kanou K, Kishikawa A, Ichimura A, Mizoguchi I. Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits TNF-α-induced osteoclast formation and orthodontic tooth movement through GPR120. Front Immunol 2023; 13:929690. [PMID: 36741381 PMCID: PMC9889988 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that has a range of positive impacts on human health, including anti-inflammatory effects and inhibition of osteoclast formation via G-protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120). Orthodontic force was reported to induce tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression, which activates osteoclast differentiation during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of DHA on TNF-α-induced osteoclast formation and OTM in vivo. We examined osteoclast formation and bone resorption within the calvaria of both wild-type (WT) and GPR120-deficient (GPR120-KO) mice injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), TNF-α, TNF-α and DHA, or DHA. DHA inhibited TNF-α-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption in WT mice but had no effect in GPR120-KO mice. OTM experiments were performed in mouse strains with or without regular injection of DHA, and the effects of DHA on osteoclast formation in the alveolar bones during OTM were examined. DHA also suppressed OTM in WT but not GPR120-KO mice. Our data showed that DHA suppresses TNF-α-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via GPR120. TNF-α has considerable significance in OTM, and therefore, DHA may also inhibit TNF-α-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption in OTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Ma
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hideki Kitaura
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan,*Correspondence: Hideki Kitaura,
| | - Saika Ogawa
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Ohori
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Noguchi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Aseel Marahleh
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Nara
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Adya Pramusita
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ria Kinjo
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kayoko Kanou
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akiko Kishikawa
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Ichimura
- Department of Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Itaru Mizoguchi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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12
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Jayusman PA, Nasruddin NS, Baharin B, Ibrahim N'I, Ahmad Hairi H, Shuid AN. Overview on postmenopausal osteoporosis and periodontitis: The therapeutic potential of phytoestrogens against alveolar bone loss. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1120457. [PMID: 36909165 PMCID: PMC9995413 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1120457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis and periodontitis are two major chronic diseases of postmenopausal women. The association between these two diseases are evident through systemic bone loss and alveolar bone loss. Both postmenopausal osteoporosis and periodontitis impose a considerable personal and socioeconomic burden. Biphosphonate and hormone replacement therapy are effective in preventing bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis and periodontitis, but they are coupled with severe adverse effects. Phytoestrogens are plant-based estrogen-like compounds, which have been used for the treatment of menopause-related symptoms. In the last decades, numerous preclinical and clinical studies have been carried out to evaluate the therapeutic effects of phytoestrogens including bone health. The aim of this article is to give an overview of the bidirectional interrelationship between postmenopausal osteoporosis and periodontitis, summarize the skeletal effects of phytoestrogens and report the most studied phytoestrogens with promising alveolar bone protective effect in postmenopausal osteoporosis model, with and without experimental periodontitis. To date, there are limited studies on the effects of phytoestrogens on alveolar bone in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Phytoestrogens may have exerted their bone protective effect by inhibiting bone resorption and enhancing bone formation. With the reported findings on the protective effects of phytoestrogens on bone, well-designed trials are needed to better investigate their therapeutic effects. The compilation of outcomes presented in this review may provide an overview of the recent research findings in this field and direct further in vivo and clinical studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri Ayu Jayusman
- Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurrul Shaqinah Nasruddin
- Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Badiah Baharin
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul 'Izzah Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Haryati Ahmad Hairi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Manipal University College, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Nazrun Shuid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
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13
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Shirazi S, Ravindran S, Cooper LF. Topography-mediated immunomodulation in osseointegration; Ally or Enemy. Biomaterials 2022; 291:121903. [PMID: 36410109 PMCID: PMC10148651 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoimmunology is at full display during endosseous implant osseointegration. Bone formation, maintenance and resorption at the implant surface is a result of bidirectional and dynamic reciprocal communication between the bone and immune cells that extends beyond the well-defined osteoblast-osteoclast signaling. Implant surface topography informs adherent progenitor and immune cell function and their cross-talk to modulate the process of bone accrual. Integrating titanium surface engineering with the principles of immunology is utilized to harness the power of immune system to improve osseointegration in healthy and diseased microenvironments. This review summarizes current information regarding immune cell-titanium implant surface interactions and places these events in the context of surface-mediated immunomodulation and bone regeneration. A mechanistic approach is directed in demonstrating the central role of osteoimmunology in the process of osseointegration and exploring how regulation of immune cell function at the implant-bone interface may be used in future control of clinical therapies. The process of peri-implant bone loss is also informed by immunomodulation at the implant surface. How surface topography is exploited to prevent osteoclastogenesis is considered herein with respect to peri-implant inflammation, osteoclastic precursor-surface interactions, and the upstream/downstream effects of surface topography on immune and progenitor cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Shirazi
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Sriram Ravindran
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lyndon F Cooper
- School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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14
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Zhou M, Graves DT. Impact of the host response and osteoblast lineage cells on periodontal disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:998244. [PMID: 36304447 PMCID: PMC9592920 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.998244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis involves the loss of connective tissue attachment and alveolar bone. Single cell RNA-seq experiments have provided new insight into how resident cells and infiltrating immune cells function in response to bacterial challenge in periodontal tissues. Periodontal disease is induced by a combined innate and adaptive immune response to bacterial dysbiosis that is initiated by resident cells including epithelial cells and fibroblasts, which recruit immune cells. Chemokines and cytokines stimulate recruitment of osteoclast precursors and osteoclastogenesis in response to TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, RANKL and other factors. Inflammation also suppresses coupled bone formation to limit repair of osteolytic lesions. Bone lining cells, osteocytes and periodontal ligament cells play a key role in both processes. The periodontal ligament contains cells that exhibit similarities to tendon cells, osteoblast-lineage cells and mesenchymal stem cells. Bone lining cells consisting of mesenchymal stem cells, osteoprogenitors and osteoblasts are influenced by osteocytes and stimulate formation of osteoclast precursors through MCSF and RANKL, which directly induce osteoclastogenesis. Following bone resorption, factors are released from resorbed bone matrix and by osteoclasts and osteal macrophages that recruit osteoblast precursors to the resorbed bone surface. Osteoblast differentiation and coupled bone formation are regulated by multiple signaling pathways including Wnt, Notch, FGF, IGF-1, BMP, and Hedgehog pathways. Diabetes, cigarette smoking and aging enhance the pathologic processes to increase bone resorption and inhibit coupled bone formation to accelerate bone loss. Other bone pathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis, post-menopausal osteoporosis and bone unloading/disuse also affect osteoblast lineage cells and participate in formation of osteolytic lesions by promoting bone resorption and inhibiting coupled bone formation. Thus, periodontitis involves the activation of an inflammatory response that involves a large number of cells to stimulate bone resorption and limit osseous repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dana T. Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Dana T. Graves,
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15
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Ikeuchi T, Moutsopoulos NM. Osteoimmunology in periodontitis; a paradigm for Th17/IL-17 inflammatory bone loss. Bone 2022; 163:116500. [PMID: 35870792 PMCID: PMC10448972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a prevalent human disease of inflammation-induced bone destruction. Through studies in patient lesions of rare and common forms of periodontitis and animal model experimentation, Th17/IL-17 related immune pathways have emerged as mediators of disease pathology. In this focused review, we examine mechanisms of induction, amplification and pathogenicity of Th17 cells in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Ikeuchi
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, 30 convent Dr, Bldg30, Room 327, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America.
| | - Niki M Moutsopoulos
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, 30 convent Dr, Bldg30, Room 327, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America.
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16
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Unveiling the m6A Methylation Regulator Links between Prostate Cancer and Periodontitis by Transcriptomic Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:4030046. [PMID: 36133437 PMCID: PMC9484949 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective To identify the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation regulator genes linking prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) and periodontitis (PD). Materials and Methods PD and TCGA-PRAD GEO datasets were downloaded and analyzed through differential expression analysis to determine the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) deregulated in both conditions. Twenty-three m6A RNA methylation-related genes were downloaded in total. The m6A-related genes that overlapped between PRAD and PD were identified as crosstalk genes. Survival analysis was performed on these genes to determine their prognostic values in the overall survival outcomes of prostate cancer. The KEGG pathways were the most significantly enriched by m6A-related crosstalk genes. We also performed lasso regression analysis and univariate survival analysis to identify the most important m6A-related crosstalk genes, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built from these genes. Results Twenty-three m6A methylation-related regulator genes were differentially expressed and deregulated in PRAD and PD. Among these, seven (i.e., ALKBH5, FMR1, IGFBP3, RBM15B, YTHDF1, YTHDF2, and ZC3H13) were identified as m6A-related cross-talk genes. Survival analysis showed that only the FMR1 gene was a prognostic indicator for PRAD. All other genes had no significant influence on the overall survival of patients with PRAD. Lasso regression analysis and univariate survival analysis identified four m6A-related cross-talk genes (i.e., ALKBH5, IGFBP3, RBM15B, and FMR1) that influenced risk levels. A PPI network was constructed from these genes, and 183 genes from this network were significantly enriched in pathogenic Escherichia coli infection, p53 signaling pathway, nucleocytoplasmic transport, and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Conclusion Seven m6A methylation-related genes (ALKBH5, FMR1, IGFBP3, RBM15B, YTHDF1, YTHDF2, and ZC3H13) were identified as cross-talk genes between prostate cancer and PD.
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17
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Yu B, Wang CY. Osteoporosis and periodontal diseases - An update on their association and mechanistic links. Periodontol 2000 2022; 89:99-113. [PMID: 35244945 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis and osteoporosis are prevalent inflammation-associated skeletal disorders that pose significant public health challenges to our aging population. Both periodontitis and osteoporosis are bone disorders closely associated with inflammation and aging. There has been consistent intrigue on whether a systemic skeletal disease such as osteoporosis will amplify the alveolar bone loss in periodontitis. A survey of the literature published in the past 25 years indicates that systemic low bone mineral density (BMD) is associated with alveolar bone loss, while recent evidence also suggests a correlation between clinical attachment loss and other parameters of periodontitis. Inflammation and its influence on bone remodeling play critical roles in the pathogenesis of both osteoporosis and periodontitis and could serve as the central mechanistic link between these disorders. Enhanced cytokine production and elevated inflammatory response exacerbate osteoclastic bone resorption while inhibiting osteoblastic bone formation, resulting in a net bone loss. With aging, accumulation of oxidative stress and cellular senescence drive the progression of osteoporosis and exacerbation of periodontitis. Vitamin D deficiency and smoking are shared risk factors and may mediate the connection between osteoporosis and periodontitis, through increasing oxidative stress and impairing host response to inflammation. With the connection between systemic and localized bone loss in mind, routine dental exams and intraoral radiographs may serve as a low-cost screening tool for low systemic BMD and increased fracture risk. Conversely, patients with fracture risk beyond the intervention threshold are at greater risk for developing severe periodontitis and undergo tooth loss. Various Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies for osteoporosis have shown promising results for treating periodontitis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying their connection sheds light on potential therapeutic strategies that may facilitate co-management of systemic and localized bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Division of Regenerative and Constitutive Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cun-Yu Wang
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, Broad Stem Cell Research Center and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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18
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Barutta F, Bellini S, Durazzo M, Gruden G. Novel Insight into the Mechanisms of the Bidirectional Relationship between Diabetes and Periodontitis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010178. [PMID: 35052857 PMCID: PMC8774037 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis and diabetes are two major global health problems despite their prevalence being significantly underreported and underestimated. Both epidemiological and intervention studies show a bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and diabetes. The hypothesis of a potential causal link between the two diseases is corroborated by recent studies in experimental animals that identified mechanisms whereby periodontitis and diabetes can adversely affect each other. Herein, we will review clinical data on the existence of a two-way relationship between periodontitis and diabetes and discuss possible mechanistic interactions in both directions, focusing in particular on new data highlighting the importance of the host response. Moreover, we will address the hypothesis that trained immunity may represent the unifying mechanism explaining the intertwined association between diabetes and periodontitis. Achieving a better mechanistic insight on clustering of infectious, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases may provide new therapeutic options to reduce the risk of diabetes and diabetes-associated comorbidities.
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19
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OUP accepted manuscript. Eur J Orthod 2022; 44:669-678. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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20
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Deng J, Lu C, Zhao Q, Chen K, Ma S, Li Z. The Th17/Treg cell balance: crosstalk among the immune system, bone and microbes in periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2021; 57:246-255. [PMID: 34878170 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Periodontopathic bacteria constantly stimulate the host, which causes an immune response, leading to host-induced periodontal tissue damage. The complex interaction and imbalance between Th17 and Treg cells may be critical in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Furthermore, the RANKL/RANK/OPG system plays a significant role in periodontitis bone metabolism, and its relationship with the Th17/Treg cell imbalance may be a bridge between periodontal bone metabolism and the immune system. This article reviews the literature related to the Th17/Treg cell imbalance mediated by pathogenic periodontal microbes, and its mechanism involving RANKL/RANK/OPG in periodontitis bone metabolism, in an effort to provide new ideas for the study of the immunopathological mechanism of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Deng
- Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Department of Stomatology, College of stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunting Lu
- Science and Education Office, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingtong Zhao
- Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Department of Stomatology, College of stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kexiao Chen
- Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Department of Stomatology, College of stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyuan Ma
- Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Department of Stomatology, College of stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zejian Li
- Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Department of Stomatology, College of stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Chaoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Chaozhou, China
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21
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Krstić J, Mojsilović S, Mojsilović SS, Santibanez JF. Regulation of the mesenchymal stem cell fate by interleukin-17: Implications in osteogenic differentiation. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1696-1713. [PMID: 34909118 PMCID: PMC8641017 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i11.1696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration is a tightly regulated process that ensures proper repair and functionality after injury. The delicate balance between bone formation and resorption is governed by cytokines and signaling molecules released during the inflammatory response. Interleukin (IL)-17A, produced in the early phase of inflammation, influences the fate of osteoprogenitors. Due to their inherent capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) contribute to bone healing and regeneration. This review presents an overview of IL-17A signaling and the leading cellular and molecular mechanisms by which it regulates the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. The main findings demonstrating IL-17A’s influence on osteoblastogenesis are described. To this end, divergent information exists about the capacity of IL-17A to regulate MSCs’ osteogenic fate, depending on the tissue context and target cell type, along with contradictory findings in the same cell types. Therefore, we summarize the data showing both the pro-osteogenic and anti-osteogenic roles of IL-17, which may help in the understanding of IL-17A function in bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Krstić
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Slavko Mojsilović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11129, Serbia
| | - Sonja S Mojsilović
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Belgrade 11129, Serbia
| | - Juan F Santibanez
- Group for Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Chile 8370993, Chile
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22
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Ko KI, Sculean A, Graves DT. Diabetic wound healing in soft and hard oral tissues. Transl Res 2021; 236:72-86. [PMID: 33992825 PMCID: PMC8554709 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is significant interest in understanding the cellular mechanisms responsible for expedited healing response in various oral tissues and how they are impacted by systemic diseases. Depending upon the types of oral tissue, wound healing may occur by predominantly re-eptihelialization, by re-epithelialization with substantial new connective tissue formation, or by a a combination of both plus new bone formation. As a result, the cells involved differ and are impacted by systemic diaseses in various ways. Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent metabolic disorder that impairs barrier function and healing responses throughout the human body. In the oral cavity, diabetes is a known risk factor for exacerbated periodontal disease and delayed wound healing, which includes both soft and hard tissue components. Here, we review the mechanisms of diabetic oral wound healing, particularly on impaired keratinocyte proliferation and migration, altered level of inflammation, and reduced formation of new connective tissue and bone. In particular, diabetes inhibits the expression of mitogenic growth factors whereas that of pro-inflammatory cytokines is elevated through epigenetic mechanisms. Moreover, hyperglycemia and oxidative stress induced by diabetes prevents the expansion of mesengenic cells that are involved in both soft and hard tissue oral wounds. A better understanding of how diabetes influences the healing processes is crucial for the prevention and treatment of diabetes-associated oral complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang I Ko
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dana T Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104.
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Jeon HH, Yang CY, Shin MK, Wang J, Patel JH, Chung CH, Graves DT. Osteoblast lineage cells and periodontal ligament fibroblasts regulate orthodontic tooth movement that is dependent on Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-kB) activation. Angle Orthod 2021; 91:664-671. [PMID: 33852725 PMCID: PMC8376154 DOI: 10.2319/031520-182.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the role of NF-κB in osteoblast lineage cells and periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Transgenic mice that expressed a dominant negative mutant of the inhibitor of kB kinase (IKK-DN) with lineage specific expression in osteoblastic cells and PDL fibroblasts driven by a response element in the collagen1α1 promoter and matched wild-type (WT) mice were examined. A 10-12 g force was applied by a NiTi coil and maintained for 5 or 12 days. OTM distance, PDL width, and bone volume fraction were measured using micro computed tomography. Osteoclast numbers were counted in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-stained sections. Activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) was assessed by nuclear localization of p65, and the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) was measured by immunofluorescence and compared to control specimens with no orthodontic force. RESULTS OTM-induced NF-kB activation (p65 nuclear localization) in WT mice was largely blocked in transgenic (TG) mice. OTM was significantly reduced in the TG mice compared to WT mice along with reduced osteoclastogenesis, narrower PDL width, higher bone volume fraction, and reduced RANKL expression. CONCLUSIONS Osteoblast lineage cells and PDL fibroblasts are key contributors to alveolar bone remodeling in OTM through IKKβ dependent NF-κB activation.
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24
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Yang X, Tao X, Qi W, Liu Z, Wang Y, Han Q, Xu C. TLR-4 targeting contributes to the recovery of osteoimmunology in periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:782-788. [PMID: 33729573 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the potential role of TLR-4 in the osteoimmunological imbalance of periodontitis. BACKGROUND Although current evidence supports that TLR-4 plays an important role in the inflammatory response of periodontal tissues triggered by microorganisms, little information is available regarding the function of TLR-4 in the osteoimmune regulation of homeostasis in periodontitis. METHODS Human gingival epithelial cells (HGEC) were isolated from the gingival tissues of 3 healthy volunteers and the expression of osteoclastogenic cytokines was evaluated by ELISA and real time RT-PCR. In addition, 30 C57BL/6 mice were used and randomly divided into three groups: control group, periodontitis group (CP) and periodontitis+TAK-242 (a specific inhibitor of TLR-4) group (TAK-242) and the expression of osteoclastogenic cytokines and the osteoclast density in the periodontal tissue were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase staining. Moreover, micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) was used to assess bone resorption. RESULTS The in vitro results showed that TAK-242 blocked the overproduction of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and RANKL in HGEC treated with LPS. The in vivo results revealed that TAK-242 also effectively decreased these osteoclastogenic cytokines in periodontal tissue of mice with periodontitis. More importantly, Micro-CT analysis showed a significant reduction of the alveolar bone loss in the TAK-242 group compared with the CP group. Furthermore, the TRAP staining showed a significant lower density of osteoclasts in the alveolar bone area of the TAK-242 group. CONCLUSION TLR-4 inhibition decreased the differentiation of osteoclast through the inhibition of the overproduction of osteoclastogenic cytokines and the prevention of the alveolar bone absorption in mouse periodontitis models. Therefore, the use of TAK-242 might contribute to the recovery of the osteoimmunological homeostasis and might provide a potential strategy to treat periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoan Tao
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijuan Qi
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Conservative and Endodontic Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yamin Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Han
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenrong Xu
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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25
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Sha AM, Garib BT, Azeez SH, Gul SS. Effects of curcumin gel on osteoclastogenic bone markers in experimental periodontitis and alveolar bone loss in wistar rats. J Dent Sci 2021; 16:905-914. [PMID: 34141104 PMCID: PMC8189873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Curcumin has anti-inflammatory impacts and was suggested as an inflammatory disease therapy. This study aimed to investigate the implications of curcumin gel on experimental periodontitis (EPD) and alveolar bone loss in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided equally into four groups: negative control (with no EPD); positive control (EPD induced around lower centrals without treatment); control-treated group: EPD treated with chlorhexidine; and test EPD group treated with curcumin. After 30 days, the serum concentrations of RANKL and IL-1β were measured via ELISA. All animals were sacrificed, and mandibular central incisors with the periodontium were removed. The lingual probing depth and radiographical alveolar bone loss were measured, then samples processed for routine preparation of H&E stained sections and histologically assessed for counting inflammatory cells, osteoclasts, and PDL width. RESULTS A significant decrease in the inflammatory cells infiltration, probing depth, and osteoclast numbers with the improvement of PDL associated with a reduction in RANKL and IL-1β serum concentration were seen in both EPD treated groups. CONCLUSION Curcumin is as effective as chlorhexidine in treating experimental periodontitis in rats. It was demonstrated to stop bone destruction related to periodontitis by regulating the RANKL and IL-1β markers level in the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Mohammed Sha
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani- Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Balkees Taha Garib
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani- Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Shokhan Hamaali Azeez
- Department of Dental Nursing, Sulaimani Technical Institute, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani- Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Sarhang Sarwat Gul
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani- Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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26
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Mei Y, Shen X, Wang X, Zhang M, Li Q, Yan J, Xu J, Xu Y. Expression of autophagy and apoptosis-related factors in the periodontal tissue of experimental diabetic rats: a histomorphometric, microtomographic and immunohistochemical study. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11577. [PMID: 34178461 PMCID: PMC8197035 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the expression of autophagy-related factors microtubule-associated protein l light chain 3 (LC3) and the apoptosis-related factors BCL2-associated X protein (Bax) and B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in the periodontal tissue of experimental diabetic rats. These data were used to explore the potential mechanism in diabetes-induced periodontal tissue lesions. Methods A total of 32 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned into diabetes (group D, n = 16) and control groups (group N, n = 16). The diabetic group was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 1% streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg) and the control group was injected with citrate buffer (0.1mol/L). Rats were sacrificed after 4 and 8 weeks of feeding and collected as D1, N1 groups and D2, N2 groups, and the maxilla were retained for analysis. The changes in periodontal tissue structure were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The expression and distribution of LC3, Bax and Bcl-2 in the periodontium of the rats was detected by immunohistochemical (SP) staining. Results Diabetic rats showed several changes compared to control animals including sparse alveolar bone trabecular structure, loss of the lamina dura and absorption of the local alveolar bone. The positive expression level of LC3 in the gingival epithelial, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone of group D1 was significantly higher than in the N1, N2 and D2 groups (P < 0.05). The level of Bax expression in the group D2 rats was significantly higher than those in the N1, N2 and D1 groups (P < 0.05), while the positive degree of Bcl-2 was significantly lower than those of other groups (P < 0.001). LC3 was negatively correlated with Bax and was irrelevant with Bcl-2; Bcl-2 was not correlated with Bax. Conclusions The expression of LC3, Bax and Bcl-2 changes in the periodontal tissue of diabetic rats may indicate that autophagy and apoptotic are involved in the process of periodontal tissue damage in diabetic rats. These changes may be one of the mechanisms of periodontal tissue lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youmin Mei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Periodontology, Nantong Stomatological Hospital, The Affiliated Nantong Stomatological Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiang Shen
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Nantong Stomatological Hospital, The Affiliated Nantong Stomatological Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Periodontology, Nantong Stomatological Hospital, The Affiliated Nantong Stomatological Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Junyi Yan
- Department of Periodontology, Nantong Stomatological Hospital, The Affiliated Nantong Stomatological Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiali Xu
- Department of Periodontology, Nantong Stomatological Hospital, The Affiliated Nantong Stomatological Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Luo J, Xu T, Sun K. N6-Methyladenosine RNA Modification in Inflammation: Roles, Mechanisms, and Applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:670711. [PMID: 34150765 PMCID: PMC8213350 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.670711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal mRNA modification. m6A can be installed by the methyltransferase complex and removed by demethylases, which are involved in regulating post-transcriptional expression of target genes. RNA methylation is linked to various inflammatory states, including autoimmunity, infection, metabolic disease, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, heart diseases, and bone diseases. However, systematic knowledge of the relationship between m6A modification and inflammation in human diseases remains unclear. In this review, we will discuss the association between m6A modification and inflammatory response in diseases, especially the role, mechanisms, and potential clinical application of m6A as a biomarker and therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Luo
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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28
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The Roles of FOXO1 in Periodontal Homeostasis and Disease. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:5557095. [PMID: 33860060 PMCID: PMC8026307 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5557095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an oral chronic inflammatory disease that is initiated by periodontal microbial communities and requires disruption of the homeostatic responses. The prevalence of periodontal disease increases with age; more than 70% of adults 65 years and older have periodontal disease. A pathogenic microbial community is required for initiating periodontal disease. Dysbiotic immune-inflammatory response and bone remodeling are characteristics of periodontitis. The transcription factor forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) is a key regulator of a number of cellular processes, including cell survival and differentiation, immune status, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, and apoptosis. Although accumulating evidence indicates that FOXO1 activity can be induced by periodontal pathogens, the roles of FOXO1 in periodontal homeostasis and disease have not been well documented. The present review summarizes how the FOXO1 signaling axis can regulate periodontal bacteria-epithelial interactions, immune-inflammatory response, bone remodeling, and wound healing.
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29
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Hathaway-Schrader JD, Novince CM. Maintaining homeostatic control of periodontal bone tissue. Periodontol 2000 2021; 86:157-187. [PMID: 33690918 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar bone is a unique osseous tissue due to the proximity of dental plaque biofilms. Periodontal health and homeostasis are mediated by a balanced host immune response to these polymicrobial biofilms. Dysbiotic shifts within dental plaque biofilms can drive a proinflammatory immune response state in the periodontal epithelial and gingival connective tissues, which leads to paracrine signaling to subjacent bone cells. Sustained chronic periodontal inflammation disrupts "coupled" osteoclast-osteoblast actions, which ultimately result in alveolar bone destruction. This chapter will provide an overview of alveolar bone physiology and will highlight why the oral microbiota is a critical regulator of alveolar bone remodeling. The ecology of dental plaque biofilms will be discussed in the context that periodontitis is a polymicrobial disruption of host homeostasis. The pathogenesis of periodontal bone loss will be explained from both a historical and current perspective, providing the opportunity to revisit the role of fibrosis in alveolar bone destruction. Periodontal immune cell interactions with bone cells will be reviewed based on our current understanding of osteoimmunological mechanisms influencing alveolar bone remodeling. Lastly, probiotic and prebiotic interventions in the oral microbiota will be evaluated as potential noninvasive therapies to support alveolar bone homeostasis and prevent periodontal bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Hathaway-Schrader
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Chad M Novince
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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30
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Huang X, Xie M, Xie Y, Mei F, Lu X, Li X, Chen L. The roles of osteocytes in alveolar bone destruction in periodontitis. J Transl Med 2020; 18:479. [PMID: 33308247 PMCID: PMC7733264 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02664-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, a bacterium-induced inflammatory disease that is characterized by alveolar bone loss, is highly prevalent worldwide. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms of alveolar bone loss in periodontitis is crucial for understanding its pathogenesis. Classically, bone cells, such as osteoclasts, osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells, are thought to dominate the development of bone destruction in periodontitis. Recently, osteocytes, the cells embedded in the mineral matrix, have gained attention. This review demonstrates the key contributing role of osteocytes in periodontitis, especially in alveolar bone loss. Osteocytes not only initiate physiological bone remodeling but also assist in inflammation-related changes in bone remodeling. The latest evidence suggests that osteocytes are involved in regulating bone anabolism and catabolism in the progression of periodontitis. The altered secretion of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), sclerostin and Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) by osteocytes affects the balance of bone resorption and formation and promotes bone loss. In addition, the accumulation of prematurely senescent and apoptotic osteocytes observed in alveolar bone may exacerbate local destruction. Based on their communication with the bloodstream, it is noteworthy that osteocytes may participate in the interaction between local periodontitis lesions and systemic diseases. Overall, further investigations of osteocytes may provide vital insights that improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Mengru Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yanling Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Feng Mei
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Li
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China. .,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China. .,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Regulatory T cell phenotype and anti-osteoclastogenic function in experimental periodontitis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19018. [PMID: 33149125 PMCID: PMC7642388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76038-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The alveolar bone resorption is a distinctive feature of periodontitis progression and determinant for tooth loss. Regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) display immuno-suppressive mechanisms and tissue repairing functions, which are critical to support periodontal health. Tregs may become unstable and dysfunctional under inflammatory conditions, which can even accelerate tissue destruction. In this study, experimental periodontitis was associated with the progressive and increased presence of Th17 and Treg-related mediators in the gingiva (IL-6, IL-17A, IL-17F, RANKL, IL-10, TGF-β and GITR; P < 0.05), and the proliferation of both Treg and Th17 cells in cervical lymph nodes. Tregs from cervical lymph nodes had reduced Foxp3 expression (> 25% MFI loss) and increased IL-17A expression (> 15%), compared with Tregs from spleen and healthy controls. Tregs gene expression analysis showed a differential signature between health and disease, with increased expression of Th17-associated factors in periodontitis-derived Tregs. The ex vivo suppression capacity of Tregs on osteoclastic differentiation was significantly lower in Tregs obtained from periodontally diseased animals compared to controls (P < 0.05), as identified by the increased number of TRAP+ osteoclasts (P < 0.01) in the Tregs/pre-osteoclast co-cultures. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Tregs become phenotypically unstable and lose anti-osteoclastogenic properties during experimental periodontitis; thus, further promoting the Th17-driven bone loss.
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32
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Francis M, Gopinathan G, Foyle D, Fallah P, Gonzalez M, Luan X, Diekwisch T. Histone Methylation: Achilles Heel and Powerful Mediator of Periodontal Homeostasis. J Dent Res 2020; 99:1332-1340. [PMID: 32762486 PMCID: PMC7580172 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520932491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The packaging of DNA around nucleosomes exerts dynamic control over eukaryotic gene expression either by granting access to the transcriptional machinery in an open chromatin state or by silencing transcription via chromatin compaction. Histone methylation modification affects chromatin through the addition of methyl groups to lysine or arginine residues of histones H3 and H4 by means of histone methyl transferases or histone demethylases. Changes in histone methylation state modulate periodontal gene expression and have profound effects on periodontal development, health, and therapy. At the onset of periodontal development, progenitor cell populations such as dental follicle cells are characterized by an open H3K4me3 chromatin mark on RUNX2, MSX2, and DLX5 gene promoters. During further development, periodontal progenitor differentiation undergoes a global switch from the H3K4me3 active methyl mark to the H3K27me3 repressive mark. When compared with dental pulp cells, periodontal neural crest lineage differentiation is characterized by repressive H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 marks on typical dentinogenesis-related genes. Inflammatory conditions as they occur during periodontal disease result in unique histone methylation signatures in affected cell populations, including repressive H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 histone marks on extracellular matrix gene promoters and active H3K4me3 marks on interleukin, defensin, and chemokine gene promoters, facilitating a rapid inflammatory response to microbial pathogens. The inflammation-induced repression of chromatin on extracellular matrix gene promoters presents a therapeutic opportunity for the application of histone methylation inhibitors capable of inhibiting suppressive trimethylation marks. Furthermore, inhibition of chromatin coregulators through interference with key inflammatory mediators such as NF-kB by means of methyltransferase inhibitors provides another avenue to halt the exacerbation of the inflammatory response in periodontal tissues. In conclusion, histone methylation dynamics play an intricate role in the fine-tuning of chromatin states during periodontal development and harbor yet-to-be-realized potential for the treatment of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Francis
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - G. Gopinathan
- Department of Periodontics and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - D. Foyle
- Department of Periodontics and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - P. Fallah
- Department of Periodontics and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - M. Gonzalez
- Department of Periodontics and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - X. Luan
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Periodontics and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - T.G.H. Diekwisch
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Periodontics and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
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Wang J, Wang B, Lv X, Wang L. NIK inhibitor impairs chronic periodontitis via suppressing non-canonical NF-κB and osteoclastogenesis. Pathog Dis 2020; 78:ftaa045. [PMID: 32860691 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that causes damages to periodontium and alveolar bone. Overactivation and formation of osteoclasts can cause bone destruction, which contributes to periodontitis development. Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated NF-κB signaling plays an essential role in osteoclasts differentiation. We aimed to study the effects of NIK-SMI1, an NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) inhibitor, on the osteoclastogenesis in vitro and periodontitis progression in vivo. A ligature-induced mice model of periodontitis was incorporated to test the potential therapeutic effect of NIK-SMI1 on periodontitis. The target protein and mRNA expression levels were determined by Western blot assay and real-time PCR assay, respectively. We found that the administration of NIK-SMI1 strongly inhibited the RANKL-stimulated non-canonical NF-κB signaling as demonstrated by decreased nuclear p52 expression and activity. Blocking NIK activity also resulted in reduced osteoclasts specific genes expression and enhanced IFN-β expression. NIK-SMI1 treatment resulted in attenuated periodontitis progression and pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in vivo. Our study suggested that NIK-SMI1 exerts beneficial effects on the mitigation of osteoclastogenesis in vitro and periodontitis progression in vivo. Application of NIK-SMI1 may serve as a potential therapeutic approach for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, The Hospital of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi 710000, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Digital Center, The Hospital of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi 710000, China
| | - Xin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, The Hospital of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi 710000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, The Hospital of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi 710000, China
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Schwarze UY, Strauss FJ, Gruber R. Caspase inhibitor attenuates the shape changes in the alveolar ridge following tooth extraction: A pilot study in rats. J Periodontal Res 2020; 56:101-107. [PMID: 32935871 PMCID: PMC7891322 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine whether the inhibition of apoptosis via pan-caspase inhibitors can attenuate the changes in the alveolar ridge upon tooth extraction. BACKGROUND Cells undergoing apoptosis might play a central role in the onset of alveolar bone resorption and the ensuing bone atrophy following tooth extraction. Caspases are proteases that regulate apoptotic cell death. It is, therefore, reasonable to hypothesize that blocking apoptosis with pan-caspase inhibitors attenuates the changes in the alveolar ridge following tooth extraction. METHODS In 16 inbred rats, the mandibular first (M1) and second (M2) molars of one side were extracted. Following random allocation, the rats received either a cell-permeable pan-caspase inhibitor or diluent. After a healing period of 10 days, changes in shape and height of the alveolar ridge were examined using geometric morphometrics and linear measurements based on micro-computed tomography. RESULTS Geometric morphometric analysis revealed that the pan-caspase inhibitor prevented major shape changes of the alveolar ridge following M1 tooth extraction (P < .05). Furthermore, linear measurements confirmed that the pan-caspase inhibitor significantly prevented the atrophy of the alveolar ridge height following M1 tooth extraction compared to the diluent controls (-0.53 mm vs -0.24 mm; P = .012). M2 tooth extraction caused no shape changes of the alveolar ridge, and thus, the pan-caspase inhibitor group did not differ from the control group (-0.14 mm vs -0.05 mm; P = .931). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the inhibition of apoptosis may attenuate shape changes of the alveolar ridge following M1 tooth extraction in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Yacine Schwarze
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Department of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz-Josef Strauss
- Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Shen Z, Kuang S, Zhang Y, Yang M, Qin W, Shi X, Lin Z. Chitosan hydrogel incorporated with dental pulp stem cell-derived exosomes alleviates periodontitis in mice via a macrophage-dependent mechanism. Bioact Mater 2020; 5:1113-1126. [PMID: 32743122 PMCID: PMC7371600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is caused by host immune-inflammatory response to bacterial insult. A high proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages to anti-inflammatory macrophages leads to the pathogenesis of periodontitis. As stem cell-derived exosomes can modulate macrophage phenotype, dental pulp stem cell-derived exosomes (DPSC-Exo) can effectively treat periodontitis. In this study, we demonstrated that DPSC-Exo-incorporated chitosan hydrogel (DPSC-Exo/CS) can accelerate the healing of alveolar bone and the periodontal epithelium in mice with periodontitis. Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis showed that treatment with DPSC-Exo/CS ameliorated periodontal lesion by suppressing periodontal inflammation and modulating the immune response. Specifically, DPSC-Exo/CS facilitated macrophages to convert from a pro-inflammatory phenotype to an anti-inflammatory phenotype in the periodontium of mice with periodontitis, the mechanism of which could be associated with miR-1246 in DPSC-Exo. These results not only shed light on the therapeutic mechanism of DPSC-Exo/CS but also provide the basis for developing an effective therapeutic approach for periodontitis. DPSC-Exo/CS accelerates the healing of periodontal tissues in mice with periodontitis. DPSC-Exo/CS ameliorates periodontitis by modulating the immune response. The immunomodulatory effects of DPSC-Exo/CS are associated with miR-1246 in DPSC-Exo. DPSC-Exo/CS is a promising therapy for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongshan Shen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuhong Kuang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingmei Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuetao Shi
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengmei Lin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Shen Z, Kuang S, Zhang M, Huang X, Chen J, Guan M, Qin W, Xu HHK, Lin Z. Inhibition of CCL2 by bindarit alleviates diabetes-associated periodontitis by suppressing inflammatory monocyte infiltration and altering macrophage properties. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:2224-2235. [PMID: 32678310 PMCID: PMC8429574 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0500-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes-associated periodontitis (DP) aggravates diabetic complications and increases mortality from diabetes. DP is caused by diabetes-enhanced host immune-inflammatory responses to bacterial insult. In this study, we found that persistently elevated CCL2 levels in combination with proinflammatory monocyte infiltration of periodontal tissues were closely related to DP. Moreover, inhibition of CCL2 by oral administration of bindarit reduced alveolar bone loss and increased periodontal epithelial thickness by suppressing periodontal inflammation. Furthermore, bindarit suppressed the infiltration of proinflammatory monocytes and altered the inflammatory properties of macrophages in the diabetic periodontium. This finding provides a basis for the development of an effective therapeutic approach for treating DP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongshan Shen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuhong Kuang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,The Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayao Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meiliang Guan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Zhengmei Lin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Kim AR, Kim JH, Choi YH, Jeon YE, Cha JH, Bak EJ, Yoo YJ. The presence of neutrophils causes RANKL expression in periodontal tissue, giving rise to osteoclast formation. J Periodontal Res 2020; 55:868-876. [PMID: 32583887 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND OBJECTIVE Increased neutrophil infiltration and osteoclast formation are key characteristics of periodontitis. The effect of these neutrophils on osteoclast formation in periodontitis remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of neutrophils on osteoclast formation in a neutrophil-deficient mouse model of periodontitis. METHODS Anti-Ly6G antibody (Ab) was used for neutrophil depletion in two mouse models: periodontitis and air pouch. In the periodontitis experiments, mice were divided into PBS-administered control (C), control Ab-administered periodontitis (P), and anti-Ly6G Ab-administered periodontitis (P + Ly6G) groups. Periodontitis was induced by ligature of mandibular first molars. In the air pouch experiments, mice were divided into PBS-administered (C), LPS and control Ab-administered (LPS), and LPS and anti-Ly6G Ab-administered (LPS + Ly6G) groups. Neutrophil migration into air pouches was induced by LPS injection. Flow cytometry was used to examine CD11b+ Ly6G+ neutrophils in the blood of periodontitis mice and CD11b+ Ly6G+ RANKL+ neutrophils in exudates of air pouch mice. In periodontal tissue, Ly6G+ neutrophil and RANKL+ cell numbers in periodontal ligament and alveolar bone areas were estimated using immunohistochemistry, osteoclast numbers were measured using TRAP assay, and alveolar bone loss was determined by H&E staining. RESULTS In blood, CD11b+ Ly6G+ neutrophils were found in greater percentage in the P group than in the C group on days 3 and 7. However, the percentage of neutrophils was lower in the P + Ly6G group than in the C and P groups. In periodontal tissue, the numbers of Ly6G+ neutrophils and RANKL+ cells were lower in the P + Ly6G group than in the P group on day 3. Ly6G+ neutrophil numbers decreased more in the P + Ly6G group than in the P group on day 7, but RANKL+ cell numbers did not decrease in the P + Ly6G group. In exudates, the number of CD11b+ Ly6G+ RANKL+ neutrophils was greater in the LPS group than in the C and LPS + Ly6G groups. On days 3 and 7, the numbers of osteoclasts and alveolar bone loss were greater in periodontal tissue in the P and P + Ly6G groups than in the C group. Interestingly, there were fewer osteoclasts in the P + Ly6G group than in the P group on day 3. CONCLUSION Neutrophil deficiency caused a reduction in numbers of both RANKL+ cells and osteoclasts in periodontitis-induced tissues only on day 3. Furthermore, in the LPS-injected air pouch model, neutrophil deficiency reduced the influx of RANKL+ neutrophils. These findings suggest that the presence of neutrophils induces RANKL expression and could induce osteoclast formation in the early stages of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae Ri Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Baekseok University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Yun Hui Choi
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeong-Eui Jeon
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Heon Cha
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Bak
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Yoo
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
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Choi JY, Lee YS, Shim DM, Seo SW. Effect of GNAQ alteration on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in human non-small-cell lung cancer. Bone Joint Res 2020; 9:29-35. [PMID: 32435453 PMCID: PMC7229297 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.91.bjr-2019-0085.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) is a key molecule that is expressed in bone stromal cells and is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in many cancers. However, cancer cells that directly express RANKL have yet to be unveiled. The current study sought to evaluate how a single subunit of G protein, guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha (GNAQ), transforms cancer cells into RANKL-expressing cancer cells. Methods We investigated the specific role of GNAQ using GNAQ wild-type cell lines (non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines; A549 cell lines), GNAQ knockdown cell lines, and patient-derived cancer cells. We evaluated GNAQ, RANKL, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB), inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB), and protein kinase B (Akt) signalling in the GNAQ wild-type and the GNAQ-knockdown cells. Osteoclastogenesis was also evaluated in both cell lines. Results In the GNAQ-knockdown cells, RANKL expression was significantly upregulated (p < 0.001). The expression levels of M-CSF were also significantly increased in the GNAQ-knockdown cells compared with control cells (p < 0.001). GNAQ knockdown cells were highly sensitive to tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and showed significant activation of the NF-κB pathway. The expression levels of RANKL were markedly increased in GNAQ mutant compared with GNAQ wild-type in patient-derived tumour tissues. Conclusion The present study reveals that the alterations of GNAQ activate NF-κB pathway in cancers, which increase RANKL and M-CSF expression and induce osteoclastogenesis in cancers. Cite this article:Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(1):29–35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yoon Choi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Sun Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Da Mi Shim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Wook Seo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
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Gama A, Vargas-Franco JW, Sánchez Mesa DC, Restrepo Bedoya E, Amiaud J, Babajko S, Berdal A, Acevedo AC, Heymann D, Lézot F, Castaneda B. Origins of Alterations to Rankl Null Mutant Mouse Dental Root Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062201. [PMID: 32209985 PMCID: PMC7139335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to assess the early stages of development of mouse first molar roots in the osteopetrotic context of RANKL invalidation in order to demonstrate that the radicular phenotype observed resulted not only from defective osteoclasts, but also from loss of cell-to-cell communication among dental, periodontium and alveolar bone cells involving RANKL signaling. Two experimental models were used in this study: Rankl mutants with permanent RANKL invalidation, and C57BL/6J mice injected during the first postnatal week with a RANKL neutralizing antibody corresponding to a transient RANKL invalidation. The dento-alveolar complex was systematically analyzed using micro-CT, and histological and immunohistochemical approaches. These experiments showed that the root elongation alterations observed in the Rankl-/- mice were associated with reduced proliferation of the RANK-expressing HERS cells with a significant decrease in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and a significant increase in P21 expression. The phenotypic comparison of the adult first molar root at 35 days between permanent and transitory invalidations of RANKL made it possible to demonstrate that alterations in dental root development have at least two origins, one intrinsic and linked to proliferation/differentiation perturbations in dental-root-forming cells, the other extrinsic and corresponding to disturbances of bone cell differentiation/function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gama
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMR-1138, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.G.); (D.C.S.M.); (E.R.B.); (S.B.); (A.B.)
- Odontologic Center of District Federal Military Police, Brasília 70297-400, Brazil
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - Jorge William Vargas-Franco
- INSERM, UMR-1238, Equipe 1, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, F-44035 Nantes, France; (J.W.V.-F.); (J.A.); (F.L.)
- Department of Basic Studies, Faculty of Odontology, University of Antioquia, Medellin A.A1226, Colombia
| | - Diana Carolina Sánchez Mesa
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMR-1138, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.G.); (D.C.S.M.); (E.R.B.); (S.B.); (A.B.)
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, University of Antioquia, Medellin A.A1226, Colombia
| | - Elizabeth Restrepo Bedoya
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMR-1138, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.G.); (D.C.S.M.); (E.R.B.); (S.B.); (A.B.)
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, University of Antioquia, Medellin A.A1226, Colombia
| | - Jérome Amiaud
- INSERM, UMR-1238, Equipe 1, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, F-44035 Nantes, France; (J.W.V.-F.); (J.A.); (F.L.)
| | - Sylvie Babajko
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMR-1138, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.G.); (D.C.S.M.); (E.R.B.); (S.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Ariane Berdal
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMR-1138, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.G.); (D.C.S.M.); (E.R.B.); (S.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Ana Carolina Acevedo
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil;
- Oral Center for Inherited Diseases, Hospital of University of Brasilia, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Dominique Heymann
- INSERM, LEA Sarcoma Research Unit, University of Sheffield, Department of Oncology and Human Metabolism, Medical School, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK;
- INSERM, UMR-1232, LabCT, CRCNA, Université de Nantes, Université d’Angers, Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest, site René Gauducheau, F-44805 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Frédéric Lézot
- INSERM, UMR-1238, Equipe 1, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, F-44035 Nantes, France; (J.W.V.-F.); (J.A.); (F.L.)
| | - Beatriz Castaneda
- Service d’Odontologie-Stomatologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, F-75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-142-178-416
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diabetes has a detrimental effect on bone, increasing the risk of fracture and formation of osteolytic lesions such as those seen in periodontitis. Several diabetic complications are caused by diabetes-enhanced inflammation. This review examines mechanisms by which IL-17 contributes to diabetes-enhanced periodontitis and other effects of IL-17 on bone. RECENT FINDINGS IL-17 upregulates anti-bacterial defenses, yet its expression is also linked to a destructive host response in the periodontium. Periodontal disease is caused by bacteria that stimulate an inflammatory response. Diabetes-enhanced IL-17 increases gingival inflammation, which alters the composition of the oral microbiota to increase its pathogenicity. In addition, IL-17 can induce osteoclastogenesis by upregulation of TNF and RANKL in a number of cell types, and IL-17 has differential effects on osteoblasts and their progenitors. Increased IL-17 production caused by diabetes alters the pathogenicity of the oral microbiota and can promote periodontal bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S 40th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Xiyan Pei
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S 40th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 37 Xishiku Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Dana T Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S 40th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Yu S, Li P, Li B, Miao D, Deng Q. RelA promotes proliferation but inhibits osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:1368-1378. [PMID: 31981416 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB is known to be implicated in skeletal development and related diseases. Previous studies have shown that RelA, a key subunit of NF-κB, is involved in osteoblast and chondrocyte survival and differentiation. Yet, the physiological roles of RelA in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which give rise to both chondrocytes and osteoblasts, are still poorly understood. Here, we generated Prrx1-Cre;RelAf/f mice to delete RelA in Prrx1+ bone marrow MSCs and found that RelA deletion led to decreased MSC proliferation and altered differentiation, with increased osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation but decreased adipogenic differentiation. Bone size and mass were not significantly changed in the mutant mice, although they developed moderate osteoarthritis-like phenotypes. Thus, our studies reveal important but discordant functions of RelA in MSC proliferation and differentiation, and provide an explanation why MSC-specific RelA knockout mice only develop minor skeletal phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiang Yu
- The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Ping Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Baojie Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Dengshun Miao
- The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Qi Deng
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
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Pathak JL, Bravenboer N, Klein-Nulend J. The Osteocyte as the New Discovery of Therapeutic Options in Rare Bone Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:405. [PMID: 32733380 PMCID: PMC7360678 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteocytes are the most abundant (~95%) cells in bone with the longest half-life (~25 years) in humans. In the past osteocytes have been regarded as vestigial cells in bone, since they are buried inside the tough bone matrix. However, during the last 30 years it has become clear that osteocytes are as important as bone forming osteoblasts and bone resorbing osteoclasts in maintaining bone homeostasis. The osteocyte cell body and dendritic processes reside in bone in a complex lacuno-canalicular system, which allows the direct networking of osteocytes to their neighboring osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, bone marrow, blood vessels, and nerves. Mechanosensing of osteocytes translates the applied mechanical force on bone to cellular signaling and regulation of bone adaptation. The osteocyte lacuno-canalicular system is highly efficient in transferring external mechanical force on bone to the osteocyte cell body and dendritic processes via displacement of fluid in the lacuno-canalicular space. Osteocyte mechanotransduction regulates the formation and function of the osteoblasts and osteoclasts to maintain bone homeostasis. Osteocytes produce a variety of proteins and signaling molecules such as sclerostin, cathepsin K, Wnts, DKK1, DMP1, IGF1, and RANKL/OPG to regulate osteoblast and osteoclast activity. Various genetic abnormality-associated rare bone diseases are related to disrupted osteocyte functions, including sclerosteosis, van Buchem disease, hypophosphatemic rickets, and WNT1 and plastin3 mutation-related disorders. Meticulous studies during the last 15 years on disrupted osteocyte function in rare bone diseases guided for the development of various novel therapeutic agents to treat bone diseases. Studies on genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of sclerosteosis and van Buchem disease revealed a role for sclerostin in bone homeostasis, which led to the development of the sclerostin antibody to treat osteoporosis and other bone degenerative diseases. The mechanism of many other rare bone diseases and the role of the osteocyte in the development of such conditions still needs to be investigated. In this review, we mainly discuss the knowledge obtained during the last 30 years on the role of the osteocyte in rare bone diseases. We speculate about future research directions to develop novel therapeutic drugs targeting osteocyte functions to treat both common and rare bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janak L. Pathak
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jenneke Klein-Nulend
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Jenneke Klein-Nulend
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Zhang Y, Gu X, Li D, Cai L, Xu Q. METTL3 Regulates Osteoblast Differentiation and Inflammatory Response via Smad Signaling and MAPK Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010199. [PMID: 31892163 PMCID: PMC6981640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoblasts are crucial bone-building cells that maintain bone homeostasis, whereas inflammatory stimuli can inhibit osteogenesis and activate inflammatory response. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant mRNA modification in eukaryotes and plays important roles in multiple biological processes. However, whether m6A modification affects osteoblast differentiation and inflammatory response remains unknown. To address this issue, we investigated the expression of the N6-adenosine methyltransferase METTL3 and found that it was upregulated during osteoblast differentiation and downregulated after LPS stimulation. We then knocked down METTL3 and observed decreased levels of osteogenic markers, ALP activity, and mineralized nodules, as well as Smad1/5/9 phosphorylation, in LPS-induced inflammation. METTL3 knockdown promoted the mRNA expression and stability of negative regulators of Smad signaling, Smad7 and Smurf1, the same regulatory pattern identified when the m6A-binding protein YTHDF2 was silenced. Moreover, METTL3 depletion enhanced proinflammatory cytokine expression and increased the phosphorylation of ERK, p38, JNK, and p65 in MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. The increase in cytokine expression was inhibited after MAPK signaling inhibitor treatment. All data suggest that METTL3 knockdown inhibits osteoblast differentiation and Smad-dependent signaling by stabilizing Smad7 and Smurf1 mRNA transcripts via YTHDF2 involvement and activates the inflammatory response by regulating MAPK signaling in LPS-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Qiong Xu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-8387-0507; Fax: +86-20-8382-2807
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44
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Gruber R. Osteoimmunology: Inflammatory osteolysis and regeneration of the alveolar bone. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46 Suppl 21:52-69. [PMID: 30623453 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Osteoimmunology covers the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for inflammatory osteolysis that culminates in the degradation of alveolar bone. Osteoimmunology also focuses on the interplay of immune cells with bone cells during bone remodelling and regeneration. The aim of this review was to provide insights into how osteoimmunology affects alveolar bone health and disease. METHOD This review is based on a narrative approach to assemble mouse models that provide insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms causing inflammatory osteolysis and on the impact of immune cells on alveolar bone regeneration. RESULTS Mouse models have revealed the molecular pathways by which microbial and other factors activate immune cells that initiate an inflammatory response. The inflammation-induced alveolar bone loss occurs with the concomitant suppression of bone formation. Mouse models also showed that immune cells contribute to the resolution of inflammation and bone regeneration, even though studies with a focus on alveolar socket healing are rare. CONCLUSIONS Considering that osteoimmunology is evolutionarily conserved, osteolysis removes the cause of inflammation by provoking tooth loss. The impact of immune cells on bone regeneration is presumably a way to reinitiate the developmental mechanisms of intramembranous and endochondral bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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45
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Graves DT, Milovanova TN. Mucosal Immunity and the FOXO1 Transcription Factors. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2530. [PMID: 31849924 PMCID: PMC6896163 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXO1 transcription factors affect a number of cell types that are important in the host response. Cell types whose functions are modulated by FOXO1 include keratinocytes in the skin and mucosal dermis, neutrophils and macrophages, dendritic cells, Tregs and B-cells. FOXO1 is activated by bacterial or cytokine stimulation. Its translocation to the nucleus and binding to promoter regions of genes that have FOXO response elements is stimulated by the MAP kinase pathway and inhibited by the PI3 kinase/AKT pathway. Downstream gene targets of FOXO1 include pro-inflammatory signaling molecules (TLR2, TLR4, IL-1β, and TNF-α), wound healing factors (TGF-β, VEGF, and CTGF) adhesion molecules (integrins-β1, -β3, -β6, αvβ3, CD11b, CD18, and ICAM-1), chemokine receptors (CCR7 and CXCR2), B cell regulators (APRIL and BLYS), T-regulatory modulators (Foxp3 and CTLA-4), antioxidants (GPX-2 and cytoglobin), and DNA repair enzymes (GADD45α). Each of the above cell types are found in oral mucosa and modulated by bacteria or an inflammatory microenvironment. FOXO1 contributes to the regulation of these cells, which collectively maintain and repair the epithelial barrier, formation and activation of Tregs that are needed to resolve inflammation, mobilization, infiltration, and activation of anti-bacterial defenses in neutrophils, and the homing of dendritic cells to lymph nodes to induce T-cell and B-cell responses. The goal of the manuscript is to review how the transcription factor, FOXO1, contributes to the activation and regulation of key leukocytes needed to maintain homeostasis and respond to bacterial challenge in oral mucosal tissues. Examples are given with an emphasis on lineage specific deletion of Foxo1 to explore the impact of FOXO1 on cell behavior, inflammation and susceptibility to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana T Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tatyana N Milovanova
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Ko KI, Syverson AL, Kralik RM, Choi J, DerGarabedian BP, Chen C, Graves DT. Diabetes-Induced NF-κB Dysregulation in Skeletal Stem Cells Prevents Resolution of Inflammation. Diabetes 2019; 68:2095-2106. [PMID: 31439641 PMCID: PMC6804629 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) imposes a significant health burden by negatively affecting tissue regeneration during wound healing. The adverse effect of diabetes is attributed to high levels of inflammation, but the cellular mechanisms responsible remain elusive. In this study, we show that intrinsic skeletal stem cells (SSCs), a subset of mesenchymal stem cells, are essential for resolution of inflammation to occur during osseous healing by using genetic approaches to selectively ablate SSCs. T1D caused aberrant nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation in SSCs and substantially enhanced inflammation in vivo. Constitutive or tamoxifen-induced inhibition of NF-κB in SSCs rescued the impact of diabetes on inflammation, SSC expansion, and tissue formation. In contrast, NF-κB inhibition in chondrocytes failed to reverse the effect of T1D. Mechanistically, diabetes caused defective proresolving macrophage (M2) polarization by reducing TGF-β1 expression by SSCs, which was recovered by NF-κB inhibition or exogenous TGF-β1 treatment. These data identify an underlying mechanism for altered healing in T1D and demonstrate that diabetes induces NF-κB hyperactivation in SSCs to disrupt their ability to modulate M2 polarization and resolve inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang I Ko
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Abby L Syverson
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Richard M Kralik
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jerry Choi
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Brett P DerGarabedian
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Chider Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dana T Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Alvarez C, Monasterio G, Cavalla F, Córdova LA, Hernández M, Heymann D, Garlet GP, Sorsa T, Pärnänen P, Lee HM, Golub LM, Vernal R, Kantarci A. Osteoimmunology of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases: Translational Applications Based on Biological Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1664. [PMID: 31379856 PMCID: PMC6657671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The maxillofacial skeleton is highly dynamic and requires a constant equilibrium between the bone resorption and bone formation. The field of osteoimmunology explores the interactions between bone metabolism and the immune response, providing a context to study the complex cellular and molecular networks involved in oro-maxillofacial osteolytic diseases. In this review, we present a framework for understanding the potential mechanisms underlying the immuno-pathobiology in etiologically-diverse diseases that affect the oral and maxillofacial region and share bone destruction as their common clinical outcome. These otherwise different pathologies share similar inflammatory pathways mediated by central cellular players, such as macrophages, T and B cells, that promote the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts, ineffective or insufficient bone apposition by osteoblasts, and the continuous production of osteoclastogenic signals by immune and local stromal cells. We also present the potential translational applications of this knowledge based on the biological mechanisms involved in the inflammation-induced bone destruction. Such applications can be the development of immune-based therapies that promote bone healing/regeneration, the identification of host-derived inflammatory/collagenolytic biomarkers as diagnostics tools, the assessment of links between oral and systemic diseases; and the characterization of genetic polymorphisms in immune or bone-related genes that will help diagnosis of susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Alvarez
- Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gustavo Monasterio
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Franco Cavalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A. Córdova
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, San Jose's Hospital and Clínica Las Condes, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Hernández
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dominique Heymann
- INSERM, UMR 1232, LabCT, CRCINA, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Gustavo P. Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oral Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pirjo Pärnänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hsi-Ming Lee
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Lorne M. Golub
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW An elevated level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in inflammatory conditions causes bone loss and disrupts vital organ function. Osteocytes comprise > 95% of the cellular component in bone tissue, produce a range of cytokines and signaling molecules, and influence bone and other organ function. In this review, we hypothesized that an elevated level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in inflammatory conditions affects osteocyte survival and function thereby possibly amplifying inflammation, and causing bone loss and non-bone clinical complications. RECENT FINDINGS Several studies have reported that the elevated level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in inflammatory conditions alters osteocyte mechanosensitivity, causes osteocyte apoptosis, and modulates osteocyte-derived production of various inflammatory cytokines and signaling molecules. Cytokines and signaling molecules released from osteocytes affect surrounding bone cells and distant organ function in a paracrine and endocrine fashion. Inflammatory diseases including diabetes, chronic kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontitis affect osteocyte survival and function, and upregulate osteocyte-derived expression of sclerostin, RANKL, TNFα, FGF23, DKK1, and other signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangsha Avenue 39, Guangzhou, 510140, China
| | - Shuyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangsha Avenue 39, Guangzhou, 510140, China
| | - Janak L Pathak
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huangsha Avenue 39, Guangzhou, 510140, China.
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Sakamoto M, Fukunaga T, Sasaki K, Seiryu M, Yoshizawa M, Takeshita N, Takano-Yamamoto T. Vibration enhances osteoclastogenesis by inducing RANKL expression via NF-κB signaling in osteocytes. Bone 2019; 123:56-66. [PMID: 30902792 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To shorten the duration of orthodontic treatment it is important not only to reduce risks such as dental caries, periodontal disease, and root resorption, but also to decrease pain and discomfort caused by a fixed appliance. Several studies have investigated the effect of vibration applied to fixed appliances to accelerate tooth movement. Although it was reported that vibration accelerates orthodontic tooth movement by enhancing alveolar bone resorption, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of vibration on osteoclastogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Vibration applied to pre-osteoclast cell line RAW264.7 cells enhanced cell proliferation but did not affect their differentiation into osteoclasts. Osteocytes in bone are known to be mechanosensitive and to act as receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL). Therefore, in the present study, vibration was applied to cells from the osteocyte-like cell line MLO-Y4. In MLO-Y4 cells, vibration induced phosphorylation of the inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) and caused nuclear localization of NF-κB p65. Additionally, vibration increased RANKL mRNA expression, but did not affect osteoprotegerin (OPG) mRNA expression in MLO-Y4 cells, thus resulting in an increased RANKL/OPG ratio. Consistent with these findings, vibration applied during experimental tooth movement increased NF-κB activation and RANKL expression in osteocytes on the compression side of alveolar bone in vivo, whereas vibration had no such effects on the tension side. Furthermore, in a co-culture of MLO-Y4 cells and RAW264.7 cells, vibration applied to MLO-Y4 cells enhanced osteoclastogenesis. These findings suggest that vibration could accelerate orthodontic tooth movement by enhancing osteoclastogenesis through increasing the number of pre-osteoclasts and up-regulating RANKL expression in osteocytes on the compression side of alveolar bone via NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Sakamoto
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Fukunaga
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Kiyo Sasaki
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Seiryu
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiro Yoshizawa
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Nobuo Takeshita
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Teruko Takano-Yamamoto
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan; Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan.
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50
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Park OJ, Kim J, Kim HY, Kwon Y, Yun CH, Han SH. Streptococcus gordonii induces bone resorption by increasing osteoclast differentiation and reducing osteoblast differentiation. Microb Pathog 2018; 126:218-223. [PMID: 30414445 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus gordonii is commonly found in the periapical endodontic lesions of patients with apical periodontitis, a condition characterized by inflammation and periapical bone loss. Since bone metabolism is controlled by osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation, we investigated the effects of S. gordonii on the differentiation and function of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. For the determination of bone resorption activity in vivo, collagen sheets soaked with heat-killed S. gordonii were implanted on mouse calvaria, and the calvarial bones were scanned by micro-computed tomography. Mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were stimulated with M-CSF and RANKL for 2 days and then differentiated into osteoclasts in the presence or absence of heat-killed S. gordonii. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining was performed to determine osteoclast differentiation. Primary osteoblast precursors were differentiated into osteoblasts with ascorbic acid and β-glycerophosphate in the presence or absence of heat-killed S. gordonii. Alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red S staining were conducted to determine osteoblast differentiation. Western blotting was performed to examine the expression of transcription factors including c-Fos, NFATc1, and Runx2. Heat-killed S. gordonii induced bone destruction in a mouse calvarial implantation model. The differentiation of RANKL-primed BMMs into osteoclasts was enhanced in the presence of heat-killed S. gordonii. Heat-killed S. gordonii increased the expression of c-Fos and NFATc1, which are essential transcription factors for osteoclast differentiation. On the other hand, heat-killed S. gordonii inhibited osteoblast differentiation and reduced the expression of Runx2, an essential transcription factor for osteoblast differentiation. S. gordonii exerts bone resorptive activity by increasing osteoclast differentiation and reducing osteoblast differentiation, which may be involved in periapical bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Jin Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiseon Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongkag Kwon
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institute of Green Bio Science Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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