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Marquez-Martinez S, Salisch N, Serroyen J, Zahn R, Khan S. Peak transgene expression after intramuscular immunization of mice with adenovirus 26-based vector vaccines correlates with transgene-specific adaptive immune responses. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299215. [PMID: 38626093 PMCID: PMC11020485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-replicating adenovirus-based vectors have been broadly used for the development of prophylactic vaccines in humans and are licensed for COVID-19 and Ebola virus disease prevention. Adenovirus-based vectored vaccines encode for one or more disease specific transgenes with the aim to induce protective immunity against the target disease. The magnitude and duration of transgene expression of adenovirus 5- based vectors (human type C) in the host are key factors influencing antigen presentation and adaptive immune responses. Here we characterize the magnitude, duration, and organ biodistribution of transgene expression after single intramuscular administration of adenovirus 26-based vector vaccines in mice and evaluate the differences with adenovirus 5-based vector vaccine to understand if this is universally applicable across serotypes. We demonstrate a correlation between peak transgene expression early after adenovirus 26-based vaccination and transgene-specific cellular and humoral immune responses for a model antigen and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, independent of innate immune activation. Notably, the memory immune response was similar in mice immunized with adenovirus 26-based vaccine and adenovirus 5-based vaccine, despite the latter inducing a higher peak of transgene expression early after immunization and a longer duration of transgene expression. Together these results provide further insights into the mode of action of adenovirus 26-based vector vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadine Salisch
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V, Leiden, CN, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Serroyen
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V, Leiden, CN, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Zahn
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V, Leiden, CN, The Netherlands
| | - Selina Khan
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V, Leiden, CN, The Netherlands
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2
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Artarini A, Hadianti T, Giri-Rachman EA, Tan MI, Safitri IA, Hidayat NA, Retnoningrum DS, Natalia D. Development of Adenovirus-Based Covid-19 Vaccine Candidate in Indonesia. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:222-232. [PMID: 37076664 PMCID: PMC10115376 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00749-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Covid-19 pandemic has struck worldwide by end of 2019 and the use of various vaccine platforms was one of the main strategies to end this. To meet the needs for vaccine technology equality among many countries, we developed adenovirus-based Covid-19 vaccine candidate in Indonesia. SARS-CoV-2 Spike gene (S) was constructed into pAdEasy vector. The recombinant serotype 5 Adenovirus (AdV_S) genome was transfected into AD293 cells to produce recombinant adenovirus. Characterization using PCR confirmed the presence of spike gene. Transgene expression analysis showed the expression of S protein in AdV_S infected AD293 and A549 cells. Optimization of viral production showed the highest titer was obtained at MOI of 0.1 and 1 at 4 days. The in vivo study was performed by injecting Balb/c mice with 3.5 × 107 ifu of purified adenovirus. The result showed that S1-specific IgG was increased up to 56 days after single-dose administration of AdV_S. Interestingly, significant increase of S1 glycoprotein-specific IFN-γ ELISpot was observed in AdV_S treated Balb/c mice. In conclusion, the AdV_S vaccine candidate was successfully produced at laboratory scale, immunogenic, and did not cause severe inflammation in Balb/c mice. This study serves as initial step towards manufacturing of adenovirus-based vaccine in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Artarini
- School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jln. Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia.
| | - Tia Hadianti
- School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jln. Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | | | - Marselina Irasonia Tan
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jln. Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Intan A Safitri
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jln. Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Nurhamidah A Hidayat
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jln. Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Debbie S Retnoningrum
- School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jln. Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Dessy Natalia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jln. Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
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3
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Wang Q, Yang C, Yin L, Sun J, Wang W, Li H, Zhang Z, Chen S, Liu B, Liu Z, Shi L, Liu X, Guan S, Wang C, Qu L, Feng Y, Niu X, Feng L, Zhao J, Li P, Chen L, Zhong N. Intranasal booster using an Omicron vaccine confers broad mucosal and systemic immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:167. [PMID: 37069171 PMCID: PMC10106878 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants severely attenuated the effectiveness of currently licensed SARS-CoV-2 vaccines based on ancestral strains administered via intramuscular injection. In this study, we generated a recombinant, replication-incompetent human adenovirus type 5, Ad5-S-Omicron, that expresses Omicron BA.1 spike. Intranasal, but not intramuscular vaccination, elicited spike-specific respiratory mucosal IgA and residential T cell immune responses, in addition to systemic neutralizing antibodies and T cell immune responses against most Omicron subvariants. We tested intranasal Ad5-S-Omicron as a heterologous booster in mice that previously received intramuscular injection of inactivated ancestral vaccine. In addition to inducing serum broadly neutralizing antibodies, there was a significant induction of respiratory mucosal IgA and neutralizing activities against Omicron subvariants BA.1, BA.2, BA.5, BA.2.75, BF.7 as well as pre-Omicron strains Wildtype, Beta, and Delta. Serum and mucosal neutralizing activities against recently emerged XBB, BQ.1, and BQ.1.1 could also be detected but were much lower. Nasal lavage fluids from intranasal vaccination contained multimeric IgA that can bind to at least 10 spike proteins, including Omicron subvariants and pre-Omicron strains, and possessed broadly neutralizing activities. Intranasal vaccination using Ad5-S-Omicron or instillation of intranasal vaccinee's nasal lavage fluids in mouse nostrils protected mice against Omicron challenge. Taken together, intranasal Ad5-S-Omicron booster on the basis of ancestral vaccines can establish effective mucosal and systemic immunity against Omicron subvariants and multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants. This candidate vaccine warrants further development as a safe, effective, and user-friendly infection and transmission-blocking vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenchen Yang
- Guangzhou nBiomed Ltd., Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory & Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yin
- Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Guangzhou Laboratory & Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hengchun Li
- Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyuan Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Si Chen
- Guangzhou Laboratory & Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Guangzhou nBiomed Ltd., Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory & Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijian Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linjing Shi
- Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Guangzhou nBiomed Ltd., Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory & Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suhua Guan
- Guangzhou nBiomed Ltd., Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory & Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Guangzhou nBiomed Ltd., Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory & Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linbing Qu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Guangzhou Laboratory & Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqiang Feng
- Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangzhou Laboratory & Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Pingchao Li
- Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangzhou Laboratory & Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory & Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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Freitag TL, Fagerlund R, Karam NL, Leppänen VM, Ugurlu H, Kant R, Mäkinen P, Tawfek A, Kumar S, Strandin T, Leskinen K, Hepojoki J, Kesti T, Kareinen L, Kuivanen S, Koivulehto E, Sormunen A, Laidinen S, Khattab A, Saavalainen P, Meri S, Kipar A, Sironen T, Vapalahti O, Alitalo K, Ylä-Herttuala S, Saksela K. Intranasal administration of adenoviral vaccines expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein improves vaccine immunity in mouse models. Vaccine 2023; 41:3233-3246. [PMID: 37085458 PMCID: PMC10114927 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is controlled but not halted by public health measures and mass vaccination strategies which have exclusively relied on intramuscular vaccines. Intranasal vaccines can prime or recruit to the respiratory epithelium mucosal immune cells capable of preventing infection. Here we report a comprehensive series of studies on this concept using various mouse models, including HLA class II-humanized transgenic strains. We found that a single intranasal (i.n.) dose of serotype-5 adenoviral vectors expressing either the receptor binding domain (Ad5-RBD) or the complete ectodomain (Ad5-S) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was effective in inducing i) serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) anti-spike IgA and IgG, ii) robust SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing activity in the serum and BAL, iii) rigorous spike-directed T helper 1 cell/cytotoxic T cell immunity, and iv) protection of mice from a challenge with the SARS-CoV-2 beta variant. Intramuscular (i.m.) Ad5-RBD or Ad5-S administration did not induce serum or BAL IgA, and resulted in lower neutralizing titers in the serum. Moreover, prior immunity induced by an intramuscular mRNA vaccine could be potently enhanced and modulated towards a mucosal IgA response by an i.n. Ad5-S booster. Notably, Ad5 DNA was found in the liver or spleen after i.m. but not i.n. administration, indicating a lack of systemic spread of the vaccine vector, which has been associated with a risk of thrombotic thrombocytopenia. Unlike in otherwise genetically identical HLA-DQ6 mice, in HLA-DQ8 mice Ad5-RBD vaccine was inferior to Ad5-S, suggesting that the RBD fragment does not contain a sufficient collection of helper-T cell epitopes to constitute an optimal vaccine antigen. Our data add to previous promising preclinical results on intranasal SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and support the potential of this approach to elicit mucosal immunity for preventing transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias L Freitag
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riku Fagerlund
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nihay Laham Karam
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Leppänen
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Translational Cancer Medicine Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hasan Ugurlu
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ravi Kant
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri Mäkinen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ahmed Tawfek
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sawan Kumar
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Translational Cancer Medicine Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomas Strandin
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katarzyna Leskinen
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Hepojoki
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapio Kesti
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Kareinen
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Kuivanen
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emma Koivulehto
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aino Sormunen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Svetlana Laidinen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ayman Khattab
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Saavalainen
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Meri
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anja Kipar
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tarja Sironen
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Translational Cancer Medicine Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kalle Saksela
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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Provine NM, Klenerman P. Adenovirus vector and mRNA vaccines: Mechanisms regulating their immunogenicity. Eur J Immunol 2022:10.1002/eji.202250022. [PMID: 36330560 PMCID: PMC9877955 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Replication-incompetent adenovirus (Ad) vector and mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) constructs represent two modular vaccine platforms that have attracted substantial interest over the past two decades. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the rapid development of multiple successful vaccines based on these technologies, there is now clear real-world evidence of the utility and efficacy of these platforms. Considerable optimization and refinement efforts underpin the successful application of these technologies. Despite this, our understanding of the specific pathways and processes engaged by these vaccines to stimulate the immune response remains incomplete. This review will synthesize our current knowledge of the specific mechanisms by which CD8+ T cell and antibody responses are induced by each of these vaccine platforms, and how this can be impacted by specific vaccine construction techniques. Key gaps in our knowledge are also highlighted, which can hopefully focus future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M. Provine
- Translational Gastroenterology UnitNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Translational Gastroenterology UnitNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK,Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen ResearchUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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6
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Madhavan M, Ritchie AJ, Aboagye J, Jenkin D, Provstgaad-Morys S, Tarbet I, Woods D, Davies S, Baker M, Platt A, Flaxman A, Smith H, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Wilkins D, Kelly EJ, Villafana T, Green JA, Poulton I, Lambe T, Hill AVS, Ewer KJ, Douglas AD. Tolerability and immunogenicity of an intranasally-administered adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine: An open-label partially-randomised ascending dose phase I trial. EBioMedicine 2022; 85:104298. [PMID: 36229342 PMCID: PMC9550199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intranasal vaccination may induce protective local and systemic immune responses against respiratory pathogens. A number of intranasal SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates have achieved protection in pre-clinical challenge models, including ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222, University of Oxford / AstraZeneca). METHODS We performed a single-centre open-label Phase I clinical trial of intranasal vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in healthy adults, using the existing formulation produced for intramuscular administration. Thirty SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-naïve participants were allocated to receive 5 × 109 viral particles (VP, n=6), 2 × 1010 VP (n=12), or 5 × 1010 VP (n=12). Fourteen received second intranasal doses 28 days later. A further 12 received non-study intramuscular mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination between study days 22 and 46. To investigate intranasal ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 as a booster, six participants who had previously received two intramuscular doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and six who had received two intramuscular doses of BNT162b2 (Pfizer / BioNTech) were given a single intranasal dose of 5 × 1010 VP of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. Objectives were to assess safety (primary) and mucosal antibody responses (secondary). FINDINGS Reactogenicity was mild or moderate. Antigen-specific mucosal antibody responses to intranasal vaccination were detectable in a minority of participants, rarely exceeding levels seen after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Systemic responses to intranasal vaccination were typically weaker than after intramuscular vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. Antigen-specific mucosal antibody was detectable in participants who received an intramuscular mRNA vaccine after intranasal vaccination. Seven participants developed symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. INTERPRETATION This formulation of intranasal ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 showed an acceptable tolerability profile but induced neither a consistent mucosal antibody response nor a strong systemic response. FUNDING AstraZeneca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Madhavan
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Adam J Ritchie
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Jeremy Aboagye
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Daniel Jenkin
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Samuel Provstgaad-Morys
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Iona Tarbet
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Danielle Woods
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Sophie Davies
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Megan Baker
- Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Abigail Platt
- Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Amy Flaxman
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Holly Smith
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | | | - Deidre Wilkins
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 1 Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Kelly
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 1 Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Tonya Villafana
- Clinical Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Justin A Green
- Clinical Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian Poulton
- Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Oxford Vaccine Group, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; China Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Adrian V S Hill
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Katie J Ewer
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Alexander D Douglas
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
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7
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Padron-Regalado E, Ulaszewska M, Douglas AD, Hill AVS, Spencer AJ. STING-pathway modulation to enhance the immunogenicity of adenoviral-vectored vaccines. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14464. [PMID: 36002507 PMCID: PMC9401198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18750-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional chemical adjuvants remain a practical means of enhancing the immunogenicity of vaccines. Nevertheless, it is recognized that increasing the immunogenicity of viral vectors is challenging. Recently, STING ligands have been shown to enhance the efficacy of different vaccine platforms, but their affectivity on viral-vectored vaccination has not been fully assessed. In this study we used a multi-pronged approach to shed light on the immunological properties and potential mechanisms of action of this type of adjuvant and focused our study on replication-deficient human adenovirus serotype 5 (AdHu5). When the STING ligand 2'3'-cGAMP was mixed with AdHu5, the adjuvant enhanced anti-vector immune responses while decreasing the transgene-specific CD8+ T cell response. Studies employing STING-knockout mice and a 2'3'-cGAMP inactive analogue confirmed the aforementioned effects were STING dependent. In vitro assays demonstrated 2'3'-cGAMP induced the production of IFN-β which in turn negatively affected AdHu5 transgene expression and CD8+ T cell immunogenicity. In an effort to overcome the negative impact of early 2'3'-cGAMP signaling on AdHu5 transgene immunogenicity, we generated a bicistronic vector encoding the 2'3'-cGAMP together with a model antigen. Intracellular production of 2'3'-cGAMP after AdHu5 infection was able to enhance transgene-specific CD8+ T cell immunogenicity, although not to a level that would warrant progression of this adjuvant to clinical assessment. This work highlights the importance of timing of 2'3'-cGAMP administration when assessing its adjuvant capacity with different vaccine modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Padron-Regalado
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Marta Ulaszewska
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander D Douglas
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adrian V S Hill
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexandra J Spencer
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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8
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Sheerin D, Dold C, Silva-Reyes L, Linder A, Pollard AJ, Rollier CS. Inclusion of a dual signal sequence enhances the immunogenicity of a novel viral vectored vaccine against the capsular group B meningococcus. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:86. [PMID: 35690803 PMCID: PMC9187930 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00809-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disease caused by the capsular group B meningococcus (MenB) is the leading cause of infectious death in UK infants. A novel adenovirus-based vaccine encoding the MenB factor H binding protein (fHbp) with an N-terminal dual signal sequence induces high titres of protective antibody after a single dose in mice. A panel of N-terminal signal sequence variants were created to assess the contribution of components of this sequence to transgene expression kinetics of the encoded antigen from mammalian cells and the resultant effect on immunogenicity of fHbp. RESULTS The full-length signal sequence (FL SS) resulted in superior early antigen expression compared with the panel of variants, as measured by flow cytometry and confocal imaging, and supported higher bactericidal antibody levels against the expressed antigen in mouse sera < 6 weeks post-immunisation than the licensed four component MenB vaccine. The FL SS also significantly increased antigen-specific T cell responses against other adenovirus-encoded bacterial antigens in mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that the FL SS enhances immunogenicity of the encoded antigen, supporting its inclusion in other viral vectored bacterial antigen transgenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Sheerin
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK. .,Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence Division, Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), The Walter & Eliza Hall, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Christina Dold
- grid.415719.f0000 0004 0488 9484Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura Silva-Reyes
- grid.415719.f0000 0004 0488 9484Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Aline Linder
- grid.415719.f0000 0004 0488 9484Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J. Pollard
- grid.415719.f0000 0004 0488 9484Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Christine S. Rollier
- grid.415719.f0000 0004 0488 9484Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK ,grid.5475.30000 0004 0407 4824Present Address: Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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9
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Tawinprai K, Siripongboonsitti T, Porntharukchareon T, Wittayasak K, Thonwirak N, Soonklang K, Sornsamdang G, Auewarakul C, Mahanonda N. Immunogenicity and safety of an intradermal fractional third dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222 vaccine compared with those of a standard intramuscular third dose in volunteers who previously received two doses of CoronaVac: A randomized controlled trial. Vaccine 2022; 40:1761-1767. [PMID: 35210118 PMCID: PMC8860330 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kriangkrai Tawinprai
- Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Thailand.
| | | | | | - Kasiruck Wittayasak
- Center of Learning and Research in Celebration of HRH Princess Chulabhorn's 60(th) Birthday Anniversary, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Thailand
| | - Nawarat Thonwirak
- Center of Learning and Research in Celebration of HRH Princess Chulabhorn's 60(th) Birthday Anniversary, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Thailand
| | - Kamonwan Soonklang
- Center of Learning and Research in Celebration of HRH Princess Chulabhorn's 60(th) Birthday Anniversary, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Thailand
| | | | - Chirayu Auewarakul
- Center of Learning and Research in Celebration of HRH Princess Chulabhorn's 60(th) Birthday Anniversary, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Thailand; Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Thailand
| | - Nithi Mahanonda
- Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Thailand
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10
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Adenovirus-based vaccines - a platform for pandemic preparedness against emerging viral pathogens. Mol Ther 2022; 30:1822-1849. [PMID: 35092844 PMCID: PMC8801892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic viruses continually pose a pandemic threat. Infection of humans with viruses for which we typically have little or no prior immunity can result in epidemics with high morbidity and mortality. These epidemics can have public health and economic impact and can exacerbate civil unrest or political instability. Changes in human behavior in the past few decades—increased global travel, farming intensification, the exotic animal trade, and the impact of global warming on animal migratory patterns, habitats, and ecosystems—contribute to the increased frequency of cross-species transmission events. Investing in the pre-clinical advancement of vaccine candidates against diverse emerging viral threats is crucial for pandemic preparedness. Replication-defective adenoviral (Ad) vectors have demonstrated their utility as an outbreak-responsive vaccine platform during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Ad vectors are easy to engineer; are amenable to rapid, inexpensive manufacturing; are relatively safe and immunogenic in humans; and, importantly, do not require specialized cold-chain storage, making them an ideal platform for equitable global distribution or stockpiling. In this review, we discuss the progress in applying Ad-based vaccines against emerging viruses and summarize their global safety profile, as reflected by their widespread geographic use during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
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11
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Joe CCD, Jiang J, Linke T, Li Y, Fedosyuk S, Gupta G, Berg A, Segireddy RR, Mainwaring D, Joshi A, Cashen P, Rees B, Chopra N, Nestola P, Humphreys J, Davies S, Smith N, Bruce S, Verbart D, Bormans D, Knevelman C, Woodyer M, Davies L, Cooper L, Kapanidou M, Bleckwenn N, Pappas D, Lambe T, Smith DC, Green CM, Venkat R, Ritchie AJ, Gilbert SC, Turner R, Douglas AD. Manufacturing a chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine to meet global needs. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:48-58. [PMID: 34585736 PMCID: PMC8653296 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Manufacturing has been the key factor limiting rollout of vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic, requiring rapid development and large-scale implementation of novel manufacturing technologies. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222, Vaxzevria) is an efficacious vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, based upon an adenovirus vector. We describe the development of a process for the production of this vaccine and others based upon the same platform, including novel features to facilitate very large-scale production. We discuss the process economics and the "distributed manufacturing" approach we have taken to provide the vaccine at globally-relevant scale and with international security of supply. Together, these approaches have enabled the largest viral vector manufacturing campaign to date, providing a substantial proportion of global COVID-19 vaccine supply at low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina C. D. Joe
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Jinlin Jiang
- Biopharmaceuticals DevelopmentR&D, AstraZenecaGaithersburgMarylandUSA
| | - Thomas Linke
- Biopharmaceuticals DevelopmentR&D, AstraZenecaGaithersburgMarylandUSA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Sofiya Fedosyuk
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Adam Berg
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicole Bleckwenn
- Biopharmaceuticals DevelopmentR&D, AstraZenecaGaithersburgMarylandUSA
| | - Daniel Pappas
- Biopharmaceuticals DevelopmentR&D, AstraZenecaGaithersburgMarylandUSA
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Catherine M. Green
- Clinical Biomanufacturing Facility, Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Raghavan Venkat
- Biopharmaceuticals DevelopmentR&D, AstraZenecaGaithersburgMarylandUSA
| | - Adam J. Ritchie
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Sarah C. Gilbert
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Richard Turner
- Purification Process Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals DevelopmentR&D, AstraZenecaCambridgeUK
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12
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To aspirate or not to aspirate? Considerations for the COVID-19 vaccines. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:1223-1227. [PMID: 35320581 PMCID: PMC8941363 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00361-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Syringe aspiration when vaccinating intramuscularly was not recommended before the pandemic due to the lack of conclusive evidence that it provides any benefit. However, in vivo evidence suggests that intravenous injection of mRNA vaccine can potentially lead to myocarditis, while introducing adenoviral vector to bloodstream can possibly result in thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy. These rare reactions were recorded in humans following the administration of the COVID-19 vaccines. Although the syringe aspiration may increase the level of pain at the injection site, it represents a simple technique to decrease the risk of vaccine introduction into the vascular system and potentially decrease the risk of severe reactions to mRNA and adenoviral vaccines. We are of the opinion that this cannot be disregarded if one considers that the COVID-19 vaccines will continue to be administrated globally in the form of initial and booster doses. Therefore, the aspiration when giving mRNA and adenoviral vaccines appears to be fully in line with the precautionary principle.
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13
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Al-Ali D, Elshafeey A, Mushannen M, Kawas H, Shafiq A, Mhaimeed N, Mhaimeed O, Mhaimeed N, Zeghlache R, Salameh M, Paul P, Homssi M, Mohammed I, Narangoli A, Yagan L, Khanjar B, Laws S, Elshazly MB, Zakaria D. Cardiovascular and haematological events post COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:636-653. [PMID: 34967105 PMCID: PMC8817142 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since COVID‐19 took a strong hold around the globe causing considerable morbidity and mortality, a lot of effort was dedicated to manufacturing effective vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2. Many questions have since been raised surrounding the safety of the vaccines, and a lot of media attention to certain side effects. This caused a state of vaccine hesitancy that may prove problematic in the global effort to control the virus. This review was undertaken with the aim of putting together all the reported cardiovascular and haematological events post COVID‐19 vaccination in published literature and to suggest possible mechanisms to explain these rare phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lina Yagan
- Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Sa'ad Laws
- Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed B Elshazly
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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14
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Othman M, Baker AT, Gupalo E, Elsebaie A, Bliss CM, Rondina MT, Lillicrap D, Parker AL. To clot or not to clot? Ad is the question-Insights on mechanisms related to vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:2845-2856. [PMID: 34351057 PMCID: PMC8420166 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) has caused global concern. VITT is characterized by thrombosis and thrombocytopenia following COVID-19 vaccinations with the AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 nCov-19 and the Janssen Ad26.COV2.S vaccines. Patients present with thrombosis, severe thrombocytopenia developing 5-24 days following first dose of vaccine, with elevated D-dimer, and PF4 antibodies, signifying platelet activation. As of June 1, 2021, more than 1.93 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses had been administered worldwide. Currently, 467 VITT cases (0.000024%) have been reported across the UK, Europe, Canada, and Australia. Guidance on diagnosis and management of VITT has been reported but the pathogenic mechanism is yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we propose and discuss potential mechanisms in relation to adenovirus induction of VITT. We provide insights and clues into areas warranting investigation into the mechanistic basis of VITT, highlighting the unanswered questions. Further research is required to help solidify a pathogenic model for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Othman
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular SciencesSchool of MedicineQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
- School of Baccalaureate NursingSt. Lawrence CollegeKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Alexander T. Baker
- Center for Individualized MedicineMayo ClinicScottsdaleArizonaUSA
- Division of Cancer and GeneticsCardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUK
| | - Elena Gupalo
- National Medical Research Center for CardiologyMoscowRussia
| | - Abdelrahman Elsebaie
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular SciencesSchool of MedicineQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Carly M. Bliss
- Division of Cancer and GeneticsCardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUK
| | - Matthew T. Rondina
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, and the Molecular Medicine ProgramUniversity of Utah HealthSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Department of Internal Medicine and GRECCGeorge E. Wahlen VAMCSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - David Lillicrap
- Department of Pathology and Molecular MedicineQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Alan L. Parker
- Division of Cancer and GeneticsCardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUK
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15
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Dulal P, Gharaei R, Berg A, Walters AA, Hawkins N, Claridge TDW, Kowal K, Neill S, Ritchie AJ, Ashfield R, Hill AVS, Tronci G, Russell SJ, Douglas AD. Characterisation of factors contributing to the performance of nonwoven fibrous matrices as substrates for adenovirus vectored vaccine stabilisation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20877. [PMID: 34686689 PMCID: PMC8536692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus vectors offer a platform technology for vaccine development. The value of the platform has been proven during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although good stability at 2-8 °C is an advantage of the platform, non-cold-chain distribution would have substantial advantages, in particular in low-income countries. We have previously reported a novel, potentially less expensive thermostabilisation approach using a combination of simple sugars and glass micro-fibrous matrix, achieving excellent recovery of adenovirus-vectored vaccines after storage at temperatures as high as 45 °C. This matrix is, however, prone to fragmentation and so not suitable for clinical translation. Here, we report an investigation of alternative fibrous matrices which might be suitable for clinical use. A number of commercially-available matrices permitted good protein recovery, quality of sugar glass and moisture content of the dried product but did not achieve the thermostabilisation performance of the original glass fibre matrix. We therefore further investigated physical and chemical characteristics of the glass fibre matrix and its components, finding that the polyvinyl alcohol present in the glass fibre matrix assists vaccine stability. This finding enabled us to identify a potentially biocompatible matrix with encouraging performance. We discuss remaining challenges for transfer of the technology into clinical use, including reliability of process performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Dulal
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
| | - Robabeh Gharaei
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Clothworkers’ Centre for Textile Materials Innovation for Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Adam Berg
- grid.270683.80000 0004 0641 4511Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Adam A. Walters
- grid.270683.80000 0004 0641 4511Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Nicholas Hawkins
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Oxford Silk Group, ABRG, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 3RE UK
| | - Tim D. W. Claridge
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA UK
| | - Katarzyna Kowal
- grid.436666.7Nonwovens Innovation and Research Institute Ltd, 169 Meanwood Road, Leeds, LS7 1SR UK
| | - Steven Neill
- grid.436666.7Nonwovens Innovation and Research Institute Ltd, 169 Meanwood Road, Leeds, LS7 1SR UK
| | - Adam J. Ritchie
- grid.270683.80000 0004 0641 4511Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Rebecca Ashfield
- grid.270683.80000 0004 0641 4511Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Adrian V. S. Hill
- grid.270683.80000 0004 0641 4511Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Giuseppe Tronci
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Clothworkers’ Centre for Textile Materials Innovation for Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Stephen J. Russell
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Clothworkers’ Centre for Textile Materials Innovation for Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK ,grid.436666.7Nonwovens Innovation and Research Institute Ltd, 169 Meanwood Road, Leeds, LS7 1SR UK
| | - Alexander D. Douglas
- grid.270683.80000 0004 0641 4511Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
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16
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lentiviral vectors have emerged as powerful vectors for vaccination, due to their high efficiency to transduce dendritic cells and to induce long-lasting humoral immunity, CD8+ T cells, and effective protection in numerous preclinical animal models of infection and oncology. AREAS COVERED Here, we reviewed the literature, highlighting the relevance of lentiviral vectors in vaccinology. We recapitulated both their virological and immunological aspects of lentiviral vectors. We compared lentiviral vectors to the gold standard viral vaccine vectors, i.e. adenoviral vectors, and updated the latest results in lentiviral vector-based vaccination in preclinical models. EXPERT OPINION Lentiviral vectors are non-replicative, negligibly inflammatory, and not targets of preexisting immunity in human populations. These are major characteristics to consider in vaccine development. The potential of lentiviral vectors to transduce non-dividing cells, including dendritic cells, is determinant in their strong immunogenicity. Notably, lentiviral vectors can be engineered to target antigen expression to specific host cells. The very weak inflammatory properties of these vectors allow their use in mucosal vaccination, with particular interest in infectious diseases that affect the lungs or brain, including COVID-19. Recent results in various preclinical models have reinforced the interest of these vectors in prophylaxis against infectious diseases and in onco-immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Wen Ku
- Virology Department, Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Charneau
- Virology Department, Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Paris, France
| | - Laleh Majlessi
- Virology Department, Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Paris, France
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A Single Dose of a Hybrid hAdV5-Based Anti-COVID-19 Vaccine Induces a Long-Lasting Immune Response and Broad Coverage against VOC. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101106. [PMID: 34696219 PMCID: PMC8537385 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most approved vaccines against COVID-19 have to be administered in a prime/boost regimen. We engineered a novel vaccine based on a chimeric human adenovirus 5 (hAdV5) vector. The vaccine (named CoroVaxG.3) is based on three pillars: (i) high expression of Spike to enhance its immunodominance by using a potent promoter and an mRNA stabilizer; (ii) enhanced infection of muscle and dendritic cells by replacing the fiber knob domain of hAdV5 by hAdV3; (iii) use of Spike stabilized in a prefusion conformation. The transduction with CoroVaxG.3-expressing Spike (D614G) dramatically enhanced the Spike expression in human muscle cells, monocytes and dendritic cells compared to CoroVaxG.5 that expressed the native fiber knob domain. A single dose of CoroVaxG.3 induced a potent humoral immunity with a balanced Th1/Th2 ratio and potent T-cell immunity, both lasting for at least 5 months. Sera from CoroVaxG.3-vaccinated mice was able to neutralize pseudoviruses expressing B.1 (wild type D614G), B.1.117 (alpha), P.1 (gamma) and B.1.617.2 (delta) Spikes, as well as an authentic P.1 SARS-CoV-2 isolate. Neutralizing antibodies did not wane even after 5 months, making this kind of vaccine a likely candidate to enter clinical trials.
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18
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Haimei MA. Concern About the Adverse Effects of Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis After Adenovirus-Vectored COVID-19 Vaccination. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2021; 27:10760296211040110. [PMID: 34541935 PMCID: PMC8642058 DOI: 10.1177/10760296211040110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the outbreak of Covid-19 in December, 2019, scientists worldwide have been
committed to developing COVID-19 vaccines. Only when most people have immunity
to SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 can reduce even wholly overcome. So far, nine kinds of
COVID-19 vaccines have passed the phase III clinical trials and have approved
for use. At the same time, adverse reactions after COVID-19 vaccination have
also reported. This paper focuses on the adverse effects of thrombosis and
thrombocytopenia caused by the COVID-19 vaccine, especially the
adenovirus-vector vaccine from AstraZeneca and Pfizer, and discusses its
mechanism and possible countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Haimei
- Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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19
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Graalmann T, Borst K, Manchanda H, Vaas L, Bruhn M, Graalmann L, Koster M, Verboom M, Hallensleben M, Guzmán CA, Sutter G, Schmidt RE, Witte T, Kalinke U. B cell depletion impairs vaccination-induced CD8 + T cell responses in a type I interferon-dependent manner. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 80:1537-1544. [PMID: 34226189 PMCID: PMC8600602 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody rituximab is frequently applied in the treatment of lymphoma as well as autoimmune diseases and confers efficient depletion of recirculating B cells. Correspondingly, B cell-depleted patients barely mount de novo antibody responses during infections or vaccinations. Therefore, efficient immune responses of B cell-depleted patients largely depend on protective T cell responses. METHODS CD8+ T cell expansion was studied in rituximab-treated rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and B cell-deficient mice on vaccination/infection with different vaccines/pathogens. RESULTS Rituximab-treated RA patients vaccinated with Influvac showed reduced expansion of influenza-specific CD8+ T cells when compared with healthy controls. Moreover, B cell-deficient JHT mice infected with mouse-adapted Influenza or modified vaccinia virus Ankara showed less vigorous expansion of virus-specific CD8+ T cells than wild type mice. Of note, JHT mice do not have an intrinsic impairment of CD8+ T cell expansion, since infection with vaccinia virus induced similar T cell expansion in JHT and wild type mice. Direct type I interferon receptor signalling of B cells was necessary to induce several chemokines in B cells and to support T cell help by enhancing the expression of MHC-I. CONCLUSIONS Depending on the stimulus, B cells can modulate CD8+ T cell responses. Thus, B cell depletion causes a deficiency of de novo antibody responses and affects the efficacy of cellular response including cytotoxic T cells. The choice of the appropriate vaccine to vaccinate B cell-depleted patients has to be re-evaluated in order to efficiently induce protective CD8+ T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Graalmann
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hanover, Germany.,Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Katharina Borst
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hanover, Germany
| | - Himanshu Manchanda
- Institute for Bioinformatics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lea Vaas
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hanover, Germany
| | - Matthias Bruhn
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hanover, Germany
| | - Lukas Graalmann
- Department for Respiratory Medicine, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Mario Koster
- Department of Gene Regulation and Differentiation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Murielle Verboom
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Michael Hallensleben
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Carlos Alberto Guzmán
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Gerd Sutter
- Division of Virology, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhold E Schmidt
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence - Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST), Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Torsten Witte
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence - Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST), Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hanover, Germany .,Cluster of Excellence - Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST), Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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20
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Daussy CF, Pied N, Wodrich H. Understanding Post Entry Sorting of Adenovirus Capsids; A Chance to Change Vaccine Vector Properties. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071221. [PMID: 34202573 PMCID: PMC8310329 DOI: 10.3390/v13071221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus vector-based genetic vaccines have emerged as a powerful strategy against the SARS-CoV-2 health crisis. This success is not unexpected because adenoviruses combine many desirable features of a genetic vaccine. They are highly immunogenic and have a low and well characterized pathogenic profile paired with technological approachability. Ongoing efforts to improve adenovirus-vaccine vectors include the use of rare serotypes and non-human adenoviruses. In this review, we focus on the viral capsid and how the choice of genotypes influences the uptake and subsequent subcellular sorting. We describe how understanding capsid properties, such as stability during the entry process, can change the fate of the entering particles and how this translates into differences in immunity outcomes. We discuss in detail how mutating the membrane lytic capsid protein VI affects species C viruses' post-entry sorting and briefly discuss if such approaches could have a wider implication in vaccine and/or vector development.
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21
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Ku MW, Authié P, Nevo F, Souque P, Bourgine M, Romano M, Charneau P, Majlessi L. Lentiviral vector induces high-quality memory T cells via dendritic cells transduction. Commun Biol 2021; 4:713. [PMID: 34112936 PMCID: PMC8192903 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02251-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a lentiviral vector harboring the human β2-microglobulin promoter, with predominant expression in immune cells and minimal proximal enhancers to improve vector safety. This lentiviral vector efficiently transduces major dendritic cell subsets in vivo. With a mycobacterial immunogen, we observed distinct functional signatures and memory phenotype in lentiviral vector- or Adenovirus type 5 (Ad5)-immunized mice, despite comparable antigen-specific CD8+ T cell magnitudes. Compared to Ad5, lentiviral vector immunization resulted in higher multifunctional and IL-2-producing CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, lentiviral vector immunization primed CD8+ T cells towards central memory phenotype, while Ad5 immunization favored effector memory phenotype. Studies using HIV antigens in outbred rats demonstrated additional clear-cut evidence for an immunogenic advantage of lentiviral vector over Ad5. Additionally, lentiviral vector provided enhance therapeutic anti-tumor protection than Ad5. In conclusion, coupling lentiviral vector with β2-microglobulin promoter represents a promising approach to produce long-lasting, high-quality cellular immunity for vaccinal purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wen Ku
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Laboratoire Commun Pasteur-TheraVectys, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ,grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Unité de Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ,grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France ,Ecole Doctorale Frontières du Vivant (FdV), Paris, France
| | - Pierre Authié
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Laboratoire Commun Pasteur-TheraVectys, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Nevo
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Laboratoire Commun Pasteur-TheraVectys, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Souque
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Unité de Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Maryline Bourgine
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Laboratoire Commun Pasteur-TheraVectys, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ,grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Unité de Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marta Romano
- grid.508031.fUnit In Vivo Models, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Charneau
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Laboratoire Commun Pasteur-TheraVectys, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ,grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Unité de Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laleh Majlessi
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Laboratoire Commun Pasteur-TheraVectys, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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22
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Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia after COVID-19 Vaccination: In Search of the Underlying Mechanism. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060559. [PMID: 34071883 PMCID: PMC8227748 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rollout of COVID-19 vaccines brings hope for successful pandemic mitigation and getting the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 under control. The vaccines authorized in Europe displayed a good safety profile in the clinical trials. However, during their post-authorization use, unusual thrombotic events associated with thrombocytopenia have rarely been reported for vector vaccines. This led to the temporary suspension of the AZD1222 vaccine (Oxford/AstraZeneca) in various European countries and the Ad26.COV2 vaccine (Janssen/Johnson&Johnson) in the United States, with regulatory bodies launching investigations into potential causal associations. The thromboembolic reactions were also rarely reported after mRNA vaccines. The exact cause of these adverse effects remains to be elucidated. The present paper outlines the hypotheses on the mechanisms behind the very rare thrombotic thrombocytopenia reported after the COVID-19 vaccination, along with currently existing evidence and future research prospects. The following are discussed: (i) the role of antibodies against platelet factor 4 (PF4), (ii) the direct interaction between adenoviral vector and platelets, (iii) the cross-reactivity of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with PF4, (iv) cross-reactivity of anti-adenovirus antibodies and PF4, (v) interaction between spike protein and platelets, (vi) the platelet expression of spike protein and subsequent immune response, and (vii) the platelet expression of other adenoviral proteins and subsequent reactions. It is also plausible that thrombotic thrombocytopenia after the COVID-19 vaccine is multifactorial. The elucidation of the causes of these adverse events is pivotal in taking precautionary measures and managing vaccine hesitancy. It needs to be stressed, however, that the reported cases are currently sporadic and that the benefits of COVID-19 vaccines vastly outweigh their potential risks.
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23
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Watanabe Y, Mendonça L, Allen ER, Howe A, Lee M, Allen JD, Chawla H, Pulido D, Donnellan F, Davies H, Ulaszewska M, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Morris S, Krebs AS, Dejnirattisai W, Mongkolsapaya J, Supasa P, Screaton GR, Green CM, Lambe T, Zhang P, Gilbert SC, Crispin M. Native-like SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein Expressed by ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222 Vaccine. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:594-602. [PMID: 34056089 PMCID: PMC8043200 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine development against the SARS-CoV-2 virus focuses on the principal target of the neutralizing immune response, the spike (S) glycoprotein. Adenovirus-vectored vaccines offer an effective platform for the delivery of viral antigen, but it is important for the generation of neutralizing antibodies that they produce appropriately processed and assembled viral antigen that mimics that observed on the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Here, we describe the structure, conformation, and glycosylation of the S protein derived from the adenovirus-vectored ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222 vaccine. We demonstrate native-like post-translational processing and assembly, and reveal the expression of S proteins on the surface of cells adopting the trimeric prefusion conformation. The data presented here confirm the use of ChAdOx1 adenovirus vectors as a leading platform technology for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Watanabe
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
- Oxford
Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, U.K.
| | - Luiza Mendonça
- Division
of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, U.K.
| | - Elizabeth R. Allen
- The
Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
| | - Andrew Howe
- Electron
Bio-imaging Centre, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Mercede Lee
- The
Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University
of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, U.K.
| | - Joel D. Allen
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Himanshi Chawla
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - David Pulido
- The
Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
| | - Francesca Donnellan
- The
Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
| | - Hannah Davies
- The
Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
| | - Marta Ulaszewska
- The
Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
| | - Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer
- The
Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
- NIHR Oxford
Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, U.K.
| | - Susan Morris
- The
Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
| | - Anna-Sophia Krebs
- Division
of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, U.K.
| | - Wanwisa Dejnirattisai
- The
Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University
of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, U.K.
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- The
Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University
of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, U.K.
- Dengue
Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Office for Research and Development,
Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol
University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Chinese
Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
| | - Piyada Supasa
- The
Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University
of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, U.K.
| | - Gavin R. Screaton
- The
Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University
of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, U.K.
- Division
of Medical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
| | - Catherine M. Green
- The
Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University
of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, U.K.
| | - Teresa Lambe
- The
Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
- NIHR Oxford
Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, U.K.
| | - Peijun Zhang
- Division
of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, U.K.
- Electron
Bio-imaging Centre, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Sarah C. Gilbert
- The
Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
- NIHR Oxford
Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, U.K.
| | - Max Crispin
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
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24
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Powers JM, Haese NN, Denton M, Ando T, Kreklywich C, Bonin K, Streblow CE, Kreklywich N, Smith P, Broeckel R, DeFilippis V, Morrison TE, Heise MT, Streblow DN. Non-replicating adenovirus based Mayaro virus vaccine elicits protective immune responses and cross protects against other alphaviruses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009308. [PMID: 33793555 PMCID: PMC8051823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an alphavirus endemic to South and Central America associated with sporadic outbreaks in humans. MAYV infection causes severe joint and muscle pain that can persist for weeks to months. Currently, there are no approved vaccines or therapeutics to prevent MAYV infection or treat the debilitating musculoskeletal inflammatory disease. In the current study, a prophylactic MAYV vaccine expressing the complete viral structural polyprotein was developed based on a non-replicating human adenovirus V (AdV) platform. Vaccination with AdV-MAYV elicited potent neutralizing antibodies that protected WT mice against MAYV challenge by preventing viremia, reducing viral dissemination to tissues and mitigating viral disease. The vaccine also prevented viral-mediated demise in IFN⍺R1-/- mice. Passive transfer of immune serum from vaccinated animals similarly prevented infection and disease in WT mice as well as virus-induced demise of IFN⍺R1-/- mice, indicating that antiviral antibodies are protective. Immunization with AdV-MAYV also generated cross-neutralizing antibodies against two related arthritogenic alphaviruses-chikungunya and Una viruses. These cross-neutralizing antibodies were protective against lethal infection in IFN⍺R1-/- mice following challenge with these heterotypic alphaviruses. These results indicate AdV-MAYV elicits protective immune responses with substantial cross-reactivity and protective efficacy against other arthritogenic alphaviruses. Our findings also highlight the potential for development of a multi-virus targeting vaccine against alphaviruses with endemic and epidemic potential in the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Powers
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Nicole N. Haese
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Michael Denton
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Takeshi Ando
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Craig Kreklywich
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Kiley Bonin
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Cassilyn E. Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Kreklywich
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Patricia Smith
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Broeckel
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Victor DeFilippis
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Thomas E. Morrison
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Mark T. Heise
- Department of Genetics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Daniel N. Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
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25
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Watanabe Y, Mendonça L, Allen ER, Howe A, Lee M, Allen JD, Chawla H, Pulido D, Donnellan F, Davies H, Ulaszewska M, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Morris S, Krebs AS, Dejnirattisai W, Mongkolsapaya J, Supasa P, Screaton GR, Green CM, Lambe T, Zhang P, Gilbert SC, Crispin M. Native-like SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein expressed by ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222 vaccine. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.01.15.426463. [PMID: 33501433 PMCID: PMC7836103 DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.15.426463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine development against the SARS-CoV-2 virus focuses on the principal target of the neutralizing immune response, the spike (S) glycoprotein. Adenovirus-vectored vaccines offer an effective platform for the delivery of viral antigen, but it is important for the generation of neutralizing antibodies that they produce appropriately processed and assembled viral antigen that mimics that observed on the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Here, we describe the structure, conformation and glycosylation of the S protein derived from the adenovirus-vectored ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222 vaccine. We demonstrate native-like post-translational processing and assembly, and reveal the expression of S proteins on the surface of cells adopting the trimeric prefusion conformation. The data presented here confirms the use of ChAdOx1 adenovirus vectors as a leading platform technology for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Watanabe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Luiza Mendonça
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Elizabeth R. Allen
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Howe
- Electron Bio-imaging Centre, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Mercede Lee
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joel D. Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Himanshi Chawla
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - David Pulido
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francesca Donnellan
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hannah Davies
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marta Ulaszewska
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan Morris
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna-Sophia Krebs
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Wanwisa Dejnirattisai
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science(CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Piyada Supasa
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Gavin R. Screaton
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Division of Medical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine M. Green
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Teresa Lambe
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Peijun Zhang
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Electron Bio-imaging Centre, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Sarah C. Gilbert
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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26
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Russell RL, Pelka P, Mark BL. Frontrunners in the race to develop a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Can J Microbiol 2020; 67:189-212. [PMID: 33264067 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2020-0465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies continue to be published on the COVID-19 pandemic that is being caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Given the rapidly evolving global response to SARS-CoV-2, here we primarily review the leading COVID-19 vaccine strategies that are currently in Phase III clinical trials. Nonreplicating viral vector strategies, inactivated virus, recombinant protein subunit vaccines, and nucleic acid vaccine platforms are all being pursued in an effort to combat the infection. Preclinical and clinal trial results of these efforts are examined as well as the characteristics of each vaccine strategy from the humoral and cellular immune responses they stimulate, effects of any adjuvants used, and the potential risks associated with immunization such as antibody-dependent enhancement. A number of promising advancements have been made toward the development of multiple vaccine candidates. Preliminary data now emerging from phase III clinical trials show encouraging results for the protective efficacy and safety of at least 3 frontrunning candidates. There is hope that one or more will emerge as potent weapons to protect against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel L Russell
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Peter Pelka
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Brian L Mark
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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27
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Collignon C, Bol V, Chalon A, Surendran N, Morel S, van den Berg RA, Capone S, Bechtold V, Temmerman ST. Innate Immune Responses to Chimpanzee Adenovirus Vector 155 Vaccination in Mice and Monkeys. Front Immunol 2020; 11:579872. [PMID: 33329551 PMCID: PMC7734297 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.579872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Replication-deficient chimpanzee adenovirus (ChAd) vectors represent an attractive vaccine platform and are thus employed as vaccine candidates against several infectious diseases. Since inducing effective immunity depends on the interplay between innate and adaptive immunity, a deeper understanding of innate immune responses elicited by intramuscularly injected ChAd vectors in tissues can advance the platform’s development. Using different candidate vaccines based on the Group C ChAd type 155 (ChAd155) vector, we characterized early immune responses in injected muscles and draining lymph nodes (dLNs) from mice, and complemented these analyses by evaluating cytokine responses and gene expression patterns in peripheral blood from ChAd155-injected macaques. In mice, vector DNA levels gradually decreased post-immunization, but local transgene mRNA expression exhibited two transient peaks [at 6 h and Day (D)5], which were most obvious in dLNs. This dynamic pattern was mirrored by the innate responses in tissues, which developed as early as 1–3 h (cytokines/chemokines) or D1 (immune cells) post-vaccination. They were characterized by a CCL2- and CXCL9/10-dominated chemokine profile, peaking at 6 h (with CXCL10/CCL2 signals also detectable in serum) and D7, and clear immune-cell infiltration peaks at D1/D2 and D6/D7. Experiments with a green fluorescent protein-expressing ChAd155 vector revealed infiltrating hematopoietic cell subsets at the injection site. Cell infiltrates comprised mostly monocytes in muscles, and NK cells, T cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, and B cells in dLNs. Similar bimodal dynamics were observed in whole-blood gene signatures in macaques: most of the 17 enriched immune/innate signaling pathways were significantly upregulated at D1 and D7 and downregulated at D3, and clustering analysis revealed stronger similarities between D1 and D7 signatures versus the D3 signature. Serum cytokine responses (CXCL10, IL1Ra, and low-level IFN-α) in macaques were predominantly observed at D1. Altogether, the early immune responses exhibited bimodal kinetics with transient peaks at D1/D2 and D6/D7, mostly with an IFN-associated signature, and these features were remarkably consistent across most analyzed parameters in murine tissues and macaque blood. These compelling observations reveal a novel aspect of the dynamics of innate immunity induced by ChAd155-vectored vaccines, and contribute to ongoing research to better understand how adenovectors can promote vaccine-induced immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanesa Bol
- Preclinical R&D, GSK, Rixensart, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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28
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Bots ST, Hoeben RC. Non-Human Primate-Derived Adenoviruses for Future Use as Oncolytic Agents? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144821. [PMID: 32650405 PMCID: PMC7404033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-human primate (NHP)-derived adenoviruses have formed a valuable alternative for the use of human adenoviruses in vaccine development and gene therapy strategies by virtue of the low seroprevalence of neutralizing immunity in the human population. The more recent use of several human adenoviruses as oncolytic agents has exhibited excellent safety profiles and firm evidence of clinical efficacy. This proffers the question whether NHP-derived adenoviruses could also be employed for viral oncolysis in human patients. While vaccine vectors are conventionally made as replication-defective vectors, in oncolytic applications replication-competent viruses are used. The data on NHP-derived adenoviral vectors obtained from vaccination studies can only partially support the suitability of NHP-derived adenoviruses for use in oncolytic virus therapy. In addition, the use of NHP-derived adenoviruses in humans might be received warily given the recent zoonotic infections with influenza viruses and coronaviruses. In this review, we discuss the similarities and differences between human- and NHP-derived adenoviruses in view of their use as oncolytic agents. These include their genome organization, receptor use, replication and cell lysis, modulation of the host’s immune responses, as well as their pathogenicity in humans. Together, the data should facilitate a rational and data-supported decision on the suitability of NHP-derived adenoviruses for prospective use in oncolytic virus therapy.
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Coughlan L. Factors Which Contribute to the Immunogenicity of Non-replicating Adenoviral Vectored Vaccines. Front Immunol 2020; 11:909. [PMID: 32508823 PMCID: PMC7248264 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenoviral vectors are a safe and potently immunogenic vaccine delivery platform. Non-replicating Ad vectors possess several attributes which make them attractive vaccines for infectious disease, including their capacity for high titer growth, ease of manipulation, safety, and immunogenicity in clinical studies, as well as their compatibility with clinical manufacturing and thermo-stabilization procedures. In general, Ad vectors are immunogenic vaccines, which elicit robust transgene antigen-specific cellular (namely CD8+ T cells) and/or humoral immune responses. A large number of adenoviruses isolated from humans and non-human primates, which have low seroprevalence in humans, have been vectorized and tested as vaccines in animal models and humans. However, a distinct hierarchy of immunological potency has been identified between diverse Ad vectors, which unfortunately limits the potential use of many vectors which have otherwise desirable manufacturing characteristics. The precise mechanistic factors which underlie the profound disparities in immunogenicity are not clearly defined and are the subject of ongoing, detailed investigation. It has been suggested that a combination of factors contribute to the potent immunogenicity of particular Ad vectors, including the magnitude and duration of vaccine antigen expression following immunization. Furthermore, the excessive induction of Type I interferons by some Ad vectors has been suggested to impair transgene expression levels, dampening subsequent immune responses. Therefore, the induction of balanced, but not excessive stimulation of innate signaling is optimal. Entry factor binding or receptor usage of distinct Ad vectors can also affect their in vivo tropism following administration by different routes. The abundance and accessibility of innate immune cells and/or antigen-presenting cells at the site of injection contributes to early innate immune responses to Ad vaccination, affecting the outcome of the adaptive immune response. Although a significant amount of information exists regarding the tropism determinants of the common human adenovirus type-5 vector, very little is known about the receptor usage and tropism of rare species or non-human Ad vectors. Increased understanding of how different facets of the host response to Ad vectors contribute to their immunological potency will be essential for the development of optimized and customized Ad vaccine platforms for specific diseases.
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Bliss CM, Parsons AJ, Nachbagauer R, Hamilton JR, Cappuccini F, Ulaszewska M, Webber JP, Clayton A, Hill AV, Coughlan L. Targeting Antigen to the Surface of EVs Improves the In Vivo Immunogenicity of Human and Non-human Adenoviral Vaccines in Mice. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2020; 16:108-125. [PMID: 31934599 PMCID: PMC6953706 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviral (Ad) vectors represent promising vaccine platforms for infectious disease. To overcome pre-existing immunity to commonly used human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5), vectors based on rare species or non-human Ads are being developed. However, these vectors often exhibit reduced potency compared with Ad5, necessitating the use of innovative approaches to augment the immunogenicity of the encoded antigen (Ag). To achieve this, we engineered model Ag, enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), for targeting to the surface of host-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), namely exosomes. Exosomes are nano-sized EVs that play important roles in cell-to-cell communication and in regulating immune responses. Directed targeting of Ag to the surface of EVs/exosomes is achieved by "exosome display," through fusion of Ag to the C1C2 domain of lactadherin, a protein highly enriched in exosomes. Herein, we engineered chimpanzee adenovirus ChAdOx1 and Ad5-based vaccines encoding EGFP, or EGFP targeted to EVs (EGFP_C1C2), and compared vaccine immunogenicity in mice. We determined that exosome display substantially increases Ag-specific humoral immunity following intramuscular and intranasal vaccination, improving the immunological potency of both ChAdOx1 and Ad5. We propose that this Ag-engineering approach could increase the immunogenicity of diverse Ad vectors that exhibit desirable manufacturing characteristics, but currently lack the potency of Ad5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly M. Bliss
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrea J. Parsons
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Raffael Nachbagauer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Hamilton
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Federica Cappuccini
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Marta Ulaszewska
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jason P. Webber
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 2XN, UK
| | - Aled Clayton
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 2XN, UK
| | - Adrian V.S. Hill
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Lynda Coughlan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, ORCRB Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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Revaud J, Unterfinger Y, Rol N, Suleman M, Shaw J, Galea S, Gavard F, Lacour SA, Coulpier M, Versillé N, Havenga M, Klonjkowski B, Zanella G, Biacchesi S, Cordonnier N, Corthésy B, Ben Arous J, Richardson JP. Firewalls Prevent Systemic Dissemination of Vectors Derived from Human Adenovirus Type 5 and Suppress Production of Transgene-Encoded Antigen in a Murine Model of Oral Vaccination. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:6. [PMID: 29423380 PMCID: PMC5788964 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To define the bottlenecks that restrict antigen expression after oral administration of viral-vectored vaccines, we tracked vectors derived from the human adenovirus type 5 at whole body, tissue, and cellular scales throughout the digestive tract in a murine model of oral delivery. After intragastric administration of vectors encoding firefly luciferase or a model antigen, detectable levels of transgene-encoded protein or mRNA were confined to the intestine, and restricted to delimited anatomical zones. Expression of luciferase in the form of multiple small bioluminescent foci in the distal ileum, cecum, and proximal colon suggested multiple crossing points. Many foci were unassociated with visible Peyer's patches, implying that transduced cells lay in proximity to villous rather than follicle-associated epithelium, as supported by detection of transgene-encoded antigen in villous epithelial cells. Transgene-encoded mRNA but not protein was readily detected in Peyer's patches, suggesting that post-transcriptional regulation of viral gene expression might limit expression of transgene-encoded antigen in this tissue. To characterize the pathways by which the vector crossed the intestinal epithelium and encountered sentinel cells, a fluorescent-labeled vector was administered to mice by the intragastric route or inoculated into ligated intestinal loops comprising a Peyer's patch. The vector adhered selectively to microfold cells in the follicle-associated epithelium, and, after translocation to the subepithelial dome region, was captured by phagocytes that expressed CD11c and lysozyme. In conclusion, although a large number of crossing events took place throughout the intestine within and without Peyer's patches, multiple firewalls prevented systemic dissemination of vector and suppressed production of transgene-encoded protein in Peyer's patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Revaud
- UMR Virologie INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France.,SEPPIC Paris La Défense, Paris, France
| | - Yves Unterfinger
- UMR Virologie INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nicolas Rol
- R&D Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre des Laboratoires d'Epalinges, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Muhammad Suleman
- UMR Virologie INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Julia Shaw
- UMR Virologie INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sandra Galea
- UMR Virologie INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Françoise Gavard
- UMR Virologie INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sandrine A Lacour
- UMR Virologie INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Muriel Coulpier
- UMR Virologie INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | | | - Bernard Klonjkowski
- UMR Virologie INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Gina Zanella
- Anses, Epidemiology Unit, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Nathalie Cordonnier
- UMR Virologie INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Blaise Corthésy
- R&D Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre des Laboratoires d'Epalinges, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Jennifer P Richardson
- UMR Virologie INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
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