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Ren P, Niu D, Chang S, Yu L, Ren J, Ma Y, Lan K. RUNX3 inhibits KSHV lytic replication by binding to the viral genome and repressing transcription. J Virol 2024; 98:e0156723. [PMID: 38197631 PMCID: PMC10878072 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01567-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) belongs to the gamma herpesvirus family, which can cause human malignancies including Kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman's diseases. KSHV typically maintains a persistent latent infection within the host. However, after exposure to intracellular or extracellular stimuli, KSHV lytic replication can be reactivated. The reactivation process of KSHV triggers the innate immune response to limit viral replication. Here, we found that the transcriptional regulator RUNX3 is transcriptionally upregulated by the NF-κB signaling pathway in KSHV-infected SLK cells and B cells during KSHV reactivation. Notably, knockdown of RUNX3 significantly promotes viral lytic replication as well as the gene transcription of KSHV. Consistent with this finding, overexpression of RUNX3 impairs viral lytic replication. Mechanistically, RUNX3 binds to the KSHV genome and limits viral replication through transcriptional repression, which is related to its DNA- and ATP-binding ability. However, KSHV has also evolved corresponding strategies to antagonize this inhibition by using the viral protein RTA to target RUNX3 for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Altogether, our study suggests that RUNX3, a novel host-restriction factor of KSHV that represses the transcription of viral genes, may serve as a potential target to restrict KSHV transmission and disease development.IMPORTANCEThe reactivation of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) from latent infection to lytic replication is important for persistent viral infection and tumorigenicity. However, reactivation is a complex event, and the regulatory mechanisms of this process are not fully elucidated. Our study revealed that the host RUNX3 is upregulated by the NF-κB signaling pathway during KSHV reactivation, which can repress the transcription of KSHV genes. At the late stage of lytic replication, KSHV utilizes a mechanism involving RTA to degrade RUNX3, thus evading host inhibition. This finding helps elucidate the regulatory mechanism of the KSHV life cycle and may provide new clues for the development of therapeutic strategies for KSHV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Danping Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sijia Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junrui Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Ji N, Huang W, Dang H, Xiao H, Shi Y, Guo J, Chen K, Wang J, Zou J. CBFβ is induced by spring viremia of carp virus and promotes virus replication in zebrafish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 147:104751. [PMID: 37268261 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The core binding factor subunit beta (CBFβ) is a transcription factor that forms a complex with virial proteins to promote viral infection. In this study, we identified a CBFβ homolog from zebrafish (zfCBFβ) and characterized the biological activity. The deduced zfCBFβ protein was highly similar to orthologs from other species. The zfcbfβ gene was constitutively expressed in tissues and was induced in immune tissues after infection with spring viremia carp virus (SVCV) and stimulation with poly(I:C). Interestingly, zfcbfβ is not induced by type I interferons. Overexpression of zfcbfβ induced tnfα expression but inhibited isg15 expression. Also, overexpression of zfcbfβ significantly increased SVCV titer in the EPC cells. Co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed that zfCBFβ interacts with SVCV phosphoprotein (SVCVP) and host p53, resulting in the increased stability of zfCBFβ. Our results provide evidence that CBFβ is targeted by virus to suppress host antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ji
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wenji Huang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Huifeng Dang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hehe Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yanjie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jiahong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Kangyong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Junya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China.
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Raby KL, Michaeloudes C, Tonkin J, Chung KF, Bhavsar PK. Mechanisms of airway epithelial injury and abnormal repair in asthma and COPD. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1201658. [PMID: 37520564 PMCID: PMC10374037 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1201658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium comprises of different cell types and acts as a physical barrier preventing pathogens, including inhaled particles and microbes, from entering the lungs. Goblet cells and submucosal glands produce mucus that traps pathogens, which are expelled from the respiratory tract by ciliated cells. Basal cells act as progenitor cells, differentiating into different epithelial cell types, to maintain homeostasis following injury. Adherens and tight junctions between cells maintain the epithelial barrier function and regulate the movement of molecules across it. In this review we discuss how abnormal epithelial structure and function, caused by chronic injury and abnormal repair, drives airway disease and specifically asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In both diseases, inhaled allergens, pollutants and microbes disrupt junctional complexes and promote cell death, impairing the barrier function and leading to increased penetration of pathogens and a constant airway immune response. In asthma, the inflammatory response precipitates the epithelial injury and drives abnormal basal cell differentiation. This leads to reduced ciliated cells, goblet cell hyperplasia and increased epithelial mesenchymal transition, which contribute to impaired mucociliary clearance and airway remodelling. In COPD, chronic oxidative stress and inflammation trigger premature epithelial cell senescence, which contributes to loss of epithelial integrity and airway inflammation and remodelling. Increased numbers of basal cells showing deregulated differentiation, contributes to ciliary dysfunction and mucous hyperproduction in COPD airways. Defective antioxidant, antiviral and damage repair mechanisms, possibly due to genetic or epigenetic factors, may confer susceptibility to airway epithelial dysfunction in these diseases. The current evidence suggests that a constant cycle of injury and abnormal repair of the epithelium drives chronic airway inflammation and remodelling in asthma and COPD. Mechanistic understanding of injury susceptibility and damage response may lead to improved therapies for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Louise Raby
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - James Tonkin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pankaj Kumar Bhavsar
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Kim H, Ahn HS, Hwang N, Huh Y, Bu S, Seo KJ, Kwon SH, Lee HK, Kim JW, Yoon BK, Fang S. Epigenomic landscape exhibits interferon signaling suppression in the patient of myocarditis after BNT162b2 vaccination. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8926. [PMID: 37264110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
After the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, a novel mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2) was developed at an unprecedented speed. Although most countries have achieved widespread immunity from vaccines and infections, yet people, even who have recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, are recommended to receive vaccination due to their effectiveness in lowering the risk of recurrent infection. However, the BNT162b2 vaccine has been reported to increase the risk of myocarditis. To our knowledge, for the first time in this study, we tracked changes in the chromatin dynamics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the patient who underwent myocarditis after BNT162b2 vaccination. A longitudinal study of chromatin accessibility using concurrent analysis of single-cell assays for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing showed downregulation of interferon signaling and upregulated RUNX2/3 activity in PBMCs. Considering BNT162b2 vaccination increases the level of interferon-α/γ in serum, our data highlight the immune responses different from the conventional responses to the vaccination, which is possibly the key to understanding the side effects of BNT162b2 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonhui Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Hyo-Suk Ahn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, 06591, Korea
- Catholic Research Institute for Intractable Cardiovascular Disease (CRID), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Nahee Hwang
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Yune Huh
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seonghyeon Bu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, 06591, Korea
- Catholic Research Institute for Intractable Cardiovascular Disease (CRID), College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Seo
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Hwan Kwon
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae-Kyung Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| | - Sungsoon Fang
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
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Bao N, Cheng L, Wang Y, Peng Z, Wang Z, Chen S. Protein-protein interactions between RUNX3 and ZEB1 in chronic lung injury induced by methamphetamine abuse. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1025922. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1025922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is the most common and highly addictive substance abuse drug. Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) and Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) are associated with lung inflammation and fibrosis. However, the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between RUNX3 and ZEB1 and its involvement in MA-induced chronic lung injury is still unclear. In this study, we evaluated lung injury using echocardiography, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and western blot analysis. The viability of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) was assessed using cell counting kit-8. Molecular Operating Environment software, Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins database, co-immunoprecipitation, assay and confocal immunofluorescence assay were used to predict and identify the PPIs between RUNX3 and ZEB1. The expression of RUNX3 and ZEB1 were knockdown in AECs using siRNA. The results revealed that MA exposure increased the peak blood flow velocity of the pulmonary artery and the acceleration time of pulmonary artery blood flow. Further, exposure to MA also causes adhesion and fusion of the alveolar walls and altered AEC activity. A decrease in the expression of RUNX3 and an increase in the expression of ZEB1 and its downstream signaling molecules were observed on MA exposure. The PPIs between RUNX3 and ZEB1 were identified. Further, an increase in the protein binding rate of RUNX3-ZEB1 was observed in MA-induced lung injury. These results show interactions between RUNX3 and ZEB1. RUNX3 protects against lung injury; however, ZEB1 expression and the PPIs between ZEB1 and RUNX3 has deleterious effects on chronic lung injury induced by MA exposure. Our results provide a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of chronic lung injury due to MA exposure.
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Hao Q, Kundu S, Shetty S, Tucker TA, Idell S, Tang H. Inducible general knockout of Runx3 profoundly reduces pulmonary cytotoxic CD8+ T cells with minimal effect on outcomes in mice following influenza infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1011922. [PMID: 36275778 PMCID: PMC9586250 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1011922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses pose a continuing and substantive threat to human health globally. Host innate and adaptive immune responses are the critical antiviral defense mechanisms to control viral replication and spread. The present study is designed to determine the role of transcription factor Runx3 in the host immune response to influenza A virus (IAV) infection. As Runx3 is required for embryonic development, we generated an inducible Runx3 global knockout (KO) mouse model and found that Runx3 KO in adult C57BL/6 mice minimally affected thymic function under normal conditions and survival was at least 250 days post Runx3 deletion. We applied the mouse model to IAV infection and found that Runx3 KO resulted in a huge reduction (>85%) in numbers of total and antigen-specific pulmonary CD8+ cytotoxic T cells during IAV infection, while it had a minor effect on pulmonary generation of CD4+ T cells. To our surprise, this general KO of Runx3 did not significantly alter viral clearance and animal survival following IAV infection. Interestingly, we found that Runx3 KO significantly increased the numbers of pulmonary innate immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines during IAV infection. We further found that Runx3 was strongly detected in CCR2+ immune cells in IAV-infected mouse lungs and was induced in activated macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). As pulmonary CD8+ cytotoxic T cells play a central role in the clearance of IAV, our findings suggest that Runx3 KO may enhance host innate immunity to compensate for the loss of pulmonary CD8+ cytotoxic T cells during IAV infection.
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Huang J, Liu X, Sun Y, Huang C, Wang A, Xu J, Zhou H, Li L, Zhou R. Porcine β-defensin 2 confers enhanced resistance to swine flu infection in transgenic pigs and alleviates swine influenza virus-induced apoptosis possibly through interacting with host SLC25A4. Antiviral Res 2022; 201:105292. [PMID: 35341807 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Swine influenza virus (SIV) not only brings about great economic losses on the global pig industry, it also poses a significant threat to the public health for its interspecies transmission capacity. Porcine β-defensin 2 (PBD-2) is a host defense peptide and our previous study has shown that PBD-2 inhibits proliferation of enveloped pseudorabies virus both in vitro and in transgenic (TG) mice. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible anti-SIV ability of PBD-2 in a TG pig model created in our previous study. The in-contact challenge trial demonstrated that overexpression of PBD-2 in pigs could efficiently alleviate SIV-associated clinical signs. The SIV titers quantified by EID50 in lung tissues of infected TG pigs were significantly lower than that of wild-type littermates. In vitro, the cell viability assay revealed that PBD-2 mainly interfered with viral entry and post-infection stages. It was further confirmed that PBD-2 could enter porcine tracheal epithelial cells. The proteins interacting with PBD-2 inside host cells were identified with immunoprecipitation and the pathways involved were analyzed. Results showed that PBD-2 could interact with pro-apoptotic solute carrier family 25 member 4 (SLC25A4), also known as adenine nucleotide translocase 1, and thereby inhibited SIV-induced cell apoptosis. The molecular docking analysis suggested that PBD-2 interacted with porcine SLC25A4 mainly through strong hydrogen binding, with the predicted binding affinity being -13.23 kcal/mol. Altogether, these indicate that PBD-2 protects pigs against SIV infection, which may result from its role as a SLC25A4 blocker to alleviate cell apoptosis, providing a novel therapeutic and prophylactic strategy of using PBD-2 to combat SIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Wuhan, 430070, China; Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yufan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Antian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiajia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Hu Y, Pan Q, Zhou K, Ling Y, Wang H, Li Y. RUNX1 inhibits the antiviral immune response against influenza A virus through attenuating type I interferon signaling. Virol J 2022; 19:39. [PMID: 35248104 PMCID: PMC8897766 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01764-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are zoonotic, segmented negative-stranded RNA viruses. The rapid mutation of IAVs results in host immune response escape and antiviral drug and vaccine resistance. RUNX1 is a transcription factor that not only plays essential roles in hematopoiesis, but also functions as a regulator in inflammation. However, its role in the innate immunity to IAV infection has not been well studied. Methods To investigate the effects of RUNX1 on IAV infection and explore the mechanisms that RUNX1 uses during IAV infection. We infected the human alveolar epithelial cell line (A549) with influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) (PR8) and examined RUNX1 expression by Western blot and qRT-PCR. We also knocked down or overexpressed RUNX1 in A549 cells, then evaluated viral replication by Western blot, qRT-PCR, and viral titration. Results We found RUNX1 expression is induced by IAV H1N1 PR8 infection, but not by poly(I:C) treatment, in the human alveolar epithelial cell line A549. Knockdown of RUNX1 significantly inhibited IAV infection. Conversely, overexpression of RUNX1 efficiently promoted production of progeny viruses. Additionally, RUNX1 knockdown increased IFN-β and ISGs production while RUNX1 overexpression compromised IFN-β and ISGs production upon PR8 infection in A549 cells. We further showed that RUNX1 may attenuate the interferon signaling transduction by hampering the expression of IRF3 and STAT1 during IAV infection. Conclusions Taken together, we found RUNX1 attenuates type I interferon signaling to facilitate IAV infection in A549 cells.
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Khan H, Winstone H, Jimenez-Guardeño JM, Graham C, Doores KJ, Goujon C, Matthews DA, Davidson AD, Rihn SJ, Palmarini M, Neil SJD, Malim MH. TMPRSS2 promotes SARS-CoV-2 evasion from NCOA7-mediated restriction. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009820. [PMID: 34807954 PMCID: PMC8648102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons play a critical role in regulating host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, but the interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene (ISG) effectors that inhibit SARS-CoV-2 are not well characterized. The IFN-inducible short isoform of human nuclear receptor coactivator 7 (NCOA7) inhibits endocytic virus entry, interacts with the vacuolar ATPase, and promotes endo-lysosomal vesicle acidification and lysosomal protease activity. Here, we used ectopic expression and gene knockout to demonstrate that NCOA7 inhibits infection by SARS-CoV-2 as well as by lentivirus particles pseudotyped with SARS-CoV-2 Spike in lung epithelial cells. Infection with the highly pathogenic, SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV, or seasonal, HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63, coronavirus Spike-pseudotyped viruses was also inhibited by NCOA7. Importantly, either overexpression of TMPRSS2, which promotes plasma membrane fusion versus endosomal fusion of SARS-CoV-2, or removal of Spike's polybasic furin cleavage site rendered SARS-CoV-2 less sensitive to NCOA7 restriction. Collectively, our data indicate that furin cleavage sensitizes SARS-CoV-2 Spike to the antiviral consequences of endosomal acidification by NCOA7, and suggest that the acquisition of furin cleavage may have favoured the co-option of cell surface TMPRSS proteases as a strategy to evade the suppressive effects of IFN-induced endo-lysosomal dysregulation on virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hataf Khan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helena Winstone
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jose M. Jimenez-Guardeño
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Graham
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie J. Doores
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - David A. Matthews
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Davidson
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Suzannah J. Rihn
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Palmarini
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J. D. Neil
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael H. Malim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Daemi HB, Kulyar MFEA, He X, Li C, Karimpour M, Sun X, Zou Z, Jin M. Progression and Trends in Virus from Influenza A to COVID-19: An Overview of Recent Studies. Viruses 2021; 13:1145. [PMID: 34203647 PMCID: PMC8232279 DOI: 10.3390/v13061145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a highly known contagious viral infection that has been responsible for the death of many people in history with pandemics. These pandemics have been occurring every 10 to 30 years in the last century. The most recent global pandemic prior to COVID-19 was the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic. A decade ago, the H1N1 virus caused 12,500 deaths in just 19 months globally. Now, again, the world has been challenged with another pandemic. Since December 2019, the first case of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection was detected in Wuhan. This infection has risen rapidly throughout the world; even the World Health Organization (WHO) announced COVID-19 as a worldwide emergency to ensure human health and public safety. This review article aims to discuss important issues relating to COVID-19, including clinical, epidemiological, and pathological features of COVID-19 and recent progress in diagnosis and treatment approaches for the COVID-19 infection. We also highlight key similarities and differences between COVID-19 and influenza A to ensure the theoretical and practical details of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakimeh Baghaei Daemi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.B.D.); (X.H.); (C.L.); (X.S.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | | | - Xinlin He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.B.D.); (X.H.); (C.L.); (X.S.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.B.D.); (X.H.); (C.L.); (X.S.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Morteza Karimpour
- Department of Biology, Azad University of Rasht, Rasht 4147654919, Iran;
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.B.D.); (X.H.); (C.L.); (X.S.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.B.D.); (X.H.); (C.L.); (X.S.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Meilin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.B.D.); (X.H.); (C.L.); (X.S.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
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11
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Parra-Izquierdo I, Sánchez-Bayuela T, Castaños-Mollor I, López J, Gómez C, San Román JA, Sánchez Crespo M, García-Rodríguez C. Clinically used JAK inhibitor blunts dsRNA-induced inflammation and calcification in aortic valve interstitial cells. FEBS J 2021; 288:6528-6542. [PMID: 34009721 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most prevalent valvulopathy worldwide. Growing evidence supports a role for viral and cell-derived double-stranded (ds)-RNA in cardiovascular pathophysiology. Poly(I:C), a dsRNA surrogate, has been shown to induce inflammation, type I interferon (IFN) responses, and osteogenesis through Toll-like receptor 3 in aortic valve interstitial cells (VIC). Here, we aimed to determine whether IFN signaling via Janus kinase (JAK)/Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) mediates dsRNA-induced responses in primary human VIC. Western blot, ELISA, qPCR, calcification, flow cytometry, and enzymatic assays were performed to evaluate the mechanisms of dsRNA-induced inflammation and calcification. Poly(I:C) triggered a type I IFN response characterized by IFN-regulatory factors gene upregulation, IFN-β secretion, and STAT1 activation. Additionally, Poly(I:C) promoted VIC inflammation via NF-κB and subsequent adhesion molecule expression, and cytokine secretion. Pretreatment with ruxolitinib, a clinically used JAK inhibitor, abrogated these responses. Moreover, Poly(I:C) promoted a pro-osteogenic phenotype and increased VIC calcification to a higher extent in cells from males. Inhibition of JAK with ruxolitinib or a type I IFN receptor blocking antibody blunted Poly(I:C)-induced calcification. Mechanistically, Poly(I:C) promoted VIC apoptosis in calcification medium, which was inhibited by ruxolitinib. Moreover, Poly(I:C) co-operated with IFN-γ to increase VIC calcification by synergistically activating extracellular signal-regulated kinases and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α pathways. In conclusion, JAK/STAT signaling mediates dsRNA-triggered inflammation, apoptosis, and calcification and may contribute to a positive autocrine loop in human VIC in the presence of IFN-γ. Blockade of dsRNA responses with JAK inhibitors may be a promising therapeutic avenue for CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Parra-Izquierdo
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Spain
| | - Tania Sánchez-Bayuela
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Spain
| | - Irene Castaños-Mollor
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier López
- ICICOR, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Gómez
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Spain
| | - J Alberto San Román
- ICICOR, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Sánchez Crespo
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carmen García-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
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12
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Zhu L, Yang P, Zhao Y, Zhuang Z, Wang Z, Song R, Zhang J, Liu C, Gao Q, Xu Q, Wei X, Sun HX, Ye B, Wu Y, Zhang N, Lei G, Yu L, Yan J, Diao G, Meng F, Bai C, Mao P, Yu Y, Wang M, Yuan Y, Deng Q, Li Z, Huang Y, Hu G, Liu Y, Wang X, Xu Z, Liu P, Bi Y, Shi Y, Zhang S, Chen Z, Wang J, Xu X, Wu G, Wang FS, Gao GF, Liu L, Liu WJ. Single-Cell Sequencing of Peripheral Mononuclear Cells Reveals Distinct Immune Response Landscapes of COVID-19 and Influenza Patients. Immunity 2020; 53:685-696.e3. [PMID: 32783921 PMCID: PMC7368915 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a current world-wide public health threat. However, little is known about its hallmarks compared to other infectious diseases. Here, we report the single-cell transcriptional landscape of longitudinally collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in both COVID-19- and influenza A virus (IAV)-infected patients. We observed increase of plasma cells in both COVID-19 and IAV patients and XIAP associated factor 1 (XAF1)-, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-, and FAS-induced T cell apoptosis in COVID-19 patients. Further analyses revealed distinct signaling pathways activated in COVID-19 (STAT1 and IRF3) versus IAV (STAT3 and NFκB) patients and substantial differences in the expression of key factors. These factors include relatively increase of interleukin (IL)6R and IL6ST expression in COVID-19 patients but similarly increased IL-6 concentrations compared to IAV patients, supporting the clinical observations of increased proinflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 patients. Thus, we provide the landscape of PBMCs and unveil distinct immune response pathways in COVID-19 and IAV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnan Zhu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120 Shenzhen, China
| | - Penghui Yang
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Yingze Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Zhenkun Zhuang
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120 Shenzhen, China; School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Rui Song
- Center of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100015 Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Qumiao Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wei
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518083 Shenzhen, China
| | - Hai-Xi Sun
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120 Shenzhen, China
| | - Beiwei Ye
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Guanglin Lei
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Lingxiang Yu
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Guanghao Diao
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Fanping Meng
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Changqing Bai
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Panyong Mao
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Yeya Yu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Yue Yuan
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518083 Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiuting Deng
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518083 Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shanxi, China
| | - Yunting Huang
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120 Shenzhen, China
| | - Guohai Hu
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120 Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518083 Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; BGI-GenoImmune, BGI-Shenzhen, 4300794 Wuhan, China
| | - Ziqian Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Yuhai Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Yi Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Shaogeng Zhang
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Zhihai Chen
- Center of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100015 Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120 Shenzhen, China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120 Shenzhen, China
| | - Guizhen Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 100039 Beijing, China.
| | - George F Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China.
| | - Longqi Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, 518103 Shenzhen, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518120 Shenzhen, China.
| | - William J Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 102206 Beijing, China.
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13
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Gaur P, Kumar P, Sharma A, Lal SK. AML1 protein interacts with influenza A virus neuraminidase and upregulates IFN-β response in infected mammalian cells. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 70:252-258. [PMID: 31990997 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Neuraminidase (NA) is an integral membrane protein of influenza A virus (IAV) and primarily aids in the release of progeny virions, following the intracellular viral replication cycle. In an attempt to discover new functions of NA, we conducted a classical yeast two-hybrid screen and found acute myeloid leukaemia marker 1 (AML1) as a novel interacting partner of IAV-NA. The interaction was further validated by co-immunoprecipitation in IAV-infected cells and in an in vitro coupled transcription/translation system. Interestingly, we found an increase in the expression of AML1 upon IAV infection in a dose-dependent manner. As expected, we also observed an increase in the IFN-β levels, the first line of defence against viral infections. Subsequently, when AML1 was downregulated using siRNA, the IFN-β levels were found to be remarkably reduced. Our study also shows that AML1 is induced upon IAV infection and results in the induction of IFN-β. Thus, AML1 is proposed to be an important player in IFN induction and has a role in an antiviral response against IAV infection. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Influenza epidemics and pandemics are constant threats to human health. Development of antiviral therapeutics has focused on important and major IAV proteins as targets. However, the rate at which this virus mutates makes the task challenging. Thus, next-generation approaches aim at host cellular proteins that aid the virus in its replication. This study reports a new host-virus interaction, of acute myeloid leukaemia marker 1 (AML1) with influenza A neuraminidase (IAV-NA). We have found that this interaction has a direct effect on the upregulation of host IFN-β response. Further studies may lead to a greater understanding of this new innate defence pathway in infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gaur
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - P Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India.,Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - A Sharma
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, The Institute for Medical Research - Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S K Lal
- Department of Biotechnology, Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India.,Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.,School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor DE, Malaysia
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14
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Wang Y, Hao Q, Florence JM, Jung BG, Kurdowska AK, Samten B, Idell S, Tang H. Influenza Virus Infection Induces ZBP1 Expression and Necroptosis in Mouse Lungs. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:286. [PMID: 31440477 PMCID: PMC6694206 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death and especially necroptosis, a programmed and regulated form of necrosis, have been recently implicated in the progression and outcomes of influenza in mouse models. Moreover, Z-DNA/RNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1) has been identified as a key signaling molecule for necroptosis induced by Influenza A virus (IAV). Direct evidence of IAV-induced necroptosis has not been shown in infected lungs in vivo. It is also unclear as to what cell types undergo necroptosis during pulmonary IAV infection and whether ZBP1 expression can be regulated by inflammatory mediators. In this study, we found that IAV infection induced ZBP1 expression in mouse lungs. We identified that mediators implicated in the pathogenesis of IAV infection including interferons (IFNs), TNFα, and agonists for Toll-like receptors 3 and 4 were potent inducers of ZBP1 expression in primary murine alveolar epithelial cells, bone marrow derived macrophages, and dendritic cells. We further found that IAV infection induced a strong necroptosis through phosphorylation of the necroptosis effector mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein in infiltrating immune cells and alveolar epithelial cells by day 7 post-infection. Lastly, we found different cell type-specific responses to IAV-induced cell death upon inhibition of caspases and/or necroptosis pathways. Our findings provide direct evidence that IAV infection induces necroptosis in mouse lungs, which may involve local induction of ZBP1 and different programmed cell death signaling mechanisms in alveolar epithelial and infiltrating inflammatory cells in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Qin Hao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Jon M Florence
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Bock-Gie Jung
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Anna K Kurdowska
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Buka Samten
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Steven Idell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States.,Texas Lung Injury Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
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15
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Kim BR, Park SH, Jeong YA, Na YJ, Kim JL, Jo MJ, Jeong S, Yun HK, Oh SC, Lee DH. RUNX3 enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis by upregulating DR5 in colorectal cancer. Oncogene 2019; 38:3903-3918. [PMID: 30692634 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0693-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RUNX3 is frequently inactivated by DNA hypermethylation in numerous cancers. Here, we show that RUNX3 has an important role in modulating apoptosis in immediate response to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-including ligand (TRAIL). Importantly, no combined effect of TRAIL and RUNX3 was observed in non-cancerous cells. We investigated the expression of the death receptors (DRs) DR4 and DR5, which are related to TRAIL resistance. Overexpression of RUNX3 increased DR5 expression via induction of the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-effector CHOP. Reduction of DR5 markedly decreased apoptosis enhanced by the combined therapy of TRAIL and RUNX3. Interestingly, RUNX3 induced reactive oxygen species production by inhibiting SOD3 transcription via binding to the Superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) promoter. Additionally, the combined effect of TRAIL and RUNX3 decreased tumor growth in xenograft models. Our results demonstrate a direct role for RUNX3 in TRAIL-induced apoptosis via activation of DR5 and provide further support for RUNX3 as an anti-tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ram Kim
- Department of Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hye Park
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon A Jeong
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Na
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Lim Kim
- Department of Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jee Jo
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jeong
- Department of Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Kyeong Yun
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Cheul Oh
- Department of Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae-Hee Lee
- Department of Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Vangeti S, Yu M, Smed-Sörensen A. Respiratory Mononuclear Phagocytes in Human Influenza A Virus Infection: Their Role in Immune Protection and As Targets of the Virus. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1521. [PMID: 30018617 PMCID: PMC6037688 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging viruses have become increasingly important with recurrent epidemics. Influenza A virus (IAV), a respiratory virus displaying continuous re-emergence, contributes significantly to global morbidity and mortality, especially in young children, immunocompromised, and elderly people. IAV infection is typically confined to the airways and the virus replicates in respiratory epithelial cells but can also infect resident immune cells. Clearance of infection requires virus-specific adaptive immune responses that depend on early and efficient innate immune responses against IAV. Mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs), comprising monocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages, have common but also unique features. In addition to being professional antigen-presenting cells, MNPs mediate leukocyte recruitment, sense and phagocytose pathogens, regulate inflammation, and shape immune responses. The immune protection mediated by MNPs can be compromised during IAV infection when the cells are also targeted by the virus, leading to impaired cytokine responses and altered interactions with other immune cells. Furthermore, it is becoming increasingly clear that immune cells differ depending on their anatomical location and that it is important to study them where they are expected to exert their function. Defining tissue-resident MNP distribution, phenotype, and function during acute and convalescent human IAV infection can offer valuable insights into understanding how MNPs maintain the fine balance required to protect against infections that the cells are themselves susceptible to. In this review, we delineate the role of MNPs in the human respiratory tract during IAV infection both in mediating immune protection and as targets of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu Vangeti
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meng Yu
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Smed-Sörensen
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Yi-Qi-Ping-Chuan-Fang Reduces TSLP Elevation Caused by LPS + Poly(I:C) via Inhibiting TLR4/MYD88/NF- κB Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:3209407. [PMID: 29250125 PMCID: PMC5700476 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3209407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective To explore the correlation between Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) and the Nuclear Factor- (NF-) κB signaling pathways in bronchial epithelial cells and to clarify whether the traditional Chinese medicine formula Yi-Qi-Ping-Chuan-Fang (YQPC) reduces inflammation by inhibiting TSLP/NF-κB signaling pathways. Methods Cells were stimulated with LPS + Poly(I:C) and treated with YQPC. The expressions of TSLP and NF-κB signaling pathways related proteins P65, IκK, IκBa, P-P65, P-IκK, P-IκBa were detected. The effects of NF-κB upstream molecules, Toll-like receptors 3 and 4, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (Myd88), TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF), and downstream inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, were assessed. Results The mRNA and protein expressions of TSLP were significantly increased after LPS + Poly(I:C) stimulation, the total protein IκBa and IκK decreased (P < 0.05), and the phosphorylated protein P-P65, P-IκK, and P-IκBα increased. After YQPC treatment, the expression of TSLP, P-P65, P-IκBa, and P-IκK was significantly inhibited (P < 0.05). The activation of TLR4 and MyD88 decreased, and release of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α reduced (P < 0.05). Conclusion In summary, the expression of TSLP is activated by the NF-κB signaling pathway. YQPC alleviated inflammation by inhibiting TSLP through regulating the NF-κB activation and translocation.
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Zhu Y, Wang J, Meng X, Xie H, Tan J, Guo X, Han P, Wang R. A positive feedback loop promotes HIF-1α stability through miR-210-mediated suppression of RUNX3 in paraquat-induced EMT. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:3529-3539. [PMID: 28699703 PMCID: PMC5706527 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irreversible pulmonary fibrosis induced by paraquat (PQ) poisoning is the major cause of death in patients with PQ poisoning. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is postulated to be one of the main mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we investigated the role of miR‐210 in PQ‐induced EMT and its relationship with hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α). Western blotting, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation and other methods were used in this study. We found that miR‐210 expression was significantly increased after PQ poisoning, and it may be regulated by HIF‐1α. Overexpression of miR‐210 further increased the HIF‐1α protein level and promoted EMT. Moreover, miR‐210 knock‐down reduced the HIF‐1α protein level and decreased the degree of EMT. Runt‐related transcription factor‐3 (RUNX3), a direct target of miR‐210, was inhibited by miR‐210 in response to PQ poisoning. RUNX3 increased the hydroxylation ability of prolyl hydroxylase domain‐containing protein 2 (PHD2), a key enzyme that promotes HIF‐1α degradation. PHD2 immunoprecipitated with RUNX3 and its level changed similarly to that of RUNX3. The expression of the HIF‐1α protein was significantly reduced when RUNX3 was overexpressed. HIF‐1α protein levels were markedly increased when RUNX3 was silenced. Based on these results, a positive feedback loop may exist between miR‐210 and HIF‐1α. The mechanism may function through miR‐210‐mediated repression of RUNX3, which further decreases the hydroxylation activity of PHD2, enhances the stability of HIF‐1α, and promotes PQ‐induced EMT, aggravating the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. This study further elucidates the mechanism of PQ‐induced pulmonary fibrosis and may provide a new perspective for the future development of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiuting Tan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinkun Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Han
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruilan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Gan H, Hao Q, Idell S, Tang H. Interferon-γ promotes double-stranded RNA-induced TLR3-dependent apoptosis via upregulation of transcription factor Runx3 in airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L1101-L1112. [PMID: 27793801 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00278.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral respiratory tract infections are the most common illness in humans. Infection of the respiratory viruses results in accumulation of viral replicative double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which is one of the important components of infecting viruses for the induction of lung epithelial cell apoptosis and innate immune response, including the production of interferon (IFN). In the present study, we have investigated the regulation of dsRNA-induced airway epithelial cell apoptosis by IFN. We found that transcription factor Runx3 was strongly induced by type-II IFNγ, slightly by type-III IFNλ, but essentially not by type-I IFNα in airway epithelial cells. IFNγ-induced expression of Runx3 was predominantly mediated by JAK-STAT1 pathway and partially by NF-κB pathway. Interestingly, Runx3 can be synergistically induced by IFNγ with a synthetic analog of viral dsRNA polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) through both JAK-STAT1 and NF-κB pathways. We further found that dsRNA poly(I:C)-induced apoptosis of airway epithelial cells was mediated by dsRNA receptor toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and was markedly augmented by IFNγ through the enhanced expression of TLR3 and subsequent activation of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. Last, we demonstrated that upregulation of Runx3 by IFNγ promoted TLR3 expression, thus amplifying the dsRNA-induced apoptosis in airway epithelial cells. These novel findings indicate that IFNγ promotes dsRNA-induced TLR3-dependent apoptosis via upregulation of transcription factor Runx3 in airway epithelial cells. Findings from our study may provide new insights into the regulation of airway epithelial cell apoptosis by IFNγ during viral respiratory tract infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huachen Gan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas; and
| | - Qin Hao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas; and
| | - Steven Idell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas; and.,Texas Lung Injury Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas; and
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Alveolar Type II Epithelial Cells Contribute to the Anti-Influenza A Virus Response in the Lung by Integrating Pathogen- and Microenvironment-Derived Signals. mBio 2016; 7:mBio.00276-16. [PMID: 27143386 PMCID: PMC4959657 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00276-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) periodically causes substantial morbidity and mortality in the human population. In the lower lung, the primary targets for IAV replication are type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECII), which are increasingly recognized for their immunological potential. So far, little is known about their reaction to IAV and their contribution to respiratory antiviral immunity in vivo. Therefore, we characterized the AECII response during early IAV infection by analyzing transcriptional regulation in cells sorted from the lungs of infected mice. We detected rapid and extensive regulation of gene expression in AECII following in vivo IAV infection. The comparison to transcriptional regulation in lung tissue revealed a strong contribution of AECII to the respiratory response. IAV infection triggered the expression of a plethora of antiviral factors and immune mediators in AECII with a high prevalence for interferon-stimulated genes. Functional pathway analyses revealed high activity in pathogen recognition, immune cell recruitment, and antigen presentation. Ultimately, our analyses of transcriptional regulation in AECII and lung tissue as well as interferon I/III levels and cell recruitment indicated AECII to integrate signals provided by direct pathogen recognition and surrounding cells. Ex vivo analysis of AECII proved a powerful tool to increase our understanding of their role in respiratory immune responses, and our results clearly show that AECII need to be considered a part of the surveillance and effector system of the lower respiratory tract. In order to confront the health hazard posed by IAV, we need to complete our understanding of its pathogenesis. AECII are primary targets for IAV replication in the lung, and while we are beginning to understand their importance for respiratory immunity, the in vivo AECII response during IAV infection has not been analyzed. In contrast to studies addressing the response of AECII infected with IAV ex vivo, we have performed detailed gene transcriptional profiling of AECII isolated from the lungs of infected mice. Thereby, we have identified an exceptionally rapid and versatile response to IAV infection that is shaped by pathogen-derived as well as microenvironment-derived signals and aims at the induction of antiviral measures and the recruitment and activation of immune cells. In conclusion, our study presents AECII as active players in antiviral defense in vivo that need to be considered part of the sentinel and effector immune system of the lung.
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