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Yang Z, Lu Y, Li T, Zhou X, Yang J, Yang S, Bu S, Duan Y. Osmanthus fragrans Flavonoid Extract Inhibits Adipogenesis and Induces Beiging in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Foods 2024; 13:1894. [PMID: 38928836 PMCID: PMC11202805 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Osmanthus fragrans has a long history of cultivation in Asia and is widely used in food production for its unique aroma, which has important cultural and economic values. It is rich in flavonoids with diverse pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-tumor, and anti-lipid activities. However, little is known regarding the effects of Osmanthus fragrans flavonoid extract (OFFE) on adipogenesis and pre-adipocyte transdifferentiation. Herein, this research aimed to investigate the effect of OFFE on the differentiation, adipogenesis, and beiging of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Results showed that OFFE inhibited adipogenesis, reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species levels in mature adipocytes, and promoted mitochondrial biogenesis as well as beiging/browning in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This effect was accompanied by increased mRNA and protein levels of the brown adipose-specific marker gene Pgc-1a, and the upregulation of the expression of UCP1, Cox7A1, and Cox8B. Moreover, the research observed a dose-dependent reduction in the mRNA expression of adipogenic genes (C/EBPα, GLUT-4, SREBP-1C, and FASN) with increasing concentrations of OFFE. Additionally, OFFE activated the AMPK signaling pathway to inhibit adipogenesis. These findings elucidate that OFFE has an inhibitory effect on adipogenesis and promotes browning in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which lays the foundation for further investigation of the lipid-lowering mechanism of OFFE in vivo in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Yang
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (S.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yuxin Lu
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (S.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineer, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Xunyong Zhou
- HC Enzyme (Shenzhen) Biotech. Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518112, China;
| | - Jia Yang
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (S.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Shuwen Yang
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (S.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Su Bu
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (S.Y.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yifan Duan
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.Y.); (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (S.Y.); (Y.D.)
- International Cultivar Registration Center for Osmanthus, Nanjing 210037, China
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Laouani A, Nasrallah H, Sassi A, Ferdousi F, Kalai FZ, Hasni Y, Isoda H, Saguem S. Antiobesity and Hypolipidemic Potential of Nitraria retusa Extract in Overweight/Obese Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:317. [PMID: 38276555 PMCID: PMC10818277 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the efficacy of Nitraria retusa extract (NRE) in reducing weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat composition (BF), and anthropometric parameters among overweight/obese women, comparing the results with those of a placebo group. Overweight/obese individuals participated in a 12-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Body weight, BMI, body composition, and anthropometric parameters were assessed. Additionally, lipid profile and safety evaluation parameters were evaluated. Compared to the placebo group, the NRE group exhibited a mean weight loss difference of 2.27 kg (p < 0.001) at the trial's conclusion. Interestingly, the most significant weight reduction, amounting to 3.34 kg ± 0.93, was observed in younger participants with a BMI > 30.0. Similarly, BMI and BF% significantly decreased in the NRE group, contrary to the placebo group (p = 0.008 and p = 0.005, respectively). The percentage of body water (BW) (p = 0.006) as well as the ratio of LBM/BF (p = 0.039) showed a significant increase after the NRE intervention compared to the placebo. After age adjustment, all variables, except LBM/BF, retained statistical significance. Additionally, all anthropometric parameters were significantly reduced only in the NRE group. Most importantly, a significant reduction in Triglyceride (TG) levels in the NRE group was revealed, in contrast to the placebo group (p = 0.011), and the significance was still observed after age adjustment (p = 0.016). No side effects or adverse changes in kidney and liver function tests were observed in both groups. In conclusion, NRE demonstrated potent antiobesity effects, suggesting that NRE supplementation may represent an effective alternative for treating obesity compared to antiobesity synthetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aicha Laouani
- Laboratory of Metabolic Biophysics and Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse 4002, Tunisia; (A.L.); (H.N.); (A.S.)
- USCR Analytical Platform UHPLC-MS & Research in Medicine and Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse 4023, Tunisia
| | - Hana Nasrallah
- Laboratory of Metabolic Biophysics and Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse 4002, Tunisia; (A.L.); (H.N.); (A.S.)
- USCR Analytical Platform UHPLC-MS & Research in Medicine and Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse 4023, Tunisia
| | - Awatef Sassi
- Laboratory of Metabolic Biophysics and Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse 4002, Tunisia; (A.L.); (H.N.); (A.S.)
- USCR Analytical Platform UHPLC-MS & Research in Medicine and Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse 4023, Tunisia
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan;
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan;
| | - Feten Zar Kalai
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan;
- Japan Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology, Technopark of Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif, Tunis 2050, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Hasni
- Endocrinology-Diabetology Department, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse 4003, Tunisia;
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan;
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan;
- Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Saad Saguem
- Laboratory of Metabolic Biophysics and Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse 4002, Tunisia; (A.L.); (H.N.); (A.S.)
- USCR Analytical Platform UHPLC-MS & Research in Medicine and Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse 4023, Tunisia
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Lin X, Qu J, Yin L, Wang R, Wang X. Aerobic exercise-induced decrease of chemerin improved glucose and lipid metabolism and fatty liver of diabetes mice through key metabolism enzymes and proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159409. [PMID: 37871796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have implicated an important role of adipokine chemerin in exercise-induced improvements of glycolipid metabolism and fatty liver in diabetes rat, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This study first used an exogenous chemerin supplement to clarify the roles of decreased chemerin in exercised diabetes mice and possible mechanisms of glucose and lipid metabolism key enzymes and proteins [such as adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4)]. In addition, two kinds of adipose-specific chemerin knockout mice were generated to demonstrate the regulation of chemerin on glucose and lipid metabolism enzymes and proteins. We found that in diabetes mice, exercise-induced improvements of glucose and lipid metabolism and fatty liver, and exercise-induced increases of ATGL, LPL, and GLUT4 in liver, gastrocnemius and fat were reversed by exogenous chemerin. Furthermore, in chemerin knockdown mice, chemerin(-/-)∙adiponectin mice had lower body fat mass, improved blood glucose and lipid, and no fatty liver; while chemerin(-/-)∙fabp4 mice had hyperlipemia and unchanged body fat mass. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), ATGL, LPL, GLUT4 and PEPCK in the liver and gastrocnemius had improve changes in chemerin(-/-)·adiponectin mice while deteriorated alterations in chemerin(-/-)·fabp4 mice, although PPARγ, ATGL, LPL, and GLUT4 increased in the fat of two kinds of chemerin(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased chemerin exerts an important role in exercise-induced improvements of glucose and lipid metabolism and fatty liver in diabetes mice, which was likely to be through PPARγ mediating elevations of ATGL, LPL and GLUT4 in peripheral metabolic organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Lin
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jing Qu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lijun Yin
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Peng C, Li J, Ke X, Liu F, Huang KE. In silico and in vivo demonstration of the regulatory mechanism of Qi-Ge decoction in treating NAFLD. Ann Med 2023; 55:2200258. [PMID: 37096878 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2200258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a chronic and progressive liver disease, often causes steatosis and steatohepatitis. Qi-Ge decoction (QGD) shows a good effect against NAFLD in the clinic. But the molecular mechanism for QGD in improving NAFLD is unknown. PURPOSE This study explored the molecular mechanism of QGD in NAFLD model rats using comprehensive network pharmacology, molecular docking and in vivo verification strategies. METHODS Active components and targets of QGD were obtained from public database. The overlapped genes between QGD and NAFLD targets were analyzed by enrichment analysis. Active components and targets were used to predict molecular docking analysis. Finally, seven key targets were screened out and the gene expression were verified in the NAFLD rat's liver tissues after QGD treatment. RESULTS Fifty-eight common QGD therapeutic targets were associated with NAFLD. Molecular docking demonstrated that seven targets had strong binding ability for the corresponding active ingredients. GO analysis identified 18 biological process entries, which were mainly related to regulation of lipid storage, lipid localization and peptide transport. KEGG analysis identified multiple signaling pathways, which were mainly associated with tumor necrosis factor signaling and NAFLD. In vivo data confirmed that the effect of QGD in the treatment of NAFLD was mainly exerted through improving liver steatosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. Additionally, QGD upregulated the expression of MAPK8 and ESR1 and downregulated the transcriptional expression of IL6, VEGFA, CASP3, EGFR and MYC. These targets may affect lipid metabolism by regulating lipid storage and inflammation. CONCLUSION The integration of results obtained in silico and in vivo indicated that QGD regulates multiple targets, biological processes and signaling pathways in NAFLD, which may represent a complex molecular mechanism by which QGD improves NAFLD.Key messagesQGD intervention is related to multiple biological processes such as inflammation, oxidation and cell apoptosis in NAFLD.Lipid and atherosclerosis, TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications are the main pathways for QGD intervention NAFLD.The active components of QGD can form good binding with relevant target proteins through intermolecular forces, exhibiting excellent docking activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Postdoctoral Research Station, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Li
- Postdoctoral Research Station, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Integrative Cancer Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuehong Ke
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengbin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke-Er Huang
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Wang J, Liao N, Liu G, Li Y, Xu F, Shi J. Diversity and regioselectivity of O-methyltransferases catalyzing the formation of O-methylated flavonoids. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023:1-23. [PMID: 38035668 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2280755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids and their methylated derivatives have immense market potential in the food and biomedical industries due to their multiple beneficial effects, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. The biological synthesis of flavonoids and their derivatives is often accomplished via the use of genetically modified microorganisms to ensure large-scale production. Therefore, it is pivotal to understand the properties of O-methyltransferases (OMTs) that mediate the methylation of flavonoids. However, the properties of these OMTs are governed by their: sources, substrate specificity, amino acid residues in the active sites, and the intricate mechanism. In order to obtain a clue for the selection of suitable OMTs for the biosynthesis of a target methylated flavonoid, we made a comprehensive review of the currently reported results, with a particular focus on their comparative regioselectivity for different flavonoid substrates. Additionally, the possible mechanisms for the diversity of this class of enzymes were explored using molecular simulation technology. Finally, major gaps in our understanding and areas for future studies were discussed. The findings of this study may be useful in selecting genes that encode OMTs and designing enzyme-based processes for synthesizing O-methylated flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Liao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanwen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghui Li
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengqin Xu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Junling Shi
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Mahboob A, Samuel SM, Mohamed A, Wani MY, Ghorbel S, Miled N, Büsselberg D, Chaari A. Role of flavonoids in controlling obesity: molecular targets and mechanisms. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1177897. [PMID: 37252233 PMCID: PMC10213274 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1177897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity presents a major health challenge that increases the risk of several non-communicable illnesses, such as but not limited to diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal and neurological disorders, sleep disorders, and cancers. Accounting for nearly 8% of global deaths (4.7 million) in 2017, obesity leads to diminishing quality of life and a higher premature mortality rate among affected individuals. Although essentially dubbed as a modifiable and preventable health concern, prevention, and treatment strategies against obesity, such as calorie intake restriction and increasing calorie burning, have gained little long-term success. In this manuscript, we detail the pathophysiology of obesity as a multifactorial, oxidative stress-dependent inflammatory disease. Current anti-obesity treatment strategies, and the effect of flavonoid-based therapeutic interventions on digestion and absorption, macronutrient metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress and gut microbiota has been evaluated. The use of several naturally occurring flavonoids to prevent and treat obesity with a long-term efficacy, is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anns Mahboob
- Department of Pre-medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arif Mohamed
- College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sofiane Ghorbel
- Science and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil Miled
- College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali Chaari
- Department of Pre-medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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Hashim KN, Chin KY, Ahmad F. The Mechanism of Kelulut Honey in Reversing Metabolic Changes in Rats Fed with High-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062790. [PMID: 36985762 PMCID: PMC10056699 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is composed of central obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension that increase an individual's tendency to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Kelulut honey (KH) produced by stingless bee species has a rich phenolic profile. Recent studies have demonstrated that KH could suppress components of MetS, but its mechanisms of action are unknown. A total of 18 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control rats (C group) (n = 6), MetS rats fed with a high carbohydrate high fat (HCHF) diet (HCHF group) (n = 6), and MetS rats fed with HCHF diet and treated with KH (HCHF + KH group) (n = 6). The HCHF + KH group received 1.0 g/kg/day KH via oral gavage from week 9 to 16 after HCHF diet initiation. Compared to the C group, the MetS group experienced a significant increase in body weight, body mass index, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum triglyceride (TG) and leptin, as well as the area and perimeter of adipocyte cells at the end of the study. The MetS group also experienced a significant decrease in serum HDL levels versus the C group. KH supplementation reversed the changes in serum TG, HDL, leptin, adiponectin and corticosterone levels, SBP, DBP, as well as adipose tissue 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1) level, area and perimeter at the end of the study. In addition, histological observations also showed that KH administration reduced fat deposition within hepatocytes, and prevented deterioration of pancreatic islet and renal glomerulus. In conclusion, KH is effective in preventing MetS by suppressing leptin, corticosterone and 11βHSD1 levels while elevating adiponectin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairun-Nisa Hashim
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Fairus Ahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Ma Z, Han X, Ren J, Liu K, Zhang W, Li G. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Guaiazulene Derivatives. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202201174. [PMID: 36573597 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202201174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Guaiazulene and related derivatives were famous for diverse biological activities. In an effort to discover new highly efficient candidate drugs derived from guaiazulene, four series of guaiazulene derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for antiproliferation, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signalling pathway agonist activities. Among them, two guaiazulene condensation derivatives showed selective cytotoxic activities towards K562 cell with IC50 values 5.21 μM and 5.14 μM, respectively, accompanied by slight effects on normal cell viability. For the first time, one guaiazulene derivative from series I exhibited potent antiviral activity towards influenza A virus with IC50 of 17.5 μM. A guaiazulene-based chalcone showed higher anti-inflammatory activity than positive drug indomethacin with an inhibitory rate of 34.29 % in zebrafish model in vivo. One guaiazulene-based flavonoid could strongly agitate PPARγ pathway at 20 μM, indicating the potential of guaiazulene derivatives to reduce obesity development and ameliorate hepatic steatosis. Preliminary in silico ADME studies predicted the excellent drug-likeness properties of bioactive guaiazulene derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongchen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Junde Ren
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Kun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
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9
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González-Arceo M, Gomez-Lopez I, Carr-Ugarte H, Eseberri I, González M, Cano MP, Portillo MP, Gómez-Zorita S. Anti-Obesity Effects of Isorhamnetin and Isorhamnetin Conjugates. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010299. [PMID: 36613743 PMCID: PMC9820709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Isorhamnetin is a plant-derived secondary metabolite which belongs to the family of flavonoids. This review summarises the main outcomes described in the literature to date, regarding the effects of isorhamnetin on obesity from in vitro and in vivo studies. The studies carried out in pre-adipocytes show that isorhamnetin is able to reduce adipogenesis at 10 μM or higher doses and that these effects are mediated by Pparγ and by Wnt signalling pathway. Very few studies addressed in rodents are available so far. It seems that treatment periods longer than two weeks are needed by isorhamnetin and its glycosides to be effective as anti-obesity agents. Nevertheless, improvements in glycaemic control can be observed even in short treatments. Regarding the underlying mechanisms of action, although some contradictory results have been found, reductions in de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid uptake could be proposed. Further research is needed to increase the scientific evidence referring to this topic; studies in animal models are essential, as well as randomised clinical trials to determine whether the positive results observed in animals could also be found in humans, in order to determine if isorhamnetin and its glycosides can represent a real tool against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitane González-Arceo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Iván Gomez-Lopez
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Food Functionality, Biotechnology and Food Microbiology Department, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Helen Carr-Ugarte
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Itziar Eseberri
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Marcela González
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Faculty of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of Litoral and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - M. Pilar Cano
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Food Functionality, Biotechnology and Food Microbiology Department, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María P. Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.P.P.); (S.G.-Z.)
| | - Saioa Gómez-Zorita
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.P.P.); (S.G.-Z.)
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10
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Natural PPARs agonists for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113127. [PMID: 35598367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a general term for a series of liver diseases including simple steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, which is closely related to metabolic syndrome. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is relatively complex, which has gradually changed from the previous 'two-hit' hypothesis to the current "multiple hits" hypothesis. However, there is currently no approved treatment for NAFLD in clinic, highlighting the urgent need for drug development. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, whose different subtypes have been proved to regulate different stages of NAFLD, thus becoming promising drug targets for NAFLD. As important sources of drug development, natural products have been proven to treat NAFLD through multiple pathways and multiple targets. In this paper, we outline the regulatory role of PPARs in NAFLD, and summarize some natural products that target PPARs to ameliorate NAFLD, in order to provide reference for drug development of NAFLD.
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11
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Molecular Mechanism of Crataegi Folium and Alisma Rhizoma in the Treatment of Dyslipidemia Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4891370. [PMID: 35722157 PMCID: PMC9200514 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4891370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Dyslipidemia has become a critical global issue for public health, with elevating prevalence and morbidity closely related to many cardiovascular diseases (CVD) with high incidence rates. Crataegi Folium (known as Shanzhaye in China, SZ, the leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N.E. Br. or Crataegus pinnatifida Bge) and Alisma rhizoma (known as Zexie in China, ZX, the dried tuber of Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep or Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn), a classic combination of herbs, have been widely used to treat dyslipidemia. However, the therapeutic mechanism of this pair still remains unclear. Hence, this study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the Shanzhaye-Zexie herb pair (SZHP) in the treatment of dyslipidemia with the use of a network pharmacology analysis approach. Methods Active compounds, targets of the SZHP, and targets for dyslipidemia were screened based on the public database. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were performed on the database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery (DAVID 6.8). The compound-target-disease-pathway network was visualized using the Cytoscape software, and SYBYL was used for molecular docking. Results Twelve active compounds in the SZHP were screened out, which were closely connected to 186 dyslipidemia-related targets. The network analysis revealed that sitosterol, stigmasterol, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, and quercetin might be candidate agents and CCND1, CASP3, HIF1A, and ESR1 genes were potential drug targets. GO analysis revealed 856 biological processes (BP), 139 molecular functions (MF), and 89 cellular components (CC). The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the lipid level and atherosclerosis might influence the treatment of dyslipidemia. Molecular docking showed that quercetin bound well to CCND1, HIF1A, MYC, AKT1, and EGFR genes. These findings were in accord with the prediction obtained through the network pharmacology approach. Conclusions This study revealed the primary pharmacological effects and relevant mechanisms of the SZHP in treating dyslipidemia. Our findings may facilitate the development of the SZHP or its active compounds as an alternative therapy for dyslipidemia. Still, more pharmacological experiments are needed for verification.
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12
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Kalai FZ, Boulaaba M, Ferdousi F, Isoda H. Effects of Isorhamnetin on Diabetes and Its Associated Complications: A Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies and a Post Hoc Transcriptome Analysis of Involved Molecular Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:704. [PMID: 35054888 PMCID: PMC8775402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, especially type 2 (T2DM), is a major public health problem globally. DM is characterized by high levels of glycemia and insulinemia due to impaired insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity of the cells, known as insulin resistance. T2DM causes multiple and severe complications such as nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy causing cell oxidative damages in different internal tissues, particularly the pancreas, heart, adipose tissue, liver, and kidneys. Plant extracts and their bioactive phytochemicals are gaining interest as new therapeutic and preventive alternatives for T2DM and its associated complications. In this regard, isorhamnetin, a plant flavonoid, has long been studied for its potential anti-diabetic effects. This review describes its impact on reducing diabetes-related disorders by decreasing glucose levels, ameliorating the oxidative status, alleviating inflammation, and modulating lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation by regulating involved signaling pathways reported in the in vitro and in vivo studies. Additionally, we include a post hoc whole-genome transcriptome analysis of biological activities of isorhamnetin using a stem cell-based tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Zar Kalai
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan; (F.Z.K.); (M.B.); (F.F.)
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology, Technopark of Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Mondher Boulaaba
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan; (F.Z.K.); (M.B.); (F.F.)
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology, Technopark of Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan; (F.Z.K.); (M.B.); (F.F.)
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan; (F.Z.K.); (M.B.); (F.F.)
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
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13
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Sivamani Y, Shanmugarajan D, Durai Ananda Kumar T, Faizan S, Channappa B, Naishima NL, Prashantha Kumar BR. A promising in silico protocol to develop novel PPARγ antagonists as potential anticancer agents: Design, synthesis and experimental validation via PPARγ protein activity and competitive binding assay. Comput Biol Chem 2021; 95:107600. [PMID: 34794076 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2021.107600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily is an excellent example of targets that orchestrates cancer, inflammation, lipid and glucose metabolism. We report a protocol for the development of novel PPARγ antagonists by employing 3D QSAR based virtual screening for the identification of ligands with anticancer properties. The models are generated based on a large and diverse set of PPARγ antagonist ligands by the HYPOGEN algorithm using Discovery Studio 2019 drug design software. Among the 10 hypotheses generated, Hypotheses 2 showed the highest correlation coefficient values of 0.95 with less RMS deviation of 1.193. Validation of the developed pharmacophore model was performed by Fischer's randomization and screening against test and decoy set. The GH score or goodness score was found to be 0.81 indicating moderate to a good model. The selected pharmacophore model Hypo 2 was used as a query model for further screening of 11,145 compounds from the PubChem, sc-PDB structure database, and designed novel ligands. Based on fit values and ADMET filter, the final 10 compounds with the predicated activity of ≤ 3 nM were subjected for docking analysis. Docking analysis revealed the unique binding mode with hydrophobic amino acid that can cause destabilization of the H12 which is an important molecular mechanism to prove its antagonist action. Based on high CDocker scores, Cpd31 was synthesized, purified, analyzed and screened for PPARγ competitive binding by TR-FRET assay. The biochemical protein binding results matched the predicted results. Further, Cpd31 was screened against cancer cells and validated the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvaraj Sivamani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - Dhivya Shanmugarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - T Durai Ananda Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - Syed Faizan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhavya Channappa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - Namburu Lalitha Naishima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - B R Prashantha Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570 015, Karnataka, India.
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14
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Zhang Y, Bobe G, Miranda CL, Lowry MB, Hsu VL, Lohr CV, Wong CP, Jump DB, Robinson MM, Sharpton TJ, Maier CS, Stevens JF, Gombart AF. Tetrahydroxanthohumol, a xanthohumol derivative, attenuates high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis by antagonizing PPARγ. eLife 2021; 10:e66398. [PMID: 34128467 PMCID: PMC8205491 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported xanthohumol (XN), and its synthetic derivative tetrahydro-XN (TXN), attenuates high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome in C57Bl/6J mice. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of XN and TXN on lipid accumulation in the liver. Non-supplemented mice were unable to adapt their caloric intake to 60% HFD, resulting in obesity and hepatic steatosis; however, TXN reduced weight gain and decreased hepatic steatosis. Liver transcriptomics indicated that TXN might antagonize lipogenic PPARγ actions in vivo. XN and TXN inhibited rosiglitazone-induced 3T3-L1 cell differentiation concomitant with decreased expression of lipogenesis-related genes. A peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) competitive binding assay showed that XN and TXN bind to PPARγ with an IC50 similar to pioglitazone and 8-10 times stronger than oleate. Molecular docking simulations demonstrated that XN and TXN bind in the PPARγ ligand-binding domain pocket. Our findings are consistent with XN and TXN acting as antagonists of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Nutrition Program, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Cristobal L Miranda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Malcolm B Lowry
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Victor L Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Christiane V Lohr
- Department of Biomedical Science, Carlson College of Veterinary MedicineCorvallisUnited States
| | - Carmen P Wong
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Nutrition Program, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Donald B Jump
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Nutrition Program, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Matthew M Robinson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Kinesiology Program, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Thomas J Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Statistics, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Claudia S Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
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15
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Quercetin and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A review based on experimental data and bioinformatic analysis. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 154:112314. [PMID: 34087406 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin, a polyphenol widely present in the plant kingdom, has received great interest due to pleiotropic effects. As evidenced by animal and cellular studies, quercetin exerts hepatoprotection against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), particularly in hepatic steatosis and hepatitis. Mechanically, various hypotheses of such protective effects have been actively proposed, including improving fatty acid metabolism, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidant, modulating gut microbiota and bile acid, etc. Here, the role of quercetin in NAFLD was summarized. With a particular focus on molecular mechanism, we comprehensively discussed the pathways of quercetin on NAFLD based on the analysis from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and experimental evidence.
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16
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Natural products and analogs as preventive agents for metabolic syndrome via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: An overview. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 221:113535. [PMID: 33992930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural products and synthetic analogs have drawn much attention as potential therapeutical drugs to treat metabolic syndrome. We reviewed the underlying mechanisms of 32 natural products and analogs with potential pharmacological effects in vitro, and especially in rodent models and/or patients, that usually act on the PPAR pathway, along with other molecular targets. Recent outstanding total syntheses or semisyntheses of these lead compounds are stated. In general, they can activate the transcriptional activity of PPARα, PPARγ, PPARα/γ, PPARβ/δ, PPARα/δ, PPARγ/δ and panPPAR as weak, partial agonists or selective PPARγ modulators (SPPARγM), which may be useful for managing obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), dyslipidemia and non-fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Terpenoids is the largest group of compounds that act as potential modulators on PPARs and are comprised from small lipophilic cannabinoids to lipophilic pentacyclic triterpenes and polar saponins. Shikimates-phenylpropanoids include polar heterocyclic flavonoids and phenolic compounds containing at least one C3-C6 unit and usually a double bond on the propyl chain. Quercetin (19), resveratrol (24) and curcumin (27), stand out from this group for exhibiting beneficial effects on patients. Alkaloids, the minor group of potential modulators on PPARs, include berberine (30), which has been widely explored in preclinical and clinical studies for its potential beneficial effects on T2D and dyslipidemia. However, large-scale clinical trials may be warranted for the promising compounds.
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17
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Oliveira AKDS, de Oliveira E Silva AM, Pereira RO, Santos AS, Barbosa Junior EV, Bezerra MT, Barreto RSS, Quintans-Junior LJ, Quintans JSS. Anti-obesity properties and mechanism of action of flavonoids: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7827-7848. [PMID: 33970708 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1919051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health problem, and there is increasing scientific interest in its mechanisms, as well as a search for new compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that can minimize the metabolic complications associated with its pathology. One potential source of these compounds is natural products; Among these, flavonoids are a promising group of natural substances. Flavonoids are active constituents with diverse biological activities and are widely found in plants kingdom. Numerous studies have shown that flavonoids can effectively inhibit obesity and related metabolic disorders. The review synthesizes recent evidence in respect of progress in the understanding of the anti-obesity effects of flavonoids. Such effects which occurs through the modulation of proteins, genes and transcriptional factors involved in decreasing lipogenesis, increasing lipolysis, expenditure energy, stimulating fatty acids B-oxidation, digestion and metabolism of carbohydrates. In addition to mitigating inflammatory responses and suppress oxidative stress. A better understanding of the modulating effects and mechanisms of flavonoids in relation to obesity will allow us to better use these compounds to treat or even prevent obesity and its associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Karoline de Souza Oliveira
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Ana Mara de Oliveira E Silva
- Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Sergipe, UFS, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mikaella Tuanny Bezerra
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Rosana S S Barreto
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Lucindo J Quintans-Junior
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Jullyana S S Quintans
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
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18
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Wang Q, Du L, Hong J, Chen Z, Liu H, Li S, Xiao X, Yan S. Molecular mechanism underlying the hypolipidemic effect of Shanmei Capsule based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Technol Health Care 2021; 29:239-256. [PMID: 33682762 PMCID: PMC8150495 DOI: 10.3233/thc-218023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Shanmei Capsule is a famous preparation in China. However, the related mechanism of Shanmei Capsule against hyperlipidemia has yet to be revealed. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate underlying mechanism of Shanmei Capsule against hyperlipidemia through network pharmacology approach and molecular docking. METHODS: Active ingredients, targets of Shanmei Capsule as well as targets for hyperlipidemia were screened based on database. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were performed via Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) 6.8 database. Ingredient-target-disease-pathway network was visualized utilizing Cytoscape software and molecular docking was performed by Autodock Vina. RESULTS: Seventeen active ingredients in Shanmei Capsule were screened out with a closely connection with 34 hyperlipidemia-related targets. GO analysis revealed 40 biological processes, 5 cellular components and 29 molecular functions. A total of 15 signal pathways were enriched by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. The docking results indicated that the binding activities of key ingredients for PPAR-α are equivalent to that of the positive drug lifibrate. CONCLUSIONS: The possible molecular mechanism mainly involved PPAR signaling pathway, Bile secretion and TNF signaling pathway via acting on MAPK8, PPARγ, MMP9, PPARα, FABP4 and NOS2 targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Lijing Du
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Jiana Hong
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Zhenlin Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Huijian Liu
- Shanxi Taihang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China
| | - Shasha Li
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Shikai Yan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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19
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Rice Bran Oil Attenuates Chronic Inflammation by Inducing M2 Macrophage Switching in High-Fat Diet-Fed Obese Mice. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020359. [PMID: 33562395 PMCID: PMC7914799 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are involved in all inflammatory processes from killing pathogens to repairing damaged tissue. In the obese state, macrophages infiltrate into enlarged adipose tissue and polarize into pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation due to the secretion of inflammatory mediators. Rice bran oil (RBO) is an edible oil containing tocopherols, tocotrienols, and γ-oryzanol. Previous research in normal diet-fed mice suggested that RBO mitigates inflammatory responses by modulating mitochondrial respiration of macrophages. Therefore, we investigated if RBO had an anti-inflammatory effect in diet-induced obese mice by assessing the expression of inflammatory markers in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and polarization of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Rice bran oil exerted a local anti-inflammatory effect in white adipose tissue by suppressing the production of inflammatory mediators and upregulating transcription of anti-inflammatory genes. Rice bran oil also promoted anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization in BMDMs thereby affecting systemic inflammation. Overall, our in vivo and ex vivo results highlight the potential of RBO as a dietary mediator that can ameliorate obesity-induced chronic low-grade inflammation by mediating the expression of inflammation-related factors and macrophage polarization.
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20
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors as Molecular Links between Caloric Restriction and Circadian Rhythm. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113476. [PMID: 33198317 PMCID: PMC7696073 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm plays a chief role in the adaptation of all bodily processes to internal and environmental changes on the daily basis. Next to light/dark phases, feeding patterns constitute the most essential element entraining daily oscillations, and therefore, timely and appropriate restrictive diets have a great capacity to restore the circadian rhythm. One of the restrictive nutritional approaches, caloric restriction (CR) achieves stunning results in extending health span and life span via coordinated changes in multiple biological functions from the molecular, cellular, to the whole-body levels. The main molecular pathways affected by CR include mTOR, insulin signaling, AMPK, and sirtuins. Members of the family of nuclear receptors, the three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ take part in the modulation of these pathways. In this non-systematic review, we describe the molecular interconnection between circadian rhythm, CR-associated pathways, and PPARs. Further, we identify a link between circadian rhythm and the outcomes of CR on the whole-body level including oxidative stress, inflammation, and aging. Since PPARs contribute to many changes triggered by CR, we discuss the potential involvement of PPARs in bridging CR and circadian rhythm.
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21
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Uchida Y, Ferdousi F, Zheng YW, Oda T, Isoda H. Global Gene Expression Profiling Reveals Isorhamnetin Induces Hepatic-Lineage Specific Differentiation in Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:578036. [PMID: 33224947 PMCID: PMC7674172 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.578036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs), derived from discarded term placenta, is anticipated as a new stem cell resource because of their advantages over embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), such as no risk of tumorigenicity and minimal ethical issue. hAECs have been reported to differentiate into hepatic-like cells (HLCs) with variable functionalities suitable for cell-based therapy of end-stage liver diseases, drug screening, and drug toxicity tests. On the other hand, a new research stream has been evolving to use natural compounds as stimulants of stem cell differentiation because of their high availability and minimum side effects. Isorhamnetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid commonly found in fruits and vegetables and has been reported to improve hepatic fibrosis and steatosis. In this present study, we have screened the differentiation potential of isorhamnetin in hAECs. The cells were grown on 3D cell culture and were treated with 20 μM of synthesized isorhamnetin for 10 days without adding any additional growth factors. DNA microarray global gene expression analysis was conducted for differentially expressed genes between isorhamnetin-treated and untreated control cells, gene expression validation was carried out using RT-qPCR method, and finally, several hepatic functions were assessed. Microarray analysis showed that isorhamnetin could activate essential biological processes, molecular functions, and signaling pathways for hepatic differentiation. Hepatic progenitor markers, EPCAM and DLK1, were upregulated in the isorhamnetin-treated hAECs. AFP was downregulated, while ALB was upregulated on Day 10. Furthermore, isorhamnetin-treated cells could show increased CYP enzyme mRNA levels, ICG uptake and release, glycogen storage activity, and urea secretion. Additionally, isorhamnetin-treated cells did not show any trace of transdifferentiation evident by significant downregulation of several colon- and cholangiocyte-specific markers. However, longer treatment with isorhamnetin did not promote hepatic maturation. Altogether, our findings indicate that isorhamnetin has a promising effect on directing the hepatic-lineage specific differentiation in hAECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Uchida
- School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), AIST, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yun-Wen Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Oda
- AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), AIST, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), AIST, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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22
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Impact of A Cargo-Less Liposomal Formulation on Dietary Obesity-Related Metabolic Disorders in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207640. [PMID: 33076522 PMCID: PMC7589567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapeutic options for obesity often require pharmacological intervention with dietary restrictions. Obesity is associated with underlying inflammation due to increased tissue macrophage infiltration, and recent evidence shows that inflammation can drive obesity, creating a feed forward mechanism. Therefore, targeting obesity-induced macrophage infiltration may be an effective way of treating obesity. Here, we developed cargo-less liposomes (UTS-001) using 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, DOPC (synthetic phosphatidylcholine) as a single-agent to manage weight gain and related glucose disorders due to high fat diet (HFD) consumption in mice. UTS-001 displayed potent immunomodulatory properties, including reducing resident macrophage number in both fat and liver, downregulating liver markers involved in gluconeogenesis, and increasing marker involved in thermogenesis. As a result, UTS-001 significantly enhanced systemic glucose tolerance in vivo and insulin-stimulated cellular glucose uptake in vitro, as well as reducing fat accumulation upon ad libitum HFD consumption in mice. UTS-001 targets tissue residence macrophages to suppress tissue inflammation during HFD-induced obesity, resulting in improved weight control and glucose metabolism. Thus, UTS-001 represents a promising therapeutic strategy for body weight management and glycaemic control.
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Shi Y, Liu J, Zhao Y, Cao J, Li Y, Guo F. Bromodomain-Containing Protein 4: A Druggable Target. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:1517-1536. [PMID: 31215391 DOI: 10.2174/1574885514666190618113519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) belongs to the bromodomain and extraterminal family. BRD4 inhibitors can regulate acetylated lysine and form protein complexes that initiate transcriptional programs as an epigenetic regulator of the histone code. BRD4 was initially considered to be one of the most promising targets for combating malignant tumors. However, many recent studies have shown that BRD4 plays a crucial role in various kinds of diseases, including cancer, coronary heart disease, neurological disorder, and obesity. Currently, several BRD4 inhibitors are undergoing clinical trials. A search for new BRD4 inhibitors appears to be of great utility for developing novel drugs. In this mini-review, we highlight the inhibitors of BRD4 from natural products and synthesized sources, as well as their applications in cancer, glucolipid metabolism, inflammation, neuronal stimulation activation, human immunodeficiency virus and renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiaoxian Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Fujiang Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
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24
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Farias-Pereira R, Savarese J, Yue Y, Lee SH, Park Y. Fat-lowering effects of isorhamnetin are via NHR-49-dependent pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans. Curr Res Food Sci 2020; 2:70-76. [PMID: 32914113 PMCID: PMC7473354 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Isorhamnetin (3-O-methylquercetin), a flavonol found in dill weed, sea buckthorn berries, kale and onions, has been suggested to have anti-obesity effects, but there is limited evidence of its mechanisms of action on lipid metabolism. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of isorhamnetin on lipid metabolism using Caenorhabditis elegans as an animal model. Isorhamnetin reduced fat accumulation without affecting food intake or energy expenditure in C. elegans. The isorhamnetin's fat-lowering effects were dependent on nhr-49, a homolog of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). Isorhamnetin upregulated an enoyl-CoA hydratase (ech-1.1, involved in fatty acid β-oxidation) and adipose triglyceride lipase (atgl-1, involved in lipolysis) via NHR-49-dependent pathway at transcriptional levels. Isorhamnetin also upregulated the C. elegans AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) subunits homologs (aak-1 and aak-2), involved in energy homeostasis. These results suggest that isorhamnetin reduces body fat by increasing fat oxidation in part via NHR-49/PPARα-dependent pathway. Isorhamnetin reduced fat accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Food intake and energy expenditure were not changed by isorhamnetin. Isorhamnetin's fat-lowering effects were dependent on nhr-49/PPARα. Isorhamnetin upregulated transcriptionally AAK/AMPK, which may activate NHR-49. Isorhamnetin increased fat breakdown by upregulating ech-1.1/HADHA and atgl-1/ATGL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Savarese
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Yiren Yue
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Seong-Ho Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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25
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Caloric Restriction-Common Pathways Affecting Metabolism, Health, and Longevity. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071708. [PMID: 32708786 PMCID: PMC7407644 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) is a traditional but scientifically verified approach to promoting health and increasing lifespan. CR exerts its effects through multiple molecular pathways that trigger major metabolic adaptations. It influences key nutrient and energy-sensing pathways including mammalian target of rapamycin, Sirtuin 1, AMP-activated protein kinase, and insulin signaling, ultimately resulting in reductions in basic metabolic rate, inflammation, and oxidative stress, as well as increased autophagy and mitochondrial efficiency. CR shares multiple overlapping pathways with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), particularly in energy metabolism and inflammation. Consequently, several lines of evidence suggest that PPARs might be indispensable for beneficial outcomes related to CR. In this review, we present the available evidence for the interconnection between CR and PPARs, highlighting their shared pathways and analyzing their interaction. We also discuss the possible contributions of PPARs to the effects of CR on whole organism outcomes.
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26
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Interleukin-4 Improves Metabolic Abnormalities in Leptin-Deficient and High-Fat Diet Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124451. [PMID: 32585823 PMCID: PMC7352748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic disorder that results from complex interactions between genetic predisposition and dietary factors. Interleukin-4 (IL-4), besides its role in immunity, has metabolic effects on insulin efficacy. We studied the effects of IL-4 on metabolic abnormalities in a mice model of obesity involving leptin deficiency and leptin resistance. Leptin-deficient 145E and leptin-resistant high-fat diet (HFD) mice showed lower levels of circulating IL-4. 145E and HFD mice showed a number of abnormalities: Obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, liver injury, and adiposity with concurrent inflammation, decreases in Akt, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and STAT6 phosphorylation in the hypothalamus, liver, and epididymal fat. Independent of leptin-deficient obesity and dietary obesity, a course of 8-week IL-4 supplementation improved obesity and impairment in Akt, STAT3, and STAT6 signaling. Amelioration of cytokine expression, despite variable extents, was closely linked with the actions of IL-4. Additionally, the browning of white adipocytes by IL-4 was found in epididymal white adipose tissues and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Chronic exercise, weight management, and probiotics are recommended to overweight patients and IL-4 signaling is associated with clinical improvement. Thus, IL-4 could be a metabolic regulator and antiobesity candidate for the treatment of obesity and its complications.
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27
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Gong G, Guan YY, Zhang ZL, Rahman K, Wang SJ, Zhou S, Luan X, Zhang H. Isorhamnetin: A review of pharmacological effects. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110301. [PMID: 32502837 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Isorhamnetin is one of the most important active ingredients in the fruits of Hippophae rhamnoides L. and the leaves of Ginkgo biloba L., which possesses extensive pharmacological activities. At present, there have been numerous investigations on isorhamnetin, which has the effects of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, organ protection, prevention of obesity, etc. The related mechanisms involve the regulation of PI3K/AKT/PKB, NF-κB, MAPK and other signaling pathways as well as the expression of related cytokines and kinases. Isorhamnetin has a high value of development and application. However, the investigations on its mechanism of action are limited and lack of detailed scientific validation. The manuscript reviewed the pharmacological effects of isorhamnetin and related mechanisms of action for the development of its medicinal properties further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Gong
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ying-Yun Guan
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhong-Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Khalid Rahman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, England, UK
| | - Su-Juan Wang
- Department of Drug Preparation, Hospital of TCM and Hui Nationality Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Wuzhong, PR China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Techniques Department, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Xin Luan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China.
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Sakai M, Ohnishi K, Masuda M, Ohminami H, Yamanaka-Okumura H, Hara T, Taketani Y. Isorhamnetin, a 3'-methoxylated flavonol, enhances the lysosomal proteolysis in J774.1 murine macrophages in a TFEB-independent manner. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1221-1231. [PMID: 32046625 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1727309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lysosome is the principal organelle for the ultimate degradation of cellular macromolecules, which are delivered through endocytosis, phagocytosis, and autophagy. The lysosomal functions have been found to be impaired by fatty foods and aging, and more importantly, the lysosomal dysfunction in macrophages has been reported as a risk of atherosclerosis development. In this study, we searched for dietary polyphenols which possess the activity for enhancing the lysosomal degradation in J774.1, a murine macrophage-like cell line. Screening test utilizing DQ-BSA digestion identified isorhamnetin (3'-O-methylquercetin) as an active compound. Interestingly, structural comparison to inactive flavonols revealed that the chemical structure of the B-ring moiety in isorhamnetin is the primary determinant of its lysosome-enhancing activity. Unexpectedly isorhamnetin failed to inhibit mTORC1-TFEB signaling, a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and function. Our data suggested that the other molecular mechanism might be critical for the regulation of lysosomes in macrophages.Abbreviations: ANOVA: analysis of variance; ApoE: apolipoprotein E; ATP6V0D2: ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit d2; BAF: bafilomycin A1; BODIPY: boron dipyrromethene; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CTSD: cathepsin D; CTSF: cathepsin F; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified eagle medium; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; EGCG: epigallocatechin-3-gallate; FBS: fetal bovine serum; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; HPLC: high-performance liquid chromatography; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; LAMP2A: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2A; LC-MS/MS: liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry; MITF: microphthalmia-associated transcription factor; MRM: multiple reaction monitoring; mTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ; RT-qPCR: reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction; SDS: sodium dodecyl sulfate; SNARE: soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor attachment protein receptor; TBS: Tris-buffered saline; TFA: trifluoroacetic acid; TFE3: transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3; TFEB: transcriptional factor EB; TFEC: transcription factor EC; V-ATPase: vacuolar-type proton ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Sakai
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kohta Ohnishi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masashi Masuda
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ohminami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hisami Yamanaka-Okumura
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Taichi Hara
- Laboratory of Food and Life Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Taketani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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29
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Nie H, Deng Y, Zheng C, Pan M, Xie J, Zhang Y, Yang Q. A network pharmacology-based approach to explore the effects of Chaihu Shugan powder on a non-alcoholic fatty liver rat model through nuclear receptors. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5168-5184. [PMID: 32189432 PMCID: PMC7205817 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is still not fully understood, and currently, no effective pharmacotherapy is available. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are important biological participants in NAFLD that exhibit great therapeutic potential. Chaihu Shugan powder (CSP) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula that has a wide therapeutic spectrum including NAFLD, but the effective components and functional mechanisms of CSP are unclear. We adopted a network pharmacology approach using multiple databases for Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and the molecular complex detection (MCODE) method for a protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, and we used molecular docking method to screen the NR targets and determine the corresponding CSP components. The screening results were validated through a NAFLD rat model that was used to explain the possible relationship between CSP and NAFLD. Finally, we screened PPARγ, FXR, PPARα, RARα and PPARδ as target genes and quercetin, kaempferol, naringenin, isorhamnetin and nobiletin as target compounds. The five components were detected through high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), the results of which aligned with the docking experiments of PPARγ, PPARα and PPARδ. After CSP intervention, the NAFLD rat model showed ameliorated effects in terms of bodyweight, hepatic histopathology, and serum and liver lipids, and the mRNA levels of PPARγ, FXR, PPARα and RARα were significantly changed. The results from this study indicate that CSP exhibits healing effects in an NAFLD model and that the network pharmacology approach to screening NR targets and determining the corresponding CSP components is a practical strategy for explaining the mechanism by which CSP ameliorates NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Nie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanjun Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuiyang Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maoxing Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiqian Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yupei Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinhe Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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30
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Wu L, Guo C, Wu J. Therapeutic potential of PPARγ natural agonists in liver diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2736-2748. [PMID: 32031298 PMCID: PMC7077554 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a vital subtype of the PPAR family. The biological functions are complex and diverse. PPARγ plays a significant role in protecting the liver from inflammation, oxidation, fibrosis, fatty liver and tumours. Natural products are a promising pool for drug discovery, and enormous research effort has been invested in exploring the PPARγ‐activating potential of natural products. In this manuscript, we will review the research progress of PPARγ agonists from natural products in recent years and probe into the application potential and prospects of PPARγ natural agonists in the therapy of various liver diseases, including inflammation, hepatic fibrosis, non‐alcoholic fatty liver and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianye Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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31
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Hosoda S, Kawazoe Y, Shiba T, Numazawa S, Manabe A. Anti-Obesity Effect of Ginkgo Vinegar, a Fermented Product of Ginkgo Seed Coat, in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet and 3T3-L1 Preadipocyte Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010230. [PMID: 31963184 PMCID: PMC7019924 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgo seed coat is rarely used and is typically discarded, due to its offensive odor and its toxicity. Ginkgo vinegar is a fermented product of ginkgo seed coat, and fermentation removes the bad smell and most of the toxicity. Thus, ginkgo vinegar contains very low concentrations of toxic components. The present study examined the anti-obesity effect of ginkgo vinegar in mice fed a high-fat diet and its inhibition of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Ginkgo vinegar suppressed high-fat diet-induced body weight gain and reduced the size of fat cells in mice. Ginkgo vinegar suppressed the expression of C/EBPδ and PPARγ, key proteins in adipogenesis, and inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells that were induced to become adipocytes. These results suggested that ginkgo vinegar inhibited adipocyte differentiation. On the other hand, a corresponding concentration of acetic acid had significantly less effect on lipid accumulation and virtually no effect on adipogenic gene expression. These results suggested that, similar to Ginkgo biloba extract, ginkgo vinegar might prevent and improve adiposity. Therefore, ginkgo seed coat could be a useful material for medicinal ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugo Hosoda
- Division of Aesthetic Dentistry and Clinical Cariology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 145-0062, Japan; (S.H.); (T.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Yumi Kawazoe
- RegeneTiss Inc., Okaya, Nagano 394-0046, Japan;
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Shiba
- Division of Aesthetic Dentistry and Clinical Cariology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 145-0062, Japan; (S.H.); (T.S.); (A.M.)
- RegeneTiss Inc., Okaya, Nagano 394-0046, Japan;
| | - Satoshi Numazawa
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
- Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3784-8205
| | - Atsufumi Manabe
- Division of Aesthetic Dentistry and Clinical Cariology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 145-0062, Japan; (S.H.); (T.S.); (A.M.)
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Jamali-Raeufy N, Baluchnejadmojarad T, Roghani M, keimasi S, goudarzi M. Isorhamnetin exerts neuroprotective effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats via attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 102:101709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.101709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ganbold M, Owada Y, Ozawa Y, Shimamoto Y, Ferdousi F, Tominaga K, Zheng YW, Ohkohchi N, Isoda H. Isorhamnetin Alleviates Steatosis and Fibrosis in Mice with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16210. [PMID: 31700054 PMCID: PMC6838085 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52736-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most severe and progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which can lead to life-threatening conditions, however, there is still no approved drug for the treatment of NASH. In this study we used human-like NASH mouse model and treated orally with isorhamnetin at a dose of 50 mg/kg to analyze the effect of isorhamnetin on the progression of NASH. NASH-induced mice represented severe steatosis with inflammation, and fibrosis in liver accompanied with high level of liver injury markers in serum. Isorhamnetin treatment reduced intrahepatic lipid accumulation and TG content by inhibiting de novo lipogenic pathway in NASH-induced mice. Consistent with this, isorhamnetin-treated NASH mice showed improved liver injury markers, reduced collagen deposition as well as decreased gene expression of fibrogenic markers. Taken together, here we showed for the first time that synthesized isorhamnetin alleviates pathologic features of NASH and thus can potentially contribute to NASH drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkhzul Ganbold
- School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yohei Owada
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ozawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shimamoto
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tominaga
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yun-Wen Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ohkohchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan. .,Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan. .,Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan. .,Faculty of Life and Environment Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan.
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Zhou W, Chen Z, Wang Y, Li X, Lu A, Sun X, Liu Z. Systems Pharmacology-Based Method to Assess the Mechanism of Action of Weight-Loss Herbal Intervention Therapy for Obesity. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1165. [PMID: 31680953 PMCID: PMC6802489 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multi-factorial chronic disease that has become a serious, prevalent, and refractory public health challenge globally because of high rates of various complications. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) as a functional food are considered to be a valuable and readily available resource for treating obesity because of their better therapeutic effects and reduced side effects. However, their "multi-compound" and "multi-target" features make it extremely difficult to interpret the potential mechanism underlying the anti-obesity effects of TCMs from a holistic perspective. An innovative systems-pharmacology approach was employed, which combined absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion screening and multiple target fishing, gene ontology enrichment analysis, network pharmacology, and pathway analysis to explore the potential therapeutic mechanism of weight-loss herbal intervention therapy in obesity and related diseases. The current study provides a promising approach to facilitate the development and discovery of new botanical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Respirology and Allergy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of ShenZhen University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- Department of Respirology and Allergy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of ShenZhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiumin Li
- Department of Respirology and Allergy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of ShenZhen University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xizhuo Sun
- Department of Respirology and Allergy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of ShenZhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of Respirology and Allergy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of ShenZhen University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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Zhang X, Li X, Fang H, Guo F, Li F, Chen A, Huang S. Flavonoids as inducers of white adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis: signalling pathways and molecular triggers. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:47. [PMID: 31346342 PMCID: PMC6637576 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0370-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flavonoids are a class of plant and fungus secondary metabolites and are the most common group of polyphenolic compounds in the human diet. In recent studies, flavonoids have been shown to induce browning of white adipocytes, increase energy consumption, inhibit high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and improve metabolic status. Promoting the activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inducing white adipose tissue (WAT) browning are promising means to increase energy expenditure and improve glucose and lipid metabolism. This review summarizes recent advances in the knowledge of flavonoid compounds and their metabolites. Methods We searched the following databases for all research related to flavonoids and WAT browning published through March 2019: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Web of Science. All included studies are summarized and listed in Table 1. Result We summarized the effects of flavonoids on fat metabolism and the specific underlying mechanisms in sub-categories. Flavonoids activated the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), promoted the release of adrenaline and thyroid hormones to increase thermogenesis and induced WAT browning through the AMPK-PGC-1α/Sirt1 and PPAR signalling pathways. Flavonoids may also promote brown preadipocyte differentiation, inhibit apoptosis and produce inflammatory factors in BAT. Conclusion Flavonoids induced WAT browning and activated BAT to increase energy consumption and non-shivering thermogenesis, thus inhibiting weight gain and preventing metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First People's Hospital of Yichang, No.4 Hudi Street, Yichang, 443000 Hubei Province China
| | - Xin Li
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei Province China
| | - Huang Fang
- 3Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province China
| | - Fengjin Guo
- 3Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province China
| | - Feng Li
- 3Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province China
| | - Anmin Chen
- 3Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province China
| | - Shilong Huang
- 3Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province China
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Gao J, Song J, Du M, Mao X. Bovine α-lactalbumin hydrolysates (α-LAH) attenuate high-fat diet induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating hepatic lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Eseberri I, Miranda J, Lasa A, Mosqueda-Solís A, González-Manzano S, Santos-Buelga C, Portillo MP. Effects of Quercetin Metabolites on Triglyceride Metabolism of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and Mature Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020264. [PMID: 30641871 PMCID: PMC6359054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin (Q) has rapid metabolism, which may make it worthwhile to focus on the potential activity of its metabolites. Our aim was to evaluate the triglyceride-lowering effects of Q metabolites in mature and pre-adipocytes, and to compare them to those induced by Q. 3T3-L1 mature and pre-adipocytes were treated with 0.1, 1 and 10 µM of Q, tamarixetin (TAM), isorhamnetin (ISO), quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (3G), quercetin-3-O-sulfate (3S), as well as with 3S and quercetin-4-O-sulfate (4S) mixture (3S+4S). Triglyceride (TG) content in both cell types, as well as free fatty acid (FFA) and glycerol in the incubation medium of mature adipocytes were measured spectrophotometrically. Gene expression was assessed by RT-PCR. In mature adipocytes, Q decreased TG at 1 and 10 µM, 3S metabolite at 1 and 10 µM, and 3S+4S mixture at 10 µM. 3S treatment modified the glucose uptake, and TG assembling, but not lipolysis or apoptosis. During differentiation, only 10 µM of ISO reduced TG content, as did Q at physiological doses. In conclusion, 3S metabolite but not ISO, 3G, 4S and TAM metabolites can contribute to the in vivo delipidating effect of Q.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Eseberri
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jonatan Miranda
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Arrate Lasa
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Andrea Mosqueda-Solís
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain.
| | - Susana González-Manzano
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Celestino Santos-Buelga
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Maria P Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Concurrent exercise improves insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by upregulating PPAR-γ and genes involved in the beta-oxidation of fatty acids in ApoE-KO mice fed a high-fat diet. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:6. [PMID: 30611282 PMCID: PMC6320624 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To emphasize the mechanism of concurrent exercise effect on lipid disorders in insulin resistance (IR) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Materials and methods Twenty male ApoE knockout mice were randomly divided into two groups: HFD group (n = 10) fed a high fat diet, and HFDE group (n = 10) with high-fat diet intervention for 12 weeks and swimming exercise. Other ten healthy male C57BL/6 J mice were fed a normal diet, and included as control group. Retro-orbital blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Oil red O staining of liver tissues was performed to confirm the exercise effect. Western blotting was performed to evaluate the expressions of PPAR-γ, CPT-1, MCAD. Results The levels of TG, TC, LDL, FFA, FIN, FPG and Homa-IRI in the HFD group were significantly higher than ND group, while these were markedly decreased in the HFDE group compared with HFD group. The Oil Red O staining of liver samples further confirmed the exercise effect on the change of lipid deposition in the liver. Western blotting showed increased expressions of PPAR-γ, CPT-1, MCAD induced by high fat diet were significantly downregulated by exercise. Conclusion A concurrent 12-week exercise protocol alleviated the lipid metabolism disorders of IR and NAFLD, probably via PPAR-γ/CPT-1/MCAD signaling.
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Li H, Liu Y, Liu C, Luo L, Yao Y, Li F, Yin L, Xu L, Tong Q, Huang C, Fan S. Notoginsenoside Fe suppresses diet induced obesity and activates paraventricular hypothalamic neurons. RSC Adv 2019; 9:1290-1298. [PMID: 35518019 PMCID: PMC9059641 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07842d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a major public health challenge worldwide. Energy imbalance between calorie acquisition and consumption is the fundamental cause of obesity. Notoginsenoside Fe is a naturally occurring compound in Panax notoginseng, a herb used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in traditional Chinese medicine. Here, we evaluated the effect of notoginsenoside Fe on obesity development induced by high-fat diet in C57BL/6 mice. Our results demonstrated that notoginsenoside Fe decreased food intake and body weight, as well as protected liver structure integrity and normal function. Metabolic cage analysis showed that notoginsenoside Fe also promoted resting metabolic rate. In addition, intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection of notoginsenoside Fe induced C-Fos expression in the paraventricular nucleus (PVH) but not the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus. These results suggest that Fe may reduce body weight through the activation of energy-sensing neurons in the hypothalamus. Notoginsenoside Fe, a naturally occurring compound in Panax notoginseng, significantly reduces body weight, promotes metabolic rate, and suppresses food intake through activating C-Fos expression in PVH in high-fat diet induced obese mice.![]()
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Structure-Based Stepwise Screening of PPARγ Antagonists as Potential Competitors with NCOA1 Coactivator Peptide for PPARγ CIS Site. Int J Pept Res Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-018-9782-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Vagula JM, Rocha BA, Silva AR, Narain N, Bersani-Amado CA, Junior OOS, Visentainer JV. Analysis of Solanum Americanum Mill. by Ultrafast Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array and Time-Of-flight Mass Spectrometry Detection with Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Properties in Rodent Models. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1399413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julianna M. Vagula
- Department of Food Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Bruno A. Rocha
- Department of Food Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alexandre R. Silva
- Laboratory of Flavor & Chromatographic Analysis, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Narendra Narain
- Laboratory of Flavor & Chromatographic Analysis, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | | | - Oscar O. S. Junior
- Department of Food Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jesuí V. Visentainer
- Department of Food Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Effects of Isorhamnetin on Adipocyte Mitochondrial Biogenesis and AMPK Activation. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081853. [PMID: 30044453 PMCID: PMC6222361 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Isorhamnetin (ISOR), 3-O-methylquercetin, is a naturally occurring flavonoid in many plants. It is a metabolite derived from quercetin and is known to exert beneficial effects on the prevention of obesity. However, the molecular mechanism of action involved in ISOR-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation in 3T3-L1 cells remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether ISOR affected mitochondrial biogenesis and AMPK activation, during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Intracellular lipid and triglyceride accumulation, and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity decreased in ISOR-treated cells. The mRNA levels of adipogenic genes, such as the proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), and adipocyte protein 2 (aP2), were inhibited by ISOR. In contrast, mRNA levels of mitochondrial genes, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated reporter gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor (NRF)-1, transcription factor A (Tfam), and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1α (CPT-1α), were all stimulated by ISOR treatment. Mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) copy number and AMPK activity were also stimulated by ISOR. The results suggested that the mitochondrial biogenic effect of ISOR in adipocytes might have been associated with stimulation of mitochondrial gene expression, mtDNA replication, and AMPK activation.
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Ooi DJ, Azmi NH, Imam MU, Alitheen NB, Ismail M. Curculigoside and polyphenol-rich ethyl acetate fraction of Molineria latifolia rhizome improved glucose uptake via potential mTOR/AKT activated GLUT4 translocation. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:1253-1264. [PMID: 30249324 PMCID: PMC9298560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is one of the major organs responsible for rapid restoration of postprandial glucose fluxes. Being the major isoform of glucose transporter in adipose tissue, regulations of insulin-dependent GLUT4 trafficking have always been of research interest. The present study aimed to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying the efficacy of curculigoside and polyphenol-rich ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of Molineria latifolia rhizome in triggering glucose uptake. We assessed the adipogenic potential and glucose uptake stimulatory activity of curculigoside and EAF by employing a murine 3T3-L1 adipocyte model. The transcriptional and translational expressions of selected intermediates in the insulin signalling pathway were evaluated. While curculigoside neither promoted adipogenesis nor activated peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma, treatment with polyphenol-rich EAF resulted otherwise. However, both treatments enhanced insulin-stimulated uptake of glucose. This was coupled with increased availability of GLUT4 at the plasma membrane of the differentiated adipocytes although the total GLUT4 protein level was unaffected. In addition, the treatment increased the phosphorylation of both AKT and mTOR, which have been reported to be associated with GLUT4 translocation. The present findings proposed that curculigoside and EAF increased glucose transport activity of 3T3-L1 adipocytes via GLUT4 translocation as a result of potential mTOR/AKT activation. The more potent efficacy observed with EAF suggested potential synergistic and multi-targeted action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Der Jiun Ooi
- Nutri-Cosmeceuticals, Nutrigenomics & Nanodelivery Programme, Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hanisah Azmi
- Nutri-Cosmeceuticals, Nutrigenomics & Nanodelivery Programme, Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mustapha Umar Imam
- Nutri-Cosmeceuticals, Nutrigenomics & Nanodelivery Programme, Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maznah Ismail
- Nutri-Cosmeceuticals, Nutrigenomics & Nanodelivery Programme, Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Iwata A, Matsubara S, Miyazaki K. Beneficial effects of a beta-cryptoxanthin-containing beverage on body mass index and visceral fat in pre-obese men: Double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel trials. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Polyphenol-rich ethyl acetate fraction isolated from Molineria latifolia ameliorates insulin resistance in experimental diabetic rats via IRS1/AKT activation. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:125-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Antunes-Ricardo M, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Gutiérrez-Uribe JA, Cepeda-Cañedo E, Serna-Saldívar SO. Bioaccessibility, Intestinal Permeability and Plasma Stability of Isorhamnetin Glycosides from Opuntia ficus-indica (L.). Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1816. [PMID: 28829356 PMCID: PMC5578202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Isorhamnetin glycosides are representative compounds of Opuntia ficus-indica that possess different biological activities. There is slight information about the changes in bioaccessibility induced by the glycosylation pattern of flavonoids, particularly for isorhamnetin. In this study, the bioaccessibility and permeability of isorhamnetin glycosides extracted from O. ficus-indica were contrasted with an isorhamnetin standard. Also, the plasma stability of these isorhamnetin glycosides after intravenous administration in rats was evaluated. Recoveries of isorhamnetin after oral and gastric digestion were lower than that observed for its glycosides. After intestinal digestion, isorhamnetin glycosides recoveries were reduced to less than 81.0%. The apparent permeability coefficient from apical (AP) to basolateral (BL) direction (Papp(AP-BL)) of isorhamnetin was 2.6 to 4.6-fold higher than those obtained for its glycosides. Isorhamnetin diglycosides showed higher Papp(AP-BL) values than triglycosides. Sugar substituents affected the Papp(AP-BL) of the triglycosides. Isorhamnetin glycosides were better retained in the circulatory system than the aglycone. After intravenous dose of the isorhamnetin standard, the elimination half-life was 0.64 h but increased to 1.08 h when the O. ficus-indica extract was administered. These results suggest that isorhamnetin glycosides naturally found in O. ficus-indica could be a controlled delivery system to maintain a constant plasmatic concentration of this important flavonoid to exert its biological effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Antunes-Ricardo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
| | - César Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
| | - Janet A Gutiérrez-Uribe
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
| | - Eduardo Cepeda-Cañedo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
| | - Sergio O Serna-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
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Shaofu Zhuyu decoction ameliorates obesity-mediated hepatic steatosis and systemic inflammation by regulating metabolic pathways. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178514. [PMID: 28570676 PMCID: PMC5453538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Shaofu Zhuyu decoction (SFZYD, also known as Sobokchugeo-tang), a classical prescription drug in traditional East Asian medicine, has been used to treat blood stasis syndrome (BSS). Hepatic steatosis is the result of excess caloric intake, and its pathogenesis involves internal retention of phlegm and dampness, blood stasis, and liver Qi stagnation. To evaluate the effects of treatment with SFZYD on obesity-induced inflammation and hepatic steatosis, we fed male C57BL/6N mice a high fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks and then treated them with SFZYD by oral gavage for an additional 4 weeks. The results of histological and biochemical examinations indicated that SFZYD treatment ameliorates systemic inflammation and hepatic steatosis. A partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) scores plot of serum metabolites showed that HFD mice began to produce metabolites similar to those of normal chow (NC) mice after SFZYD administration. We noted significant alterations in the levels of twenty-seven metabolites, alterations indicating that SFZYD regulates the TCA cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway and aromatic amino acid metabolism. Increases in the levels of TCA cycle intermediate metabolites, such as 2-oxoglutaric acid, isocitric acid, and malic acid, in the serum of obese mice were significantly reversed after SFZYD treatment. In addition to inducing changes in the above metabolites, treatment with SFZYD also recovered the expression of genes related to hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction, including Ucp2, Cpt1α, and Ppargc1α, as well as the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation, without affecting glucose uptake or insulin signaling. Taken together, these findings suggest that treatment with SFZYD ameliorated obesity-induced systemic inflammation and hepatic steatosis by regulating inflammatory cytokine and adipokine levels in the circulation and various tissues. Moreover, treatment with SFZYD also reversed alterations in the levels of metabolites of the TCA cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway and aromatic amino acid metabolism.
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Sun QH, Zhang Y, Chou GX. Synthesis and anti-obesity effects in vivo of Crotadihydrofuran C as a novel PPARγ antagonist from Crotalaria albida. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46735. [PMID: 28436456 PMCID: PMC5402262 DOI: 10.1038/srep46735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Crotadihydrofuran C (CC) from the herbs of Crotalaria albida is able to inhibit adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation. However, the effects of CC on obesity and metabolic disorders have not yet been elucidated. In our study, the first enantioselective synthesis of the 2-isopropenyl dihydrofuran isoflavone skeleton (CC) is described. The convenient and efficient synthetic protocols developed skilfully solve the problems of the ortho-para directing group and Suzuki coupling reaction using a boronic acid pinacol ester that was more stable and easy to obtain. Furthermore, CC treatment of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice remarkably reduced their body weight, fat mass, and lipid level as well as improved insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A TR-FRET assay showed that CC was specifically bound to PPARγ LBD, which was further confirmed by the molecular docking study. These results suggest that CC could be a useful and potential natural product for treating metabolic diseases, including obesity, hyperlipidemia insulin resistance and NAFLD, without toxic side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Hu Sun
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cai Lun Road 1200, Zhangjiang, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Gui-Xin Chou
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cai Lun Road 1200, Zhangjiang, Shanghai, 201210, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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Zhu J, Yi X, Liu W, Xu Y, Chen S, Wu Y. Immobilized fusion protein affinity chromatography combined with HPLC–ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS for rapid screening of PPARγ ligands from natural products. Talanta 2017; 165:508-515. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yao H, Qiao YJ, Zhao YL, Tao XF, Xu LN, Yin LH, Qi Y, Peng JY. Herbal medicines and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:6890-6905. [PMID: 27570425 PMCID: PMC4974587 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i30.6890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver of patients who consume little or no alcohol, becomes increasingly common with rapid economic development. Long-term excess fat accumulation leads to NAFLD and represents a global health problem with no effective therapeutic approach. NAFLD is considered to be a series of complex, multifaceted pathological processes involving oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and metabolism. Over the past decades, herbal medicines have garnered growing attention as potential therapeutic agents to prevent and treat NAFLD, due to their high efficacy and low risk of side effects. In this review, we evaluate the use of herbal medicines (including traditional Chinese herbal formulas, crude extracts from medicinal plants, and pure natural products) to treat NAFLD. These herbal medicines are natural resources that can inform innovative drug research and the development of treatments for NAFLD in the future.
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