1
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Battalapalli D, Chakraborty P, Jain D, Obaro SK, Gurkan UA, Bonomo RA, Draz MS. Polyethylene Glycol-Mediated Directional Conjugation of Biological Molecules for Enhanced Immunoassays at the Point-of-Care. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3316. [PMID: 37571209 PMCID: PMC10422345 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid and reliable point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tests can have a significant impact on global health. One of the most common approaches for developing POC systems is the use of target-specific biomolecules. However, the conjugation of biomolecules can result in decreased activity, which may compromise the analytical performance and accuracy of the developed systems. To overcome this challenge, we present a polymer-based cross-linking protocol for controlled and directed conjugation of biological molecules. Our protocol utilizes a bifunctional thiol-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-hydrazide polymer to enable site-directed conjugation of IgG antibodies to the surface of screen-printed metal electrodes. The metal surface of the electrodes is first modified with thiolated PEG molecules, leaving the hydrazide groups available to react with the aldehyde group in the Fc fragments of the oxidized IgG antibodies. Using anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-2 (KPC-2) antibody as a model antibody used for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) testing, our results demonstrate a ~10-fold increase in antibody coupling compared with the standard N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-based conjugation chemistry and effective capture (>94%) of the target KPC-2 enzyme antigen on the surface of modified electrodes. This straightforward and easy-to-perform strategy of site-directed antibody conjugation can be engineered for coupling other protein- and non-protein-based biological molecules commonly used in POC testing and development, thus enhancing the potential for improved diagnostic accuracy and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Purbali Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Disha Jain
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Stephen K. Obaro
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Umut A. Gurkan
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Robert A. Bonomo
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- CWRU-Cleveland VAMC Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mohamed S. Draz
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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2
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Leonard E, Aller Pellitero M, Juelg B, Spangler JB, Arroyo-Currás N. Antibody-Invertase Fusion Protein Enables Quantitative Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Using Widely Available Glucometers. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11226-11237. [PMID: 35675509 PMCID: PMC9199438 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Rapid diagnostics that can accurately inform patients of disease risk and protection are critical to mitigating the spread of the current COVID-19 pandemic and future infectious disease outbreaks. To be effective, such diagnostics must rely on simple, cost-effective, and widely available equipment and should be compatible with existing telehealth infrastructure to facilitate data access and remote care. Commercial glucometers are an established detection technology that can overcome the cost, time, and trained personnel requirements of current benchtop-based antibody serology assays when paired with reporter molecules that catalyze glucose conversion. To this end, we developed an enzymatic reporter that, when bound to disease-specific patient antibodies, produces glucose in proportion to the level of antibodies present in the patient sample. Although a straightforward concept, the coupling of enzymatic reporters to secondary antibodies or antigens often results in low yields, indeterminant stoichiometry, reduced target binding, and poor catalytic efficiency. Our enzymatic reporter is a novel fusion protein that comprises an antihuman immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody genetically fused to two invertase molecules. The resulting fusion protein retains the binding affinity and catalytic activity of the constituent proteins and serves as an accurate reporter for immunoassays. Using this fusion, we demonstrate quantitative glucometer-based measurement of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies in blinded clinical sample training sets. Our results demonstrate the ability to detect SARS-CoV-2-specific IgGs in patient serum with precise agreement to benchmark commercial immunoassays. Because our fusion protein binds all human IgG isotypes, it represents a versatile tool for detection of disease-specific antibodies in a broad range of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa
K. Leonard
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Translational
Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins
University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Miguel Aller Pellitero
- Department
of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Boris Juelg
- Ragon
Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jamie B. Spangler
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Translational
Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins
University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- Department
of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School
of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United
States
- Bloomberg−Kimmel
Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer
Center Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United
States
- Department
of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Netzahualcóyotl Arroyo-Currás
- Department
of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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3
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Production of pentaglycine-fused proteins using Escherichia coli expression system without in vitro peptidase treatment. Protein Expr Purif 2022; 194:106068. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Fabrication of Fragment Antibody–Enzyme Complex as a Sensing Element for Immunosensing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031335. [PMID: 35163258 PMCID: PMC8836092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody–enzyme complexes (AECs) are ideal molecular recognition elements for immunosensing applications. One molecule possesses both a binding ability to specific targets and catalytic activity to gain signals, particularly oxidoreductases, which can be integrated into rapid and sensitive electrochemical measurements. The development of AECs using fragment antibodies rather than intact antibodies, such as immunoglobulin G (IgG), has attracted attention for overcoming the ethical and cost issues associated with the production of intact antibodies. Conventionally, chemical conjugation has been used to fabricate AECs; however, controlling stoichiometric conjugation using this method is difficult. To prepare homogeneous AECs, methods based on direct fusion and enzymatic conjugation have been developed, and more convenient methods using Catcher/Tag systems as coupling modules have been reported. In this review, we summarize the methods for fabricating AECs using fragment antibodies developed for sensing applications and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method.
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5
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Zhao J, Xu J, Yang T, Yu X, Cheng C, Zhang T, Ren Z, Li N, Yang F, Li G. Expression, purification and characterisation of a human anti-CDK4 single-chain variable fragment antibody. BMC Biotechnol 2021; 21:71. [PMID: 34930213 PMCID: PMC8690526 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-021-00729-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) when hyperactivated drives development and maintenance of most tumour types, thus prompting its use as an essential cancer treatment target and a diagnostic tool. Target-binding molecules, such as single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies, hold tremendous potential for use in a wide range of cancer diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Results A human anti-CDK4 scFv antibody (AK2) derived from a human phage display library was expressed in soluble form in Escherichia coli and shown to be secreted into the culture supernatant. Next, soluble AK2 within culture supernatant was successfully purified using affinity chromatography then was shown, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, to bind to recombinant human CDK4 with high affinity and specificity. Further analyses of AK2 interactions with intracellular components demonstrated that AK2 recognised and interacted specifically with endogenous CDK4 and thus could be useful for detection of CDK4 within tumour cells. Conclusions A novel anti-CDK4 scFv antibody that can recognise and interact specifically with recombinant human CDK4 and endogenous CDK4 in tumour cells was expressed and purified successfully. These results suggest that the anti-CDK4 scFv antibody may serve as a new and promising tool for achieving CDK4-targeted diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of numerous types of cancers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12896-021-00729-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Tianbin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xinze Yu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Ze Ren
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Guiying Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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6
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Miura D, Kimura H, Tsugawa W, Ikebukuro K, Sode K, Asano R. Rapid, convenient, and highly sensitive detection of human hemoglobin in serum using a high-affinity bivalent antibody-enzyme complex. Talanta 2021; 234:122638. [PMID: 34364447 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Human hemoglobin (Hb) is a biomarker of several diseases, and monitoring of Hb levels is required during emergent surgery. However, rapid and sensitive Hb detection methods are yet to be developed. The present study established a rapid, convenient, and highly sensitive detection method for Hb in human serum using a bivalent antibody-enzyme complex (AEC). AECs are promising sensing elements because of their ability to bind specific targets and their catalytic activity that produce signals. We recently reported a convenient and universal method to fabricate bivalent AECs with two antibody fragments, using the SpyCatcher/SpyTag system. The present study applied a bivalent AEC for highly sensitive and quantitative detection of human Hb. The bivalent anti-Hb AEC was successfully prepared by incubating both N- and C-terminus SpyCatcher-fused glucose dehydrogenase and SpyTag-fused anti-Hb single-chain variable fragments at 4 °C. As expected, the bivalent AEC for Hb with a multimeric structure showed higher affinity than the monovalent AEC, by means of avidity effects, unlike that for soluble epidermal growth factor receptor with a monomeric structure; this contributed to a great improvement in sensitivity. Finally, we established a rapid and wash-free homogeneous electrochemical detection system for Hb by integrating magnetic beads. The linear range of the system completely covered the clinically required Hb levels, even in human serum. This technology provides an ideal point-of-care test for Hb and other multimeric biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daimei Miura
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Hayato Kimura
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Wakako Tsugawa
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ikebukuro
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Koji Sode
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Ryutaro Asano
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.
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7
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Lim CC, Chan SK, Lim YY, Ishikawa Y, Choong YS, Nagaoka Y, Lim TS. Development and structural characterisation of human scFv targeting MDM2 spliced variant MDM2 15kDa. Mol Immunol 2021; 135:191-203. [PMID: 33930714 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The murine double minute 2 (MDM2) protein is a major negative regulator of the tumour suppressor protein p53. Under normal conditions, MDM2 constantly binds to p53 transactivation domain and/or ubiquinates p53 via its role as E3 ubiquitin ligase to promote p53 degradation as well as nuclear export to maintain p53 levels in cells. Meanwhile, amplification of MDM2 and appearance of MDM2 spliced variants occur in many tumours and normal tissues making it a prognostic indicator for human cancers. The mutation or deletion of p53 protein in half of human cancers inactivates its tumour suppressor activity. However, cancers with wild type p53 have its function effectively inhibited through direct interaction with MDM2 oncoprotein. Here, we described the construction of a MDM2 spliced variant (rMDM215kDa) consisting of SWIB/MDM2 domain and its central region for antibody generation. Biopanning with a human naïve scFv library generated four scFv clones specific to rMDM215kDa. Additionally, the selected scFv clones were able to bind to the recombinant full length MDM2 (rMDM2-FL). Computational prediction showed that the selected scFv clones potentially bind to exon 7-8 of MDM2 while leaving the MDM2/SWIB domain free for p53 interaction. The developed antibodies exhibit good specificity can be further investigated for downstream biomedical and research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Chiu Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Soo Khim Chan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yee Ying Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yuya Ishikawa
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan
| | - Yee Siew Choong
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yasuo Nagaoka
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan
| | - Theam Soon Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia; Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
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8
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Rapid and homogeneous electrochemical detection by fabricating a high affinity bispecific antibody-enzyme complex using two Catcher/Tag systems. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 175:112885. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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9
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Berckman EA, Hartzell EJ, Mitkas AA, Sun Q, Chen W. Biological Assembly of Modular Protein Building Blocks as Sensing, Delivery, and Therapeutic Agents. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2020; 11:35-62. [PMID: 32155350 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101519-121526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nature has evolved a wide range of strategies to create self-assembled protein nanostructures with structurally defined architectures that serve a myriad of highly specialized biological functions. With the advent of biological tools for site-specific protein modifications and de novo protein design, a wide range of customized protein nanocarriers have been created using both natural and synthetic biological building blocks to mimic these native designs for targeted biomedical applications. In this review, different design frameworks and synthetic decoration strategies for achieving these functional protein nanostructures are summarized. Key attributes of these designer protein nanostructures, their unique functions, and their impact on biosensing and therapeutic applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Berckman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA; .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Emily J Hartzell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA;
| | - Alexander A Mitkas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA;
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Wilfred Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA;
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10
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Zhang J, Lan T, Lu Y. Translating in vitro diagnostics from centralized laboratories to point-of-care locations using commercially-available handheld meters. Trends Analyt Chem 2020; 124:115782. [PMID: 32194293 PMCID: PMC7081941 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing demand for high-performance point-of-care (POC) diagnostic technologies where in vitro diagnostics (IVD) is fundamental for prevention, identification, and treatment of many diseases. Over the past decade, a shift of IVDs from the centralized laboratories to POC settings is emerging. In this review, we summarize recent progress in translating IVDs from centralized labs to POC settings using commercially available handheld meters. After introducing typical workflows for IVDs and highlight innovative technologies in this area, we discuss advantages of using commercially available handheld meters for translating IVDs from centralized labs to POC settings. We then provide comprehensive coverage of different signal transduction strategies to repurpose the commercially-available handheld meters, including personal glucose meter, pH meter, thermometer and pressure meter, for detecting a wide range of targets by integrating biochemical assays with the meters for POC testing. Finally, we identify remaining challenges and offer future outlook in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- JingJing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life
Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing
210023, China
| | - Tian Lan
- GlucoSentient, Inc., 2100 S. Oak Street, Suite 101,
Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at
Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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11
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Islam J, Riley BT, Fercher C, Jones ML, Buckle AM, Howard CB, Cox RP, Bell TDM, Mahler S, Corrie SR. Wavelength-Dependent Fluorescent Immunosensors via Incorporation of Polarity Indicators near the Binding Interface of Antibody Fragments. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7631-7638. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaul Islam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Blake T. Riley
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Christian Fercher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Martina L. Jones
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ashley M. Buckle
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Christopher B. Howard
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rosalind P. Cox
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Toby D. M. Bell
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Stephen Mahler
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Simon R. Corrie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
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12
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Lim CC, Woo PCY, Lim TS. Development of a Phage Display Panning Strategy Utilizing Crude Antigens: Isolation of MERS-CoV Nucleoprotein human antibodies. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6088. [PMID: 30988390 PMCID: PMC6465254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42628-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody phage display has been pivotal in the quest to generate human monoclonal antibodies for biomedical and research applications. Target antigen preparation is a main bottleneck associated with the panning process. This includes production complexity, downstream purification, quality and yield. In many instances, purified antigens are preferred for panning but this may not be possible for certain difficult target antigens. Here, we describe an improved procedure of affinity selection against crude or non-purified antigen by saturation of non-binders with blocking agents to promote positive binder enrichment termed as Yin-Yang panning. A naïve human scFv library with kappa light chain repertoire with a library size of 109 was developed. The improved Yin-Yang biopanning process was able to enrich monoclonal antibodies specific to the MERS-CoV nucleoprotein. Three unique monoclonal antibodies were isolated in the process. The Yin-Yang biopanning method highlights the possibility of utilizing crude antigens for the isolation of monoclonal antibodies by phage display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Chiu Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Theam Soon Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
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13
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Bioengineering of microbial transglutaminase for biomedical applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:2973-2984. [PMID: 30805670 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09669-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbial transglutaminase (mTGase) is commonly known in the food industry as meat glue due to its incredible ability to "glue" meat proteins together. Aside from being widely exploited in the meat processing industries, mTGase is also widely applied in other food and textile industries by catalysing the formation of isopeptide bonds between peptides or protein substrates. The advancement of technology has opened up new avenues for mTGase in the field of biomedical engineering. Efforts have been made to study the structural properties of mTGase in order to gain an in-depth understanding of the structure-function relationship. This review highlights the developments in mTGase engineering together with its role in biomedical applications including biomaterial fabrication for tissue engineering and biotherapeutics.
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14
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Dai X, Böker A, Glebe U. Broadening the scope of sortagging. RSC Adv 2019; 9:4700-4721. [PMID: 35514663 PMCID: PMC9060782 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06705h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sortases are enzymes occurring in the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. Sortase A (SrtA), the best studied sortase class, plays a key role in anchoring surface proteins with the recognition sequence LPXTG covalently to oligoglycine units of the bacterial cell wall. This unique transpeptidase activity renders SrtA attractive for various purposes and motivated researchers to study multiple in vivo and in vitro ligations in the last decades. This ligation technique is known as sortase-mediated ligation (SML) or sortagging and developed to a frequently used method in basic research. The advantages are manifold: extremely high substrate specificity, simple access to substrates and enzyme, robust nature and easy handling of sortase A. In addition to the ligation of two proteins or peptides, early studies already included at least one artificial (peptide equipped) substrate into sortagging reactions - which demonstrates the versatility and broad applicability of SML. Thus, SML is not only a biology-related technique, but has found prominence as a major interdisciplinary research tool. In this review, we provide an overview about the use of sortase A in interdisciplinary research, mainly for protein modification, synthesis of protein-polymer conjugates and immobilization of proteins on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Dai
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Geiselbergstr. 69 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Polymermaterialien und Polymertechnologie, Universität Potsdam 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - Alexander Böker
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Geiselbergstr. 69 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Polymermaterialien und Polymertechnologie, Universität Potsdam 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
| | - Ulrich Glebe
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP Geiselbergstr. 69 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany
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15
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Kimura H, Asano R, Tsukamoto N, Tsugawa W, Sode K. Convenient and Universal Fabrication Method for Antibody–Enzyme Complexes as Sensing Elements Using the SpyCatcher/SpyTag System. Anal Chem 2018; 90:14500-14506. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Koji Sode
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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16
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Zhang L, Gu C, Ma H, Zhu L, Wen J, Xu H, Liu H, Li L. Portable glucose meter: trends in techniques and its potential application in analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:21-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1361-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Shen M, Rusling J, Dixit CK. Site-selective orientated immobilization of antibodies and conjugates for immunodiagnostics development. Methods 2017; 116:95-111. [PMID: 27876681 PMCID: PMC5374010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immobilized antibody systems are the key to develop efficient diagnostics and separations tools. In the last decade, developments in the field of biomolecular engineering and crosslinker chemistry have greatly influenced the development of this field. With all these new approaches at our disposal, several new immobilization methods have been created to address the main challenges associated with immobilized antibodies. Few of these challenges that we have discussed in this review are mainly associated to the site-specific immobilization, appropriate orientation, and activity retention. We have discussed the effect of antibody immobilization approaches on the parameters on the performance of an immunoassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060
| | - James Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 060
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Chandra K Dixit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060
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18
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Chung HS, Lee S, Park SJ. Oxidation Protection in Metal-Binding Peptide Motif and Its Application to Antibody for Site-Selective Conjugation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159451. [PMID: 27420328 PMCID: PMC4946781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate that a metal ion binding motif could serve as an efficient and robust tool for site-specific conjugation strategy. Cysteine-containing metal binding motifs were constructed as single repeat or tandem repeat peptides and their metal binding characteristics were investigated. The tandem repeats of the Cysteine-Glycine-Histidine (CGH) metal ion binding motif exhibited concerted binding to Co(II) ions, suggesting that conformational transition of peptide was triggered by the sequential metal ion binding. Evaluation of the free thiol content after reduction by reducing reagent showed that metal-ion binding elicited strong retardation of cysteine oxidation in the order of Zn(II)>Ni(II)>Co(II). The CGH metal ion binding motif was then introduced to the C-terminus of antibody heavy chain and the metal ion-dependent characteristics of oxidation kinetics were investigated. As in the case of peptides, CGH-motif-introduced antibody exhibited strong dependence on metal ion binding to protect against oxidation. Zn(II)-saturated antibody with tandem repeat of CGH motif retains the cysteine reactivity as long as 22 hour even with saturating O2 condition. Metal-ion dependent fluorophore labeling clearly indicated that metal binding motifs could be employed as an efficient tool for site-specific conjugation. Whereas Trastuzumab without a metal ion binding site exhibited site-nonspecific dye conjugation, Zn(II) ion binding to antibody with a tandem repeat of CGH motif showed that fluorophores were site-specifically conjugated to the heavy chain of antibody. We believe that this strong metal ion dependence on oxidation protection and the resulting site-selective conjugation could be exploited further to develop a highly site-specific conjugation strategy for proteins that contain multiple intrinsic cysteine residues, including monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Shin Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Nano Technology, Hannam University, 1646, Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
- Alteogen Inc., Yuseong-daero 62, Jeon-min Dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sunbae Lee
- Alteogen Inc., Yuseong-daero 62, Jeon-min Dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Soon Jae Park
- Alteogen Inc., Yuseong-daero 62, Jeon-min Dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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