1
|
Hosseininasab SS, Dhiaa SM, Shahrtash SA, Lak M, Faghihkhorasani A, Mahdi F. The interaction between klotho protein and epigenetic alteration in diabetes and treatment options. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:333-341. [PMID: 38932867 PMCID: PMC11196449 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-024-01387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Klotho is a membrane protein predominantly expressed in the kidneys, and its discovery was serendipitously made through gene-targeting experiments conducted on mice. Klotho has a favorable role in the regulation of multiple cellular processes, such as aging, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. This regulation occurs through the targeting of diverse signaling molecules, cell membrane receptors, and ion channels, achieved by physical contacts or enzymatic activities of Klotho. This review examines the role of Klotho in the epigenetic regulation of molecules associated with diabetes. Methods Authors conducted a thorough literature search using the PubMed®, Web of Science™, and Scopus®. Relevant articles up to September 2023, published in the English language were considered. We reviewed research databases searching for studies that included keywords klotho, epigenetic, and diabetes. Results 14 related papers about epigenetic modification of proteins involved in diabetes pathogenesis were selected to be included in this narrative review. In the studies, the kidney was the most investigated organ regarding this correlation. Also, phosphorylation and methylation were the common epigenetic modifications of proteins by Klotho. Conclusion Klotho has a significant role in the maturation of adipocytes and the regulation of systemic glucose metabolism, exhibiting a strong association with the pathogenesis of diabetes. Both epigenetic alterations and the modulation of protein phosphorylation by Klotho play significant roles in the regulation of Klotho expression and the modulation of other molecules implicated in the etiology of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mehrnoosh Lak
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Mahdi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Roccatello D, Lan HY, Sciascia S, Sethi S, Fornoni A, Glassock R. From inflammation to renal fibrosis: A one-way road in autoimmunity? Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103466. [PMID: 37848157 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is now recognized as a main determinant of renal pathology to include chronic kidney disease. Deposition of pathological matrix in the walls of glomerular capillaries, the interstitial space, and around arterioles predicts and contributes to the functional demise of the nephron and its surrounding vasculature. The recent identification of the major cell populations of fibroblast precursors in the kidney interstitium such as pericytes and tissue-resident mesenchymal stem cells, or bone-marrow-derived macrophages, and in the glomerulus such as podocytes, parietal epithelial and mesangial cells, has enabled the study of the fibrogenic process thought the lens of involved immunological pathways. Besides, a growing body of evidence is supporting the role of the lymphatic system in modulating the immunological response potentially leading to inflammation and ultimately renal damage. These notions have moved our understanding of renal fibrosis to be recognized as a clinical entity and new main player in autoimmunity, impacting directly the management of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Roccatello
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases (ERK-net, ERN-Reconnect and RITA-ERN Member) with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatology and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley (North-West Italy), San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital, ASL Città di Torino and Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences of the University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases,Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Savino Sciascia
- University Center of Excellence on Nephrologic, Rheumatologic and Rare Diseases (ERK-net, ERN-Reconnect and RITA-ERN Member) with Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Center of Immuno-Rheumatology and Rare Diseases (CMID), Coordinating Center of the Interregional Network for Rare Diseases of Piedmont and Aosta Valley (North-West Italy), San Giovanni Bosco Hub Hospital, ASL Città di Torino and Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences of the University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sanjeev Sethi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Richard Glassock
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun YH, Zhao TJ, Li LH, Wang Z, Li HB. Emerging role of N6-methyladenosine in the homeostasis of glucose metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E1-E13. [PMID: 37938178 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00225.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent post-transcriptional internal RNA modification, which is involved in the regulation of diverse physiological processes. Dynamic and reversible m6A modification has been shown to regulate glucose metabolism, and dysregulation of m6A modification contributes to glucose metabolic disorders in multiple organs and tissues including the pancreas, liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, kidney, blood vessels, and so forth. In this review, the role and molecular mechanism of m6A modification in the regulation of glucose metabolism were summarized, the potential therapeutic strategies that improve glucose metabolism by targeting m6A modifiers were outlined, and feasible directions of future research in this field were discussed as well, providing clues for translational research on combating metabolic diseases based on m6A modification in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hai Sun
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng-Jiao Zhao
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Huan Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Allergy Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Bing Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
He J, Cui J, Shi Y, Wang T, Xin J, Li Y, Shan X, Zhu Z, Gao Y. Astragaloside IV Attenuates High-Glucose-Induced Impairment in Diabetic Nephropathy by Increasing Klotho Expression via the NF- κB/NLRP3 Axis. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:7423661. [PMID: 37261217 PMCID: PMC10228232 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7423661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Deficiencies in klotho are implicated in various kidney dysfunctions including diabetic nephropathy (DN) related to inflammatory responses. Klotho is closely related to inflammatory responses and is a potential target for ameliorating kidney failure. Pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of programmed cell death, is reported to take part in DN pathogenesis recently. This study is aimed at exploring whether and how klotho inhibited podocyte pyroptosis and whether astragaloside IV (AS-IV) protect podocyte through the regulation of klotho. Materials and Methods SD rat model of DN and conditionally immortalized mouse podocytes exposed to high glucose were treated with AS-IV. Biochemical assays and morphological examination, cell viability assay, cell transfection, phalloidin staining, ELISA, LDH release assay, SOD and MDA detection, MMP assay, ROS level detection, flow cytometry analysis, TUNEL staining assay, PI/Hoechst 33342 staining, immunofluorescence assay, and western blot were performed to elucidate podocyte pyroptosis and to observe the renal morphology. Results The treatment of AS-IV can improve renal function and protect podocytes exposed to high glucose. Klotho was decreased, and AS-IV increased klotho levels in serum and kidney tissue of DN rats as well as podocytes exposed to high glucose. AS-IV can inhibit DN glomeruli pyroptosis in vivo. In vitro, overexpressed klotho and treatment with AS-IV inhibited pyroptosis of podocytes cultured in high glucose. Klotho knockdown promoted podocyte pyroptosis, and treatment with AS-IV reversed this effect. Furthermore, the overexpression of klotho and AS-IV reduces oxidative stress levels and inhibited NF-κB activation and NLRP3-mediated podocytes' pyroptosis which was abolished by klotho knockdown. In addition, both the ROS inhibitor NAC and the NF-κB pathway inhibitor PDTC can inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation. NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 can inhibit pyroptosis of podocytes exposed to high glucose. Conclusion Altogether, our results demonstrate that the protective effect of AS-IV in upregulating klotho expression in diabetes-induced podocyte injury is associated with the inhibition of NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis via the NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin He
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Junyan Xin
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yimeng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Shan
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyao Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li SS, Sheng MJ, Sun ZY, Liang Y, Yu LX, Liu QF. Upstream and downstream regulators of Klotho expression in chronic kidney disease. Metabolism 2023; 142:155530. [PMID: 36868370 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Klotho is a critical protein that protects the kidney. Klotho is severely downregulated in chronic kidney disease (CKD), and its deficiency is implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of CKD. Conversely, an increase in Klotho levels results in improved kidney function and delays CKD progression, supporting the notion that modulating Klotho levels could represent a possible therapeutic strategy for CKD treatment. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanisms responsible for the loss of Klotho remain elusive. Previous studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress, inflammation, and epigenetic modifications can modulate Klotho levels. These mechanisms result in a decrease in Klotho mRNA transcript levels and reduced translation, thus can be grouped together as upstream regulatory mechanisms. However, therapeutic strategies that aim to rescue Klotho levels by targeting these upstream mechanisms do not always result in increased Klotho, indicating the involvement of other regulatory mechanisms. Emerging evidence has shown that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, the unfolded protein response, and ER-associated degradation also affect the modification, translocation, and degradation of Klotho, and thus are proposed to be downstream regulatory mechanisms. Here, we discuss the current understanding of upstream and downstream regulatory mechanisms of Klotho and examine potential therapeutic strategies to upregulate Klotho expression for CKD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Li
- Clinical Research & Lab Centre, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, China
| | - Ming-Jie Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, China
| | - Zhuo-Yi Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, China
| | - Li-Xia Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, China.
| | - Qi-Feng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, 91 Qianjin West Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Qiu J, Liu X, Yang G, Gui Z, Ding S. MiR-29b level-mediated regulation of Klotho methylation via DNMT3A targeting in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cells Dev 2023; 174:203827. [PMID: 36758856 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic lung disease characterized by chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) is the predominant cause of COPD. This study aimed to investigate the effects of miR-29b and their underlying mechanisms in a COPD cell model. MiR-29b and DNMT3A expression in lung tissue samples (taken at least 5 cm away from the tumor lesion) of NSCLC cases with smoking (n = 30), without smoking (n = 30), and with COPD (with smoking) (n = 30) was researched by qRT-PCR. A medium containing 10 % CSE was employed to induce murine alveolar macrophage MH-S cells to establish COPD cells. 5-Aza-cdr (5-AZA-2'-deoxycytidine) was used to block DNMT3A. The relationship and interaction between miR-29b and DNMT3A were validated through the dual luciferase reporter assay. The expression levels of macrophage M1 polarization marker proteins iNOS and TNF-α, DNMT3A, and Klotho protein were monitored using western blotting. The methylation levels of the miR-29b precursor gene and Klotho promoter were detected by quantitative methylation-specific PCR (MS-qPCR). The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in cell culture medium were detected via ELISA. It was found that the expression of miR-29b was downregulated, as a result of increased DNA methylation, and that of DNMT3A was upregulated in the lung tissues of NSCLC cases with COPD (with smoking). DNMT3A expression was negatively correlated with miR-29b expression in the lung tissues of NSCLC cases with COPD (with smoking). In addition, miR-29b expression was distinctly downregulated in CSE-induced MH-S cells and inhibited CSE-induced M1 polarization and inflammation. Importantly, DNMT3A was identified as a direct target gene of miR-29b. MiR-29b is negatively regulated by DNMT3A-mediated DNA methylation. Moreover, Klotho expression was downregulated and the Klotho promoter methylation level was increased in lung tissues of NSCLC cases with COPD (with smoking). The negative feedback between miR-29b and DNMT3A modulates CSE-induced M1 polarization and inflammation in macrophages as well as Klotho promoter methylation in CSE-mediated MH-S. Collectively, these findings indicate that the miR-29b level in COPD controls Klotho methylation via DNMT3, which maybe a promising target for the treatment of COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Xiuming Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Guilan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Zhenzhen Gui
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Shengquan Ding
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Ningxia Corps Hospital of Armed Police Force, Yinchuan 750004, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Klotho, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Damage in Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020239. [PMID: 36829798 PMCID: PMC9952437 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing oxidative stress stands at the center of a prevention and control strategy for mitigating cellular senescence and aging. Kidney disease is characterized by a premature aging syndrome, and to find a modulator targeting against oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular senescence in kidney cells could be of great significance to prevent and control the progression of this disease. This review focuses on the pathogenic mechanisms related to the appearance of oxidative stress damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney disease. In this scenario, the anti-aging Klotho protein plays a crucial role by modulating signaling pathways involving the manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and the transcription factors FoxO and Nrf2, known antioxidant systems, and other known mitochondrial function regulators, such as mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2), Wnt/β-catenin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1 alpha), transcription factor EB, (TFEB), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma). Therefore, Klotho is postulated as a very promising new target for future therapeutic strategies against oxidative stress, mitochondria abnormalities, and cellular senescence in kidney disease patients.
Collapse
|
8
|
Tang A, Zhang Y, Wu L, Lin Y, Lv L, Zhao L, Xu B, Huang Y, Li M. Klotho's impact on diabetic nephropathy and its emerging connection to diabetic retinopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1180169. [PMID: 37143722 PMCID: PMC10151763 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1180169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide and is a significant burden on healthcare systems. α-klotho (klotho) is a protein known for its anti-aging properties and has been shown to delay the onset of age-related diseases. Soluble klotho is produced by cleavage of the full-length transmembrane protein by a disintegrin and metalloproteases, and it exerts various physiological effects by circulating throughout the body. In type 2 diabetes and its complications DN, a significant decrease in klotho expression has been observed. This reduction in klotho levels may indicate the progression of DN and suggest that klotho may be involved in multiple pathological mechanisms that contribute to the onset and development of DN. This article examines the potential of soluble klotho as a therapeutic agent for DN, with a focus on its ability to impact multiple pathways. These pathways include anti-inflammatory and oxidative stress, anti-fibrotic, endothelial protection, prevention of vascular calcification, regulation of metabolism, maintenance of calcium and phosphate homeostasis, and regulation of cell fate through modulation of autophagy, apoptosis, and pyroptosis pathways. Diabetic retinopathy shares similar pathological mechanisms with DN, and targeting klotho may offer new insights into the prevention and treatment of both conditions. Finally, this review assesses the potential of various drugs used in clinical practice to modulate klotho levels through different mechanisms and their potential to improve DN by impacting klotho levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Ling Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Lizeyu Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Liangbin Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Bojun Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Youqun Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingquan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Mingquan Li,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang Y, Li T, Li N, Huang C, Xiong X, Xie X, Wu M, Wang L, Jiang J. 6-O-desulfated heparin attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice through the regulation of miR-199a-5p/klotho axis. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:747-758. [PMID: 36107266 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heparin has been documented to reduce myocardial injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), but its clinical application is limited due to its strong intrinsic anticoagulant property. Some desulfated derivatives of heparin display low anticoagulant activity and may have potential value as therapeutic agents for myocardial I/R injury. In this study, we observed that 6-O-desulfated heparin, a desulfated derivative of heparin, shortened the activated partial thromboplastin time and exhibited lower anticoagulant activity compared with heparin or 2-O-desulfated heparin (another desulfated derivative of heparin). Then, we explored whether 6-O-desulfated heparin could protect against myocardial I/R injury, and elucidated its possible mechanisms. Administration of 6-O-desulfated heparin significantly reduced creatine kinase activity, myocardial infarct size and cell apoptosis in mice subjected to 30 min of myocardial ischemia following 2 h of reperfusion, accompanied by a reverse in miR-199a-5p elevation, klotho downregulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. In cultured H9c2 cells, the mechanism of 6-O-desulfated heparin against myocardial I/R injury was further explored. Consistent with the results in vivo, 6-O-desulfated heparin significantly ameliorated hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury, upregulated klotho and decreased miR-199a-5p levels and ROS accumulation, and these effects were reversed by miR-199a-5p mimics. In conclusion, these results suggested that 6-O-desulfated heparin with lower anticoagulant activity attenuated myocardial I/R injury through miR-199a-5p/klotho and ROS signaling. Our study may also indicate that 6-O-desulfated heparin, as an excellent heparin derivative, is a potential therapeutic agent for myocardial I/R injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, 276826, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Niansheng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Chuyi Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoming Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Meiting Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Lianchun Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani School of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, University of South Florida, FL, 33613, Tampa, USA
| | - Junlin Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Song Y, Nie L, Wang M, Liao W, Huan C, Jia Z, Wei D, Liu P, Fan K, Mao Z, Wang C, Huo W. Differential Expression of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA and Their Related Functional Networks in New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Chinese Rural Adults. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13112073. [PMID: 36360309 PMCID: PMC9690016 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggested that the expression and inter-regulation of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and messenger RNA (mRNA) were related to the development of diabetes. Based on bioinformatics analysis, this study aimed to comprehensively analyze the dysregulated RNA molecules related to new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Twenty-four patients with new-onset T2DM were included as cases, and sex- and age-matched participants were included as controls. The differentially expressed lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs between the two groups were screened by RNA sequencing. LncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network and enrichment analysis were used to reveal the RNA molecules that were potentially associated with T2DM and their early changes. A total of 123 lncRNAs, 49 miRNAs, and 312 mRNAs were differentially expressed in the new-onset T2DM (fold change ≥ 1.5 and p value < 0.05). Functional analysis revealed that differentially expressed RNAs were likely to play essential roles in diabetes-related pathways. In addition, the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network screened multiple hub mRNAs, and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks showed that a single miRNA could be related to multiple lncRNAs, and then they coregulated more mRNAs. SLC25A4, PLCB1, AGTR2, PRKN, and SCD5 were shown to be important mRNAs in T2DM, and miR-199b-5p, miR-202-5p, miR-548o-3p as well as miR-1255b-5p could be involved in their regulation. In conclusion, several new and previously identified dysregulated lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs were found to be vital biomarkers in T2DM. Their alterations and interactions could modulate the pathophysiology of T2DM. Those findings may provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Luting Nie
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mian Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wei Liao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Changsheng Huan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zexin Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dandan Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Pengling Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Keliang Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhenxing Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wenqian Huo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-371-67781452; Fax: +86-371-67781868
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mora-Fernández C, Sánchez-Niño MD, Donate-Correa J, Martín-Núñez E, Pérez-Delgado N, Valiño-Rivas L, Fernández-Fernández B, Ortiz A, Navarro-González JF. Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors increase Klotho in patients with diabetic kidney disease: A clinical and experimental study. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113677. [PMID: 36942605 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) provide cardiorenal protection. However, the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. We explored the impact of SGLT2i on Klotho, a kidney-derived protein with antiaging, renal-protective and heart-protective properties. A real world prospective observational study addressed the impact of initiating SGLT2i (canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin) or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) in patients with early diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Serum and urinary soluble Klotho, albuminuria and serum and urinary tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFa) were measured. The effect of SGLT2i on Klotho mRNA and protein was explored in vitro in kidney proximal tubular cells stressed with high glucose concentrations to simulate the diabetic milieu, albumin to simulate albuminuria, and the inflammatory cytokine TWEAK to simulate the inflammatory environment in DKD. Baseline urinary Klotho was negatively associated with albuminuria (r - 0.45, P < 0.001) and urinary TNFa (r - 0.40, P < 0.01). Both DPP4i and SGLT2i reduced HbA1c similarly, but only SGLT2i decreased eGFR, albuminuria and urinary TNFa and increased (P < 0.001) serum (5.2 %) and urinary Klotho (38.9 %). Changes in urinary TNFa (β - 0.53, P = 0.001) and albuminuria (β - 0.31, P < 0.05) were independently associated with changes in urinary Klotho (adjusted R2 = 0.54, P < 0.001). Studies in renal tubular cells demonstrated that high glucose, albumin and TWEAK decreased Klotho mRNA expression and protein levels, an effect similarly prevented by SGLT2i. SGLT2i increase Klotho availability in type 2 diabetic patients with poorly controlled diabetes and early DKD, as well as in stressed tubular cells. This effect on Klotho may contribute to the kidney and heart protection afforded by SGLT2i.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Mora-Fernández
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria (HUNSC), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el Estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, Santander, Spain; RICORS2040 KIDNEY DISEASE, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Dolores Sánchez-Niño
- RICORS2040 KIDNEY DISEASE, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Donate-Correa
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria (HUNSC), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el Estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, Santander, Spain; RICORS2040 KIDNEY DISEASE, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernesto Martín-Núñez
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria (HUNSC), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; RICORS2040 KIDNEY DISEASE, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lara Valiño-Rivas
- RICORS2040 KIDNEY DISEASE, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernández-Fernández
- GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el Estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, Santander, Spain; RICORS2040 KIDNEY DISEASE, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el Estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, Santander, Spain; RICORS2040 KIDNEY DISEASE, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F Navarro-González
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria (HUNSC), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el Estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, Santander, Spain; RICORS2040 KIDNEY DISEASE, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Nefrología, HUNSC, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wu Y, Lan H, Zhang D, Hu Z, Zhang J, Li Z, Xia P, Tang X, Cai X, Yu P. Research progress on ncRNAs regulation of mitochondrial dynamics in diabetes. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4112-4131. [PMID: 36125936 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus and its complications are major health concerns worldwide that should be routinely monitored for evaluating disease progression. And there is currently much evidence to suggest a critical role for mitochondria in the common pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. Mitochondrial dynamics are involved in the development of diabetes through mediating insulin signaling and insulin resistance, and in the development of diabetes and its complications through mediating endothelial impairment and other closely related pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are closely linked to mitochondrial dynamics by regulating the expression of mitochondrial dynamic-associated proteins, or by regulating key proteins in related signaling pathways. Therefore, this review summarizes the research progress on the regulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics by ncRNAs in diabetes and its complications, which is a promising area for future antibodies or targeted drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huixin Lan
- Huankui College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Deju Zhang
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ziyan Hu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhangwang Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Panpan Xia
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyi Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xia Cai
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mahtal N, Lenoir O, Tinel C, Anglicheau D, Tharaux PL. MicroRNAs in kidney injury and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:643-662. [PMID: 35974169 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-022-00608-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by degrading or repressing the translation of their target messenger RNAs. As miRNAs are critical regulators of cellular homeostasis, their dysregulation is a crucial component of cell and organ injury. A substantial body of evidence indicates that miRNAs are involved in the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease and allograft damage. Different subsets of miRNAs are dysregulated during AKI, chronic kidney disease and allograft rejection, which could reflect differences in the physiopathology of these conditions. miRNAs that have been investigated in AKI include miR-21, which has an anti-apoptotic role, and miR-214 and miR-668, which regulate mitochondrial dynamics. Various miRNAs are downregulated in diabetic kidney disease, including the miR-30 family and miR-146a, which protect against inflammation and fibrosis. Other miRNAs such as miR-193 and miR-92a induce podocyte dedifferentiation in glomerulonephritis. In transplantation, miRNAs have been implicated in allograft rejection and injury. Further work is needed to identify and validate miRNAs as biomarkers of graft function and of kidney disease development and progression. Use of combinations of miRNAs together with other molecular markers could potentially improve diagnostic or predictive power and facilitate clinical translation. In addition, targeting specific miRNAs at different stages of disease could be a promising therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nassim Mahtal
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center - PARCC, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Olivia Lenoir
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center - PARCC, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Claire Tinel
- Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Adulte, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Dany Anglicheau
- Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation Adulte, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Louis Tharaux
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center - PARCC, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Prud’homme GJ, Kurt M, Wang Q. Pathobiology of the Klotho Antiaging Protein and Therapeutic Considerations. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:931331. [PMID: 35903083 PMCID: PMC9314780 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.931331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
The α-Klotho protein (henceforth denoted Klotho) has antiaging properties, as first observed in mice homozygous for a hypomorphic Klotho gene (kl/kl). These mice have a shortened lifespan, stunted growth, renal disease, hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia, vascular calcification, cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension, pulmonary disease, cognitive impairment, multi-organ atrophy and fibrosis. Overexpression of Klotho has opposite effects, extending lifespan. In humans, Klotho levels decline with age, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease and other conditions. Low Klotho levels correlate with an increase in the death rate from all causes. Klotho acts either as an obligate coreceptor for fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), or as a soluble pleiotropic endocrine hormone (s-Klotho). It is mainly produced in the kidneys, but also in the brain, pancreas and other tissues. On renal tubular-cell membranes, it associates with FGF receptors to bind FGF23. Produced in bones, FGF23 regulates renal excretion of phosphate (phosphaturic effect) and vitamin D metabolism. Lack of Klotho or FGF23 results in hyperphosphatemia and hypervitaminosis D. With age, human renal function often deteriorates, lowering Klotho levels. This appears to promote age-related pathology. Remarkably, Klotho inhibits four pathways that have been linked to aging in various ways: Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), Wnt and NF-κB. These can induce cellular senescence, apoptosis, inflammation, immune dysfunction, fibrosis and neoplasia. Furthermore, Klotho increases cell-protective antioxidant enzymes through Nrf2 and FoxO. In accord, preclinical Klotho therapy ameliorated renal, cardiovascular, diabetes-related and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as cancer. s-Klotho protein injection was effective, but requires further investigation. Several drugs enhance circulating Klotho levels, and some cross the blood-brain barrier to potentially act in the brain. In clinical trials, increased Klotho was noted with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (losartan, valsartan), a statin (fluvastatin), mTOR inhibitors (rapamycin, everolimus), vitamin D and pentoxifylline. In preclinical work, antidiabetic drugs (metformin, GLP-1-based, GABA, PPAR-γ agonists) also enhanced Klotho. Several traditional medicines and/or nutraceuticals increased Klotho in rodents, including astaxanthin, curcumin, ginseng, ligustilide and resveratrol. Notably, exercise and sport activity increased Klotho. This review addresses molecular, physiological and therapeutic aspects of Klotho.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gérald J. Prud’homme
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Gérald J. Prud’homme,
| | - Mervé Kurt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Yinuo Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pofi R, Giannetta E, Feola T, Galea N, Barbagallo F, Campolo F, Badagliacca R, Barbano B, Ciolina F, Defeudis G, Filardi T, Sesti F, Minnetti M, Vizza CD, Pasqualetti P, Caboni P, Carbone I, Francone M, Catalano C, Pozzilli P, Lenzi A, Venneri MA, Gianfrilli D, Isidori AM. Sex-specific effects of daily tadalafil on diabetic heart kinetics in RECOGITO, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabl8503. [PMID: 35704597 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abl8503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibition has been shown to counteract maladaptive cardiac changes triggered by diabetes in some but not all studies. We performed a single-center, 20-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (NCT01803828) to assess sex differences in cardiac remodeling after PDE5 inhibition in patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy. A total of 122 men and women (45 to 80 years) with long-duration (>3 years) and well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM; HbA1c < 86 mmol/mol) were selected according to echocardiographic signs of cardiac remodeling. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to placebo or oral tadalafil (20 mg, once daily). The primary outcome was to evaluate sex differences in cardiac torsion change. Secondary outcomes were changes in cardiovascular, metabolic, immune, and renal function. At 20 weeks, the treatment-by-sex interaction documented an improvement in cardiac torsion (-3.40°, -5.96; -0.84, P = 0.011) and fiber shortening (-1.19%, -2.24; -0.14, P = 0.027) in men but not women. The primary outcome could not be explained by differences in cGMP concentrations or tadalafil pharmacodynamics. In both sexes, tadalafil improved hsa-miR-199-5p expression, biomarkers of cardiovascular remodeling, albuminuria, renal artery resistive index, and circulating Klotho concentrations. Immune cell profiling revealed an improvement in low-grade chronic inflammation: Classic CD14++CD16- monocytes reduced, and Tie2+ monocytes increased. Nine patients (14.5%) had minor adverse reactions after tadalafil administration. Continuous PDE5 inhibition could offer a strategy to target cardiorenal complications of T2DM, with sex- and tissue-specific responses. Further studies are needed to confirm Klotho and hsa-miR-199-5p as markers for T2DM complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Pofi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Giannetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Feola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.,Neuroendocrinology, Neuromed Institute, IRCCS, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Nicola Galea
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Barbagallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Campolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Badagliacca
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Biagio Barbano
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Ciolina
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Defeudis
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Filardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Franz Sesti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Minnetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine D Vizza
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizio Pasqualetti
- Medical Statistics and Information Technology, AFaR, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Caboni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Iacopo Carbone
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Francone
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Catalano
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Pozzilli
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mary Anna Venneri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Gianfrilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Histone Modifications and Non-Coding RNAs: Mutual Epigenetic Regulation and Role in Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105801. [PMID: 35628612 PMCID: PMC9146199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, more and more scientists have suggested and confirmed that epigenetic regulators are tightly connected and form a comprehensive network of regulatory pathways and feedback loops. This is particularly interesting for a better understanding of processes that occur in the development and progression of various diseases. Appearing on the preclinical stages of diseases, epigenetic aberrations may be prominent biomarkers. Being dynamic and reversible, epigenetic modifications could become targets for a novel option for therapy. Therefore, in this review, we are focusing on histone modifications and ncRNAs, their mutual regulation, role in cellular processes and potential clinical application.
Collapse
|
17
|
Tomo S, Birdi A, Yadav D, Chaturvedi M, Sharma P. Klotho: A Possible Role in the Pathophysiology of Nephrotic Syndrome. EJIFCC 2022; 33:3-10. [PMID: 35645691 PMCID: PMC9092721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Klotho, encoded by the klotho gene, is associated with phosphate homeostasis. Klotho acts as a co-receptor for FGF23 for binding to its receptors. With FGF23, klotho regulates the systemic mineral homeostasis by regulation of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone. The anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic and antioxidant properties of klotho give it a cardinal role in the development of various renal diseases. The protective effect of klotho has been evident in different types of nephropathy, including diabetic nephropathy, cyclosporine A-induced nephropathy, Calcineurin inhibitors-induced nephropathy, and renal ischemic-reperfusion injury. Nephrotic syndrome is distinguished by hypoproteinemia, proteinuria, and hypercholesterolemia as a result of the aberration of the glomerular filtration barrier. The various factors and pathways associated with the pathophysiology of the nephrotic syndrome have similarities with other types of nephropathy. Despite these similarities, the role of klotho in the pathology of nephrotic syndrome remains still unexplored. This minireview builds the case for the possible role of klotho in nephrotic syndrome. The review explores the possible pathways where klotho can play a major role by identifying the similarities in the pathophysiology of nephrotic syndrome and other types of nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sojit Tomo
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Amandeep Birdi
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dharmveer Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India,Corresponding author: Dr. Dharmveer Yadav Associate Professor Department of Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan India E-mail:
| | - Manish Chaturvedi
- Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Franco ML, Beyerstedt S, Rangel ÉB. Klotho and Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Review on Cell and Gene Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease and Acute Kidney Disease. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:pharmaceutics14010011. [PMID: 35056905 PMCID: PMC8778857 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) are public health problems, and their prevalence rates have increased with the aging of the population. They are associated with the presence of comorbidities, in particular diabetes mellitus and hypertension, resulting in a high financial burden for the health system. Studies have indicated Klotho as a promising therapeutic approach for these conditions. Klotho reduces inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis and counter-regulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. In CKD and AKI, Klotho expression is downregulated from early stages and correlates with disease progression. Therefore, the restoration of its levels, through exogenous or endogenous pathways, has renoprotective effects. An important strategy for administering Klotho is through mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In summary, this review comprises in vitro and in vivo studies on the therapeutic potential of Klotho for the treatment of CKD and AKI through the administration of MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Liciani Franco
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (M.L.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Stephany Beyerstedt
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (M.L.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Érika Bevilaqua Rangel
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (M.L.F.); (S.B.)
- Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 04038-901, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-2151-2148
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Qu G, He T, Dai A, Zhao Y, Guan D, Li S, Shi H, Gan W, Zhang A. miR-199b-5p mediates adriamycin-induced podocyte apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of RGS10. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1469. [PMID: 34737809 PMCID: PMC8561778 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte apoptosis is a key risk factor for the progression of kidney diseases. MicroRNA (miR)-199b-5p has been shown to be involved in cell apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanisms of miR-199b-5p in podocyte apoptosis remain uncertain. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate whether miR-199b-5p participates in the regulation of podocyte apoptosis and to elucidate the involved mechanisms of this process. A podocyte apoptosis model was constructed using adriamycin (ADR) in vitro. miR-199b-5p mimic and inhibitor were transfected in podocytes to change the expression level of miR-199b-5p. RNA expression was examined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Western blotting was used to measure protein expression. Apoptosis was monitored via flow cytometry and detection of apoptosis-associated proteins. The results from the present study demonstrated that miR-199b-5p was upregulated and that regulator of G-protein signaling 10 (RGS10) was downregulated in ADR-stimulated podocytes. Overexpression of miR-199b-5p could inhibit RGS10 expression and stimulate podocyte apoptosis, whereas miR-199b-5p knockdown restored the levels of RGS10 and ameliorated podocyte apoptosis in ADR-induced podocytes. Furthermore, the effects of miR-199b-5p overexpression could be significantly reversed by RGS10 overexpression. In addition, podocyte transfection of miR-199b-5p activated the AKT/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, which was blocked following RGS10 overexpression. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that miR-199b-5p upregulation could promote podocyte apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of RGS10 through the activation of AKT/mTOR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaoting Qu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian He
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
| | - Aisuo Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Yajie Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
| | - Dian Guan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Shanwen Li
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Shi
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Gan
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
| | - Aiqing Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xue M, Yang F, Le Y, Yang Y, Wang B, Jia Y, Zheng Z, Xue Y. Klotho protects against diabetic kidney disease via AMPK- and ERK-mediated autophagy. Acta Diabetol 2021; 58:1413-1423. [PMID: 34046744 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-021-01736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus and results in serious public health problems. Although a great number of studies have been performed to elucidate the mechanisms of this disease, these mechanisms remain largely unknown. METHODS Cell and animal models were first constructed using human renal proximal tubule cells stimulated by high glucose (HG) and mice induced by streptozotocin (STZ). After Klotho overexpression, Klotho expression was assessed by RT-PCR and western blot, immunofluorescence; autophagy and AMPK/ERK proteins were confirmed using western blot or immunohistochemical assay; the autophagosomes were observed by transmission electron microscope; the pathological structure, fibrosis, polysaccharides and glycogen of kidney were evaluated by H&E staining, Masson staining and PAS staining. RESULTS We first confirmed that Klotho expression and autophagic activity were reduced in DM mice and HG-induced human renal proximal tubule cells. Besides, overexpression of Klotho could significantly enhance autophagy and AMPK and ERK1/2 activities in vivo and in vitro, which also could be abolished by selective AMPK inhibitor and ERK activator. Moreover, we proved that Klotho could inhibit hyperglycemia-induced renal tubular damage. CONCLUSION In summary, our results proved that Klotho improved renal tubular cell autophagy via the AMPK and ERK pathways and played a role in renal protection. These findings provide new insight into the mechanism of Klotho and autophagy in DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen People's HospitalJinan UniversityThe First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ying Le
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen People's HospitalJinan UniversityThe First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Yanlin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bingsen Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen People's HospitalJinan UniversityThe First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Yijie Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zongji Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yaoming Xue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li M, Deng L, Xu G. METTL14 promotes glomerular endothelial cell injury and diabetic nephropathy via m6A modification of α-klotho. Mol Med 2021; 27:106. [PMID: 34503454 PMCID: PMC8427885 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) modification has been implicated in many bioprocesses. However, its functions in diabetic nephropathy (DN) have not been determined. Here, we investigated the role of METTL14, a key component of the m6A methyltransferase complex, in DN. Methods The expression of METTL14 was detected in DN patients and human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs). In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to explore the functions of METTL14 on high glocse-induced HRGECs and renal injury of DN mice. We also investigated whether METTL14 works by regulating α-klotho expression through m6A modification. Results METTL14 were highly expressed in kidneys of DN patients and high glocse-induced HRGECs both at the mRNA and protein level. Overexpression of METTL14 increased ROS, TNF-α and IL-6 levels and apoptosis in HRGECs. Conversely, METTL14 silence decreased the levels of ROS, TNF-α and IL-6 and cell apoptosis. We confirmed that METTL14 down-regulated α-klotho expression in an m6A-dependent manner. In addition, we also found that METTL14 aggravated renal injury and inflammation of db/db mice, which could partially rescued by α-klotho. Conclusion Our data revealed that METTL14 plays a vital role in high glucose-induced glomerular endothelial cells and diabetic nephropathy through m6A modification of α-klotho.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manna Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital to Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Le Deng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital to Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Gaosi Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital to Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tian X, Liu Y, Wang H, Zhang J, Xie L, Huo Y, Ma W, Li H, Chen X, Shi P. The role of miR-199b-3p in regulating Nrf2 pathway by dihydromyricetin to alleviate septic acute kidney injury. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:842-852. [PMID: 34490833 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1962008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of septic acute kidney injury (AKI) is very complex and the fatality is high. Nrf2 is crucial for septic AKI, and dihydromyricetin (DMY) has a protective effect on LPS-induced AKI. We aimed to explore whether DMY could affect Nrf2 pathway by regulating miR-199b-3p and played a protective role in septic AKI. The mouse model was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and the cell model was stimulated by LPS. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was conducted to examine MDA, SOD, LDH, GSH, TNF-α, kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), and IL-6 levels. The pathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The targeted relationship between miR-199b-3p and Nrf2 was verified by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Levels of SOD, GSH, NQO-1, Nrf2, and HO-1 were decreased, MDA, LDH, TNF-α, IL-6, and KIM-1, and miR-199b-3p were increased in the CLP group and LPS-induced HK-2 cells, while the effect was reversed after DMY treatment. There existed renal tubule cell edema and necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration in the CLP group, the situation was partially improved by DMY. MiR-199b-3p bound to Nrf2. Nrf2 levels were increased, TNF-α, IL-6, and KIM-1 were decreased after transfected with miR-199b-3p inhibitor, these effects were reversed when co-transfected with si-Nrf2. TNF-α, IL-6, KIM-1, and miR-199b-3p levels were increased; Nrf2, NQO-1, and HO-1 levels were decreased in the LPS + DMY + mimics-miR group. MiR-199b-3p was increased in septic AKI models, DMY might alleviate septic AKI by regulating miR-199b-3p to affect the Nrf2 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huaili Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianjiang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Huo
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peipei Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Schunk SJ, Beisswenger C, Ritzmann F, Herr C, Wagner M, Triem S, Hütter G, Schmit D, Zewinger S, Sarakpi T, Honecker A, Mahadevan P, Boor P, Wagenpfeil S, Jörres R, Watz H, Welte T, Vogelmeier CF, Gröne HJ, Fliser D, Speer T, Bals R. Measurement of urinary Dickkopf-3 uncovered silent progressive kidney injury in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Kidney Int 2021; 100:1081-1091. [PMID: 34237325 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a global public health problem with high disease related morbidity and mortality. Since CKD etiology is heterogeneous, early recognition of patients at risk for progressive kidney injury is important. Here, we evaluated the tubular epithelial derived glycoprotein dickkopf-3 (DKK3) as a urinary marker for the identification of progressive kidney injury in a non-CKD cohort of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and in an experimental model. In COSYCONET, a prospective multicenter trial comprising 2,314 patients with stable COPD (follow-up 37.1 months), baseline urinary DKK3, proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were tested for their association with the risk of declining eGFR and the COPD marker, forced expiratory volume in one second. Baseline urinary DKK3 but not proteinuria or eGFR identified patients with a significantly higher risk for over a 10% (odds ratio: 1.54, 95% confidence interval: 1.13-2.08) and over a 20% (2.59: 1.28-5.25) decline of eGFR during follow-up. In particular, DKK3 was associated with a significantly higher risk for declining eGFR in patients with eGFR over 90 ml/min/1.73m2 and proteinuria under 30 mg/g. DKK3 was also associated with declining COPD marker (2.90: 1.70-4.68). The impact of DKK3 was further explored in wild-type and Dkk3-/- mice subjected to cigarette smoke-induced lung injury combined with a CKD model. In this model, genetic abrogation of DKK3 resulted in reduced pulmonary inflammation and preserved kidney function. Thus, our data highlight urinary DKK3 as a possible marker for early identification of patients with silent progressive CKD and for adverse outcomes in patients with COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J Schunk
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christoph Beisswenger
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Felix Ritzmann
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christian Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Martina Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Sarah Triem
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany; Translational Cardio-Renal Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Gregor Hütter
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany; Translational Cardio-Renal Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - David Schmit
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Stephen Zewinger
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Tamim Sarakpi
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Anja Honecker
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Peer Mahadevan
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Nephrology, RWTH University HospitalAachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagenpfeil
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Epidemiology, and Medical Informatics, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar
| | - Rudolf Jörres
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Comprehensive Pneumology Centre Munich (CPC-M), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Henrik Watz
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Comprehensive Pneumology Centre Munich (CPC-M), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Pulmonary Research Institute at LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claus F Vogelmeier
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Danilo Fliser
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Thimoteus Speer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany; Translational Cardio-Renal Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Robert Bals
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Pulmonology, Allergology and Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
hsa-miR-199b-3p Prevents the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Dysfunction of the Renal Tubule by Regulating E-cadherin through Targeting KDM6A in Diabetic Nephropathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8814163. [PMID: 34257820 PMCID: PMC8257373 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8814163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. The association between epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibrosis is quite ascertained, but its link to eventual tubule dysfunction is missing. Here, we show that human microRNA- (hsa-miR-) 199b-3p protects renal tubules from diabetic-induced injury by repressing KDM6A, a histone lysine demethylase regulating E-cadherin expression. Lower E-cadherin expression is related to a higher level of KDM6A, while E-cadherin is promoted upon treatment with the KDM6A inhibitor GSK-J4 in both high glucose- (HG-) induced HK2 cells and the kidneys from streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced type 1 diabetic mice. However, overexpression or RNA silencing of E-cadherin fails to alter KDM6A expression. We also show that the upregulation of KDM6A is associated with the increased methylation level of the E-cadherin promoter. Then, the target prediction results and a dual-luciferase assay show that hsa-miR-199b-3p is a new miRNA that targets KDM6A. Overexpression of hsa-miR-199b-3p increases E-cadherin expression and prevents EMT through repressing KDM6A expression in HG-induced HK2 cells. In contrast, inhibitor-induced hsa-miR-199b-3p knockdown has opposite effects, as it decreases E-cadherin level and worsens EMT, accompanied by increased levels of KDM6A. Besides, Mir199b-knockout mice without mmu-miR-119b-3p expression exhibit more renal tubule dysfunction and more serious kidney tissue damage upon treatment with STZ. These results demonstrate that hsa-miR-199b-3p improves E-cadherin expression and prevents the progression of DN through targeting KDM6A. miR-199b-3p could be a future biomarker or target for the diagnosis or treatment of DN.
Collapse
|
25
|
Kale A, Sankrityayan H, Anders HJ, Bhanudas Gaikwad A. Klotho: A possible mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors preventing episodes of acute kidney injury and cardiorenal complications of diabetes. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1963-1971. [PMID: 33862192 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and cardiorenal comorbidities are major global health concerns, with high economic burdens and mortality rates. Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are novel US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antihyperglycemics with unexpected protective potential against cardiorenal diseases in patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Despite initial concerns, the incidence of episodes of acute kidney injury (AKI) was significantly lower in patients taking SGLT2i compared with other therapies or placebo. Evolving data suggest a link between SGLT2is and the anti-aging protein Klotho in the amelioration of diabetes and cardiorenal diseases. Here, we consider Klotho and SGLT2is as a novel therapeutic approach for the management of AKI and other cardiorenal complications in patients with or without diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajinath Kale
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Himanshu Sankrityayan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Noncoding RNAs involved in DNA methylation and histone methylation, and acetylation in diabetic vascular complications. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105520. [PMID: 33639232 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder and its incidence is still increasing. Diabetic vascular complications cause major diabetic mobility and include accelerated atherosclerosis, nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. Hyperglycemia contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications via numerous mechanisms including the induction of oxidative stress, inflammation, metabolic alterations, and abnormal proliferation of EC and angiogenesis. In the past decade, epigenetic modifications have attracted more attention as they participate in the progression of diabetic vascular complications despite controlled glucose levels and regulate gene expression without altering the genomic sequence. DNA methylation and histone methylation, and acetylation are vital epigenetic modifications and their underlying mechanisms in diabetic vascular complication are still urgently needed to be investigated. Non-coding RNAs (nc RNAs) such as micro RNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circ RNAs) were found to exert transcriptional regulation in diabetic vascular complication. Although nc RNAs are not considered as epigenetic components, they are involved in epigenetic modifications. In this review, we summarized the investigations of non-coding RNAs involved in DNA methylation and histone methylation and acetylation. Their cross-talks might offer novel insights into the pathology of diabetic vascular complications.
Collapse
|
27
|
Xia J, Cao W. Epigenetic modifications of Klotho expression in kidney diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:581-592. [PMID: 33547909 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Developments of many renal diseases are substantially influenced by epigenetic modifications of numerous genes, mainly mediated by DNA methylations, histone modifications, and microRNA interference; however, not all gene modifications causally affect the disease onset or progression. Klotho is a critical gene whose repressions in various pathological conditions reportedly involve epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. Klotho is almost unexceptionally repressed early after acute or chronic renal injuries and its levels inversely correlated with the disease progression and severity. Moreover, the strategies of Klotho derepression via epigenetic modulations beneficially change the pathological courses both in vitro and in vivo. Hence, Klotho is not only considered a biomarker of the renal disease but also a potential or even an ideal target of therapeutic epigenetic intervention. Here, we summarize and discuss studies that investigate the Klotho repression and intervention in renal diseases from an epigenetic point of view. These information might shed new sights into the effective therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat various renal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinkun Xia
- Center for Organ Fibrosis and Remodeling Research, Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wangsen Cao
- Center for Organ Fibrosis and Remodeling Research, Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Poveda J, Vázquez-Sánchez S, Sanz AB, Ortiz A, Ruilope LM, Ruiz-Hurtado G. TWEAK-Fn14 as a common pathway in the heart and the kidneys in cardiorenal syndrome. J Pathol 2021; 254:5-19. [PMID: 33512736 DOI: 10.1002/path.5631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a complex relationship between cardiac and renal disease, often referred to as the cardiorenal syndrome. Heart failure adversely affects kidney function, and both acute and chronic kidney disease are associated with structural and functional changes to the myocardium. The pathological mechanisms and contributing interactions that surround this relationship remain poorly understood, limiting the opportunities for therapeutic intervention. The cytokine tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and its receptor, fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14), are abundantly expressed in injured kidneys and heart. The TWEAK-Fn14 axis promotes responses that drive tissue injury such as inflammation, proliferation, fibrosis, and apoptosis, while restraining the expression of tissue protective factors such as the anti-aging factor Klotho and the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). High levels of TWEAK induce cardiac remodeling, and promote inflammation, tubular and podocyte injury and death, fibroblast proliferation, and, ultimately, renal fibrosis. Accordingly, targeting the TWEAK-Fn14 axis is protective in experimental kidney and heart disease. TWEAK has also emerged as a biomarker of kidney damage and cardiovascular outcomes and has been successfully targeted in clinical trials. In this review, we update our current knowledge of the roles of the TWEAK-Fn14 axis in cardiovascular and kidney disease and its potential contribution to the cardiorenal syndrome. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonay Poveda
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Institute of Research i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Vázquez-Sánchez
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Institute of Research i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Sanz
- Research Institute - Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain.,REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Research Institute - Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain.,REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Ruilope
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Institute of Research i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,School of Doctoral Studies and Research, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER-CV, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Ruiz-Hurtado
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Institute of Research i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER-CV, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tang H, Fang C, Xue S, Zhao G, Shi Z, Fu W, Zhang P, Tang X, Guo D. Protective effects of SS-31 against SDHB suppression-mitochondrial dysfunction-EndMT axis-modulated CBT sclerosis and progression. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:7603-7619. [PMID: 33312392 PMCID: PMC7724343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sclerosis variant in carotid body tumor (CBT) is characterized by extensive stromal sclerosis, which results in an uncommon pattern of growth that closely resembles that of an invasive malignant neoplasm. However, the clinical significance and the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we provide evidence that SS-31 exerts protective effects against SDHB suppression-mitochondrial dysfunction-EndMT axis-modulated CBT sclerosis and progression. In human CBT specimens, sclerosis extent was consistently related to decreased recurrence-, death-, systematic metastasis-, and major adverse event-free survival, decreased SDHB expression, and aggravated EndMT. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), SDHB KD aggravated hypoxia-induced EndMT, mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic switch, while SS-31 treatment could significantly attenuate these changes caused by SDHB KD and hypoxia. In patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice models of CBT, we also observed increased tumor growth speed and extent of EndMT, mitochondrial dysfunction, and metabolic switch in sclerosing carotid body tumor (SCBT) group than in conventional carotid body tumor (CCBT) group. And treating with SS-31 could significantly retard SCBT progression by rescuing the mitochondrial dysfunction-induced EndMT. Altogether, these results show that SDHB suppression-mitochondrial dysfunction-EndMT axis is a critical part of the CBT sclerosis and progression, while mitochondria-targeted drug SS-31 exerts an inhibitive effect on the above-mentioned axis, which opens new strategies to prevent and treat malignancies of CBT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanfei Tang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Gefei Zhao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenyu Shi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Fu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Tang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Daqiao Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Institute of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kale A, Sankrityayan H, Anders HJ, Gaikwad AB. Epigenetic and non-epigenetic regulation of Klotho in kidney disease. Life Sci 2020; 264:118644. [PMID: 33141039 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Klotho is a novel renoprotective anti-aging protein available in membrane-bound or soluble form. Klotho is expressed in brain, pancreas, and other solid organs but shows highest expression levels in the kidney. Klotho sustains normal kidney physiology but Klotho regulation also contributes to the progression of kidney disease. Systemic and intrarenal levels of Klotho fall drastically during acute kidney injury, kidney fibrosis, diabetic nephropathy, and other forms of chronic kidney disease, etc. Moreover, exogenous supplementation or overexpression of endogenous Klotho attenuates kidney disease. The regulation of endogenous Klotho expression involves epigenetic as well as non-epigenetic mechanisms. The epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications, miRNAs regulate the change in Klotho expression in kidney disease. Non-epigenetic mechanisms such as ER stress, Wnt signaling, activation of the renin angiotensin system (RAS), excessive reactive oxygen species and cytokine generation, albumin overload, and PPAR-γ signaling also contribute to Klotho regulation. Evolving evidence highlight the capacity of natural products to regulate Klotho expression in kidney disease. All these preclinical data suggest that Klotho could be a novel biomarker as well as therapeutic target. Here we review the different mechanisms of Klotho regulation in the context of Klotho as a biomarker and potential therapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajinath Kale
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Himanshu Sankrityayan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Glycosylation is a sophisticated informational system that controls specific biological functions at the cellular and organismal level. Dysregulation of glycosylation may underlie some of the most complex and common diseases of the modern era. In the past 5 years, microRNAs have come to the forefront as a critical regulator of the glycome. Herein, we review the current literature on miRNA regulation of glycosylation and how this work may point to a new way to identify the biological importance of glycosylation enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chu T Thu
- Biomedical Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Lara K Mahal
- Biomedical Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
EGCG Attenuates Renal Damage via Reversing Klotho Hypermethylation in Diabetic db/db Mice and HK-2 Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6092715. [PMID: 32908633 PMCID: PMC7474393 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6092715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To explore whether epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) improves renal damage in diabetic db/db mice and high-glucose- (HG-) induced injury in HK-2 cells by regulating the level of Klotho gene promoter methylation. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression levels of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), DNMT3a, DNMT3b, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and Klotho. The methylation level of the Klotho gene promoter was detected by pyrosequencing. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to detect the binding of the Klotho gene promoter to DNMT1 and DNMT3a. The expression of oxidative stress markers (reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)) and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) in kidney homogenates was also measured using ELISA. Klotho and DNMT3b protein expression was upregulated, while DNMT1, DNMT3a, TGF-β1, and α-SMA protein expression was downregulated after EGCG treatment. EGCG treatment also reduced the methylation level of the Klotho gene promoter as well as the binding of DNMT3a to the Klotho gene promoter. In addition, EGCG treatment significantly decreased the levels of ROS, MDA, 8-OHdG, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and increased the levels of CAT and SOD. Under HG conditions, EGCG regulated Klotho gene promoter methylation via DNMT3a and decreased the methylation level of the Klotho gene promoter, thereby upregulating the expression of the Klotho protein to exert its protective effect.
Collapse
|
33
|
Xiao L, Luo D, Pi P, Hu M, Li X, Yin Q. Up‐regulation of miR‐135b expression induced by oxidative stress promotes the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells under high glucose condition. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1410-1419. [PMID: 32278326 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xiao
- Department of Nephrology Wuhan Third Hospital Wuhan China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Nephrology Wuhan Third Hospital Wuhan China
| | - Pei Pi
- Department of Nephrology Wuhan Third Hospital Wuhan China
| | - Man‐li Hu
- Department of Nephrology Wuhan Third Hospital Wuhan China
| | - Xiang‐you Li
- Department of Nephrology Wuhan Third Hospital Wuhan China
| | - Qing‐qiao Yin
- Department of Nephrology Wuhan Third Hospital Wuhan China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lacroix JS, Urena-Torres P. Potentielle application de l’axe fibroblast growth factor 23-Klotho dans la maladie rénale chronique. Nephrol Ther 2020; 16:83-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
35
|
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a devastating condition that is reaching epidemic levels owing to the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity, as well as ageing of the population. Regardless of the underlying aetiology, CKD is slowly progressive and leads to irreversible nephron loss, end-stage renal disease and/or premature death. Factors that contribute to CKD progression include parenchymal cell loss, chronic inflammation, fibrosis and reduced regenerative capacity of the kidney. Current therapies have limited effectiveness and only delay disease progression, underscoring the need to develop novel therapeutic approaches to either stop or reverse progression. Preclinical studies have identified several approaches that reduce fibrosis in experimental models, including targeting cytokines, transcription factors, developmental and signalling pathways and epigenetic modulators, particularly microRNAs. Some of these nephroprotective strategies are now being tested in clinical trials. Lessons learned from the failure of clinical studies of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) blockade underscore the need for alternative approaches to CKD therapy, as strategies that target a single pathogenic process may result in unexpected negative effects on simultaneously occurring processes. Additional promising avenues include preventing tubular cell injury and anti-fibrotic therapies that target activated myofibroblasts, the main collagen-producing cells.
Collapse
|
36
|
Tsuji K, Kitamura S, Wada J. Immunomodulatory and Regenerative Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Renal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030756. [PMID: 31979395 PMCID: PMC7037711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory and regenerative effects in many organs, including the kidney. Emerging evidence has shown that the trophic effects from MSCs are mainly mediated by the paracrine mechanism rather than the direct differentiation of MSCs into injured tissues. These secretomes from MSCs include cytokines, growth factors, chemokines and extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing microRNAs, mRNAs, and proteins. Many research studies have revealed that secretomes from MSCs have potential to ameliorate renal injury in renal disease models, including acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease through a variety of mechanisms. These trophic mechanisms include immunomodulatory and regenerative effects. In addition, accumulating evidence has uncovered the specific factors and therapeutic mechanisms in MSC-derived EVs. In this article, we summarize the recent advances of immunomodulatory and regenerative effects of EVs from MSCs, especially focusing on the microRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shinji Kitamura
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-86-235-7235; Fax: +81-86-222-5214
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Gu HF. Genetic and Epigenetic Studies in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Genet 2019; 10:507. [PMID: 31231424 PMCID: PMC6566106 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide health crisis, while diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has become the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). DKD is a microvascular complication and occurs in 30–40% of diabetes patients. Epidemiological investigations and clinical observations on the familial clustering and heritability in DKD have highlighted an underlying genetic susceptibility. Furthermore, DKD is a progressive and long-term diabetic complication, in which epigenetic effects and environmental factors interact with an individual’s genetic background. In recent years, researchers have undertaken genetic and epigenetic studies of DKD in order to better understand its molecular mechanisms. In this review, clinical material, research approaches and experimental designs that have been used for genetic and epigenetic studies of DKD are described. Current information from genetic and epigenetic studies of DKD and ESRD in patients with diabetes, including the approaches of genome-wide association study (GWAS) or epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) and candidate gene association analyses, are summarized. Further investigation of molecular defects in DKD with new approaches such as next generation sequencing analysis and phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harvest F Gu
- Center for Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang Q, Ren D, Li Y, Xu G. Klotho attenuates diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice and ameliorates high glucose-induced injury of human renal glomerular endothelial cells. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:696-707. [PMID: 30784349 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1580495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glomerular endothelial cell injury plays an important role in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The expression and function of klotho in glomerular endothelial cells remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the expression and the functional role of klotho in DN progression in mice and in high glucose (HG)-induced cell injury of human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) and the underlying mechanism. In this study, HRGECs were cultured with media containing HG to induce endothelial cell injury and db/db mice were used as DN model mice. Klotho was overexpressed or knocked down in HRECs to evaluate its role in HG-induced HRGECs injury. klotho-overexpressing adenovirus (rAAV-klotho) was injected into db/db mice via the tail vein to further validate the protective effect of klotho in DN. Decreased klotho expression was observed in DN patients, DN mice, and HG-exposed HRGECs. Furthermore, klotho overexpression significantly abolished the HG-induced HRGECs injury and activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway and RAAS. In contrast, klotho knockdown exerted the opposite effects. Moreover, klotho attenuated diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice, which was also associated with inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and RAAS. In conclusion, klotho attenuates DN in db/db mice and ameliorates HG-induced injury of HRGECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- a Department of Nephrology , the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
| | - Daijin Ren
- a Department of Nephrology , the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
| | - Yebei Li
- a Department of Nephrology , the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
| | - Gaosi Xu
- a Department of Nephrology , the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Atrasentan alleviates high glucose-induced podocyte injury by the microRNA-21/forkhead box O1 axis. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 852:142-150. [PMID: 30876973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus. Atrasentan (Atr) has potential therapeutic values for DN. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function as vital regulators in the pathophysiology of kidney diseases including DN. Our present study aimed to further explore whether Atr could alleviate kidney injury by regulating microRNA-21(miR-21)/forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) in DN mouse models and cell models. Blood glucose concentration and ACR ratio were determined by matching commercial kits. MiR-21 and FOXO1 mRNA level was measured by RT-qPCR assay. Protein levels of FOXO1, LC3Ⅰ, LC3Ⅱ and p62 were measured by western blot assay. Cell apoptotic index was examined by flow cytometry. The interaction of miR-21 and FOXO1 was tested by bioinformatics analysis, luciferase assay and RIP assay. We found that Atr alleviated kidney injury by inhibiting miR-21 expression and promoting autophagy in DN mice. Moreover, miR-21 loss suppressed apoptosis and induced autophagy in high glucose (HG)-treated podocytes. And, Atr inhibited cell apoptosis and improved cell autophagic activity by downregulating miR-21 in HG-cultured podocytes. Moreover, FOXO1 was identified as a target of miR-21. MiR-21 exerted its pro-apoptosis and anti-autophagy effects by targeting FOXO1 in HG-cultured podocytes. Atr enhanced FOXO1 expression by downregulating miR-21 in HG-cultured podocytes. We concluded that Atr mitigated kidney injury in DN mice and alleviated HG-mediated apoptosis increase and autophagy inhibition in podocytes by regulating miR-21/FOXO1 axis, further elucidating the molecular basis by which Atr hampered DN progression.
Collapse
|
40
|
Shen H, Fang K, Guo H, Wang G. High Glucose-Induced Apoptosis in Human Kidney Cells Was Alleviated by miR-15b-5p Mimics. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:758-763. [PMID: 30842352 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs were involved in a wide range of biological processes of diabetic nephropathy (DN). It is reported that miR-15b-5p was downregulated in the patients with DN. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulatory effects of miR-15b-5p on patients with diabetes remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the role of miR-15b-5p during high glucose (HG)-induced apoptosis in human kidney cells. Quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR was used to detect the level of miR-15b-5p. CCK-8 assay, EdU staining assays and flow cytometry were used to detect cell proliferation, apoptosis respectively in vitro. In addition, Western blotting was used to determine active caspase-3, cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), phosphorylated (p)-AKT, p-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p-S6, p-c-Jun N terminal kinase (JNK), p-p38 and p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) proteins levels. The expression of miR-15b-5p in patients with DN were dramatically decreased compared with health persons. Similarly, HG down-regulated the expression of miR-15b-5p in HK-2 cells. In contrast, miR-15b-5p mimics alleviated HG-induced apoptosis in HK-2 cells via decreasing the expressions of active caspase 3 and cleaved PARP. EdU detection further confirmed that miR-15b-5p mimics attenuated the anti-proliferation effect of HG in HK-2 cells. Furthermore, HG-induced Akt/mTOR pathway downregulation and JNK upregulation were markedly reversed by miR-15b-5p mimics in cells. The data suggested that miR-15b-5p mimics protects HK-2 cells from HG-induced apoptosis. The anti-apoptotic effects of miR-15b-5p may due to the activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway as well as inactivation of JNK. Taken together, miR-15b-5p might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, No. 454 Hospital of the PLA
| | - Kaikai Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, No. 454 Hospital of the PLA
| | - Haifeng Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, No. 454 Hospital of the PLA
| | - Guojun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, No. 454 Hospital of the PLA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nascimento LRD, Domingueti CP. MicroRNAs: new biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets for diabetic kidney disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 41:412-422. [PMID: 30742700 PMCID: PMC6788850 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2018-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus associated with significant morbidity and mortality regarded as a global health issue. MicroRNAs - small RNA molecules responsible for the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by degradation of messenger RNA or translational repression of protein synthesis - rank among the factors linked to the development and progression of DKD. This study aimed to offer a narrative review on investigations around the use of microRNAs in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of DKD. Various microRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of DKD, while others have a role in nephroprotection and thus serve as promising therapeutic targets for DKD. Serum and urine microRNAs levels have also been considered in the early diagnosis and monitoring of individuals with DKD, since increases in albuminuria, decreases in the glomerular filtration rate, and progression of DKD have been linked to changes in the levels of some microRNAs.
Collapse
|
42
|
Sankrityayan H, Kulkarni YA, Gaikwad AB. Diabetic nephropathy: The regulatory interplay between epigenetics and microRNAs. Pharmacol Res 2019; 141:574-585. [PMID: 30695734 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is still one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease despite the emergence of different therapies to counter the metabolic, hemodynamic and fibrotic pathways, implicating a prominent role of genetic and epigenetic factors in its progression. Epigenetics is the study of changes in the expression of genes which may be inheritable and does not involve a change in the genome sequence. Thrust areas of epigenetic research are DNA methylation and histone modifications. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs (miRNAs) control the expression of genes via post-transcriptional mechanisms. However, the regulation by epigenetic mechanisms and miRNAs are not completely distinct. A number of emerging reports have revealed the interplay between epigenetic machinery and miRNA expression, particularly in cancer. Further research has proved that a feedback loop exists between miRNA expression and epigenetic regulation in disorders including DN. Studies showed that different miRNAs (miR-200, miR-29 etc.) were found to be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms viz. DNA methylation and histone modifications. Conversely, miRNAs (miR-301, miR-449 etc.) themselves modulated levels of DNA methyltranferases (DNMTs) and Histone deacetylases (HDACs), enzymes vital to epigenetic modifications. With already few FDA approved epigenetic -modulating drugs (Vorinostat, Decitabine) in the market and miRNA therapeutic drugs under clinical trial it becomes imperative to analyze the possible interaction between the two classes of drugs in the modulation of a disease process. The purpose of this review is to articulate the interplay between miRNA expression and epigenetic modifications with a particular focus on its impact on the development and progression of DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Sankrityayan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Xue M, Cheng Y, Han F, Chang Y, Yang Y, Li X, Chen L, Lu Y, Sun B, Chen L. Triptolide Attenuates Renal Tubular Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition Via the MiR-188-5p-mediated PI3K/AKT Pathway in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1545-1557. [PMID: 30263007 PMCID: PMC6158722 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.24032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Triptolide possesses the trait of renal protection. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is closely linked to the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). MicroRNAs have recently emerged as critical regulators of DKD. However, it is poorly understood whether triptolide alleviates renal EMT by regulating microRNAs in DKD. In this study, we found that triptolide decreased albuminuria, improved the renal structure and reduced renal EMT in rats with DKD. Furthermore, activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was increased in diabetic rats, which was partly reversed by triptolide. Triptolide also alleviated glucose-induced EMT in HK-2 cells in vitro. PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activation was reduced after triptolide treatment. Moreover, triptolide decreased the increase in miR-188-5p expression stimulated by high glucose levels in HK-2 cells. miR-188-5p inhibited PTEN expression by directly interacting with the PTEN 3'-untranslated region. Additionally, downregulation of miR-188-5p, which imitates the effects of triptolide, attenuated the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway and HG-induced EMT, whereas miR-188-5p overexpression reversed the effects of triptolide on the PI3K/AKT pathway and EMT. In conclusion, we demonstrated that triptolide ameliorates renal EMT via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through the interaction between miR-188-5p and PTEN, indicating that miR-188-5p may be a therapeutic target of triptolide in DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Ying Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Fei Han
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Yunpeng Chang
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Yunhong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Bei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University
| | - Liming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sun Z, Ma Y, Chen F, Wang S, Chen B, Shi J. miR-133b and miR-199b knockdown attenuate TGF-β1-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition and renal fibrosis by targeting SIRT1 in diabetic nephropathy. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 837:96-104. [PMID: 30125566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and renal fibrosis plays critical role in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Our study aimed to determine the detailed roles of miR-133b & miR-199b on TGF-β1-induced EMT & renal fibrosis in DN and its underlying mechanism. The expressions of miR-133b & miR-199b in OLETF rats, LETO rats & TGF-β1-treated human proximal tubule cell line (HK-2) were examined by qRT-PCR. Inhibition of miR-133b or miR-199b was realized in cells by transfection of lentivirus containing miR-133b inhibit or miR-199b inhibitor. The expression levels of collagen I (COL I), fibronectin (FN), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), E-cadherin & sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) were detected by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Masson staining was conducted to estimate the degree of renal fibrosis. The interaction between SIRT1 and miR-133b, miR-199b was explored by luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. miR-133b and miR-199b were highly expressed in the renal cortex of diabetic OLETF rats and TGF-β1-treated HK-2 cells. EMT and renal fibrosis were induced in diabetic OLETF rats and TGF-β1-treated HK-2 cells. Inhibition of miR-133b and miR-199b attenuated EMT and renal fibrosis in diabetic OLETF rats and TGF-β1-treated HK-2 cells. In addition, SIRT1 was identified as a target of miR-133b & miR-199b in HK-2 cells. SIRT1 knockdown dramatically reversed the suppression on TGF-β1-induced EMT and renal fibrosis in HK-2 cells mediated by anti-miR-133b or anti-miR-199. Inhibition of miR-133b & miR-199b attenuated TGF-β1-induced EMT & renal fibrosis by upregulating SIRT1 shows that using different miRNAs is a potential strategy for the future treatment of DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Yali Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Shiying Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Baoping Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Navarro-González JF, Sánchez-Niño MD, Donate-Correa J, Martín-Núñez E, Ferri C, Pérez-Delgado N, Górriz JL, Martínez-Castelao A, Ortiz A, Mora-Fernández C. Effects of Pentoxifylline on Soluble Klotho Concentrations and Renal Tubular Cell Expression in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Diabetes Care 2018; 41:1817-1820. [PMID: 29866645 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effect of pentoxifylline on Klotho levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with chronic kidney disease (CKD) was assessed in a post hoc analysis of the Pentoxifylline for Renoprotection in Diabetic Nephropathy (PREDIAN) trial. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Circulating and urinary tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Klotho were measured before and after 1 year of pentoxifylline. The effect on Klotho expression was assessed in cultured renal tubular cells. RESULTS Pentoxifylline administration resulted in decreased serum and urinary TNF-α, whereas serum and urinary Klotho increased significantly. Changes in urinary Klotho, urinary TNF-α, and phosphorus were associated with changes in serum Klotho; changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate, urinary TNF-α, and albuminuria were related to urinary Klotho variation. In renal tubular cells, pentoxifylline prevented the decrease in Klotho expression induced by inflammatory cytokines or albumin. CONCLUSIONS Pentoxifylline increased Klotho levels in patients with diabetes with stage 3-4 CKD and prevented reduced Klotho expression in vitro. This beneficial effect may be related to anti-inflammatory and antialbuminuric activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Navarro-González
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain .,Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el Estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética) y REDINREN (Red de Investigación Renal), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Dolores Sánchez-Niño
- GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el Estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética) y REDINREN (Red de Investigación Renal), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid y Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo-Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Donate-Correa
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el Estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética) y REDINREN (Red de Investigación Renal), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernesto Martín-Núñez
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Carla Ferri
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Nayra Pérez-Delgado
- Servicio de Análisis Clínico, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - José Luis Górriz
- GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el Estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética) y REDINREN (Red de Investigación Renal), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Martínez-Castelao
- GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el Estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética) y REDINREN (Red de Investigación Renal), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el Estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética) y REDINREN (Red de Investigación Renal), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid y Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo-Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Mora-Fernández
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Exendin-4 ameliorates high glucose-induced fibrosis by inhibiting the secretion of miR-192 from injured renal tubular epithelial cells. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-13. [PMID: 29717107 PMCID: PMC5938044 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contain microRNA (miRNA), constitute a novel means of cell communication that may contribute to the inevitable expansion of renal fibrosis during diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Exendin-4 is effective for treating DKD through its action on GLP1R. However, the effect of exendin-4 on EV miRNA expression and renal cell communication during the development of DKD remains unknown. In this study, we found that EVs derived from HK-2 cells pre-treated with exendin-4 and high glucose (Ex-HG), which were taken up by normal HK-2 cells, resulted in decreased levels of FN and Col-I compared with EVs from HK-2 cells pre-treated with HG alone. Furthermore, we found that pretreatment with HG and exendin-4 may have contributed to a decrease in miR-192 in both HK-2 cells and EVs in a p53-dependent manner. Finally, we demonstrated that the amelioration of renal fibrosis by exendin-4 occurred through a miR-192-GLP1R pathway, indicating a new pathway by which exendin-4 regulates GLP1R. The results of this study suggest that exendin-4 inhibits the transfer of EV miR-192 from HG-induced renal tubular epithelial cells to normal cells, thus inhibiting GLP1R downregulation and protecting renal cells. This study reports a new mechanism by which exendin-4 exerts a protective effect against DKD.
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite optimal therapy of diabetic nephropathy with agents blocking the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, the residual risk of nephropathy progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) remains high. The purpose of this review is to discuss the potential role of endothelin antagonism as a therapeutic tool to reduce residual proteinuria and delay kidney injury progression among patients with diabetic nephropathy. RECENT FINDINGS Preclinical studies have shown that endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs) exert proteinuria lowering and nephroprotective actions in experimental models of diabetic nephropathy. ERAs reduce proteinuria in phase 2 trials that included therapy with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers. Safety of these agents and protection from ESRD needs to be demonstrated in phase 3 trials. Excess risk of fluid retention and heart failure risk remains. SUMMARY The hypothesis that the antiproteinuric effect of endothelin antagonism may be translated into a slower progression of diabetic nephropathy to ESRD is investigated in ongoing randomized trials assessing 'hard' renal endpoints. ERAs may represent a promising tool toward renoprotection in diabetic nephropathy by individualizing therapy and mitigating the risk of heart failure, if these trials are positive.
Collapse
|
48
|
Protective effects of mitochondrion-targeted peptide SS-31 against hind limb ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Physiol Biochem 2018; 74:335-343. [PMID: 29589186 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-018-0617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hind limb ischemia-reperfusion injury is an important pathology in vascular surgery. Reactive oxygen species are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of hind limb ischemia-reperfusion injury. SS-31, which belongs to a family of mitochondrion-targeted peptide antioxidants, was shown to reduce mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. In this study, we investigated whether the treatment of SS-31 could protect hind limb from ischemia-reperfusion injury in a mouse model. The results showed that SS-31 treatment either before or after ischemia exhibited similar protective effects. Histopathologically, SS-31 treatment prevented the IR-induced histological deterioration compared with the corresponding vehicle control. SS-31 treatment diminished oxidative stress revealed by the reduced malondialdehyde level and increased activities and protein levels of Sod and catalase. Cellular ATP contents and mitochondrial membrane potential increased and the level of cytosolic cytC was decreased after SS-31 treatment in this IR model, demonstrating that mitochondria were protected. The IR-induced increase of levels of inflammatory factors, such as Tnf-α and Il-1β, was prevented by SS-31 treatment. In agreement with the reduced cytosolic cytC, cleaved-caspase 3 was kept at a very low level after SS-31 treatment. Overall, the effect of SS-31 treatment before ischemia is mildly more effective than that after ischemia. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that SS-31 confers a protective effect in the mouse model of hind limb ischemia-reperfusion injury preventatively and therapeutically.
Collapse
|
49
|
Egido J, Rojas-Rivera J, Mas S, Ruiz-Ortega M, Sanz AB, Gonzalez Parra E, Gomez-Guerrero C. Atrasentan for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:741-750. [PMID: 28468519 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1325872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is the most potent vasoconstrictor, and is involved in the renal regulation of salt and water homeostasis. When produced in excess in the kidney, ET-1 promotes proteinuria and tubulointerstitial injury. There is great interest in the clinical use of endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs) in chronic kidney disease (CKD), mainly in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Areas covered: Physiopathological actions of ET-1 on the kidney. Both dual ETAR/ETBR (bosentan) or ETAR specific endothelin antagonists (avosentan and atrasentan, among others), which have progressed to early clinical development, with particular emphasis on atrasentan. Expert opinion: Different phase I and II clinical trials with ERAs in DN, mostly with atrasentan, have shown that these drugs have a marked anti-proteinuric effect on residual proteinuria when administered as add-on therapy in addition to ACEi or ARAII treatment. In the past few years, a series of randomized controlled trials investigating new approaches to DN have provided negative or inconclusive data, or even were terminated due to safety concerns or lack of efficacy. Therefore, we eagerly but cautiously await the results of the ongoing SONAR trial with atrasentan in more than 4,000 patients including assessment of renal and cardiovascular hard-end points (estimated primary completion date, July 2018).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Egido
- a Division of Nephrology and Hypertension , Madrid , Spain.,b Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory University Hospital Fundacion Jimenez Diaz. Autonoma University (UAM) , Madrid , Spain.,c Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) , Madrid , Spain.,d FRIAT (Fundacion Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo) , Madrid , Spain
| | | | - Sebastian Mas
- b Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory University Hospital Fundacion Jimenez Diaz. Autonoma University (UAM) , Madrid , Spain.,c Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- b Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory University Hospital Fundacion Jimenez Diaz. Autonoma University (UAM) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Ana Belen Sanz
- b Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory University Hospital Fundacion Jimenez Diaz. Autonoma University (UAM) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Emilio Gonzalez Parra
- a Division of Nephrology and Hypertension , Madrid , Spain.,d FRIAT (Fundacion Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Carmen Gomez-Guerrero
- b Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory University Hospital Fundacion Jimenez Diaz. Autonoma University (UAM) , Madrid , Spain.,c Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) , Madrid , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wanner N, Bechtel-Walz W. Epigenetics of kidney disease. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 369:75-92. [PMID: 28286899 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation and histone modifications determine renal programming and the development and progression of renal disease. The identification of the way in which the renal cell epigenome is altered by environmental modifiers driving the onset and progression of renal diseases has extended our understanding of the pathophysiology of kidney disease progression. In this review, we focus on current knowledge concerning the implications of epigenetic modifications during renal disease from early development to chronic kidney disease progression including renal fibrosis, diabetic nephropathy and the translational potential of identifying new biomarkers and treatments for the prevention and therapy of chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Wanner
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Center for Systems Biology (ZBSA), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany. .,Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 66, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Wibke Bechtel-Walz
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 66, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|