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Noorhidayah M, Azrizal-Wahid N, Low VL, Yusoff NR. Genetic diversity and phylogeographic patterns of the peacock jewel-damselfly, Rhinocypha fenestrella (Rambur, 1842). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301392. [PMID: 38578719 PMCID: PMC10997100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite is known to have widespread distribution and the most active species of the family Chlorocyphidae, the molecular data of Rhinocypha fenestrella (Rambur, 1842) are relatively scarce. The present study is the first that examined the genetic diversity and phylogeographic pattern of the peacock jewel-damselfly R. fenestrella by sequencing the cytochrome C oxidase I (cox1) and 16S rRNA gene regions from 147 individuals representing eight populations in Malaysia. A total of 26 and 10 unique haplotypes were revealed by the cox1 and 16S rRNA genes, respectively, and 32 haplotypes were recovered by the concatenated sequences of cox1+16S. Analyses indicated that haplotype AB2 was the most frequent and the most widespread haplotype in Malaysia while haplotype AB1 was suggested as the common ancestor haplotype of the R. fenestrella that may arose from the Negeri Sembilan as discovered from cox1+16S haplotype network analysis. Overall haplotype and nucleotide diversities of the concatenated sequences were Hd = 0.8937 and Pi = 0.0028, respectively, with great genetic differentiation (FST = 0.6387) and low gene flow (Nm = 0.14). Population from Pahang presented the highest genetic diversity (Hd = 0.8889, Pi = 0.0022, Nh = 9), whereas Kedah population demonstrated the lowest diversity (Hd = 0.2842, Pi = 0.0003, Nh = 4). The concatenated sequences of cox1+16S showed genetic divergence ranging from 0.09% to 0.97%, whereas the genetic divergence for cox1 and 16S rRNA genes were 0.16% to 1.63% and 0.01% to 0.75% respectively. This study provides for the first-time insights on the intraspecific genetic diversity, phylogeographic pattern and ancestral haplotype of Rhinocypha fenestrella. The understanding of molecular data especially phylogeographic pattern can enhance the knowledge about insect origin, their diversity, and capability to disperse in particular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamat Noorhidayah
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azrizal-Wahid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Van Lun Low
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norma-Rashid Yusoff
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Pramual P, Jumpato W, Adler PH. Fast-evolving nuclear genes as barcoding markers for black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand. Acta Trop 2023; 246:106988. [PMID: 37454710 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate identification is a prerequisite for the study of all aspects of species, particularly for pests and vectors. Black flies are economically significant blood-sucking insects, as many species are pests and vectors that transmit parasites to humans and other animals. We examined the efficiency of two fast-evolving nuclear genes, elongator complex protein 1 (ECP1) and big zinc finger (BZF), for identifying 13 nominal species in three species-groups of black flies, the Simulium multistriatum, S. striatum, and S. tuberosum groups, in Thailand where the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene has not been successful for differentiating many nominal species. ECP1 gene sequences were highly effective for identification, with >96% (181 of 188) of the specimens correctly identified. Unsuccessful identifications based on ECP1 were between S. nakhonense and S. chiangmaiense, which are members of the S. striatum species-group, whereas all identifications of nominal species of the S. multistriatum and S. tuberosum species-groups were successful. In contrast, BZF had successful rates for the S. striatum species-group, with >93% (71 of 76) of the specimens correctly identified. This gene also successfully assigned unknown larvae of the S. striatum group to species. Phylogenetic analyses and molecular species delimitations based on the BZF gene uncovered cryptic diversity in two nominal species, S. nakhonense and S. wangkwaiense, which will require resolution through further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pairot Pramual
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Waraporn Jumpato
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Peter H Adler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0310, United States.
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Putt QY, Ya'cob Z, Adler PH, Chen CD, Hew YX, Izwan-Anas N, Lau KW, Sofian-Azirun M, Pham XD, Takaoka H, Low VL. From bites to barcodes: uncovering the hidden diversity of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Vietnam. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:266. [PMID: 37545007 PMCID: PMC10405495 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05892-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prompt and precise identification of black flies (Simuliidae) is crucial, given their biting behaviour and significant impact on human and animal health. To address the challenges presented by morphology and chromosomes in black fly taxonomy, along with the limited availability of molecular data pertaining to the black fly fauna in Vietnam, this study employed DNA-based approaches. Specifically, we used mitochondrial and nuclear-encoded genes to distinguish nominal species of black flies in Vietnam. METHODS In this study, 135 mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences were established for 45 species in the genus Simulium in Vietnam, encompassing three subgenera (Gomphostilbia, Nevermannia, and Simulium), with 64 paratypes of 27 species and 16 topotypes of six species. Of these COI sequences, 71, representing 27 species, are reported for the first time. RESULTS Combined with GenBank sequences of specimens from Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam, a total of 234 DNA barcodes of 53 nominal species resulted in a 71% success rate for species identification. Species from the non-monophyletic Simulium asakoae, S. feuerborni, S. multistriatum, S. striatum, S. tuberosum, and S. variegatum species groups were associated with ambiguous or incorrect identifications. Pairwise distances, phylogenetics, and species delimitation analyses revealed a high level of cryptic diversity, with discovery of 15 cryptic taxa. The current study also revealed the limited utility of a fast-evolving nuclear gene, big zinc finger (BZF), in discriminating closely related, morphologically similar nominal species of the S. asakoae species group. CONCLUSION This study represents the first comprehensive molecular genetic analysis of the black fly fauna in Vietnam to our knowledge, providing a foundation for future research. DNA barcoding exhibits varying levels of differentiating efficiency across species groups but is valuable in the discovery of cryptic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yan Putt
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zubaidah Ya'cob
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Peter H Adler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Chee Dhang Chen
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yan Xin Hew
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Izwan-Anas
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Koon Weng Lau
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Sofian-Azirun
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xuan Da Pham
- Research Center for Genetics and Reproductive Health, School of Medicine, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hiroyuki Takaoka
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Van Lun Low
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Lourdes EY, Low VL, Izwan-Anas N, Dawood MM, Sofian-Azirun M, Takaoka H, Ya'cob Z. Occurrence of five distinct clades of mermithid nematodes (Nematoda: Mermithidae) infecting black fly larvae (Diptera: Simuliidae) in tropical streams in Malaysia. Parasitol Int 2023; 94:102733. [PMID: 36693472 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mermithids are the most common parasites of black flies and are associated with host feminization and sterilization in infected hosts. However, information on the species / lineage of black fly mermithids in Southeast Asia, including Malaysia requires further elucidation. In this study, mermithids were obtained from black fly larvae collected from 138 freshwater stream sites across East and West Malaysia. A molecular approach based on nuclear-encoded 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene was used to identify the species identity / lineage of 77 nematodes successfully extracted and sequenced from the specimens collected. Maximum likelihood and neighbor-joining phylogenetic analyses demonstrated five distinct mermithid lineages. Four species delimitation analyses: automated simultaneous analysis phylogenetics (ASAP), maximum likelihood Poisson tree processes with Bayesian inferences (bPTP_ML), generalized mixed yule coalescent (GMYC) and single rate Poisson tree processes (PTP) were applied to delimit the species boundaries of mermithid lineages in this data set along with genetic distance analysis. Data analysis supports five distinct lineages or operational taxonomic units for mermithids in the present study, with two requiring further investigation as they may represent intraspecific variation or closely related taxa. One mermithid lineage was similar to that previously observed in Simulium nigrogilvum from Thailand. Co-infection with two mermithids of different lineages was observed in one larva of Simulium trangense. This study represents an important first step towards exploring other aspects of host - parasite interactions in black fly mermithids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Yogan Lourdes
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence, Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Van Lun Low
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence, Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Noor Izwan-Anas
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence, Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Mahadimenakbar M Dawood
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation (ITBC), University of Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Sofian-Azirun
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Hiroyuki Takaoka
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence, Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Zubaidah Ya'cob
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence, Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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Misbah S, Low VL, Mohd Rahim NF, Jaba R, Basari N, Ya'cob Z, Abu Bakar S. Mitochondrial Diversity of the Asian Tiger Mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Peninsular Malaysia. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:865-873. [PMID: 35178576 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aedes albopictus is one of the main mosquito vectors responsible for transmitting arboviruses to humans and animals. The ability of this mosquito to support virus transmission has been linked to vector competence, which is partly attributed to the genetic disparities in Ae. albopictus population. At present, little is known about the biologically important traits of Ae. albopictus in Malaysia. Thus, the study aims to determine the genetic variation of Ae. albopictus based on the mitochondria-encoded sequences of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). A statistical parsimony network of 253 taxa aligned as 321 characters of the COI gene revealed 42 haplotypes (H1-H42), of which H1 was the most widespread haplotype in Peninsular Malaysia. Three highly divergent haplotypes (H21, H30, and H31) were detected from the northern population. Overall, haplotype and nucleotide diversities were 0.576 and 0.003, respectively, with low genetic differentiation (FST = 0.039) and high gene flow (Nm = 12.21) across all populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Misbah
- Biological Security and Sustainability (BioSES) Research Interest Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Van Lun Low
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Farhana Mohd Rahim
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rizzuaeammie Jaba
- Biological Security and Sustainability (BioSES) Research Interest Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Norasmah Basari
- Biological Security and Sustainability (BioSES) Research Interest Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Zubaidah Ya'cob
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly Abu Bakar
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Morphological description and phylogenetic position of a new cryptic species in the Simulium asakoae species-group, Simulium (Gomphostilbia) mokroense, from Western Thailand. Acta Trop 2022; 228:106313. [PMID: 35038426 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Adult females and males reared from pupae of Simulium sp. from Tak Province and those of S. chiangdaoense Takaoka & Srisuka from four localities in Chiang Mai and Lampang Provinces, northern Thailand, were molecularly and morphologically compared. Simulium sp. is morphologically almost indistinguishable from S. chiangdaoense except the hair tuft at the base of the radius of the adult female and male, which is composed of yellow and dark hairs (in place of yellow hairs only). Molecular analysis using COI gene sequences shows that S. sp. formed a distinct clade and was separated from S. chiangdaoense by a genetic distance of 1.56-2.44%. Based on the results of morphological and molecular analyzes, S. sp. is described as a new species, S. mokroense, from females, males, pupae and mature larvae. It is also found that S. chiangdaoense is genetically diverse, with five lineages, and is morphologically variable in the number of male upper-eye (large) facets, which are in 13 to 17 vertical columns and 14 to 17 horizontal rows on each side. This is a first case, in which the difference in the color of the wing tuft hairs is a clue leading to the discovery of a new cryptic species close to S. chiangdaoense.
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Pramual P, Jomkumsing P, Wongpakam K, Wongwian P. DNA barcoding of tropical black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand: One decade of progress. Acta Trop 2021; 224:106116. [PMID: 34464589 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) are important blood sucking insects because they are the vectors of disease agents transmitted to human and other animals. Rapid and correct species identifications are necessary for all aspects of the study of black flies. DNA barcodes based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) have been effectively used for the determination of black fly species. However, the success of this method requires a large and reliable COI sequence library. In this study, 171 DNA barcoding sequences from 17 black fly species were added to NCBI GenBank database, six of these species were reported for the first time. Efficacy of DNA barcodes for species identification was examined using 1,286 sequences representing 89 nominal species of black flies in Thailand. A considerable level of success (90%) was achieved but efficiency of COI sequences for species identification was very low in the following species-groups; Simulium asakoae, S. feuerborni, S. multistriatum and S. striatum. Incomplete lineage sorting or inadequate variation of this genetic marker for differentiation of recently diverged species are the more likely explanations, and thus, more variable genetic markers are needed. Other reasons for unsuccessful DNA barcoding are imperfect taxonomy and the misidentification of sources of reference sequences. Because many new black fly species in Thailand were described recently, a reassessment of the COI sequences reported previously is necessary.
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Wang YL, Wang NN, Zhang Y, Tsaur SC, Chen HW. Cryptic diversity in the subgenus Oxyphortica (Diptera, Drosophilidae, Stegana). PeerJ 2021; 9:e12347. [PMID: 34760370 PMCID: PMC8559608 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetic relationships of the subgenus Oxyphortica were reconstructed based on two mitochondrial genes (COI and ND2). The results revealed the paraphyly of Oxyphortica and supported high levels of cryptic diversity within this subgenus. By integrating morphological characteristics and molecular evidence, we identified 17 new species as members of Oxyphortica: S. (O.) amphigya sp. nov., S. (O.) armillata sp. nov., S. (O.) ashima sp. nov., S. (O.) bawo sp. nov., S. (O.) crypta sp. nov., S. (O.) gelea sp. nov., S. (O.) hengduanmontana sp. nov., S. (O.) jinmingi sp. nov., S. (O.) mengbalanaxi sp. nov., S. (O.) mouig sp. nov., S. (O.) setipes sp. nov., S. (O.) shangrila sp. nov., S. (O.) tsauri sp. nov., S. (O.) valleculata sp. nov., S. (O.) wanhei sp. nov., S. (O.) yangjin sp. nov. and S. (O.) hypophaia sp. nov. To test the early morphological identifications and confirm the species boundaries, different species delimitation methods, including Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) and Bayesian Phylogenetics and Phylogeography (BP&P), were used, together with traditional distance. All species boundaries were clearly defined. As Oxyphortica species are mainly distributed across Southwest China (e.g., 20 spp. from the Hengduan Mountains), the complex climate and topographic landforms of the area may be responsible for the high levels of species diversity and endemism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lian Wang
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nan-Nan Wang
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shun-Chern Tsaur
- Center for General Education, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - Hong-Wei Chen
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Srisuka W, Aupalee K, Low VL, Yácob Z, Fukuda M, Saeung A, Takaoka H. A new species of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Northern Thailand, with its genetic relationship in the S. asakoae species-group. Acta Trop 2021; 218:105889. [PMID: 33722581 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new black fly species, Simulium (Gomphostilbia) kiewlomense, is described from females, males, pupae and mature larvae in Thailand. This new species is placed in the S. asakoae species-group and is characterized by having a combination of the elongate female sensory vesicle, widened male hind basitarsus, which is much wider than the hind femur, small pupal terminal hooks, and light greenish larval abdominal segments 1-3. Taxonomic notes are given to separate this new species from other related species. A DNA analysis using the COI gene shows that this new species has two genoforms with 1.21% difference. This is the 28th species of the S. asakoae species-group in Thailand, strengthening the evidence for high species diversity of this species-group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wichai Srisuka
- Entomology Section, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, P.O. Box 7, Maerim, Chiang Mai, 50180, Thailand
| | - Kittipat Aupalee
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Van Lun Low
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zubaidah Yácob
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Masako Fukuda
- Institute for Research Promotion, Oita University, Idaigaoka 1-1, Hasama, Yufu City, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Atiporn Saeung
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Hiroyuki Takaoka
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Khanzadeh F, Khaghaninia S, Maleki-Ravasan N, Oshaghi MA, Adler PH. Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of the Aras River Basin: Species composition and floral visitation. Acta Trop 2020; 209:105536. [PMID: 32450136 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Black flies are insects of medical, veterinary, and environmental significance. Historically, they have attacked humans and caused simuliotoxicosis in livestock in the Aras River Basin in northwest Iran. However, information on the species and their bionomics is limited in the region. Adult flies were collected from diverse ecotopes of the Aras River Basin. After morphological identification, representative specimens of each morphological group were subjected to mtDNA COI gene sequence analysis for species diagnosis and to infer relationships. Flies also were examined for pollinia. A total of 1880 specimens representing 12 morphotaxa in two genera (Simulium and Metacnephia) were identified: Simulium turgaicum (n=1834), S. kiritshenkoi (n=12), S. bezzii (n=7), S. brevitarse (n=7), S. pseudequinum (n=5), S. aureum species group (n=4), S. vernum species group (n=3), S. transcaspicum (n=1), three unidentified species of the subgenus Simulium (n=5), and Metacnephia possibly persica (n=2). Fifty two haplotypes were detected for the 65 COI sequences analyzed. Intraspecific genetic divergence was 0.19-8.83%, whereas the mean interspecific genetic distances among the morphotaxa were 1.41-19.58%. Molecular analyses recovered three well-supported lineages within S. turgaicum. One lineage included black flies collected from agricultural fields, a second lineage involved black flies captured from animals, and a third lineage included specimens that had visited flowers, as evidenced by presence of pollinia. The relative abundance (97%) and observations of the S. turgaicum complex biting humans are important epidemiological factors. Future studies are needed to define the potential epidemiological risk of simulids in Khoda-Afarin County of Iran.
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Hidden diversity in Prochilodus nigricans: A new genetic lineage within the Tapajós River basin. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237916. [PMID: 32842138 PMCID: PMC7447553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly spread through the Amazon River basin, Prochilodus nigricans have had its taxonomic validity recently questioned, when genetic differences between Western and Eastern Amazon populations from the Brazilian shield were detected. This area has been seeing as a region of high ichthyofaunal diversity and endemism, in which the hybrid origin of the Tapajós River basin has been raised. In this paper, we report a new molecular lineage within P. nigricans of Tapajós River, highlighting this region still hides taxonomically significant diversity. Haplotype networks were reconstructed using the mitochondrial COI and ATP6/8 markers, which were also used to calculate genetic distances among clusters. We additionally conducted a delimiting species approach by employing a Generalized Mixed Yule-Coalescent model (GMYC) with COI sequences produced here, and previous ones published for individuals sampled across the Amazon River basin. In addition to the genetic differentiation within P. nigricans, our findings favor the hypothesis of hybrid origin of the Tapajós River basin and reaffirm the importance of studies aiming to investigate hidden diversity to address taxonomic and biogeographic issues, that certainly benefit better biodiversity conservation actions.
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Saeung A, Srisuka W, Aupalee K, Fukuda M, Otsuka Y, Taai K, Maleewong W, Takaoka H. Natural infections with larvae of Onchocerca species type I in the human-biting black fly, Simulium nigrogilvum (Diptera: Simuliidae), in western Thailand. Acta Trop 2020; 204:105344. [PMID: 31954685 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Zoonotic onchocerciasis is a human infection caused by Onchocerca species of animal origins and transmitted by black fly vectors. The reported incidence of this disease has increased throughout the world. This study aims to clarify the vectorial roles of black fly species in zoonotic filarial transmission in Tak province, western Thailand. The integrated approach of morphological and DNA sequence-based analyses was used to identify species of both wild-caught female black flies and infective filarial larvae found in the infected black flies. All of 494 female black flies captured were identified as Simulium nigrogilvum, through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and DNA sequence analyses based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and subunit II (COII), and the fast-evolving nuclear elongation complex protein 1 (ECP1) genes. Four females of S. nigrogilvum harbored one to three third-stage larvae (infective larvae) in their thoraces, with an infection rate of 0.81% (4/494). All infective larvae were similar in morphology and size to one another, being identified as Onchocerca species type I (= O. sp. type A), a bovine filaria, originally reported from Japan, and also as O. sp. found in S. nodosum in Thailand, based on their body lengths and widths being 1,068-1,346 µm long by 25-28 µm wide, and morphological characters. Comparisons of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 12S rRNA sequences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and phylogenetic analyses with those of previous reports strongly supported that all larvae were O. sp. type I. This report is the first indicating the presence of O. sp. type I in Thailand and its vector being S. nigrogilvum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiporn Saeung
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wichai Srisuka
- Entomology Section, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, P.O. Box 7, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand
| | - Kittipat Aupalee
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Masako Fukuda
- Institute for Research Promotion, Oita University, Idaigaoka 1-1, Hasama, Yufu City, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Otsuka
- Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan.
| | - Kritsana Taai
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Western University, Kanchanaburi 71170, Thailand
| | - Wanchai Maleewong
- Department of Parasitology, Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Hiroyuki Takaoka
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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13
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M Hernández-Triana L, A Brugman V, I Nikolova N, Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo, Barrero E, Thorne L, Fernández de Marco M, Krüger A, Lumley S, Johnson N, R Fooks A. DNA barcoding of British mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) to support species identification, discovery of cryptic genetic diversity and monitoring invasive species. Zookeys 2019; 832:57-76. [PMID: 30930645 PMCID: PMC6435598 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.832.32257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Correct mosquito species identification is essential for mosquito and disease control programs. However, this is complicated by the difficulties in morphologically identifying some mosquito species. In this study, variation of a partial sequence of the cytochrome c oxidase unit I (COI) gene was used for the molecular identification of British mosquito species and to facilitate the discovery of cryptic diversity, and monitoring invasive species. Three DNA extraction methods were compared to obtain DNA barcodes from adult specimens. In total, we analyzed 42 species belonging to the genera Aedes Meigen, 1818 (21 species), Anopheles Meigen, 1818 (7 species), Coquillettidia Theobald, 1904 (1 species), Culex Linnaeus, 1758 (6 species), Culiseta Felt, 1904 (7 species), and Orthopodomyia Theobald, 1904 (1 species). Intraspecific genetic divergence ranged from 0% to 5.4%, while higher interspecific divergences were identified between Aedesgeminus Peus, 1971/Culisetalitorea (Shute, 1928) (24.6%) and Ae.geminus/An.plumbeus Stephens, 1828 (22.5%). Taxonomic discrepancy was shown between An.daciae Linton, Nicolescu & Harbach, 2004 and An.messeae Falleroni, 1828 indicating the poor resolution of the COI DNA barcoding region in separating these taxa. Other species such as Ae.cantans (Meigen, 1818)/Ae.annulipes (Meigen, 1830) showed similar discrepancies indicating some limitation of this genetic marker to identify certain mosquito species. The combination of morphology and DNA barcoding is an effective approach for the identification of British mosquitoes, for invasive mosquitoes posing a threat to the UK, and for the detection of hidden diversity within species groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor A Brugman
- Vecotech Ltd., Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.,Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Nadya I Nikolova
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo
- Center for Rickettsiosis and Arthropod-Borne Diseases, CIBIR, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Elsa Barrero
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Leigh Thorne
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | | | - Andreas Krüger
- Bunderswehr Hospital Hamburg, Bernhard-Nocht-Str. 74, D-20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Lumley
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Nicholas Johnson
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.,Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Anthony R Fooks
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.,Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, L7 3EA, UK
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14
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Takaoka H, Low VL, Tan TK, Ya'cob Z, Sofian-Azirun M, Dhang Chen C, Lau KW, Da Pham X. A New Black Fly Species of the Simulium (Gomphostilbia) duolongum Subgroup (Diptera: Simuliidae) From Vietnam, and Molecular Comparisons With Related Species Using the COI Barcoding Gene. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 56:432-440. [PMID: 30597034 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Simulium (Gomphostilbia) yvonneae sp. nov. is described based on adults, pupae, and mature larvae from Vietnam. This new species belongs to the Simulium duolongum subgroup in the S. batoense species-group of the subgenus Gomphostilbia Enderlein. It is distinguished by having a relatively larger number of male upper-eye facets in 16 vertical columns and 16 horizontal rows and a pupal gill with eight filaments arranged as 3+(1+2)+2 from dorsal to ventral, of which two filaments of the ventral pair are 1.8 times as long as the longest filament of the middle and dorsal triplets. Morphological comparisons are made to distinguish this new species from all 22 related species. The genetic distinctiveness of this new species in the S. duolongum subgroup is also presented based on the DNA barcoding COI gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Takaoka
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Van Lun Low
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tiong Kai Tan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zubaidah Ya'cob
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Sofian-Azirun
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee Dhang Chen
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Koon Weng Lau
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xuan Da Pham
- The National Office in Southern Region, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of Vietnam, District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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15
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Wang G, Huang M. Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Simulium (Byssodon) maculatum (Diptera: Simuliidae) and its phylogenetic implications. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 121:152-160. [PMID: 30287375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial (mt) genome of the black fly Simulium (Byssodon) maculatum, a pest of great importance for both humans and livestock, is sequenced and annotated for the first time. The genome structure, gene order and codon usage are typical among Diptera mt genomes. The mt genome is circular and 15,799 bp in length with 13 protein coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs) and a control region (CR), and with weakly positive AT-skew (0.02) and negative GC-skew (-0.12). Phylogenetic relationships of 16 species representing five families of Culicomorpha and two outgroups, based on mt genome data, were analyzed using both Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian methods. The monophyly of Culicomorpha is well supported, while Chironomoidea is indicated as a paraphyletic group. The well supported monophyletic Simuliidae is the sister group to Culicidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Min Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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16
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Waddell EH, Crotti M, Lougheed SC, Cannatella DC, Elmer KR. Hierarchies of evolutionary radiation in the world’s most species rich vertebrate group, the Neotropical Pristimantis leaf litter frogs. SYST BIODIVERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2018.1503202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily H. Waddell
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Marco Crotti
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Stephen C. Lougheed
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - David C. Cannatella
- Section of Integrative Biology and Texas Memorial Museum, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Kathryn R. Elmer
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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17
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Ruiz-Arrondo I, Hernández-Triana LM, Ignjatović-Ćupina A, Nikolova N, Garza-Hernández JA, Rodríguez-Pérez MA, Oteo JA, Fooks AR, Lucientes Curdi J. DNA barcoding of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) as a tool for species identification and detection of hidden diversity in the eastern regions of Spain. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:463. [PMID: 30103795 PMCID: PMC6090827 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blackflies have negative impact on public and animal health due to the haematophagous habit of females. In recent times, in some regions in Spain, blackfly outbreaks are becoming more and more frequent, threatening the public health. However, there is still a paucity of data concerning the Spanish blackfly fauna. Correct identification of species is of paramount importance in order to provide correct information on species distribution, biology and behaviour, so that control measures could be implemented appropriately. Methods Blackflies specimens (larvae, pupae, reared adults and biting females) were collected in the period 2015–2017 in and near rivers and streams from different regions in Spain. A modified Hotshot technique was used for the DNA extraction and the cox1 DNA barcoding region of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 was sequenced from the specimens collected. Results In total, we collected 239 specimens representing 22 species. Of these, six species are new records for the Aragón region: P. tomosvaryi, S. bertrandi, S. galloprovinciale, S. lineatum, S. rubzovianum and S. xanthinum. Cox1 DNA barcode sequences for 21 species were recovered, including four species of the genus Prosimulium and 17 species of the genus Simulium [Boophthora (1 species), Eusimulium (1 species), Nevermannia (4 species), Simulium (s.s.) (6 species), Trichodagmia (1 species) and Wilhelmia (4 species)]. For the first time the complete DNA barcodes for five species (P. tomosvaryi, S. carthusiense, S. brevidens, S. monticola and S. sergenti) were registered. Most of the specimens belonging to the same recognized species were clustered together in the neighbour-joining tree, except for S. argyreatum, S. monticola and S. variegatum. The overall genetic distance in the dataset was 0.14%. The average of the intraspecific genetic divergence within the different taxa was 1.47% (0.05–3.96%). In contrast, the interspecific divergence varied between 2.50–22.0%. Conclusions In this study we assessed the use of the cox1 DNA barcoding region for the identification of species of blackflies in Spain. Our results showed that combining DNA barcoding with morphology enhanced our taxonomic rationale in identifying the blackflies in the country. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3046-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo
- Center for Rickettsiosis and Arthropod-Borne Diseases, Hospital Universitario San Pedro-CIBIR, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain. .,Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Luis M Hernández-Triana
- Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | - José A Oteo
- Center for Rickettsiosis and Arthropod-Borne Diseases, Hospital Universitario San Pedro-CIBIR, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Anthony R Fooks
- Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, UK.,Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Javier Lucientes Curdi
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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18
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Low VL, Takaoka H, Adler PH, Tan TK, Weng FCH, Chen CY, Lim YAL, Ya'cob Z, Chen CD, Sofian-Azirun M, Wang D. A novel molecular and chromosomal lineage of the anthropophilic Simulium (Simulium) rufibasis subgroup (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Taiwan. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:3137-3143. [PMID: 30006809 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The Simulium rufibasis subgroup is one of three subgroups of the Simulium (Simulium) tuberosum species-group; it is characterized by a pair of clustered stout hairs on the ventral surface of female abdominal segment 7. A member of the S. rufibasis subgroup in Taiwan was investigated morphologically and genetically using the universal cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcoding gene and polytene chromosomal banding pattern. The Taiwanese material is morphologically similar to S. rosliramlii Takaoka & Chen from Vietnam and represents the second species of the S. rufibasis subgroup known from Taiwan. It also represents a novel molecular lineage that is distinct from three other primary lineages identified as S. doipuiense, S. doipuiense/S. rufibasis, and S. weji previously reported from Thailand. The mitochondrial evidence for a distinct lineage in Taiwan is supported by chromosomal analysis, which revealed unique sex chromosomes. For nomenclatural stability, we associate the name S. arisanum Shiraki with the Taiwanese entity. Originally described from females from Taiwan, S. arisanum until now has remained an enigmatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Lun Low
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Hiroyuki Takaoka
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Peter H Adler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
| | - Tiong Kai Tan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Cheng-Yu Chen
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yvonne Ai Lian Lim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zubaidah Ya'cob
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee Dhang Chen
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Sofian-Azirun
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Daryi Wang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Takaoka H, Srisuka W, Low VL, Saeung A. A New Species of the Simulium (Simulium) striatum Species Group (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thailand, and Its Differentiation from Two Related Species Based on a Fast-Evolving Nuclear Gene. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 55:561-568. [PMID: 29361011 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Simulium (Simulium) phraense sp. nov. (Diptera: Simuliidae) is described from females, males, pupae, and larvae from Thailand. This new species is placed in the Simulium striatum species group and is most similar to Simulium (Simulium) nakhonense Takaoka & Suzuki (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thailand among species of the same species group but is barely distinguished from the latter species by lacking annular ridges on the surface of the pupal gill filaments. The fast-evolving nuclear big zinc finger (BZF) gene has successfully differentiated this new species from its allies, S. (S.) nakhonense and Simulium (Simulium) chiangmaiense Takaoka & Suzuki (Diptera: Simuliidae) of the S. striatum species group. The BZF gene sequences show that this new species is more closely related to S. (S.) nakhonense than to S. (S.) chiangmaiense, further supporting its morphological classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Takaoka
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Malaysia
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - Wichai Srisuka
- Entomology Section, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Thailand
| | - Van Lun Low
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - Atiporn Saeung
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
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20
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Lin XL, Stur E, Ekrem T. Exploring species boundaries with multiple genetic loci using empirical data from non-biting midges. ZOOL SCR 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Lin
- Department of Natural History; NTNU University Museum; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - Elisabeth Stur
- Department of Natural History; NTNU University Museum; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - Torbjørn Ekrem
- Department of Natural History; NTNU University Museum; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
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21
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Andrade-Souza V, Silva JG, Hamada N. Phylogeography and population diversity of Simulium hirtipupa Lutz (Diptera: Simuliidae) based on mitochondrial COI sequences. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190091. [PMID: 29281704 PMCID: PMC5744943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High morphological homogeneity and cryptic speciation may cause the diversity within Simuliidae to be underestimated. Recent molecular studies on population genetics and phylogeography have contributed to reveal which factors influenced the diversity within this group. This study aimed at examining the genetic diversity of Simulium hirtipupa Lutz, 1910 in populations from the biomes Caatinga, Cerrado, and Atlantic Forest. In this study, we carried out phylogeographic and population genetic analyses using a fragment of the mitochondrial gene COI. The 19 populations studied were clustered into seven groups, most of which are associated with geography indicating certain genetic structure. The northern region of the state of Minas Gerais is most likely the center of origin of this species. The average intergroup genetic distance was 3.7%, indicating the presence of cryptic species. The species tree as well as the haplotype network recovered all groups forming two major groups: the first comprises groups Gr-Bahia (in which the São Francisco river has not acted as geographical barrier), Gr-Pernambuco, and Gr-Mato Grosso do Sul. The second included groups comprising populations of the states of Goiás, Tocantins, Minas Gerais, Bahia, São Paulo, and Espírito Santo. The mismatch distribution for groups was consistent with the model of demographic expansion, except for the Gr-Central-East_1 group. The diversification in this group occurred about 1.19 Mya during the Pleistocene, influenced by paleoclimatic oscillations during the Quaternary glacial cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanderly Andrade-Souza
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Citotaxonomia e Insetos Aquáticos, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Janisete G. Silva
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Neusa Hamada
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Citotaxonomia e Insetos Aquáticos, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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22
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Ya'cob Z, Takaoka H, Low VL, Sofian-Azirun M. Uncovering the mask of the Simulium feuerborni complex (Diptera: Simuliidae): Description of a new pseudocryptic species Simulium pairoti from Malaysia. Acta Trop 2017; 169:133-141. [PMID: 28185824 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A black fly species of the Simulium feuerborni species-group of Simulium (Nevermannia) from Cameron Highland, Peninsular Malaysia, previously regarded as S. feuerborni Edwards, originally described from East Java, is described as Simulium pairoti sp. nov. based on complete life stages. High intraspecific variations in the arrangement of the six pupal gill filaments, length of the stalk of the ventral paired filaments, and length of the anterodorsal projection of the cocoon, are noted in this species. This new species is readily distinguished from its congeners by having the characters of male genitalia with simple lamellate ventral plate, short inwardly-twisted styles, several parameral hooks, and a simple narrow median sclerite. Morphological data reported herein plus the chromosomal and molecular data presented elsewhere support S. pairoti as a novel pseudocryptic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubaidah Ya'cob
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Hiroyuki Takaoka
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Van Lun Low
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Sofian-Azirun
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
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23
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Hernández-Triana LM, Montes De Oca F, Prosser SW, Hebert PD, Gregory TR, McMurtrie S. DNA barcoding as an aid for species identification in austral black flies (Insecta: Diptera: Simuliidae). Genome 2017; 60:348-357. [DOI: 10.1139/gen-2015-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the utility of a partial sequence of the COI gene, the DNA barcoding region, for the identification of species of black flies in the austral region was assessed. Twenty-eight morphospecies were analyzed: eight of the genus Austrosimulium (four species in the subgenus Austrosimulium s. str., three species in the subgenus Novaustrosimulium, and one species unassigned to subgenus), two of the genus Cnesia, eight of Gigantodax, three of Paracnephia, one of Paraustrosimulium, and six of Simulium (subgenera Morops, Nevermannia, and Pternaspatha). The neighbour-joining tree derived from the DNA barcode sequences grouped most specimens according to species or species groups recognized by morphotaxonomic studies. Intraspecific sequence divergences within morphologically distinct species ranged from 0% to 1.8%, while higher divergences (2%–4.2%) in certain species suggested the presence of cryptic diversity. The existence of well-defined groups within S. simile revealed the likely inclusion of cryptic diversity. DNA barcodes also showed that specimens identified as C. dissimilis, C. nr. pussilla, and C. ornata might be conspecific, suggesting possible synonymy. DNA barcoding combined with a sound morphotaxonomic framework would provide an effective approach for the identification of black flies in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda Montes De Oca
- Program of Applied Studies for the Conservation of Nahuel Huapi National Park, Fagnano 244, CP 8400 Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Sean W.J. Prosser
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Paul D.N. Hebert
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - T. Ryan Gregory
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Ya’cob Z, Takaoka H, Low VL, Sofian-Azirun M. First description of a new cryptic species, Simulium vanluni from Peninsular Malaysia: An integrated morpho-taxonomical and genetic approach for naming cryptic species in the family Simuliidae. Acta Trop 2017; 167:31-39. [PMID: 27986545 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, the numbers of cryptic taxa have increased significantly with current progress in DNA barcoding, yet, most of these cryptic taxa have not been formally named and recognized as valid species. To address this issue, we provide a guide for applying the procedure of describing new cryptic species in the family Simuliidae. Simulium (Simulium) vanluni from Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia, previously treated as S. nobile De Meijere, is described as a new species by using an integrated morpho-taxonomical and genetic approach. This new species is morphologically identical to S. nobile from Java and S. kiuliense Smart & Clifford from Borneo, but their distinctiveness is supported by an expanded multigene phylogeny analysis.
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Colorado-Garzón FA, Adler PH, García LF, Muñoz de Hoyos P, Bueno ML, Matta NE. Estimating Diversity of Black Flies in theSimulium ignescensandSimulium tunjaComplexes in Colombia: Chromosomal Rearrangements as the Core of Integrative Taxonomy. J Hered 2016; 108:12-24. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esw063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Adler PH, Takaoka H, Sofian-Azirun M, Low VL, Ya’cob Z, Chen CD, Lau KW, Pham XD. Vietnam, a Hotspot for Chromosomal Diversity and Cryptic Species in Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163881. [PMID: 27695048 PMCID: PMC5047563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing attention on Vietnam as a biodiversity hotspot prompted an investigation of the potential for cryptic diversity in black flies, a group well known elsewhere for its high frequency of isomorphic species. We analyzed the banding structure of the larval polytene chromosomes in the Simulium tuberosum species group to probe for diversity beyond the morphological level. Among 272 larvae, 88 different chromosomal rearrangements, primarily paracentric inversions, were discovered in addition to 25 already known in the basic sequences of the group in Asia. Chromosomal diversity in Vietnam far exceeds that known for the group in Thailand, with only about 5% of the rearrangements shared between the two countries. Fifteen cytoforms and nine morphoforms were revealed among six nominal species in Vietnam. Chromosomal evidence, combined with available molecular and morphological evidence, conservatively suggests that at least five of the cytoforms are valid species, two of which require formal names. The total chromosomal rearrangements and species (15) now known from the group in Vietnam far exceed those of any other area of comparable size in the world, supporting the country’s status as a biodiversity hotspot. Phylogenetic inference based on uniquely shared, derived chromosomal rearrangements supports the clustering of cytoforms into two primary lineages, the Simulium tani complex and the Southeast Asian Simulium tuberosum subgroup. Some of these taxa could be threatened by habitat destruction, given their restricted geographical distributions and the expanding human population of Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H. Adler
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Hiroyuki Takaoka
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Sofian-Azirun
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Van Lun Low
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Zubaidah Ya’cob
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chee Dhang Chen
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Koon Weng Lau
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Xuan Da Pham
- National Agency in Southern Region, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 700000
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Low VL, Takaoka H, Pramual P, Adler PH, Ya'cob Z, Chen CD, Yotopranoto S, Zaid A, Hadi UK, Lardizabal ML, Nasruddin-Roshidi A, Sofian-Azirun M. Three Taxa in One: Cryptic Diversity in the Black Fly Simulium nobile (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Southeast Asia. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 53:972-976. [PMID: 27208009 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We access the molecular diversity of the black fly Simulium nobile De Mejiere, using the universal cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcoding gene, across its distributional range in Southeast Asia. Our phylogenetic analyses recovered three well-supported mitochondrial lineages of S. nobile, suggesting the presence of cryptic species. Lineage A is composed of a population from Sabah, East Malaysia (Borneo); lineage B represents the type population from Java, Indonesia; and lineage C includes populations from the mainland of Southeast Asia (Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand). The genetic variation of lineage C on the mainland is greater than that of lineages A and B on the islands of Borneo and Java. Our study highlights the value of a molecular approach in assessing species status of simuliids in geographically distinct regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Lun Low
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (; ; ; ; ; ),
| | - Hiroyuki Takaoka
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Pairot Pramual
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Peter H Adler
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
| | - Zubaidah Ya'cob
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Chee Dhang Chen
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Subagyo Yotopranoto
- Laboratory of Entomology, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Adnan Zaid
- University of Technology Yogyakarta, Jalan Ring Road Utara Jombor Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Upik Kesumawati Hadi
- Department of Animal Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Maria Lourdes Lardizabal
- International Tropical Forestry Programme, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Affan Nasruddin-Roshidi
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Mohd Sofian-Azirun
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (; ; ; ; ; )
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