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Reynolds J, Loeffler RS, Leigh PJ, Lopez HA, Yoon JY. Recent Uses of Paper Microfluidics in Isothermal Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:885. [PMID: 37754119 PMCID: PMC10526735 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Isothermal nucleic acid amplification tests have recently gained popularity over polymerase chain reaction (PCR), as they only require a constant temperature and significantly simplify nucleic acid amplification. Recently, numerous attempts have been made to incorporate paper microfluidics into these isothermal amplification tests. Paper microfluidics (including lateral flow strips) have been used to extract nucleic acids, amplify the target gene, and detect amplified products, all toward automating the process. We investigated the literature from 2020 to the present, i.e., since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, during which a significant surge in isothermal amplification tests has been observed. Paper microfluidic detection has been used extensively for recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and its related methods, along with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and rolling circle amplification (RCA). Detection was conducted primarily with colorimetric and fluorometric methods, although a few publications demonstrated flow distance- and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS)-based detection. A good number of publications could be found that demonstrated both amplification and detection on paper microfluidic platforms. A small number of publications could be found that showed extraction or all three procedures (i.e., fully integrated systems) on paper microfluidic platforms, necessitating the need for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Reynolds
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (J.R.); (R.S.L.); (P.J.L.)
| | - Reid S. Loeffler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (J.R.); (R.S.L.); (P.J.L.)
| | - Preston J. Leigh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (J.R.); (R.S.L.); (P.J.L.)
| | - Hannah A. Lopez
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Jeong-Yeol Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (J.R.); (R.S.L.); (P.J.L.)
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2
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Gil JF, Moura CS, Silverio V, Gonçalves G, Santos HA. Cancer Models on Chip: Paving the Way to Large-Scale Trial Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300692. [PMID: 37103886 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer kills millions of individuals every year all over the world (Global Cancer Observatory). The physiological and biomechanical processes underlying the tumor are still poorly understood, hindering researchers from creating new, effective therapies. Inconsistent results of preclinical research, in vivo testing, and clinical trials decrease drug approval rates. 3D tumor-on-a-chip (ToC) models integrate biomaterials, tissue engineering, fabrication of microarchitectures, and sensory and actuation systems in a single device, enabling reliable studies in fundamental oncology and pharmacology. This review includes a critical discussion about their ability to reproduce the tumor microenvironment (TME), the advantages and drawbacks of existing tumor models and architectures, major components and fabrication techniques. The focus is on current materials and micro/nanofabrication techniques used to manufacture reliable and reproducible microfluidic ToC models for large-scale trial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Ferreira Gil
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Marinha Grande, 2430-028, Portugal
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN), Rua Alves Redol 9, Lisbon, 1000-029, Portugal
- TEMA, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Carla Sofia Moura
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Marinha Grande, 2430-028, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Applied Research Institute, Coimbra, 3045-093, Portugal
| | - Vania Silverio
- INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN), Rua Alves Redol 9, Lisbon, 1000-029, Portugal
- Department of Physics, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, 1049-001, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy - i4HB, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gil Gonçalves
- TEMA, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory (LASI), Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
- W.J. Korf Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
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3
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Rabe DC, Ho U, Choudhury A, Wallace J, Luciani E, Lee D, Flynn E, Stott SL. Aryl-diazonium salts offer a rapid and cost-efficient method to functionalize plastic microfluidic devices for increased immunoaffinity capture. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2023; 8:2300210. [PMID: 38283881 PMCID: PMC10812904 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202300210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices have been used for decades to isolate cells, viruses, and proteins using on-chip immunoaffinity capture using biotinylated antibodies, proteins, or aptamers. To accomplish this, the inner surface is modified to present binding moieties for the desired analyte. While this approach has been successful in research settings, it is challenging to scale many surface modification strategies. Traditional polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) devices can be effectively functionalized using silane-based methods; however, it requires high labor hours, cleanroom equipment, and hazardous chemicals. Manufacture of microfluidic devices using plastics, including cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), allows chips to be mass produced, but most functionalization methods used with PDMS are not compatible with plastic. Here we demonstrate how to deposit biotin onto the surface of a plastic microfluidic chips using aryl-diazonium. This method chemically bonds biotin to the surface, allowing for the addition of streptavidin nanoparticles to the surface. Nanoparticles increase the surface area of the chip and allow for proper capture moiety orientation. Our process is faster, can be performed outside of a fume hood, is very cost-effective using readily available laboratory equipment, and demonstrates higher rates of capture. Additionally, our method allows for more rapid and scalable production of devices, including for diagnostic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Rabe
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Uyen Ho
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
| | - Adarsh Choudhury
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
| | - Jessica Wallace
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
| | - Evelyn Luciani
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
| | - Dasol Lee
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
| | - Elizabeth Flynn
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
| | - Shannon L Stott
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142
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Clack K, Soda N, Kasetsirikul S, Mahmudunnabi RG, Nguyen NT, Shiddiky MJA. Toward Personalized Nanomedicine: The Critical Evaluation of Micro and Nanodevices for Cancer Biomarker Analysis in Liquid Biopsy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205856. [PMID: 36631277 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy for the analysis of circulating cancer biomarkers (CBs) is a major advancement toward the early detection of cancer. In comparison to tissue biopsy techniques, liquid biopsy is relatively painless, offering multiple sampling opportunities across easily accessible bodily fluids such as blood, urine, and saliva. Liquid biopsy is also relatively inexpensive and simple, avoiding the requirement for specialized laboratory equipment or trained medical staff. Major advances in the field of liquid biopsy are attributed largely to developments in nanotechnology and microfabrication that enables the creation of highly precise chip-based platforms. These devices can overcome detection limitations of an individual biomarker by detecting multiple markers simultaneously on the same chip, or by featuring integrated and combined target separation techniques. In this review, the major advances in the field of portable and semi-portable micro, nano, and multiplexed platforms for CB detection for the early diagnosis of cancer are highlighted. A comparative discussion is also provided, noting merits and drawbacks of the platforms, especially in terms of portability. Finally, key challenges toward device portability and possible solutions, as well as discussing the future direction of the field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Clack
- School of Environment and Science (ESC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Narshone Soda
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Surasak Kasetsirikul
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Rabbee G Mahmudunnabi
- School of Environment and Science (ESC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- School of Environment and Science (ESC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
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5
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Allan C, Tayagui A, Hornung R, Nock V, Meisrimler CN. A dual-flow RootChip enables quantification of bi-directional calcium signaling in primary roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1040117. [PMID: 36704158 PMCID: PMC9871814 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1040117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
One sentence summary: Bi-directional-dual-flow-RootChip to track calcium signatures in Arabidopsis primary roots responding to osmotic stress. Plant growth and survival is fundamentally linked with the ability to detect and respond to abiotic and biotic factors. Cytosolic free calcium (Ca2+) is a key messenger in signal transduction pathways associated with a variety of stresses, including mechanical, osmotic stress and the plants' innate immune system. These stresses trigger an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ and thus initiate a signal transduction cascade, contributing to plant stress adaptation. Here we combine fluorescent G-CaMP3 Arabidopsis thaliana sensor lines to visualise Ca2+ signals in the primary root of 9-day old plants with an optimised dual-flow RootChip (dfRC). The enhanced polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) bi-directional-dual-flow-RootChip (bi-dfRC) reported here adds two adjacent inlet channels at the base of the observation chamber, allowing independent or asymmetric chemical stimulation at either the root differentiation zone or tip. Observations confirm distinct early spatio-temporal patterns of salinity (sodium chloride, NaCl) and drought (polyethylene glycol, PEG)-induced Ca2+ signals throughout different cell types dependent on the first contact site. Furthermore, we show that the primary signal always dissociates away from initially stimulated cells. The observed early signaling events induced by NaCl and PEG are surprisingly complex and differ from long-term changes in cytosolic Ca2+ reported in roots. Bi-dfRC microfluidic devices will provide a novel approach to challenge plant roots with different conditions simultaneously, while observing bi-directionality of signals. Future applications include combining the bi-dfRC with H2O2 and redox sensor lines to test root systemic signaling responses to biotic and abiotic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Allan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Ayelen Tayagui
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Volker Nock
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, New Zealand
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Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most prevalent and complex clinical syndromes with high morbidity and mortality. The traditional diagnosis parameters are insufficient regarding specificity and sensitivity, and therefore, novel biomarkers and their facile and rapid applications are being sought to improve the diagnostic procedures. The biosensors, which are employed on the basis of electrochemistry, plasmonics, molecular probes, and nanoparticles, are the prominent ways of developing point-of-care devices, along with the mutual integration of efficient surface chemistry strategies. In this manner, biosensing platforms hold pivotal significance in detecting and quantifying novel AKI biomarkers to improve diagnostic interventions, potentially accelerating clinical management to control the injury in a timely manner. In this review, novel diagnostic platforms and their manufacturing processes are presented comprehensively. Furthermore, strategies to boost their effectiveness are also indicated with several applications. To maximize these efforts, we also review various biosensing approaches with a number of biorecognition elements (e.g., antibodies, aptamers, and molecular imprinting molecules), as well as benchmark their features such as robustness, stability, and specificity of these platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Derin
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatih Inci
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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7
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Microscopic Imaging Methods for Organ-on-a-Chip Platforms. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020328. [PMID: 35208453 PMCID: PMC8879989 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic imaging is essential and the most popular method for in situ monitoring and evaluating the outcome of various organ-on-a-chip (OOC) platforms, including the number and morphology of mammalian cells, gene expression, protein secretions, etc. This review presents an overview of how various imaging methods can be used to image organ-on-a-chip platforms, including transillumination imaging (including brightfield, phase-contrast, and holographic optofluidic imaging), fluorescence imaging (including confocal fluorescence and light-sheet fluorescence imaging), and smartphone-based imaging (including microscope attachment-based, quantitative phase, and lens-free imaging). While various microscopic imaging methods have been demonstrated for conventional microfluidic devices, a relatively small number of microscopic imaging methods have been demonstrated for OOC platforms. Some methods have rarely been used to image OOCs. Specific requirements for imaging OOCs will be discussed in comparison to the conventional microfluidic devices and future directions will be introduced in this review.
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8
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Sharma P, Suleman S, Farooqui A, Ali W, Narang J, Malode SJ, Shetti NP. Analytical Methods for Ebola Virus Detection. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Fennell RD, Sher M, Asghar W. Development of a Microfluidic Device for CD4+ T Cell Isolation and Automated Enumeration from Whole Blood. BIOSENSORS 2021; 12:bios12010012. [PMID: 35049640 PMCID: PMC8773767 DOI: 10.3390/bios12010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The development of point-of-care, cost-effective, and easy-to-use assays for the accurate counting of CD4+ T cells remains an important focus for HIV-1 disease management. The CD4+ T cell count provides an indication regarding the overall success of HIV-1 treatments. The CD4+ T count information is equally important for both resource-constrained regions and areas with extensive resources. Hospitals and other allied facilities may be overwhelmed by epidemics or other disasters. An assay for a physician’s office or other home-based setting is becoming increasingly popular. We have developed a technology for the rapid quantification of CD4+ T cells. A double antibody selection process, utilizing anti-CD4 and anti-CD3 antibodies, is tested and provides a high specificity. The assay utilizes a microfluidic chip coated with the anti-CD3 antibody, having an improved antibody avidity. As a result of enhanced binding, a higher flow rate can be applied that enables an improved channel washing to reduce non-specific bindings. A wide-field optical imaging system is also developed that provides the rapid quantification of cells. The designed optical setup is portable and low-cost. An ImageJ-based program is developed for the automatic counting of CD4+ T cells. We have successfully isolated and counted CD4+ T cells with high specificity and efficiency greater than 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Fennell
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; (R.D.F.); (M.S.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Mazhar Sher
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; (R.D.F.); (M.S.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; (R.D.F.); (M.S.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences (Courtesy Appointment), Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Correspondence:
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10
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Petrucci S, Costa C, Broyles D, Dikici E, Daunert S, Deo S. On-site detection of food and waterborne bacteria - current technologies, challenges, and future directions. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021; 115:409-421. [PMID: 34267423 DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With the rise in outbreaks of pathogenic bacteria in both food and water resulting in an increased instance of infection, there is a growing public health problem in both developed and developing countries. In this increasing threat the most effective method for control and prevention is rapid and cost-effective detection. Research has shifted in recent years towards the development of rapid and on-site assays for the detection of these kinds of bacteria. However, there are still some limitations in the implementation of these assays in the field. This article discusses the current on-site detection methods. Current scope of advancements and limitations in the development or use of these on-site technologies for food and waterborne bacterial detection is evaluated in this study. With the continued development of these technologies, on-site detection will continue to impact many areas of public health. As these methods continue to improve and diversify further, on-site detection could become more widely implemented in food and water analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Petrucci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136 United States.,Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136 United States
| | - Connor Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136 United States.,Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136 United States
| | - David Broyles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136 United States.,Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136 United States
| | - Emre Dikici
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136 United States.,Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136 United States
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136 United States.,Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136 United States.,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136 United States
| | - Sapna Deo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136 United States.,Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136 United States
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Mutational and biophysical robustness in a prestabilized monobody. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100447. [PMID: 33617878 PMCID: PMC8010708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibronectin type III (FN3) monobody domain is a promising non-antibody scaffold, which features a less complex architecture than an antibody while maintaining analogous binding loops. We previously developed FN3Con, a hyperstable monobody derivative with diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Prestabilization of the scaffold mitigates the stability–function trade-off commonly associated with evolving a protein domain toward biological activity. Here, we aimed to examine if the FN3Con monobody could take on antibody-like binding to therapeutic targets, while retaining its extreme stability. We targeted the first of the Adnectin derivative of monobodies to reach clinical trials, which was engineered by directed evolution for binding to the therapeutic target VEGFR2; however, this function was gained at the expense of large losses in thermostability and increased oligomerization. In order to mitigate these losses, we grafted the binding loops from Adnectin-anti-VEGFR2 (CT-322) onto the prestabilized FN3Con scaffold to produce a domain that successfully bound with high affinity to the therapeutic target VEGFR2. This FN3Con-anti-VEGFR2 construct also maintains high thermostability, including remarkable long-term stability, retaining binding activity after 2 years of storage at 36 °C. Further investigations into buffer excipients doubled the presence of monomeric monobody in accelerated stability trials. These data suggest that loop grafting onto a prestabilized scaffold is a viable strategy for the development of monobody domains with desirable biophysical characteristics and that FN3Con is therefore well-suited to applications such as the evolution of multiple paratopes or shelf-stable diagnostics and therapeutics.
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12
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BIO-INSPIRED MAGNETIC BEADS FOR ISOLATION OF SPERM FROM HETEROGENOUS SAMPLES IN FORENSIC APPLICATIONS. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2020; 52:102451. [PMID: 33556896 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2020.102451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and efficient processing of sexual assault evidence will accelerate forensic investigation and decrease casework backlogs. The standardized protocols currently used in forensic laboratories require the continued innovation to handle the increasing number and complexity of samples being submitted to forensic labs. Here, we present a new technique leveraging the integration of a bio-inspired oligosaccharide (i.e., Sialyl-LewisX) with magnetic beads that provides a rapid, inexpensive, and easy-to-use strategy that can potentially be adapted with current differential extraction practice in forensics labs. This platform (i) selectively captures sperm; (ii) is sensitive within the forensic cut-off; (iii) provides a cost effective solution that can be automated with existing laboratory platforms; and (iv) handles small volumes of sample (∼200 μL). This strategy can rapidly isolate sperm within 25 minutes of total processing that will prepare the extracted sample for downstream forensic analysis and ultimately help accelerate forensic investigation and reduce casework backlogs.
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13
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Mataji-Kojouri A, Ozen MO, Shahabadi M, Inci F, Demirci U. Entangled Nanoplasmonic Cavities for Estimating Thickness of Surface-Adsorbed Layers. ACS NANO 2020; 14:8518-8527. [PMID: 32639713 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic sensors provide real-time and label-free detection of biotargets with unprecedented sensitivity and detection limit. However, they usually lack the ability to estimate the thickness of the target layer formed on top of the sensing surface. Here, we report a sensing modality based on reflection spectroscopy of a nanoplasmonic Fabry-Perot cavity array, which exhibits characteristics of both surface plasmon polaritons and localized plasmon resonances and outperforms its conventional counterparts by providing the thickness of the surface-adsorbed layers. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the designed plasmonic surface resembles two entangled Fabry-Perot cavities excited from both ends. Performance of the device is evaluated by studying sensor response in the refractive index (RI) measurement of aqueous glycerol solutions and during formation of a surface-adsorbed layer consisting of protein (i.e., NeutrAvidin) molecules. By tracking the resonance wavelengths of the two modes of the nanoplasmonic surface, it is therefore possible to measure the thickness of a homogeneous adsorbed layer and RI of the background solution with precisions better than 4 nm and 0.0001 RI units. Using numerical simulations, we show that the thickness estimation algorithm can be extended for layers consisting of nanometric analytes adsorbed on an antibody-coated sensor surface. Furthermore, performance of the device has been evaluated to detect exosomes. By providing a thickness estimation for adsorbed layers and differentiating binding events from background RI variations, this device can potentially supersede conventional plasmonic sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amideddin Mataji-Kojouri
- Photonics Research Laboratory, Center of Excellence on Applied Electromagnetic Systems, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439957131, Iran
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Mehmet Ozgun Ozen
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Mahmoud Shahabadi
- Photonics Research Laboratory, Center of Excellence on Applied Electromagnetic Systems, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439957131, Iran
| | - Fatih Inci
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
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14
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An antibody panel for highly specific detection and differentiation of Zika virus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11906. [PMID: 32681135 PMCID: PMC7367842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68635-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging flavivirus transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitos. ZIKV can be transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy and can cause microcephaly and other birth defects. Effective vaccines for Zika are yet to be approved. Detection of the ZIKV is based on serological testing that often shows cross-reactivity with the Dengue virus (DENV) and other flaviviruses. We aimed to assemble a highly specific anti-Zika antibody panel to be utilized in the development of a highly specific and cost-effective ZIKV rapid quantification assay for viral load monitoring at point-of-care settings. To this end, we tested the affinity and specificity of twenty one commercially available monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against ZIKV and DENV envelope proteins utilizing nine ZIKV and twelve DENV strains. We finalized and tested a panel of five antibodies for the specific detection and differentiation of ZIKV and DENV infected samples.
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15
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Makler A, Asghar W. Exosomal biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and patient monitoring. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:387-400. [PMID: 32067543 PMCID: PMC7071954 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1731308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on using exosomes as biomarkers for cancer detection. Exosomes are 40-150 nm-sized extracellular vesicles released by all cell types, including tumor cells. Exosomes are stable in body fluids due to their lipid bilayer member and often contain DNA, RNA, and proteins. These exosomes can be harvested from blood, plasma, serum, urine, or saliva and analyzed for tumor-relevant mutations. Thus, exosomes provide an alternative to current methods of tumor detection.Areas covered: This review discusses the use of exosomal diagnostics in various tumor types as well as their examination in various clinical trials. The authors also discuss the limitations of exosome-based diagnostics in the clinical setting and provide examples of several studies in which the development and usage of microfluidic chips and nano-sensing devices have been utilized to address these obstacles.Expert commentary: In recent years, exosomes and their contents have exhibited potential as novel tumor detection markers despite the labor involved in their harvest and isolation. Despite this, much work is being done to optimize exosome capture and analysis. Thus, their roles as biomarkers in the clinical setting appear promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Makler
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431
- Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
- Department of Biological Sciences (courtesy appointment), Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
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16
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Abstract
Cancer drug resistance mechanisms such as tumor heterogeneity and adaptable feedback loops are prevalent issues facing cancer therapy development. Drug resistance can be unique to a cancer type and, most importantly, to each individual cancer patient. Consequently, testing different dosages and therapeutics directly on each individual patient sample (i.e., tumor and cancer cells) has compelling advantages compared to large scale in vitro drug testing and is a step toward personalized drug selection and effective treatment development. Recently, microfluidic-based chemo-sensitivity assays on patient biopsies have been proposed. Despite their novelty, these platforms usually rely on optical labels, optical equipment, or complex microfabricated channel geometries and structures. In this work, we proposed a novel lab on a chip platform capable of real-time and continuous screening of drug efficacy on (cancer) cell subpopulations without the need of labels or bulky readout optical equipment. In this platform, several label-free and rapid techniques have been implemented for the precise capturing of cells of interest in parallel with the real-time measurement and characterization of the effectiveness of candidate therapeutic agents. To demonstrate the utility of the platform, the effect of an apoptotic inducer, topoisomerase I inhibitor, 7-ethyl-10-hydrocamptothecin (SN38) on human colorectal carcinoma cancer cells (HCT 116) was used as a study model. Additionally, electrical results were optically verified to examine the continuous measurements of the biological mechanisms, specifically, apoptosis and necrosis, during therapeutic agent characterizations. The proposed device is a versatile platform which can also be easily redesigned for the automated and arrayed analysis of cell-drug interaction down to the single cell level. Our platform is another step toward enabling the personalized screening of drug efficacy on individual patients' samples that potentially leads to a better understanding of drug resistance and the optimization of patients' treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Velasco
- Biochemistry Department , Stanford University , Palo Alto , California 94305 , United States
| | - Kushal Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of California Irvine , Irvine , California 92617 , United States
| | - Jiamin Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology , Stanford University School of Medicine , Palo Alto , California 94305 , United States
| | - Rahim Esfandyarpour
- Department of Electrical Engineering , University of California Irvine , Irvine , California 92617 , United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of California Irvine , Irvine , California 92617 , United States.,Henry Samueli School of Engineering , University of California Irvine , Irvine , California 92617 , United States
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17
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Sher M, Asghar W. Development of a multiplex fully automated assay for rapid quantification of CD4 + T cells from whole blood. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 142:111490. [PMID: 31302394 PMCID: PMC6718319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of cost-effective and rapid assays for the accurate counting of CD4 cells has remained prime focus for disease management. The lack of such assays has severely affected people living in resource-limited disease prevalent areas. CD4 count information plays a vital role in the effective management of HIV disease. There is an unmet need to develop rapid, cost-effective, portable and user-friendly point-of-care (POC) disease diagnostic platform technology for CD4+ T cell counting. Here, we have developed a flow-free magnetic actuation platform that uses antibody-coated magnetic beads to efficiently capture CD4+ T cells from a 30 μL drop of whole blood. On-chip cell lysate electrical impedance spectroscopy has been utilized to quantify the isolated CD4 cells. The developed assay has a limit of detection of 25 cells per μL and provides accurate CD4 counts in the range of 25-800 cells per μL. The whole immunoassay along with the enumeration process is very rapid and provides CD4 quantification results within 5 min time frame. The assay does not require off-chip sample preparation steps and minimizes human involvement to a greater extent. The developed impedance-based immunoassay has potential to significantly improve the CD4 enumeration process especially for POC settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazhar Sher
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA; Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA; Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA; Department of Biological Sciences (Courtesy Appointment), Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
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18
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Plasmonic-based platforms for diagnosis of infectious diseases at the point-of-care. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107440. [PMID: 31476421 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases such as HIV-1/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), hepatitis B (HBV), and malaria still exert a tremendous health burden on the developing world, requiring rapid, simple and inexpensive diagnostics for on-site diagnosis and treatment monitoring. However, traditional diagnostic methods such as nucleic acid tests (NATs) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) cannot be readily implemented in point-of-care (POC) settings. Recently, plasmonic-based biosensors have emerged, offering an attractive solution to manage infectious diseases in the developing world since they can achieve rapid, real-time and label-free detection of various pathogenic biomarkers. Via the principle of plasmonic-based optical detection, a variety of biosensing technologies such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), colorimetric plasmonic assays, and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) have emerged for early diagnosis of HIV-1, TB, HBV and malaria. Similarly, plasmonic-based colorimetric assays have also been developed with the capability of multiplexing and cellphone integration, which is well suited for POC testing in the developing world. Herein, we present a comprehensive review on recent advances in surface chemistry, substrate fabrication, and microfluidic integration for the development of plasmonic-based biosensors, aiming at rapid management of infectious diseases at the POC, and thus improving global health.
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19
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Asghar W, Sher M, Khan NS, Vyas JM, Demirci U. Microfluidic Chip for Detection of Fungal Infections. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:7474-7481. [PMID: 31080939 PMCID: PMC6504191 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Fungal infections can lead to severe clinical outcomes such as multiple organ failure and septic shock. Rapid detection of fungal infections allows clinicians to treat patients in a timely manner and improves clinical outcomes. Conventional detection methods include blood culture followed by plate culture and polymerase chain reaction. These methods are time-consuming and require expensive equipment, hence, they are not suitable for point-of-care and clinical settings. There is an unmet need to develop a rapid and inexpensive detection method for fungal infections such as candidemia. We developed an innovative immuno-based microfluidic device that can rapidly detect and capture Candida albicans from phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and human whole blood. Our microchip technology showed an efficient capture of C. albicans in PBS with an efficiency of 61-78% at various concentrations ranging from 10 to 105 colony-forming units per milliliter (cfu/mL). The presented microfluidic technology will be useful to screen for various pathogens at the point-of-care and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Asghar
- Ashgar
Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
- Department
of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
- E-mail: (W.A.)
| | - Mazhar Sher
- Ashgar
Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
- Department
of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
| | - Nida S. Khan
- Division
of Infectious Disease, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jatin M. Vyas
- Division
of Infectious Disease, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Bio-Acoustic
MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for
Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
- E-mail: (U.D.)
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20
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Coarsey C, Coleman B, Kabir MA, Sher M, Asghar W. Development of a Flow-Free Magnetic Actuation Platform for an Automated Microfluidic ELISA. RSC Adv 2019; 9:8159-8168. [PMID: 31777654 PMCID: PMC6880949 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07607c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need to create an easily deployable and point-of-care (POC) diagnostic platform for disease outbreaks and for monitoring and maintenance of chronic illnesses. Such platforms are useful in regions where access to clinical laboratories may be limited or constrained using cost-effective solutions to quickly process high numbers of samples. Using oil and water liquid–liquid interphase separation, immunoassays developed for microfluidic chips can potentially meet this need when leveraged with electromagnetic actuation and antibody-coated superparamagnetic beads. We have developed a microfluidic immunoassay detection platform, which enables assay automation and maintains successful liquid containment for future use in the field. The assay was studied through a series of magnetic and fluid simulations to demonstrate these optimizations, and an optimized chip was tested using a target model for HIV-1, the p24 capsid antigen. The use of minimal reagents further lowers the cost of each assay and lowers the required sample volume for testing (<50 μL), that can offer easy turnaround for sample collection and assay results. The developed microfluidic immunoassay platform can be easily scaled for multiplex or multi-panel specific testing at the POC. A flow-free device is developed for automated and rapid ELISA testing at the point-of-care settings.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Coarsey
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology for Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431.,Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
| | - Benjamin Coleman
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology for Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431.,Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
| | - Md Alamgir Kabir
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology for Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431.,Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
| | - Mazhar Sher
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology for Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431.,Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology for Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431.,Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431.,Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
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21
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Herrada CA, Kabir MA, Altamirano R, Asghar W. Advances in Diagnostic Methods for Zika Virus Infection. J Med Device 2018; 12:0408021-4080211. [PMID: 30662580 DOI: 10.1115/1.4041086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) is one of the most infamous mosquito-borne flavivirus on recent memory due to its potential association with high mortality rates in fetuses, microcephaly and neurological impairments in neonates, and autoimmune disorders. The severity of the disease, as well as its fast spread over several continents, has urged the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare ZIKV a global health concern. In consequence, over the past couple of years, there has been a significant effort for the development of ZIKV diagnostic methods, vaccine development, and prevention strategies. This review focuses on the most recent aspects of ZIKV research which includes the outbreaks, genome structure, multiplication and propagation of the virus, and more importantly, the development of serological and molecular detection tools such as Zika IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Zika MAC-ELISA), plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), reverse transcription-loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensors, nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA), and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). Additionally, we discuss the limitations of currently available diagnostic methods, the potential of newly developed sensing technologies, and also provide insight into future areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Herrada
- Department of Computer Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
| | - Md Alamgir Kabir
- Department of Computer Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
| | - Rommel Altamirano
- Department of Computer Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Department of Computer Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
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22
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Molecular Fingerprints of Hemoglobin on a Nanofilm Chip. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18093016. [PMID: 30205614 PMCID: PMC6165033 DOI: 10.3390/s18093016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hemoglobin is an iron carrying protein in erythrocytes and also an essential element to transfer oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. Abnormalities in hemoglobin concentration are closely correlated with health status and many diseases, including thalassemia, anemia, leukemia, heart disease, and excessive loss of blood. Particularly in resource-constrained settings existing blood analyzers are not readily applicable due to the need for high-level instrumentation and skilled personnel, thereby inexpensive, easy-to-use, and reliable detection methods are needed. Herein, a molecular fingerprints of hemoglobin on a nanofilm chip was obtained for real-time, sensitive, and selective hemoglobin detection using a surface plasmon resonance system. Briefly, through the photopolymerization technique, a template (hemoglobin) was imprinted on a monomeric (acrylamide) nanofilm on-chip using a cross-linker (methylenebisacrylamide) and an initiator-activator pair (ammonium persulfate-tetramethylethylenediamine). The molecularly imprinted nanofilm on-chip was characterized by atomic force microscopy and ellipsometry, followed by benchmarking detection performance of hemoglobin concentrations from 0.0005 mg mL−1 to 1.0 mg mL−1. Theoretical calculations and real-time detection implied that the molecularly imprinted nanofilm on-chip was able to detect as little as 0.00035 mg mL−1 of hemoglobin. In addition, the experimental results of hemoglobin detection on the chip well-fitted with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model with high correlation coefficient (0.99) and association and dissociation coefficients (39.1 mL mg−1 and 0.03 mg mL−1) suggesting a monolayer binding characteristic. Assessments on selectivity, reusability and storage stability indicated that the presented chip is an alternative approach to current hemoglobin-targeted assays in low-resource regions, as well as antibody-based detection procedures in the field. In the future, this molecularly imprinted nanofilm on-chip can easily be integrated with portable plasmonic detectors, improving its access to these regions, as well as it can be tailored to detect other proteins and biomarkers.
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23
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Sharma S, Zhuang R, Long M, Pavlovic M, Kang Y, Ilyas A, Asghar W. Circulating tumor cell isolation, culture, and downstream molecular analysis. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1063-1078. [PMID: 29559380 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a major contributor of cancer metastases and hold a promising prognostic significance in cancer detection. Performing functional and molecular characterization of CTCs provides an in-depth knowledge about this lethal disease. Researchers are making efforts to design devices and develop assays for enumeration of CTCs with a high capture and detection efficiency from whole blood of cancer patients. The existing and on-going research on CTC isolation methods has revealed cell characteristics which are helpful in cancer monitoring and designing of targeted cancer treatments. In this review paper, a brief summary of existing CTC isolation methods is presented. We also discuss methods of detaching CTC from functionalized surfaces (functional assays/devices) and their further use for ex-vivo culturing that aid in studies regarding molecular properties that encourage metastatic seeding. In the clinical applications section, we discuss a number of cases that CTCs can play a key role for monitoring metastases, drug treatment response, and heterogeneity profiling regarding biomarkers and gene expression studies that bring treatment design further towards personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Sharma
- Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Rachel Zhuang
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Marisa Long
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Mirjana Pavlovic
- Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Yunqing Kang
- Department of Ocean & Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Azhar Ilyas
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
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24
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Rambarran T, Gonzaga F, Fatona A, Coulson M, Saem S, Moran-Mirabal J, Brook MA. Bonding and in-channel microfluidic functionalization using the huisgen cyclization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Talena Rambarran
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W; Hamilton Ontario Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Ferdinand Gonzaga
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W; Hamilton Ontario Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Ayodele Fatona
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W; Hamilton Ontario Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Michael Coulson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W; Hamilton Ontario Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Sokunthearath Saem
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W; Hamilton Ontario Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Jose Moran-Mirabal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W; Hamilton Ontario Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Michael A. Brook
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W; Hamilton Ontario Canada L8S 4M1
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25
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Yu S, Rubin M, Geevarughese S, Pino JS, Rodriguez HF, Asghar W. Emerging technologies for home-based semen analysis. Andrology 2017; 6:10-19. [PMID: 29194998 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
With about 70 million cases of infertility worldwide, half of which are caused by male factors, sperm analysis is critical to determine male fertility potential. Conventional semen analysis methods involve complex and manual inspection with a microscope, and these methods are labor intensive and can take several days. Due to unavailability of rapid, convenient, and user-friendly semen analysis tools, many men do not seek medical evaluation, especially in resource-constrained settings. Furthermore, as conventional methods have to be conducted in the laboratories, many men are unwilling to be tested as a result of social stigma in certain regions of the world. One solution can be found in at-home sperm analysis, which allows men to test their semen without the hassle of going to and paying for a clinic. Herein, we examine current at-home sperm analysis technologies and compare them to the traditional laboratory-based methods. In addition, we discuss emerging sperm analysis approaches and describe their limitations and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yu
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - M Rubin
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL, USA.,Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - S Geevarughese
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - J S Pino
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL, USA.,Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - H F Rodriguez
- Advanced Reproductive Technologies - LIFE Laboratories, Fertility& Genetics, Plantation, FL, USA
| | - W Asghar
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL, USA.,Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
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26
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Coarsey CT, Esiobu N, Narayanan R, Pavlovic M, Shafiee H, Asghar W. Strategies in Ebola virus disease (EVD) diagnostics at the point of care. Crit Rev Microbiol 2017; 43:779-798. [PMID: 28440096 PMCID: PMC5653233 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2017.1313814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a devastating, highly infectious illness with a high mortality rate. The disease is endemic to regions of Central and West Africa, where there is limited laboratory infrastructure and trained staff. The recent 2014 West African EVD outbreak has been unprecedented in case numbers and fatalities, and has proven that such regional outbreaks can become a potential threat to global public health, as it became the source for the subsequent transmission events in Spain and the USA. The urgent need for rapid and affordable means of detecting Ebola is crucial to control the spread of EVD and prevent devastating fatalities. Current diagnostic techniques include molecular diagnostics and other serological and antigen detection assays; which can be time-consuming, laboratory-based, often require trained personnel and specialized equipment. In this review, we discuss the various Ebola detection techniques currently in use, and highlight the potential future directions pertinent to the development and adoption of novel point-of-care diagnostic tools. Finally, a case is made for the need to develop novel microfluidic technologies and versatile rapid detection platforms for early detection of EVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad T. Coarsey
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
- Asghar-Lab: Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Nwadiuto Esiobu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Ramswamy Narayanan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Mirjana Pavlovic
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Hadi Shafiee
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
- Asghar-Lab: Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
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Inan H, Kingsley JL, Ozen MO, Tekin HC, Hoerner CR, Imae Y, Metzner TJ, Preiss JS, Durmus NG, Ozsoz M, Wakelee H, Fan AC, Tüzel E, Demirci U. Monitoring Neutropenia for Cancer Patients at the Point of Care. SMALL METHODS 2017; 1:1700193. [PMID: 30740513 PMCID: PMC6364993 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.201700193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils have a critical role in regulating the immune system. The immune system is compromised during chemotherapy, increasing infection risks and imposing a need for regular monitoring of neutrophil counts. Although commercial hematology analyzers are currently used in clinical practice for neutrophil counts, they are only available in clinics and hospitals, use large blood volumes, and are not available at the point of care (POC). Additionally, phlebotomy and blood processing require trained personnel, where patients are often admitted to hospitals when the infections are at late stage due to lack of frequent monitoring. Here, a reliable method is presented that selectively captures and quantifies white blood cells (WBCs) and neutrophils from a finger prick volume of whole blood by integrating microfluidics with high-resolution imaging algorithms. The platform is compact, portable, and easy to use. It captures and quantifies WBCs and neutrophils with high efficiency (>95%) and specificity (>95%) with an overall 4.2% bias compared to standard testing. The results from a small cohort of patients (N = 11 healthy, N = 5 lung and kidney cancer) present a unique disposable cell counter, demonstrating the ability of this tool to monitor neutrophil and WBC counts within clinical or in resource-constrained environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Inan
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - James L Kingsley
- Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609-2280, USA
| | - Mehmet O Ozen
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Huseyin Cumhur Tekin
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35100 Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Christian R Hoerner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yoriko Imae
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mehmet Ozsoz
- Independent Scholar, 35100, 6500/1 Sokak, No:8F, Karsiyaka/Izmir, Turkey
| | - Heather Wakelee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alice C Fan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Erkan Tüzel
- Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609-2280, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine
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Kanakasabapathy MK, Pandya HJ, Draz MS, Chug MK, Sadasivam M, Kumar S, Etemad B, Yogesh V, Safavieh M, Asghar W, Li JZ, Tsibris AM, Kuritzkes DR, Shafiee H. Rapid, label-free CD4 testing using a smartphone compatible device. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:2910-2919. [PMID: 28702612 PMCID: PMC5576172 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00273d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The most recent guidelines have called for a significant shift towards viral load testing for HIV/AIDS management in developing countries; however point-of-care (POC) CD4 testing still remains an important component of disease staging in multiple developing countries. Advancements in micro/nanotechnologies and consumer electronics have paved the way for mobile healthcare technologies and the development of POC smartphone-based diagnostic assays for disease detection and treatment monitoring. Here, we report a simple, rapid (30 minutes) smartphone-based microfluidic chip for automated CD4 testing using a small volume (30 μL) of whole blood. The smartphone-based device includes an inexpensive (<$5) cell phone accessory and a functionalized disposable microfluidic device. We evaluated the performance of the device using spiked PBS samples and HIV-infected and uninfected whole blood, and compared the microfluidic chip results with the manual analysis and flow cytometry results. Through t-tests, Bland-Altman analyses, and regression tests, we have shown a good agreement between the smartphone-based test and the manual and FACS analysis for CD4 count. The presented technology could have a significant impact on HIV management in developing countries through providing a reliable and inexpensive POC CD4 testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Kanakasabapathy
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA.
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29
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Safavieh M, Coarsey C, Esiobu N, Memic A, Vyas JM, Shafiee H, Asghar W. Advances in Candida detection platforms for clinical and point-of-care applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 37:441-458. [PMID: 27093473 PMCID: PMC5083221 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2016.1167667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Invasive candidiasis remains one of the most serious community and healthcare-acquired infections worldwide. Conventional Candida detection methods based on blood and plate culture are time-consuming and require at least 2-4 days to identify various Candida species. Despite considerable advances for candidiasis detection, the development of simple, compact and portable point-of-care diagnostics for rapid and precise testing that automatically performs cell lysis, nucleic acid extraction, purification and detection still remains a challenge. Here, we systematically review most prominent conventional and nonconventional techniques for the detection of various Candida species, including Candida staining, blood culture, serological testing and nucleic acid-based analysis. We also discuss the most advanced lab on a chip devices for candida detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadali Safavieh
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Renal medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chad Coarsey
- Department of Computer Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
- College of Engineering and Computer Science, Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnologies for Medicine, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Nwadiuto Esiobu
- Biological Sciences Department, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Adnan Memic
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jatin Mahesh Vyas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hadi Shafiee
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Renal medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Department of Computer Engineering and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
- College of Engineering and Computer Science, Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnologies for Medicine, Boca Raton, FL, USA
- Biological Sciences Department, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, FL, USA
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30
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Sher M, Zhuang R, Demirci U, Asghar W. Paper-based analytical devices for clinical diagnosis: recent advances in the fabrication techniques and sensing mechanisms. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2017; 17:351-366. [PMID: 28103450 PMCID: PMC5529145 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2017.1285228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a significant interest in developing inexpensive portable biosensing platforms for various applications including disease diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food safety, and water testing at the point-of-care (POC) settings. Current diagnostic assays available in the developed world require sophisticated laboratory infrastructure and expensive reagents. Hence, they are not suitable for resource-constrained settings with limited financial resources, basic health infrastructure, and few trained technicians. Cellulose and flexible transparency paper-based analytical devices have demonstrated enormous potential for developing robust, inexpensive and portable devices for disease diagnostics. These devices offer promising solutions to disease management in resource-constrained settings where the vast majority of the population cannot afford expensive and highly sophisticated treatment options. Areas covered: In this review, the authors describe currently developed cellulose and flexible transparency paper-based microfluidic devices, device fabrication techniques, and sensing technologies that are integrated with these devices. The authors also discuss the limitations and challenges associated with these devices and their potential in clinical settings. Expert commentary: In recent years, cellulose and flexible transparency paper-based microfluidic devices have demonstrated the potential to become future healthcare options despite a few limitations such as low sensitivity and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazhar Sher
- Computer Engineering & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Lab, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology for Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Rachel Zhuang
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology for Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- The Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering (by courtesy), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Computer Engineering & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Lab, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology for Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
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31
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Zhang H, Qiu X, Zou Y, Ye Y, Qi C, Zou L, Yang X, Yang K, Zhu Y, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Luo Y. A dye-assisted paper-based point-of-care assay for fast and reliable blood grouping. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:9/381/eaaf9209. [PMID: 28298422 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf9209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Center for Nanomedicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaopei Qiu
- Center for Nanomedicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yurui Zou
- Center for Nanomedicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanyao Ye
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Qi
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingyun Zou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zhu
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongjun Yang
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Center for Nanomedicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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32
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Inan H, Poyraz M, Inci F, Lifson MA, Baday M, Cunningham BT, Demirci U. Photonic crystals: emerging biosensors and their promise for point-of-care applications. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:366-388. [PMID: 27841420 PMCID: PMC5529146 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00206d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors are extensively employed for diagnosing a broad array of diseases and disorders in clinical settings worldwide. The implementation of biosensors at the point-of-care (POC), such as at primary clinics or the bedside, faces impediments because they may require highly trained personnel, have long assay times, large sizes, and high instrumental cost. Thus, there exists a need to develop inexpensive, reliable, user-friendly, and compact biosensing systems at the POC. Biosensors incorporated with photonic crystal (PC) structures hold promise to address many of the aforementioned challenges facing the development of new POC diagnostics. Currently, PC-based biosensors have been employed for detecting a variety of biotargets, such as cells, pathogens, proteins, antibodies, and nucleic acids, with high efficiency and selectivity. In this review, we provide a broad overview of PCs by explaining their structures, fabrication techniques, and sensing principles. Furthermore, we discuss recent applications of PC-based biosensors incorporated with emerging technologies, including telemedicine, flexible and wearable sensing, smart materials and metamaterials. Finally, we discuss current challenges associated with existing biosensors, and provide an outlook for PC-based biosensors and their promise at the POC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Inan
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Muhammet Poyraz
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fatih Inci
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Mark A Lifson
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Murat Baday
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Brian T Cunningham
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. and Department of Electrical Engineering (by courtesy), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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33
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Wang S, Elliott GD. Synergistic Development of Biochips and Cell Preservation Methodologies: A Tale of Converging Technologies. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2017; 3:45-53. [PMID: 28966905 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-017-0074-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Over the past several decades, cryopreservation has been widely used to preserve cells during long term storage, but advances in stem cell therapies, regenerative medicine, and miniaturized cell-based diagnostics and sensors are providing new targets of opportunity for advancing preservation methodologies. The advent of microfluidics-based devices is an interesting case in which the technology has been used to improve preservation processing, but as the devices have evolved to also include cells, tissues, and simulated organs as part of the architecture, the biochip itself is a desirable target for preservation. In this review, we will focus on the synergistic co-development of preservation methods and biochip technologies, while identifying where the challenges and opportunities lie in developing methods to place on-chip biologics on the shelf, ready for use. RECENT FINDINGS Emerging studies are demonstrating that the cost of some biochips have been reduced to the extent that they will have high utility in point-of-care settings, especially in low resource environments where diagnostic capabilities are limited. Ice-free low temperature vitrification and anhydrous vitrification technologies will likely emerge as the preferred strategy for long-term preservation of bio-chips. SUMMARY The development of preservation methodologies for partially or fully assembled biochips would enable the widespread distribution of these technologies and enhance their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangping Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223
| | - Gloria D Elliott
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223
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34
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Catani JPP, Riechelmann RP, Adjemian S, Strauss BE. Near future of tumor immunology: Anticipating resistance mechanisms to immunotherapies, a big challenge for clinical trials. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:1109-1111. [PMID: 28059608 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1269046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of immunotherapies brings hope for the future of cancer treatment. Even so, we are faced with a new challenge, that of understanding which patients will respond initially and, possibly, develop resistance. The examination of the immune profile, especially approaches related to the immunoscore, may foretell which tumors will have a positive initial response. Ideally, the mutation load would also be analyzed, helping to reveal tumor associated antigens that are predictive of an effective cytolytic attack. However, the response may be hindered by changes induced in the tumor and its microenvironment during treatment, perhaps stemming from the therapy itself. To monitor such alterations, we suggest that minimally invasive approaches should be explored, such as the analysis of circulating tumor DNA. When testing new drugs, the data collected from each patient would initially represent an N of 1 clinical trial that could then be deposited in large databases and mined retrospectively for trends and correlations between genetic alterations and response to therapy. We expect that the investment in personalized approaches that couple molecular analysis during clinical trials will yield critical data that, in the future, may be used to predict the outcome of novel immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Portela Catani
- a Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology , Cancer Institute of Sao Paulo/LIM 24, University of São Paulo School of Medicine , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Rachel P Riechelmann
- b Cancer Institute of Sao Paulo , University of São Paulo School of Medicine , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Sandy Adjemian
- c Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Departament of Immunology , Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Bryan E Strauss
- a Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology , Cancer Institute of Sao Paulo/LIM 24, University of São Paulo School of Medicine , São Paulo , Brazil
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