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Zhang T, He Y, Hu S, Ge J, Chen T, Shan H, Ji T, Yu D, Liu Q. Facile Preparation of Polyacrylonitrile-Based Activated Carbon Fiber Felts for Effective Adsorption of Dipropyl Sulfide. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:252. [PMID: 38257052 PMCID: PMC10820270 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Activated carbon fibers (ACFs) derived from various polymeric fibers with the characteristics of a high specific surface area, developed pore structure, and good flexibility are promising for the new generation of chemical protection clothing. In this paper, a polyacrylonitrile-based ACF felt was prepared via the process of liquid phase pre-oxidation, along with a one-step carbonization and chemical activation method. The obtained ACF felt exhibited a large specific surface area of 2219.48 m2/g and pore volume of 1.168 cm3/g, as well as abundant polar groups on the surface. Owing to the developed pore structure and elaborated surface chemical property, the ACF felt possessed an intriguing adsorption performance for a chemical warfare agent simulant dipropyl sulfide (DPS), with the highest adsorption capacity being 202.38 mg/g. The effects of the initial concentration of DPS and temperature on the adsorption performance of ACF felt were investigated. Meanwhile, a plausible adsorption mechanism was proposed based on the kinetic analysis and fitting of different adsorption isotherm models. The results demonstrated that the adsorption process of DPS onto ACF felt could be well fitted with a pseudo-second-order equation, indicating a synergistic effect of chemical adsorption and physical adsorption. We anticipate that this work could be helpful to the design and development of advanced ACF felts for the application of breathable chemical protection clothing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Zhang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technical Fiber Composites for Safety and Protection, School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (H.S.); (T.J.)
| | - Yafang He
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technical Fiber Composites for Safety and Protection, School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (H.S.); (T.J.)
| | - Shiqi Hu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technical Fiber Composites for Safety and Protection, School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (H.S.); (T.J.)
| | - Jianlong Ge
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technical Fiber Composites for Safety and Protection, School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (H.S.); (T.J.)
| | - Tianye Chen
- Jiangsu Sutong Carbon Fiber Co., Ltd., Nantong 226005, China
| | - Haoru Shan
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technical Fiber Composites for Safety and Protection, School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (H.S.); (T.J.)
| | - Tao Ji
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technical Fiber Composites for Safety and Protection, School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (H.S.); (T.J.)
| | - Decheng Yu
- Jiangsu Sutong Carbon Fiber Co., Ltd., Nantong 226005, China
| | - Qixia Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technical Fiber Composites for Safety and Protection, School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (H.S.); (T.J.)
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2
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Shi P, Zhu Y, Xu H, Yan C, Liu D, Yue L, Chen G. Insights into the carbonization mechanism of PAN-derived carbon precursor fibers and establishment of a kinetics-driven accelerated reaction template for atomistic simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:13946-13965. [PMID: 37190774 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05196f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the chemistry behind the carbonization process of the polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based precursor fibers and provide a more authentic virtual counterpart of the process-inherited model for process optimization and rational performance design, we develop arrow-pushing reaction routes for primary exhaust gas product (H2O/H2/HCN/N2/tar vapor) formation and a pragmatic kinetics-driven accelerated reaction template for atomistic simulation of the carbonization process overcoming traditional challenges in time scale discrepancy of the reaction-diffusion system. The results of enthalpy barriers from hybrid first principles calculations validate the rationality and sequence of conjectured reactions during the two-stage carbonization process. Conversion rates of the rate-determining steps under 300 s carbonization are also estimated based on Eyring's transition state theory realizing kinetics equivalency of the reaction extent. Process-control measurements are further demonstrated corresponding to the proposed mechanism. The iterative densified crosslinking scheme specially designed for the surface layer is implanted into the topological reaction molecular dynamics template and a series of highly devisable structural models during the whole evolutionary process from the pre-oxidized fiber to the pristine carbon fiber surface are successfully predicted. The ultimate structure of the model presents excellent similarity in carbon yield and elemental composition with the type II high strength carbon fiber surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingdan Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haibing Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
| | - Chun Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
| | - Dong Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
| | - Lingyu Yue
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
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3
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Zahra H, Selinger J, Sawada D, Ogawa Y, Orelma H, Ma Y, Kumagai S, Yoshioka T, Hummel M. Evaluation of Keratin-Cellulose Blend Fibers as Precursors for Carbon Fibers. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2022; 10:8314-8325. [PMID: 35847521 PMCID: PMC9275789 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
One main challenge to utilize cellulose-based fibers as the precursor for carbon fibers is their inherently low carbon yield. This study aims to evaluate the use of keratin in chicken feathers, a byproduct of the poultry industry generated in large quantities, as a natural charring agent to improve the yield of cellulose-derived carbon fibers. Keratin-cellulose composite fibers are prepared through direct dissolution of the pulp and feather keratin in the ionic liquid 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate ([DBNH]OAc) and subsequent dry jet wet spinning (so-called Ioncell process). Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that there is an increase in the carbon yield by ∼53 wt % with 30 wt % keratin incorporation. This increase is comparable to the one observed for lignin-cellulose composite fibers, in which lignin acts as a carbon booster due to its higher carbon content. Keratin, however, reduces the mechanical properties of cellulose precursor fibers to a lesser extent than lignin. Keratin introduces nitrogen and induces the formation of pores in the precursor fibers and the resulting carbon fibers. Carbon materials derived from the keratin-cellulose composite fiber show potential for applications where nitrogen doping and pores or voids in the carbon are desirable, for example, for low-cost bio-based carbons for energy harvest or storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Zahra
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Julian Selinger
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
- Institute
of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz
University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Daisuke Sawada
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Yu Ogawa
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Hannes Orelma
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Biomaterial Processing and Products, Tietotie 4E, 02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Yibo Ma
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Shogo Kumagai
- Graduate
School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku
University, 6-6-07 Aoba,
Aramaki-aza, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan
- Division
for the Establishment of Frontier Sciences of Organization for Advanced
Studies, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Yoshioka
- Graduate
School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku
University, 6-6-07 Aoba,
Aramaki-aza, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan
| | - Michael Hummel
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
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4
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Atmospheric Pressure Plasma-Jet Treatment of PAN-Nonwovens—Carbonization of Nanofiber Electrodes. Mol Vis 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/c8030033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanofibers are produced from dielectric polymer precursors such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN). Carbonized nanofiber nonwovens show high surface area and good electrical conductivity, rendering these fiber materials interesting for application as electrodes in batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors. However, thermal processing is slow and costly, which is why new processing techniques have been explored for carbon fiber tows. Alternatives for the conversion of PAN-precursors into carbon fiber nonwovens are scarce. Here, we utilize an atmospheric pressure plasma jet to conduct carbonization of stabilized PAN nanofiber nonwovens. We explore the influence of various processing parameters on the conductivity and degree of carbonization of the converted nanofiber material. The precursor fibers are converted by plasma-jet treatment to carbon fiber nonwovens within seconds, by which they develop a rough surface making subsequent surface activation processes obsolete. The resulting carbon nanofiber nonwovens are applied as supercapacitor electrodes and examined by cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. Nonwovens that are carbonized within 60 s show capacitances of up to 5 F g−1.
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Soltani S, Khanian N, Roodbar Shojaei T, Shean Yaw Choong T, Asim N. Fundamental and recent progress on the strengthening strategies for fabrication of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-derived electrospun CNFs: Precursors, spinning and collection, and post-treatments. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile/Lignin/Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Based Porous Activated Carbon Nanofiber for Removal of Nickel(II) Ion from Aqueous Solution. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203590. [PMID: 34685349 PMCID: PMC8537280 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The issue of heavy metal contamination has caused a great deal of concern among water quality experts today, as it contributes to water pollution. Activated carbon nanofibers (ACNFs) showed a significant ability in removing heavy metals from the wastewater. In this study, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was blended and electrospun with an abundant and inexpensive biopolymer, lignin and a water soluble polymer, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), by using an electrospinning technique to form nanofibers. The electrospun nanofibers were then investigated as a precursor for the production of porous ACNFs to study the removal of nickel(II) ions by adsorption technique. PEG was added to act as a porogen and to create the porous structure of carbon nanofibers (CNFs). CNFs were prepared by thermal treatment of the electrospun nanofibers and followed by activation of CNFs by thermal and acid treatment on CNFs. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) spectral analysis of the ACNFs showed a strong absorption peak of the C-O functional group, indicating the increase in the oxygenated compound. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images concluded that the ACNFs have more porous and compact fibers with a smaller fiber diameter of 263 ± 11 nm, while the CNFs are less compact and have slightly larger fiber diameter of 323 ± 6 nm. The adsorption study showed that the ACNFs possessed a much higher adsorption capacity of 18.09 mg/g compared with the CNFs, which the amount adsorbed was achieved only at 2.7 mg/g. The optimum adsorption conditions that gave the highest percentage of 60% for nickel(II) ions removal were 50 mg of adsorbent dosage, 100 ppm of nickel(II) solution, pH 3, and a contact time of 60 min. The study demonstrated that the fabrication of ACNFs from PAN/lignin/PEG electrospun nanofibers have potential as adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal contaminants.
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7
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Erben J, Heußner A, Thiele S, Kerzenmacher S. Activation of electrospun carbon fibers: the effect of fiber diameter on CO2 and steam reaction kinetics. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02386-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFirst, we present a fabrication process for electrospun carbon fiber mats with mean fiber diameters between 108 nm and 623 nm. The carbon fiber mats were produced by electrospinning of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solutions and subsequent carbonization. The fiber mats feature small variations of their properties that are required for parameter studies. Second, we investigate the kinetics of steam and CO2 activation with three different activation temperatures and times. Both activation methods result in a surface area increase depending on activation temperature and time. Detailed analysis of the macroscopic properties burn-off, surface area, and conductivity reveals insights into the microscopic activation kinetics. The different fiber diameters of the carbon fiber mats enable the distinction of surface driven and bulk processes. Our results indicate, that CO2 activation kinetics are mass transport controlled, and that steam activation kinetics are reaction rate controlled. The turbostratic nature of PAN derived carbon and the distinct characteristics of the activation agents could explain the nonlinear behavior of the burn-off and surface area development.
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8
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Ghorpade RV, Lee S, Hong SC. Effect of different itaconic acid contents of poly(acrylonitrile-co-itaconic acid)s on their carbonization behaviors at elevated temperatures. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Iron and silicon oxide doped/PAN-based carbon nanofibers as free-standing anode material for Li-ion batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 569:164-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Zhu J, Gao Z, Kowalik M, Joshi K, Ashraf CM, Arefev MI, Schwab Y, Bumgardner C, Brown K, Burden DE, Zhang L, Klett JW, Zhigilei LV, van Duin ACT, Li X. Unveiling Carbon Ring Structure Formation Mechanisms in Polyacrylonitrile-Derived Carbon Fibers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:42288-42297. [PMID: 31657889 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As the demand for electric vehicles (EVs) and autonomous vehicles (AVs) rapidly grows, lower-cost, lighter, and stronger carbon fibers (CFs) are urgently needed to respond to consumers' call for greater EV traveling range and stronger safety structures for AVs. Converting polymeric precursors to CFs requires a complex set of thermochemical processes; a systematic understanding of each parameter in fiber conversion is still, to a large extent, lacking. Here, we demonstrate the effect of carbonization temperature on carbon ring structure formation by combining atomistic/microscale simulations and experimental validation. Experimental testing, as predicted by simulations, exhibited that the strength and ductility of PAN CFs decreased, whereas the Young's modulus increased with increasing carbonization temperature. Our simulations unveiled that high carbonization temperature accelerated the kinetics of graphitic phase nucleation and growth, leading to the decrease in strength and ductility but increase in modulus. The methodology presented herein using combined atomistic/microscale simulations and experimental validation lays a firm foundation for further innovation in CF manufacturing and low-cost alternative precursor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadeng Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of Virginia , 122 Engineer's Way , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
| | - Zan Gao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of Virginia , 122 Engineer's Way , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
| | - Malgorzata Kowalik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Kaushik Joshi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Virginia , 395 McCormick Road , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
| | - Chowdhury M Ashraf
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Mikhail I Arefev
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Virginia , 395 McCormick Road , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
| | - Yosyp Schwab
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of Virginia , 122 Engineer's Way , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
| | - Clifton Bumgardner
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of Virginia , 122 Engineer's Way , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
| | - Kenneth Brown
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of Virginia , 122 Engineer's Way , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
| | - Diana Elizabeth Burden
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of Virginia , 122 Engineer's Way , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of Virginia , 122 Engineer's Way , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
| | - James W Klett
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | - Leonid V Zhigilei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Virginia , 395 McCormick Road , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
| | - Adri C T van Duin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of Virginia , 122 Engineer's Way , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
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11
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Manciu FS, Oh Y, Barath A, Rusheen AE, Kouzani AZ, Hodges D, Guerrero J, Tomshine J, Lee KH, Bennet KE. Analysis of Carbon-Based Microelectrodes for Neurochemical Sensing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E3186. [PMID: 31569398 PMCID: PMC6804097 DOI: 10.3390/ma12193186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The comprehensive microscopic, spectroscopic, and in vitro voltammetric analysis presented in this work, which builds on the well-studied properties of carbon-based materials, facilitates potential ways for improvement of carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMs) for neuroscience applications. Investigations by both, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal Raman spectroscopy, confirm a higher degree of structural ordering for the fibers exposed to carbonization temperatures. An evident correlation is also identified between the extent of structural defects observed from SEM and Raman results with the CFM electrochemical performance for dopamine detection. To improve CFM physico-chemical surface stability and increase its mechanical resistance to the induced compressive stress during anticipated in vivo tissue penetration, successful coating of the carbon fiber with boron-doped diamond (BDD) is also performed and microspectroscopically analyzed here. The absence of spectral shifts of the diamond Raman vibrational signature verifies that the growth of an unstrained BDD thin film was achieved. Although more work needs to be done to identify optimal parameter values for improved BDD deposition, this study serves as a demonstration of foundational technology for the development of more sensitive electrochemical sensors, that may have been impractical previously for clinical applications, due to limitations in either safety or performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia S Manciu
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | - Yoonbae Oh
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Abhijeet Barath
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Aaron E Rusheen
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Abbas Z Kouzani
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia.
| | - Deidra Hodges
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | - Jose Guerrero
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | | | - Kendall H Lee
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Kevin E Bennet
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Division of Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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12
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Hao W, Zhang X, Tian Y. Thermal, Mechanical, and Microstructural Study of PBO Fiber during Carbonization. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12040608. [PMID: 30781620 PMCID: PMC6416797 DOI: 10.3390/ma12040608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fiber shows fascinating properties including excellent mechanical performance, high crystallinity, and fairly good heat resistance as a kind of polymer fiber. Its properties make it a possible candidate as a precursor of carbon fiber. This paper mainly investigates the possibility of yielding carbon fiber from PBO by direct carbonization using a continuous process and multiple properties of yielded fiber treated under different heat treatment temperature (HTT). The results show that PBO fiber was able to sustain an HTT as high as 1400 °C under the inert atmosphere and that the shape of fiber was still preserved without failure. Using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and TGA coupled with mass spectroscopy (TGA-MS), it was found that a significant mass loss procedure happened around 723.3 °C, along with the emission of various small molecules. The mechanical performance first suffered a decrease due to the rupture of the PBO structure and then slightly increased because of the generating of graphite crystallite based on the broken structure of PBO. It was observed that PBO’s microstructure transformed gradually to that of carbonaceous material, which could be the reason why the change of mechanical performance happened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhe Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yanhong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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13
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Jasso-Ramos LE, Ojeda-Hernández A, Guerrero-Bermea C, García-Gómez NA, Manríquez J, Sepúlveda-Guzmán S, Cruz-Silva R. Simultaneous intercalated assembly of mesostructured hybrid carbon nanofiber/reduced graphene oxide and its use in electrochemical sensing. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:025601. [PMID: 30387444 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aae879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Polyacrylonitrile nonwovens intercalated with graphene oxide (GO) sheets were prepared by a simultaneous electrospinning-spray deposition system. These hybrid nonwovens were carbonized in a two-stage process to obtain a mesostructured hybrid carbon containing carbon nanofibers (CNF) and reduced GO sheets (CNF/RGO). During the carbonization process, the CNF act as spacers between the RGO layers to prevent their compactation and restacking resulting in a three-dimensional structure. The presence of RGO increases the electrical conductivity in the CNF/RGO material. The resulting hybrid carbon is nitrogen-doped as indicated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. This N-doped porous carbon was used to prepare electrodes with improved sensitivity for the electrochemical detection of L-cysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Jasso-Ramos
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, FIME, Ave. Pedro de Alba s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Mexico
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14
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Schierholz R, Kröger D, Weinrich H, Gehring M, Tempel H, Kungl H, Mayer J, Eichel RA. The carbonization of polyacrylonitrile-derived electrospun carbon nanofibers studied by in situ transmission electron microscopy. RSC Adv 2019; 9:6267-6277. [PMID: 35517276 PMCID: PMC9060947 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10491c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The carbonization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers is observed in situ up to 1000 °C by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schierholz
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research
- Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9)
- Germany
| | - Daniel Kröger
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research
- Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9)
- Germany
| | - Henning Weinrich
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research
- Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9)
- Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
| | - Markus Gehring
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research
- Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9)
- Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
| | - Hermann Tempel
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research
- Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9)
- Germany
| | - Hans Kungl
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research
- Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9)
- Germany
| | - Joachim Mayer
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance: JARA-Energy
- Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- Ernst Ruska-Centre (ER-C) for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons
- Germany
| | - Rüdiger-A. Eichel
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research
- Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9)
- Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
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15
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Fredi G, Jeschke S, Boulaoued A, Wallenstein J, Rashidi M, Liu F, Harnden R, Zenkert D, Hagberg J, Lindbergh G, Johansson P, Stievano L, Asp LE. Graphitic microstructure and performance of carbon fibre Li-ion structural battery electrodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2399-7532/aab707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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16
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Investigation into the Gelation of Polyacrylonitrile Solution Induced by Dry-jet in Spinning Process and Its Effects on Diffusional Process in Coagulation and Structural Properties of Carbon Fibers. Macromol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-018-6070-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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17
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Vetrik M, Parizek M, Hadraba D, Kukackova O, Brus J, Hlidkova H, Komankova L, Hodan J, Sedlacek O, Slouf M, Bacakova L, Hruby M. Porous Heat-Treated Polyacrylonitrile Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:8496-8506. [PMID: 29437373 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Heat-treated polyacrylonitrile (HT-PAN), also referred to as black orlon (BO), is a promising carbon-based material used for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. To the best of our knowledge, no such complex bone morphology-mimicking three-dimensional (3D) BO structure has been reported to date. We report that BO can be easily made into 3D cryogel scaffolds with porous structures, using succinonitrile as a porogen. The cryogels possess a porous morphology, similar to bone tissue. The prepared scaffolds showed strong osteoconductive activity, providing excellent support for the adhesion, proliferation, and mitochondrial activity of human bone-derived cells. This effect was more apparent in scaffolds prepared from a matrix with a higher content of PAN (i.e., 10% rather than 5%). The scaffolds with 10% of PAN also showed enhanced mechanical properties, as revealed by higher compressive modulus and higher compressive strength. Therefore, these scaffolds have a robust potential for use in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Vetrik
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovsky Sq. 2 , 162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Parizek
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Videnska 1083 , 14220 Prague 4 , Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Hadraba
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Videnska 1083 , 14220 Prague 4 , Czech Republic
| | - Olivia Kukackova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovsky Sq. 2 , 162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Brus
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovsky Sq. 2 , 162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Helena Hlidkova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovsky Sq. 2 , 162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Komankova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovsky Sq. 2 , 162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Hodan
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovsky Sq. 2 , 162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Sedlacek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovsky Sq. 2 , 162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Slouf
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovsky Sq. 2 , 162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bacakova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Videnska 1083 , 14220 Prague 4 , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hruby
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovsky Sq. 2 , 162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
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18
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Salim NV, Blight S, Creighton C, Nunna S, Atkiss S, Razal JM. The Role of Tension and Temperature for Efficient Carbonization of Polyacrylonitrile Fibers: Toward Low Cost Carbon Fibers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b05336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisa V. Salim
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia 3216
| | - Simon Blight
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia 3216
| | - Claudia Creighton
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia 3216
| | - Srinivas Nunna
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia 3216
| | - Stephen Atkiss
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia 3216
| | - Joselito M. Razal
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia 3216
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19
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Cho SY, Yun YS, Jang D, Jeon JW, Kim BH, Lee S, Jin HJ. Ultra strong pyroprotein fibres with long-range ordering. Nat Commun 2017; 8:74. [PMID: 28706182 PMCID: PMC5509745 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Silks are protein-based natural structured materials with an unusual combination of high strength and elongation. Their unique microstructural features composed of hard β-sheet crystals aligned within a soft amorphous region lead to the robust properties of silks. Herein we report a large enhancement in the intrinsic properties of silk through the transformation of the basic building blocks into a poly-hexagonal carbon structure by a simple heat treatment with axial stretching. The carbon clusters originating from the β-sheet retain the preferred orientation along the fibre axis, resulting in a long-range-ordered graphitic structure by increasing heat-treatment temperatures and leading improvements in mechanical properties with a maximum strength and modulus up to ∼2.6 and ∼470 GPa, respectively, almost four and thirty times surpassing those of raw silk. Moreover, the formation of sp 2 carbon configurations induce a significant change in the electrical properties (e.g. an electrical conductivity up to 4.37 × 103 S cm-1).The mechanical properties of silk are determined by tight stacks of sheet-like peptide crystals distributed in amorphous regions. Here, the authors heat and stretch silk fibres to align these crystal into a long range ordered carbon structure and dramatically enhance the silk strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Youn Cho
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Korea
| | - Young Soo Yun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, 245-711, Korea
| | - Dawon Jang
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55324, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Material Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Woo Jeon
- Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon, 406-772, South Korea
| | - Byung Hoon Kim
- Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon, 406-772, South Korea
| | - Sungho Lee
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55324, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Material Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Joon Jin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Korea.
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