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Study on the mechanism of anti-hepatic fibrosis of Glycyrrhiza Uralensis-Salvia miltiorrhiza prescription based on serum and urine metabolomics and network pharmacology. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1209:123416. [PMID: 36027704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is a kind of chronic epidemic liver disease. Glycyrrhiza Uralensis and Salvia Miltiorrhiza (GUSM), traditional Chinese medicine, has the obvious clinical treatment of liver fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of GUSM against HF by an integrated strategy combining untargeted metabolomics with network pharmacology. The results showed that GUSM prescription can improve the morphology and structure of liver tissue, inhibit the proliferation of collagen fibers and reducing the inflammatory response of the liver and so on. Endogenous metabolites and HF-related potential biomarkers in serum and urine were detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS). The metabolic pathways were enriched by MetaboAnalyst. GUSM prescription showed an antifibrotic effect on rats by regulating metabolic pathways, mainly pentose and glucuronate interconversions and arachidonic acid metabolism. Network pharmacology was then applied to find 42 overlapping targets of GUSM-HF. Quercetin was found to be the main active component and STAT3 was the main active target in GUSM prescription. Molecular docking showed high affinities between quercetin and STAT3. Therefore, GUSM has protective effects on HF by regulating the metabolism and different signaling pathways. The work also shows that the metabolomic and network pharmacology methods are promising tools to gain insight into the efficacy and mechanism research of traditional Chinese medicines.
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Dat NQ, Thuy LTT, Hieu VN, Hai H, Hoang DV, Thi Thanh Hai N, Thuy TTV, Komiya T, Rombouts K, Dong MP, Hanh NV, Hoang TH, Sato‐Matsubara M, Daikoku A, Kadono C, Oikawa D, Yoshizato K, Tokunaga F, Pinzani M, Kawada N. Hexa Histidine-Tagged Recombinant Human Cytoglobin Deactivates Hepatic Stellate Cells and Inhibits Liver Fibrosis by Scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species. Hepatology 2021; 73:2527-2545. [PMID: 33576020 PMCID: PMC8251927 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Antifibrotic therapy remains an unmet medical need in human chronic liver disease. We report the antifibrotic properties of cytoglobin (CYGB), a respiratory protein expressed in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the main cell type involved in liver fibrosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Cygb-deficient mice that had bile duct ligation-induced liver cholestasis or choline-deficient amino acid-defined diet-induced steatohepatitis significantly exacerbated liver damage, fibrosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. All of these manifestations were attenuated in Cygb-overexpressing mice. We produced hexa histidine-tagged recombinant human CYGB (His-CYGB), traced its biodistribution, and assessed its function in HSCs or in mice with advanced liver cirrhosis using thioacetamide (TAA) or 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC). In cultured HSCs, extracellular His-CYGB was endocytosed and accumulated in endosomes through a clathrin-mediated pathway. His-CYGB significantly impeded ROS formation spontaneously or in the presence of ROS inducers in HSCs, thus leading to the attenuation of collagen type 1 alpha 1 production and α-smooth muscle actin expression. Replacement the iron center of the heme group with cobalt nullified the effect of His-CYGB. In addition, His-CYGB induced interferon-β secretion by HSCs that partly contributed to its antifibrotic function. Momelotinib incompletely reversed the effect of His-CYGB. Intravenously injected His-CYGB markedly suppressed liver inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative cell damage in mice administered TAA or DDC mice without adverse effects. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed the down-regulation of inflammation- and fibrosis-related genes and the up-regulation of antioxidant genes in both cell culture and liver tissues. The injected His-CYGB predominantly localized to HSCs but not to macrophages, suggesting specific targeting effects. His-CYGB exhibited no toxicity in chimeric mice with humanized livers. CONCLUSIONS His-CYGB could have antifibrotic clinical applications for human chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninh Quoc Dat
- Department of HepatologyGraduate School of MedicineOsaka City UniversityOsakaJapan,Department of PediatricsHanoi Medical UniversityHanoiVietnam
| | - Le Thi Thanh Thuy
- Department of HepatologyGraduate School of MedicineOsaka City UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Vu Ngoc Hieu
- Department of HepatologyGraduate School of MedicineOsaka City UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Hoang Hai
- Department of HepatologyGraduate School of MedicineOsaka City UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Dinh Viet Hoang
- Department of HepatologyGraduate School of MedicineOsaka City UniversityOsakaJapan
| | | | - Tuong Thi Van Thuy
- Biological Resources Vinmec Tissue BankVinmec Healthcare SystemHanoiVietnam
| | - Tohru Komiya
- Department of BiologyFaculty of ScienceOsaka City UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Krista Rombouts
- Regenerative Medicine and Fibrosis GroupInstitute for Liver and Digestive HealthUniversity College LondonRoyal Free HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Minh Phuong Dong
- Department of HepatologyGraduate School of MedicineOsaka City UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Ngo Vinh Hanh
- Department of HepatologyGraduate School of MedicineOsaka City UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Truong Huu Hoang
- Department of HepatologyGraduate School of MedicineOsaka City UniversityOsakaJapan
| | | | - Atsuko Daikoku
- Department of HepatologyGraduate School of MedicineOsaka City UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Chiho Kadono
- Department of HepatologyGraduate School of MedicineOsaka City UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Daisuke Oikawa
- Department of PathobiochemistryGraduate School of MedicineOsaka City UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Katsutoshi Yoshizato
- Academic Advisor’s OfficePhoenixBio Co., Ltd.HiroshimaJapan,Endowed Laboratory of Synthetic BiologyGraduate School of MedicineOsaka City UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Fuminori Tokunaga
- Department of PathobiochemistryGraduate School of MedicineOsaka City UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Massimo Pinzani
- Regenerative Medicine and Fibrosis GroupInstitute for Liver and Digestive HealthUniversity College LondonRoyal Free HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Norifumi Kawada
- Department of HepatologyGraduate School of MedicineOsaka City UniversityOsakaJapan,Regenerative Medicine and Fibrosis GroupInstitute for Liver and Digestive HealthUniversity College LondonRoyal Free HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
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Zhang ZR, Yang ZG, Xu YM, Wang ZY, Wen J, Chen BH, Wang P, Wei W, Li Z, Dong WQ. Bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed proteins in alcoholic fatty liver disease treated with recombinant human cytoglobin. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:289. [PMID: 33649799 PMCID: PMC7930997 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoglobin (Cygb) is a globin molecule that is ubiquitously expressed in all tissues and has a protective role under oxidative stress. It has also been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD). In order to study the molecular mechanisms underlying its beneficial effects for the treatment of alcoholic liver, two‑dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometric analysis were performed on serum and liver tissues from an in vivo rat model of AFLD. A total of 26 differentially expressed proteins were identified in the serum and 20 differentially expressed proteins were identified in liver specimens. Using online bioinformatics tools, it was indicated that these differentially expressed proteins were primarily associated with pathways including binding and uptake of ligands by scavenger receptors, response to corticosteroid, plasma lipoprotein remodeling, regulation of complement cascade, hydrogen peroxide catabolic process, as well as response to nutrient and monosaccharide. The present results suggested that recombinant human Cygb exerts its role in the treatment of AFLD primarily through affecting nutrient metabolism, monocarboxylic acid biosynthesis, regulation of glutathione expression, plasma lipoprotein remodeling and removal of metabolic waste from the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Rong Zhang
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Gen Yang
- Guangzhou Koncen BioScience Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Mei Xu
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zhe-Yan Wang
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wen
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Hong Chen
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Qi Dong
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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Odagiri N, Matsubara T, Sato-Matsubara M, Fujii H, Enomoto M, Kawada N. Anti-fibrotic treatments for chronic liver diseases: The present and the future. Clin Mol Hepatol 2020; 27:413-424. [PMID: 33317250 PMCID: PMC8273638 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2020.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis reflects tissue scarring in the liver due to the accumulation of excessive extracellular matrix in response to chronically persistent liver injury. Hepatocyte cell death can trigger capillarization of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, stimulation of immune cells including macrophages and Kupffer cells, and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), resulting in progression of liver fibrosis. Liver cirrhosis is the terminal state of liver fibrosis and is associated with severe complications, such as liver failure, portal hypertension, and liver cancer. Nevertheless, effective therapy for cirrhosis has not yet been established, and liver transplantation is the only radical treatment for severe cases. Studies investigating HSC activation and regulation of collagen production in the liver have made breakthroughs in recent decades that have advanced the knowledge regarding liver fibrosis pathophysiology. In this review, we summarize molecular mechanisms of liver fibrosis and discuss the development of novel anti-fibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoshi Odagiri
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Matsubara
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Misako Sato-Matsubara
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Endowed Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Fujii
- Department of Premier Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaru Enomoto
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norifumi Kawada
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
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TGF-β1-driven reduction of cytoglobin leads to oxidative DNA damage in stellate cells during non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol 2020; 73:882-895. [PMID: 32330605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cytoglobin (CYGB) is a respiratory protein that acts as a scavenger of reactive oxygen species. The molecular role of CYGB in human hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and human liver disease remains uncharacterised. The aim of this study was to reveal the mechanism by which the TGF-β1/SMAD2 pathway regulates the human CYGB promoter and the pathophysiological function of CYGB in human non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS Immunohistochemical staining was performed using human NASH biopsy specimens. Molecular and biochemical analyses were performed by western blotting, quantitative PCR, and luciferase and immunoprecipitation assays. Hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and oxidative DNA damage were measured using an •OH-detectable probe and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) ELISA. RESULTS In culture, TGF-β1-pretreated human HSCs exhibited lower CYGB levels - together with increased NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression - and were primed for H2O2-triggered •OH production and 8-OHdG generation; overexpression of human CYGB in human HSCs reversed these effects. Electron spin resonance demonstrated the direct •OH scavenging activity of recombinant human CYGB. Mechanistically, pSMAD2 reduced CYGB transcription by recruiting the M1 repressor isoform of SP3 to the human CYGB promoter at nucleotide positions +2-+13 from the transcription start site. The same repression did not occur on the mouse Cygb promoter. TGF-β1/SMAD3 mediated αSMA and collagen expression. Consistent with observations in cultured human HSCs, CYGB expression was negligible, but 8-OHdG was abundant, in activated αSMA+pSMAD2+- and αSMA+NOX4+-positive hepatic stellate cells from patients with NASH and advanced fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Downregulation of CYGB by the TGF-β1/pSMAD2/SP3-M1 pathway brings about •OH-dependent oxidative DNA damage in activated hepatic stellate cells from patients with NASH. LAY SUMMARY Cytoglobin (CYGB) is a respiratory protein that acts as a scavenger of reactive oxygen species and protects cells from oxidative DNA damage. Herein, we show that the cytokine TGF-β1 downregulates human CYGB expression. This leads to oxidative DNA damage in activated hepatic stellate cells. Our findings provide new insights into the relationship between CYGB expression and the pathophysiology of fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Anyasor GN, Moses N, Kale O. Hepatoprotective and hematological effects of Justicia secunda Vahl leaves on carbon tetrachloride induced toxicity in rats. Biotech Histochem 2020; 95:349-359. [PMID: 31969022 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2019.1700430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Justicia secunda Vahl is an exotic plant that is used to treat medical problems. We investigated the hepatoprotective and hematological effects of aqueous extracts of J. secunda leaves on carbon tetrachloride induced toxicity in rats. Leaf extracts were prepared using hot and cold extraction methods to obtain a hot extract of J. secunda leaves (JSHAE) and a cold extract of J. secunda leaves (JSCAE). Total phenol and flavonoid measurements and antioxidant assays were performed to determine the extract with the greater antioxidant activity. JSHAE was the more effective extract for treatment of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in rats. Silymarin was used as a standard for comparison. We found that JSHAE contained more total phenol and flavonoid than JSCAE. JSHAE exhibited significantly greater ferric reducing antioxidant power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl and thiobarbituric acid scavenging activity than JSCAE. We also found that in vivo, 100 and 200 mg/kg JSHAE significantly reduced plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and total bilirubin levels following CCl4 induced toxicity compared to untreated rats. JSHAE treated animals exhibited white blood cell, red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet and procalcitonin levels that were comparable to control animals. Liver sections of rats treated with 200 mg/kg. JSHAE exhibited no abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godswill Nduka Anyasor
- Department of Biochemistry, Benjamin S. Carson (Snr.) School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Babcock University, Nigeria, PMB 21244 Ikeja
| | - Nwobi Moses
- Department of Biochemistry, Benjamin S. Carson (Snr.) School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Babcock University, Nigeria, PMB 21244 Ikeja
| | - Oluwafemi Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, Benjamin S. Carson (Snr.) School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Babcock University, Nigeria, PMB 21244 Ikeja
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Ullah A, Wang K, Wu P, Oupicky D, Sun M. CXCR4-targeted liposomal mediated co-delivery of pirfenidone and AMD3100 for the treatment of TGFβ-induced HSC-T6 cells activation. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:2927-2944. [PMID: 31118614 PMCID: PMC6501422 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s171280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Liver fibrosis is a chronic liver disease associated with an excessive accumulation of extracellualr matrix (ECM) proteins which ultimately lead to cirrohosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Purpose: Liver fibrosis therapies that use combination approaches with the ability to affect multiple disease pathways have proven higher efficacies. This study aimed at optimizing and characterizing the co-encapsulation of pirfenidone (PF) and AMD3100 (AMD) into CXCR4-targeted combination liposomes (CTC liposome) for CXCR4 targeting, and the inhibition of major molecular culprits ie α-SMA, CXCR4, TGFβ, and P-p38 involved in liver fibrosis in-vitro. Methods: The CTC liposomes were prepared using the thin-film hydration method. The concentration of encapsulated AMD and PF was measured by HPLC and UV spectrophotometry, respectively. Tramsmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to determine the liposomal morphology. The CXCR4 targeting ability was determined by CXCR4 redistribution assay. Confocal microscopy and flowcytometry were used to determine the CXCR4 mediated cell uptake. The apoptosis inducing and protein downreguating ability of CTC liposomes were determined by apoptosis assay and western blot analysis, respectively. In-vivo biodistribution and Hoechst staining were used to confirm the feasibility of CTC liposome for the in-vivo applications and drug targeted accumulation, respectively. Results: The TEM studies revealed that CTC liposomes were spherical in shape. The cumulative release of AMD and PF from CTC liposome was 67% and 84%, respectively, at 48 h. Compared to the free drug counterparts, encapsulated drugs displayed higher cell viability. The CXCR4 redistribution assay confirmed the CXCR4 targeting and antagonistic ability of CTC liposomes. The CTC liposomes were internalized more effectively via caveolae-mediated endocytic pathways. CTC liposomes displayed aggressive apoptosis (87.3%) in TGFβ-induced activated HSC-T6 cells suggesting a propensity to fibrosis regression. Also, CTC liposomes significantly reduced α-SMA (65%), CXCR4 (77%), TGFβ (89%), and P-p38 (66%) expressions, better than free drugs. CTC@IR780 liposomes (CTC liposomes incorporating IR780 dye) were more accumulated in fibrotic livers compared to free IR780, as judged by in-vivo imaging, biodistribution analysis, and Hoechst staining. These findings suggest that this simple and stable CTC liposomal system holds a great promise for the treatment and prevention of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaikai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengkai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - David Oupicky
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.,Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Minjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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8
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Zhang J, Pei Y, Yang W, Yang W, Chen B, Zhao X, Long S. Cytoglobin ameliorates the stemness of hepatocellular carcinoma via coupling oxidative-nitrosative stress signals. Mol Carcinog 2018; 58:334-343. [PMID: 30365183 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) account for tumor self-renewal and heterogeneity. Oxidative-nitrosative stress (ONS) is an independent etiologic factor throughout tumorigenesis. Emerging evidences indicated that the interaction of ONS with CSCs contributes to tumor progression and resistance to chemoradiotherapy. Cytoglobin (Cygb) is a member of human hexacoordinate hemoglobin family and acts as a dynamic mediator of redox homeostasis. We observed that Cygb is significantly deregulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue and its decrease aggravates the growth of liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) and increases the subpopulation of CD133(+) LCSCs. Cygb restoration inhibits HCC proliferation and LCSC growth, and decreases the subpopulation of CD133 (+) LCSCs in vitro. We found that Cygb absence promotes LCSC phenotypes and PI3 K/AKT activation, whereas Cygb restoration inhibits LCSC phenotypes and PI3 K/AKT activation. Furthermore, exogenous antioxidants can eliminate the inhibitory effect of Cygb to LCSC growth and phenotypes, as well as PI3 K/AKT activation. Collectively, this study demonstrated that cytoglobin functions as a tumor suppressor and targets CSCs at an ONS-dependent manner. Thus, Cygb restoration could be a novel and promising therapeutic strategy against HCC with aberrant ROS/RNS accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China.,Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Transformation Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - YuanYuan Pei
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - WenXiu Yang
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China.,Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - BoXin Chen
- Department of Immunology, Basic School of Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Basic School of Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Shiqi Long
- Department of Immunology, Basic School of Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
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9
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Ali FEM, Azouz AA, Bakr AG, Abo-Youssef AM, Hemeida RAM. Hepatoprotective effects of diosmin and/or sildenafil against cholestatic liver cirrhosis: The role of Keap-1/Nrf-2 and P38-MAPK/NF-κB/iNOS signaling pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:294-304. [PMID: 30026087 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fares E M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
| | - Amany A Azouz
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Adel G Bakr
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Amira M Abo-Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Ramadan A M Hemeida
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
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10
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Cytoglobin affects tumorigenesis and the expression of ulcerative colitis-associated genes under chemically induced colitis in mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6905. [PMID: 29720595 PMCID: PMC5931983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24728-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoglobin (Cygb) is a member of the hemoglobin family and is thought to protect against cellular hypoxia and oxidative stress. These functions may be particularly important in inflammation-induced cancer, e.g., in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). In this study, we investigated the development of inflammation and tumors in a murine model of inflammation-induced colorectal cancer using a combined treatment of azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium. A bioinformatics analysis of genome-wide expression data revealed increased colonic inflammation at the molecular level accompanied by enhanced macroscopic tumor development in Cygb-deficient mice. Moreover, the expression of the UC-associated gene neurexophilin and PC-esterase domain family member 4 (Nxpe4) depended on the presence of Cygb in the inflamed colonic mucosa. Compared to wild type mice, RT-qPCR confirmed a 14-fold (p = 0.0003) decrease in Nxpe4 expression in the inflamed colonic mucosa from Cygb-deficient mice. An analysis of Cygb protein expression suggested that Cygb is expressed in fibroblast-like cells surrounding the colonic crypts. Histological examinations of early induced lesions suggested that the effect of Cygb is primarily at the level of tumor promotion. In conclusion, in this model, Cygb primarily seemed to inhibit the development of established microadenomas.
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11
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Ou L, Li X, Chen B, Ge Z, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Cai G, Li Z, Wang P, Dong W. Recombinant Human Cytoglobin Prevents Atherosclerosis by Regulating Lipid Metabolism and Oxidative Stress. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2017; 23:162-173. [PMID: 28954528 DOI: 10.1177/1074248417724870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Ou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Research, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baihong Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhuang Ge
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyi Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaotai Cai
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqi Dong
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Sato-Matsubara M, Matsubara T, Daikoku A, Okina Y, Longato L, Rombouts K, Thuy LTT, Adachi J, Tomonaga T, Ikeda K, Yoshizato K, Pinzani M, Kawada N. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) regulates cytoglobin expression and activation of human hepatic stellate cells via JNK signaling. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:18961-18972. [PMID: 28916723 PMCID: PMC5706471 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.793794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoglobin (CYGB) belongs to the mammalian globin family and is exclusively expressed in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in the liver. In addition to its gas-binding ability, CYGB is relevant to hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer because of its anti-oxidative properties; however, the regulation of CYGB gene expression remains unknown. Here, we sought to identify factors that induce CYGB expression in HSCs and to clarify the molecular mechanism involved. We used the human HSC cell line HHSteC and primary human HSCs isolated from intact human liver tissues. In HHSteC cells, treatment with a culture supplement solution that included fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) increased CYGB expression with concomitant and time-dependent α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) down-regulation. We found that FGF2 is a key factor in inducing the alteration in both CYGB and αSMA expression in HHSteCs and primary HSCs and that FGF2 triggered the rapid phosphorylation of both c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and c-JUN. Both the JNK inhibitor PS600125 and transfection of c-JUN-targeting siRNA abrogated FGF2-mediated CYGB induction, and conversely, c-JUN overexpression induced CYGB and reduced αSMA expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that upon FGF2 stimulation, phospho-c-JUN bound to its consensus motif (5'-TGA(C/G)TCA), located -218 to -222 bases from the transcription initiation site in the CYGB promoter. Of note, in bile duct-ligated mice, FGF2 administration ameliorated liver fibrosis and significantly reduced HSC activation. In conclusion, FGF2 triggers CYGB gene expression and deactivation of myofibroblastic human HSCs, indicating that FGF2 has therapeutic potential for managing liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tsutomu Matsubara
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | | | | | - Lisa Longato
- the Regenerative Medicine and Fibrosis Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom, and
| | - Krista Rombouts
- the Regenerative Medicine and Fibrosis Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom, and
| | | | - Jun Adachi
- the Laboratory of Proteome Research, Proteome Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tomonaga
- the Laboratory of Proteome Research, Proteome Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ikeda
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | | | - Massimo Pinzani
- the Regenerative Medicine and Fibrosis Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom, and
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13
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Cai G, Chen B, Li Z, Wei W, Wang P, Dong W. The different expressed serum proteins in rhCygb treated rat model of liver fibrosis by the optimized two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177968. [PMID: 28662027 PMCID: PMC5490966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis, a common pathological process of chronic liver diseases, is the final stage of liver dysfunction that has severely deleterious impact on human health. Cytoglobin was first discovered in 2001 by proteomic analysis in rat stellate cells and was reported to play an important role in controlling tissue fibrosis. However, the mechanism by which cytoglobin inhibits or reverses the progression of fibrosis remains unclear. The present study examines the effect of recombinant human cytoblobin (rhCygb) in a rat model of liver fibrosis. Proteomic approaches were employed to identify differentially expressed proteins in the fibrosis model. Optimized conditions for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis were developed to provide improved protein detection and separation. A total of 43 spots were obtained and, through the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, 30 differentially expressed proteins were identified. Gene ontology term annotation and KEGG pathway analysis allowed us to explore the function of the represented proteins. Based on these results, we provide a theory of the molecular mechanism related to rhCygb reversion of fibrosis and which will assist in the identification of biomarkers in patient serum to improve early diagnosis of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaotai Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Bohong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China.,School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Wenqi Dong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
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14
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Wen J, Wu Y, Wei W, Li Z, Wang P, Zhu S, Dong W. Protective effects of recombinant human cytoglobin against chronic alcohol-induced liver disease in vivo and in vitro. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41647. [PMID: 28128325 PMCID: PMC5269723 DOI: 10.1038/srep41647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is an important worldwide public health issue with no satisfying treatment available since now. Here we explore the effects of recombinant human cytoglobin (rhCygb) on chronic alcohol-induced liver injury and the underlying mechanisms. In vivo studies showed that rhCygb was able to ameliorate alcohol-induced liver injury, significantly reversed increased serum index (ALT, AST, TG, TC and LDL-C) and decreased serum HDL-C. Histopathology observation of the liver of rats treated with rhCygb confirmed the biochemical data. Furthermore, rhCygb significantly inhibited Kupffer cells (KCs) proliferation and TNF-α expression in LPS-induced KCs. rhCygb also inhibited LPS-induced NADPH oxidase activity and ROS, NO and O2•- generation. These results collectively indicate that rhCygb exert the protective effect on chronic alcohol-induced liver injury through suppression of KC activation and oxidative stress. In view of its anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory features, rhCygb might be a promising candidate for development as a therapeutic agent against ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, P.R. China.,Department of Hematology, Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541002, P.R. China
| | - Yongbin Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541002, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, P.R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, P.R. China
| | - Shiwei Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 541002, P.R. China
| | - Wenqi Dong
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, P.R. China
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