1
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Ehtesabi S, Richter M, Kupfer S, Gräfe S. Assessing plasmon-induced reactions by a combined quantum chemical-quantum/classical hybrid approach. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:15219-15229. [PMID: 39072363 PMCID: PMC11325215 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr02099e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Plasmon-driven reactions on metal nanoparticles feature rich and complex mechanistic contributions, involving a manifold of electronic states, near-field enhancement, and heat, among others. Although localized surface plasmon resonances are believed to initiate these reactions, the complex reactivity demands deeper exploration. This computational study investigates factors influencing chemical processes on plasmonic nanoparticles, exemplified by protonation of 4-mercaptopyridine (4-MPY) on silver nanoparticles. We examine the impact of molecular binding modes and molecule-molecule interactions on the nanoparticle's surface, near-field electromagnetic effects, and charge-transfer phenomena. Two proton sources were considered at ambient conditions, molecular hydrogen and water. Our findings reveal that the substrate's binding mode significantly affects not only the energy barriers governing the thermodynamics and kinetics of the reaction but also determine the directionality of light-driven charge-transfer at the 4-MPY-Ag interface, pivotal in the chemical contribution involved in the reaction mechanism. In addition, significant field enhancement surrounding the adsorbed molecule is observed (eletromagnetic contribution) which was found insufficient to modify the ground state thermodynamics. Instead, it initiates and amplifies light-driven charge-transfer and thus modulates the excited states' reactivity in the plasmonic-molecular hybrid system. This research elucidates protonation mechanisms on silver surfaces, highlighting the role of molecular-surface and molecule-molecule-surface orientation in plasmon-catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Ehtesabi
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Martin Richter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Gräfe
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering, 07745 Jena, Germany
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2
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Hu M, Li K, Dang X, Yang C, Li X, Wang Z, Li K, Cao L, Hu X, Li Y, Wu N, Huang Z, Meng G. Phase-Tunable Molybdenum Boride Ceramics as an Emerging Sensitive and Reliable SERS Platform in Harsh Environments. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308690. [PMID: 38470201 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Traditional surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors rely heavily on the use of plasmonic noble metals, which have limitations due to their high cost and lack of physical and chemical stability. Hence, it is imperative to explore new materials as SERS platforms that can withstand high temperatures and harsh conditions. In this study, the SERS effect of molybdenum boride ceramic powders is presented with an enhancement factor of 5 orders, which is comparable to conventional noble metal substrates. The molybdenum boride powders synthesized through liquid-phase precursor and carbothermal reduction have β-MoB, MoB2, and Mo2B5 phases. Among these phases, β-MoB demonstrates the most significant SERS activity, with a detection limit for rhodamine 6G (R6G) molecules of 10-9 m. The impressive SERS enhancement can be attributed to strong molecule interactions and prominent charge interactions between R6G and the various phases of molybdenum boride, as supported by theoretical calculations. Additionally, Raman measurements show that the SERS activity remains intact after exposure to high temperature, strong acids, and alkalis. This research introduces a novel molybdenum boride all-ceramic SERS platform capable of functioning in harsh conditions, thereby showing the promising of boride ultrahigh-temperature ceramics for detection applications in extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ke Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Sensors, Ministry of Agriculture, School of Information and Computer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xian Dang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Anhui University, Hefei, 230039, China
| | - Chengwan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Kewei Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Liang Cao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Xiaoye Hu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Nianqiang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003-9303, USA
| | - Zhulin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Guowen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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3
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Srichan C, Danvirutai P, Tuantranont A. Anomalous Current Steps in 3D Graphene Electrochemical Systems at Room Temperature. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:19591-19600. [PMID: 38708217 PMCID: PMC11064023 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we report a new phenomenon in electrochemical systems whereby uniform current steps of 1 mA per 0.5 × 0.5 × 0.1 cm3 (width × width × depth) of electrode volume occurred during the electrodeposition of gold and silver nanoparticles onto 3D microporous graphene on nickel layers (GF/Ni) at room temperature. The effect was exhibited only at specific applied electrical potentials. The experiments (magnetic interference, temperature dependence, and surface area dependence) were repeated, and the results were reproducible. Finally, we proposed classical electrochemical theory using the Butler-Volmer equation and quantum theory using the Landauer formalism to describe this new effect. Both theories could be used to explain the experimental results: temperature dependence, surface area dependence, blocking effects, and external magnetic field dependence. In addition, the stepwise current presented in this work facilitates the trapping and supplying of a large amount of electric charge via an inherent magnetic field in a sharp time step (∼1 s). A video clip of the recorded effect can be found at https://youtu.be/pPJh45w1sUQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chavis Srichan
- Faculty
of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Adisorn Tuantranont
- Graphene
and Printed Electronics for Dual-Use Application (GPERD), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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4
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Sherpa L, Nimmala A, Rao SVSN, Khan SA, Pathak AP, Tripathi A, Tiwari A. Refining shape and size of silver nanoparticles using ion irradiation for enhanced and homogeneous SERS activity. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:51. [PMID: 38502359 PMCID: PMC11329486 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-03994-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
We present green synthesis of silver nanoparticles in water using unirradiated and Ag15 + ion irradiated phytoextracts of Bergenia Ciliata leaf, Eupatorium adenophorum leaf, Rhododendron arboreum leaf and flower. The use of different plant extracts and their subsequent ion irradiation allow for successful refinement of nanoparticle size and morphology. Due to changes in reducing and capping agents the nanoparticle surface functionalization also varies which not only controls the morphology but also allows for surface oxidation and aggregation processes. In this work, we have synthesized silver nanoparticles which exhibit sizes in the range from 13 to 24 nm and having shapes like spherical, quasispherical, trigonal, hexagonal, cylindrical, dendritic assemblies, and porous nanoparticles. Owing to changes in the size and shape of the nanoparticles, their direct bandgap (2.05 eV - 2.48 eV) and local surface plasmon resonance (420 nm - 490 nm) could also be tuned. These nanoparticles are examined as SERS substrates, where their enhancement factors, limit of detection for methylene blue, and SERS substrate homogeneity have been tested. It has been observed the nanoparticles synthesized using unirradiated plant extracts present an enhancement factor of 106 with a limit of detection 10- 8 M. Whereas nanoparticles with refined morphology and shapes upon irradiation present high enhancement factors of >107 and detection limit down to 10- 9 M. In addition, uniformity in Raman spectra over the SERS substrates has been obtained for selected Ag NPs substrates synthesized using irradiated extracts with minimum relative standard deviation in enhancement factor < 12%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laden Sherpa
- Department of Physics, Sikkim University, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
| | - Arun Nimmala
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Electronics Science and Technology (CASEST), School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - S V S Nageswara Rao
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Electronics Science and Technology (CASEST), School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - S A Khan
- Inter University Accelerator Centre, (IUAC), New Delhi, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Anand P Pathak
- School of Physics University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 5000046, India
| | - Ajay Tripathi
- Department of Physics, Sikkim University, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
| | - Archana Tiwari
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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5
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Zhang S, Zhang G, Ding G, Liu Z, Wang B, Wu H, Wei G, Li J, Ye C, Yang S, Wang G. The Synergistic Effect on the Mimetic Optical Structure of Feline Eyes toward Household Health Monitoring of Acute and Chronic Diseases. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4944-4956. [PMID: 38301227 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
A breakthrough in the performance of bionic optical structures will only be achieved if we can obtain an in-depth understanding of the synergy mechanisms operating in natural optical structures and find ways to imitate them. In this work, inspired by feline eyes, an optical substrate that takes advantage of a synergistic effect that occurs between resonant and reflective structures was designed. The synergistic effect between the reflective and resonant components leads to a Raman enhancement factor (EF) of 1.16 × 107, which is much greater than that achieved using the reflective/resonant cavities on their own. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations and experimental results together confirm that the mechanism of this synergistic effect is achieved by realizing multiple reflections and repeated absorptions of light, generating a strong local electric field. Thus, a 2-3 order of magnitude increase in sensitivity could be achieved. More importantly, with the homemade centrifugal device, above optical substrates were further used to develop a rapidly highly sensitive household health monitoring system (detection time <3 min). It can thus be used to give early warning of acute diseases with high risk (e.g., acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and cerebral peduncle). Due to the good reusability and storability (9% and 8% reduction in EF after washing 30 times and 9 months of storage, respectively) of the substrates, the substrates thus reduce detection costs (to ∼$1), making them much cheaper to use than the current gold-standard methods (e.g., ∼$16 for gout detection).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhang
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Guanglin Zhang
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Guqiao Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Zhiduo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Bingkun Wang
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Genwang Wei
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Science and Material Design, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jipeng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
| | - Caichao Ye
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Science and Material Design, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Siwei Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
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6
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Shaikh N, Som NN, Jha PK, Pamidimukkala P. Chitosan supported silver nanostructures as surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensor: Spectroscopic and density functional theory insights. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127444. [PMID: 37839595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, nanostructures comprising silver nanoparticles supported on a wrinkled chitosan matrix (Ag@Ch) were successfully synthesized by a simple aging process at room temperature for four days through self-assembly. Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide was used as a support as well as a reducing agent for the formation of Ag nanostructures and the creation of hotspots for SERS activity. The fabricated Ag@Ch nanostructures were characterized by several spectroscopic techniques and were used as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. The effect of wet, dry, and liquid samples on the SERS enhancement has been studied and was found to be effective for sensing Methylene blue, Crystal Violet, and p-Nitrophenol with detection limits of 3.8, 8.1, and 8.2 ppb respectively. The SERS enhancement of the Ag@Ch was attributed to the combination of both electromagnetic (EM) and chemical effects (CE). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to explain the observed surface enhancement. Good agreement was observed between the experimental and simulated spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naznin Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Sayajigunj, Vadodara 390002, India
| | - Narayan N Som
- Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Wołoska Str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Prafaulla K Jha
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Padmaja Pamidimukkala
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Sayajigunj, Vadodara 390002, India.
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7
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Hossain MI, Nanda SS, Cho S, Lee B, Kim BJ, Choi JY, Yi DK. Gold Nanorod Density-Dependent Label-Free Bacteria Sensing on a Flake-like 3D Graphene-Based Device by SERS. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:962. [PMID: 37998137 PMCID: PMC10669247 DOI: 10.3390/bios13110962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an effective technique for biosensing, enabling label-free detection of biomolecules with enhanced sensitivity. There is a tremendous probability of signal failure in Raman frequencies because of the scattering of the Raman radiation in liquids, effective SERS improvement is required to reduce this issue when considering liquid specimens. We examined a liquid bacterial sample, investigating the electrostatic interactions of the bacterial samples with gold nanorods (AuNRs) and graphene. We established a voltage-gated 3D graphene functionalized with an AuNR-based device on the silicon substrate for SERS measurements when the applied voltage ranges from 0 to 3 V. Moreover, AuNRs density-susceptible bacterial sample analysis with varied concentrations of bacterial samples has also been described. Using bacterial SERS analysis, the bacterial components amide II (1555-1565 cm-1) and amide III (1250-1350 cm-1) have been discovered for both bacteria, Gram-positive, Listeria monocytogenes and Gram-negative, Salmonella typhi. Our fabricated device affords an interesting label-free, rapid, and reproducible bacterial sample analysis based on the density of the AuNRs when functionalizing flake-like 3D graphene, which can help facilitate label-free bacteria sensing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Imran Hossain
- Department of Chemistry, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Republic of Korea; (M.I.H.)
| | - Sitansu Sekhar Nanda
- Department of Chemistry, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Republic of Korea; (M.I.H.)
| | - Sooheon Cho
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Bom Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Jun Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Choi
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kee Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Republic of Korea; (M.I.H.)
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8
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Li X, Li L, Wang Y, Hao X, Wang C, Yang Z, Li H. Ag NPs@PDMS nanoripple array films as SERS substrates for rapid in situ detection of pesticide residues. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 299:122877. [PMID: 37209479 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The large-area fabrication of flexible and transparent surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates with high performance by a facile and efficient method is still challenging. Here, we demonstrated a large-scale, flexible and transparent SERS substrate composed of PDMS nanoripple array film decorated with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs@PDMS-NR array film) prepared by a combination of plasma treatment and magnetron sputtering. The performances of SERS substrates were characterized by rhodamine 6G (R6G) using a handheld Raman spectrometer. The optimal Ag NPs@PDMS-NR array film exhibited high SERS sensitivity, with a detection limitation of R6G reaching 8.20 × 10-8 M as well as excellent uniformity (RSD = 6.8%) and batch-to-batch reproducibility (RSD = 2.3%). In addition, the substrate showed outstanding mechanical stability and good SERS enhancement by backside illumination, thus it was suitable for in situ SERS detection on curved surfaces. The detection limit of malachite green on apple and tomato peels was 1.19 × 10-7 and 1.16 × 10-7 M, respectively, and quantitative analysis of pesticide residues could be realized. These results demonstrate that the Ag NPs@PDMS-NR array film has great practical potential in rapid in situ detection of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Li
- School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong Province, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, PR China
| | - Lijun Li
- School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong Province, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, PR China
| | - Yangzhi Wang
- School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong Province, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, PR China
| | - Xuehui Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, PR China
| | - Changzheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, PR China
| | - Zhenshan Yang
- School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong Province, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, PR China
| | - Hefu Li
- School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong Province, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, PR China.
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9
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Kosuvun M, Danvirutai P, Hormdee D, Chaosakul A, Tanboonchuy V, Siritaratiwat A, Anutrakulchai S, Sharma A, Tuantranont A, Srichan C. Nanoflowers on Microporous Graphene Electrodes as a Highly Sensitive and Low-Cost As(III) Electrochemical Sensor for Water Quality Monitoring. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3099. [PMID: 36991809 PMCID: PMC10053495 DOI: 10.3390/s23063099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report a low-cost and highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for detecting As(III) in water. The sensor uses a 3D microporous graphene electrode with nanoflowers, which enriches the reactive surface area and thus enhances its sensitivity. The detection range achieved was 1-50 ppb, meeting the US-EPA cutoff criteria of 10 ppb. The sensor works by trapping As(III) ions using the interlayer dipole between Ni and graphene, reducing As(III), and transferring electrons to the nanoflowers. The nanoflowers then exchange charges with the graphene layer, producing a measurable current. Interference by other ions, such as Pb(II) and Cd(II), was found to be negligible. The proposed method has potential for use as a portable field sensor for monitoring water quality to control hazardous As(III) in human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahatthanah Kosuvun
- Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (M.K.); (P.D.); (D.H.); (A.C.); (V.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Pobporn Danvirutai
- Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (M.K.); (P.D.); (D.H.); (A.C.); (V.T.); (A.S.)
- Research and Development Division, T. Robotics, Co., Ltd., Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
| | - Daranee Hormdee
- Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (M.K.); (P.D.); (D.H.); (A.C.); (V.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Arnut Chaosakul
- Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (M.K.); (P.D.); (D.H.); (A.C.); (V.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Visanu Tanboonchuy
- Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (M.K.); (P.D.); (D.H.); (A.C.); (V.T.); (A.S.)
- Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management (EHSM), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Apirat Siritaratiwat
- Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (M.K.); (P.D.); (D.H.); (A.C.); (V.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Sirirat Anutrakulchai
- Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.A.); (A.S.)
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in the Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Amod Sharma
- Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.A.); (A.S.)
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in the Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Adisorn Tuantranont
- Graphene and Printed Electronics for Dual-Use Applications Research Division (GPERD), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Chavis Srichan
- Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (M.K.); (P.D.); (D.H.); (A.C.); (V.T.); (A.S.)
- Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management (EHSM), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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10
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Sundarapandi M, Praveen R, Shanmugam S, Ramaraj R. Amine-Functionalized Silane-Assisted Preparation of AgNP-Deposited α-Ni(OH) 2 Composite Materials and Their Application in Hg 2+ Ion Sensing. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:39396-39403. [PMID: 36340171 PMCID: PMC9631721 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A facile synthetic methodology for the deposition of different concentrations of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) on α-Ni(OH)2 sheets (α-Ni1(OH)2-Ag0.5, α-Ni1(OH)2-Ag1, α-Ni1(OH)2-Ag2, and α-Ni1(OH)2-Ag3) is reported using N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]diethylenetriamine (TPDT) silane. The TPDT aminosilane facilitates the formation of α-Ni(OH)2 sheets and reduces the Ag+ precursor to AgNPs, leading to the deposition of AgNPs on α-Ni(OH)2 sheets. UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, transmission microscopy analyses, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques were used to characterize the prepared α-Ni1(OH)2-Ag0.5-3 composite materials. High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping images and scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping images were recorded to understand the α-Ni1(OH)2-Ag composite sheet materials. The optical sensing property of α-Ni1(OH)2-Ag0.5-3 composite materials toward toxic Hg2+ ions were investigated using a UV-vis absorption spectroscopy technique. The α-Ni1(OH)2-Ag2 composite material showed selective sensing behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manickam Sundarapandi
- School
of Chemistry, Centre for Photoelectrochemistry, Department of Organic
Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai
Kamaraj University, Madurai625021, India
| | - Raju Praveen
- School
of Chemistry, Centre for Photoelectrochemistry, Department of Organic
Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai
Kamaraj University, Madurai625021, India
| | - Sivakumar Shanmugam
- School
of Chemistry, Centre for Photoelectrochemistry, Department of Organic
Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai
Kamaraj University, Madurai625021, India
| | - Ramasamy Ramaraj
- School
of Chemistry, Centre for Photoelectrochemistry, Department of Organic
Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai
Kamaraj University, Madurai625021, India
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11
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Tsao CW, Zheng YS, Sun YS, Cheng YC. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy on localized silver nanoparticle-decorated porous silicon substrate. Analyst 2021; 146:7645-7652. [PMID: 34806730 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01708j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy is a rapid and non-destructive optical detection method that has been applied in various applications. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) substrate-based silicon nanostructures have been widely used as SERS substrates due to their high detection sensitivity, repeatability, and reusability. This paper uses a simple and low-cost electroless etching deposition process to generate silver nanoparticle-decorated porous silicon (Ag-PS) substrates. We propose a contact deposition process to generate localized Ag-PS (LocAg-PS) for SERS analysis. Due to the hydrophilic LocAg-PS pad on the hydrophobic PS background, the sample droplets self-aligned to the predefined LocAg-PS pads and condensed into a higher local concentration for high sensitivity SERS detection without extensive search for the hot spot. The effects of critical fabrication parameters and SERS analysis on the LocAg-PS surface were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wen Tsao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan.
| | - You-Shan Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Sen Sun
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Che Cheng
- Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
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12
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Guo J, Xu Y, Fu C, Guo L. Facial Fabrication of Large-Scale SERS-Active Substrate Based on Self-Assembled Monolayer of Silver Nanoparticles on CTAB-Modified Silicon for Analytical Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123250. [PMID: 34947599 PMCID: PMC8708957 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been proven to be a promising analytical technique with sensitivity at the single-molecule level. However, one of the key problems preventing its real-world application lies in the great challenges that are encountered in the preparation of large-scale, reproducible, and highly sensitive SERS-active substrates. In this work, a new strategy is developed to fabricate an Ag collide SERS substrate by using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a connection agent. The developed SERS substrate can be developed on a large scale and is highly efficient, and it has high-density “hot spots” that enhance the yield enormously. We employed 4-methylbenzenethiol(4-MBT) as the SERS probe due to the strong Ag–S linkage. The SERS enhancement factor (EF) was calculated to be ~2.6 × 106. The efficacy of the proposed substrate is demonstrated for the detection of malachite green (MG) as an example. The limit of detection (LOD) for the MG assay is brought down to 1.0 × 10−11 M, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) for the intensity of the main Raman vibration modes (1620, 1038 cm−1) is less than 20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Guo
- College of Oceanology and Food Sciences, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China;
| | - Yang Xu
- College of Physics & Information Engineering, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China;
| | - Caili Fu
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, No. 377 Linquan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215128, China;
| | - Longhua Guo
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
- Correspondence:
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13
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Chowdhury E, Rahaman MS, Sathitsuksanoh N, Grapperhaus CA, O'Toole MG. DNA-mediated hierarchical organization of gold nanoprisms into 3D aggregates and their application in surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:25256-25263. [PMID: 34734598 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03684j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal crystallization using DNA provides a robust method for fabricating highly programmable nanoparticle superstructures with collective plasmonic properties. Here, we report on the DNA-guided fabrication of 3D plasmonic aggregates from polydisperse gold nanoprisms. We first construct 1D crystals via DNA-induced and shape-directed face-to-face assembly of anisotropic gold nanoprisms. Using the near-Tm thermal annealing approach that promotes long-range DNA-induced interaction and ordering, we then assemble 1D nanoprism crystals into a 3D nanoprism aggregate that exhibits a polycrystalline morphology with nanoscale ordering and microscale dimensions. The presence of closely packed nanoprism arrays over a large area gives rise to strong near-field plasmonic coupling and generates a high density of plasmonic hot spots within the 3D nanoprism aggregates that exhibit excellent surface-enhanced Raman scattering performance. The plasmonic 3D nanoprism aggregates demonstrate significant SERS enhancement (<106), and low detection limits (10-9M) with good sample-to-sample reproducibility (CV ∼ only 5.6%) for SERS analysis of the probe molecule, methylene blue. These findings highlight the potential of 3D anisotropic nanoparticle aggregates as functional plasmonic nanoarchitectures that could find applications in sensing, photonics, optoelectronics and lasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emtias Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | | | - Noppadon Sathitsuksanoh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Craig A Grapperhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Martin G O'Toole
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA.
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14
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Plou J, Molina-Martínez B, García-Astrain C, Langer J, García I, Ercilla A, Perumal G, Carracedo A, Liz-Marzán LM. Nanocomposite Scaffolds for Monitoring of Drug Diffusion in Three-Dimensional Cell Environments by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:8785-8793. [PMID: 34614348 PMCID: PMC8554797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring dynamic processes in complex cellular environments requires the integration of uniformly distributed detectors within such three-dimensional (3D) networks, to an extent that the sensor could provide real-time information on nearby perturbations in a non-invasive manner. In this context, the development of 3D-printed structures that can function as both sensors and cell culture platforms emerges as a promising strategy, not only for mimicking a specific cell niche but also toward identifying its characteristic physicochemical conditions, such as concentration gradients. We present herein a 3D cancer model that incorporates a hydrogel-based scaffold containing gold nanorods. In addition to sustaining cell growth, the printed nanocomposite inks display the ability to uncover drug diffusion profiles by surface-enhanced Raman scattering, with high spatiotemporal resolution. We additionally demonstrate that the acquired information could pave the way to designing novel strategies for drug discovery in cancer therapy, through correlation of drug diffusion with cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Plou
- CIC
biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
- Biomedical
Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine
(CIBER-BBN), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- CIC
bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Beatriz Molina-Martínez
- CIC
biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
| | - Clara García-Astrain
- CIC
biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
- Biomedical
Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine
(CIBER-BBN), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Judith Langer
- CIC
biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
- Biomedical
Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine
(CIBER-BBN), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Isabel García
- CIC
biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
- Biomedical
Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine
(CIBER-BBN), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Amaia Ercilla
- CIC
bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain
- Biomedical
Research Networking Center in Cancer (CIBERONC), 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Govindaraj Perumal
- CIC
biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- CIC
bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain
- Biomedical
Research Networking Center in Cancer (CIBERONC), 48160 Derio, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology Department, University
of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O.
Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Luis M. Liz-Marzán
- CIC
biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
- Biomedical
Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine
(CIBER-BBN), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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15
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Zhang B, Hou X, Zhen C, Wang AX. Sub-Part-Per-Billion Level Sensing of Fentanyl Residues from Wastewater Using Portable Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensing. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11100370. [PMID: 34677326 PMCID: PMC8534101 DOI: 10.3390/bios11100370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Detection of illicit drug residues from wastewater provides a new route toward community-level assessment of drug abuse that is critical to public health. However, traditional chemistry analytical tools such as high-performance liquid chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) cannot meet the large-scale testing requirement in terms of cost, promptness, and convenience of use. In this article, we demonstrated ultra-sensitive and portable surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensing (SERS) of fentanyl, a synthetic opioid, from sewage water and achieved quantitative analysis through principal component analysis and partial least-squares regression. The SERS substrates adopted in this application were synthesized by in situ growth of silver nanoparticles on diatomaceous earth films, which show ultra-high sensitivity down to 10 parts per trillion in artificially contaminated tap water in the lab using a commercial portable Raman spectrometer. Based on training data from artificially contaminated tap water, we predicted the fentanyl concentration in the sewage water from a wastewater treatment plant to be 0.8 parts per billion (ppb). As a comparison, the HPLC-MS confirmed the fentanyl concentration was below 1 ppb but failed to provide a specific value of the concentration since the concentration was too low. In addition, we further proved the validity of our SERS sensing technique by comparing SERS results from multiple sewage water treatment plants, and the results are consistent with the public health data from our local health authority. Such SERS sensing technique with ultra-high sensitivity down to sub-ppb level proved its feasibility for point-of-care detection of illicit drugs from sewage water, which is crucial to assess public health.
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16
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Improving SERS Sensing Efficiency and Catalytic Reduction Activity in Multifunctional Ternary Ag-TiO2-GO Nanostructures: Roles of Electron Transfer Process on Performance Enhancement. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/1169599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional nanocomposites have received great attention for years; electron transfer (ET) is considered as an explanatory mechanism for enhancement of performance of these nanostructures. The existence of this ET process has been proved in many studies using either experimental or computational approaches. In this study, a ternary nanocomposite system of Ag/TiO2/GO was prepared to evaluate the performance enhancement in two experimental models: a physical model (i.e., surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor) and a chemical one (i.e., catalytic reduction reaction). The metal/semiconductor heterojunction between Ag and TiO2, as well as Ti-O-C bonds, has allowed plasmonic hot electrons to be transferred in the internal structure of the material. An investigation on the role of Ag content on the SERS sensing and catalytic reduction efficiency of Ag/TiO2/GO was performed in both models. Interestingly, they all resulted in the same optimal Ag content of 50 wt%. It was then further discussed to provide a convincing evidence for the plasmon-induced electron transfer phenomena in the Ag/TiO2/GO nanostructure. These findings also suggest a pathway to design and develop high-performance, cost-effective, facile-preparation, and eco-friendly multifunctional nanostructures for detecting and removing contaminants in environment.
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17
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Wu R, Jin Q, Storey C, Collins J, Gomard G, Lemmer U, Canham L, Kling R, Kaplan A. Gold nanoplasmonic particles in tunable porous silicon 3D scaffolds for ultra-low concentration detection by SERS. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:781-790. [PMID: 34355229 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00228g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A composite material of plasmonic nanoparticles embedded in a scaffold of nano-porous silicon offers unmatched capabilities for use as a SERS substrate. The marriage of these components presents an exclusive combination of tightly focused amplification of Localised Surface Plasmon (LSP) fields inside the material with an extremely high surface-to-volume ratio. This provides favourable conditions for a single molecule or extremely low concentration detection by SERS. In this work the advantage of the composite is demonstrated by SERS detection of Methylene Blue at a concentration as low as a few picomolars. We systematically investigate the plasmonic properties of the material by imaging its morphology, establishing its composition and the effect on the LSP resonance optical spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihan Wu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Qihao Jin
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Catherine Storey
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Jack Collins
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Guillaume Gomard
- Carl Zeiss AG, ZEISS Innovation Hub@KIT, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 6, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Uli Lemmer
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Leigh Canham
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Rainer Kling
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrey Kaplan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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18
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Raman and Fluorescence Enhancement Approaches in Graphene-Based Platforms for Optical Sensing and Imaging. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030644. [PMID: 33808013 PMCID: PMC7999291 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The search for novel platforms and metamaterials for the enhancement of optical and particularly Raman signals is still an objective since optical techniques offer affordable, noninvasive methods with high spatial resolution and penetration depth adequate to detect and image a large variety of systems, from 2D materials to molecules in complex media and tissues. Definitely, plasmonic materials produce the most efficient enhancement through the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) process, allowing single-molecule detection, and are the most studied ones. Here we focus on less explored aspects of SERS such as the role of the inter-nanoparticle (NP) distance and the ultra-small NP size limit (down to a few nm) and on novel approaches involving graphene and graphene-related materials. The issues on reproducibility and homogeneity for the quantification of the probe molecules will also be discussed. Other light enhancement mechanisms, in particular resonant and interference Raman scatterings, as well as the platforms that allow combining several of them, are presented in this review with a special focus on the possibilities that graphene offers for the design and fabrication of novel architectures. Recent fluorescence enhancement platforms and strategies, so important for bio-detection and imaging, are reviewed as well as the relevance of graphene oxide and graphene/carbon nanodots in the field.
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19
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Yang L, Ren Z, Zhang M, Song Y, Li P, Qiu Y, Deng P, Li Z. Three-dimensional porous SERS powder for sensitive liquid and gas detections fabricated by engineering dense "hot spots" on silica aerogel. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:1012-1018. [PMID: 36133286 PMCID: PMC9418486 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00849d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A three-dimensional porous SERS powder material, Ag nanoparticles-engineered-silica aerogel, was developed. Utilizing an in situ chemical reduction strategy, Ag nanoparticles were densely assembled on porous aerogel structures, thus forming three-dimensional "hot spots" distribution with intrinsic large specific surface area and high porosity. These features can effectively enrich the analytes on the metal surface and provide huge near field enhancement. Highly sensitive and homogeneous SERS detections were achieved not only on the conventional liquid analytes but also on gas with the enhancement factor up to ∼108 and relative standard deviation as small as ∼13%. Robust calibration curves were obtained from the SERS data, which demonstrates the potential for the quantification analysis. Moreover, the powder shows extraordinary SERS stability than the conventional Ag nanostructures, which makes long term storage and convenient usage feasible. With all of these advantages, the porous SERS powder material can be extended to on-site SERS "nose" applications such as liquid and gas detections for chemical analysis, environmental monitoring, and anti-terrorism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longkun Yang
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Department of Physics, Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 P. R. China
| | - Zhifang Ren
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Department of Physics, Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Department of Physics, Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 P. R. China
| | - Yanli Song
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Department of Physics, Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 P. R. China
| | - Pan Li
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Department of Physics, Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 P. R. China
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology Beijing 100089 P. R. China
| | - Yun Qiu
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Department of Physics, Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 P. R. China
| | - Pingye Deng
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology Beijing 100089 P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Department of Physics, Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 P. R. China
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20
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Murugan E, Santhoshkumar S, Govindaraju S, Palanichamy M. Silver nanoparticles decorated g-C 3N 4: An efficient SERS substrate for monitoring catalytic reduction and selective Hg 2+ions detection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 246:119036. [PMID: 33070011 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride supported Ag NPs(AgNPs@g-C3N4) were synthesized by an in-situ chemical reduction using a green reducing agent, tannic acid. They were characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, XPS, XRD, FESEM, EDAX and HRTEM. They were very much SERS sensitive, and capable of detecting methylene blue and 4-aminothiophenol at 1 × 10-12 M and 1 × 10-10 M, respectively with the corresponding SERS enhancement factor of 1.4 × 108 and 4.7 × 107. Apart from its high SERS sensitivity, it exhibited high catalytic activity for the reduction of MB with NaBH4. So, their SERS activity and catalytic activity were combined successfully to monitor catalytic reduction of MB by SERS technique. Further, the SERS activity towards MB was also employed for the detection/quantification of free Hg2+ ions in aqueous solution. The SERS intensity of MB drastically decreased in the presence of Hg2+ ions, and hence it provides novel route to detect and quantify the latter. Presence of Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ions showed zero interference for it. So, this study proves that Ag NPs@g-C3N4 as a unique substrate for multiple SERS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Murugan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Science, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - S Santhoshkumar
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Science, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Govindaraju
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Science, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M Palanichamy
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Science, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamilnadu, India
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21
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Chowdhury E, Rahaman MS, Sathitsuksanoh N, Grapperhaus CA, O'Toole MG. DNA-induced assembly of gold nanoprisms and polystyrene beads into 3D plasmonic SERS substrates. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:025506. [PMID: 32987380 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abbc22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of nanoparticle-polymer bead hybrid nanostructures as a SERS substrate depends on the control of the deposition, density, and distribution of nanoparticles on the bead surface. Here we demonstrate the fabrication of a large area SERS substate via a two- step DNA mediated assembly of gold nanoprisms and polystyrene (PS) beads into a large ensemble of beads that are densely coated with nanoprisms. First, nanoprisms are loaded on PS beads through DNA hybridization. The close packed arrangement of anisotropic nanoprisms in different orientations on a bead surface results in a plasmonic substrate with a variable nanogap size ranging 1-20 nm. Nanoprisms-coated beads are then assembled into a large stack or aggregate of beads using a DNA-induced crystallization approach. Each aggregate consists of 20-50 nanoprisms-coated beads, leading to the formation a large area of three-dimensional SERS substrate with a high-density of hot spots for SERS enhancement. An excellent enhancement factor (EF) of [Formula: see text] and a very high detection sensitivity (up to 10-10 M) are observed for the analysis of a probe molecule (Methylene blue) using the SERS substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emtias Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Shahinur Rahaman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292, United States of America
| | - Noppadon Sathitsuksanoh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292, United States of America
| | - Craig A Grapperhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292, United States of America
| | - Martin G O'Toole
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292, United States of America
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22
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Danvirutai P, Ekpanyapong M, Tuantranont A, Bohez E, Anutrakulchai S, Wisitsoraat A, Srichan C. Ultra-sensitive and label-free neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin electrochemical sensor using gold nanoparticles decorated 3D Graphene foam towards acute kidney injury detection. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2020.100380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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23
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Raad SH, Atlasbaf Z, Zapata-Rodríguez CJ. Broadband absorption using all-graphene grating-coupled nanoparticles on a reflector. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19060. [PMID: 33149162 PMCID: PMC7643178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the hybridized localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) of a periodic assembly of graphene-wrapped nanoparticles are used to design a nanoparticle assisted optical absorber. Bandwidth enhancement of this structure via providing multiple types of plasmonic resonances in the associated unit cell using two densely packed crossly stacked graphene strips is proposed. The designed graphene strips support fundamental propagating surface plasmons on the ribbons, and gap plasmons in the cavity constructed by the adjacent sections. Graphene strips exhibit a hyperbolic dispersion region in the operating spectrum and assist in the bandwidth enhancement. Moreover, since the nanoparticles are deposited on the top strips, real-time biasing of them can be easily conducted by exciting the surface plasmons of the strip without the necessity to electrically connect the adjacent nanoparticles. The overall dynamic bandwidth of the structure, using a two-state biasing scheme, covers the frequencies of 18.16–40.47 THz with 90% efficiency. Due to the symmetry of the structure, the device performs similarly for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) waves and it has a high broadband absorption rate regarding different incident angles up to 40°. Due to the presence of 2D graphene material and also using hollow spherical particles, our proposed absorber is also lightweight and it is suitable for novel compact optoelectronic devices due to its sub-wavelength dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Hayati Raad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Atlasbaf
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Carlos J Zapata-Rodríguez
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Science, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
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24
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Zhao Q, Liu G, Zhang H, Cai W. Ordered gold-coated glass nano-sting array with large density tips as highly SERS-active chips for detection of trace organophosphorous toxicant. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:415301. [PMID: 32570227 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab9eda] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A simple and cost-effective route to fabricating gold-coated glass nano-stings' arrays is presented for highly efficient surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) chips via reactive ion etching of the glass slide covered with polystyrene (PS) colloidal monolayer and sputtering deposition of gold on it. The as-fabricated SERS chips consist of the nearly-hemispherical particles with submicron-size, which are hexagonally arranged into the ordered arrays. There are many short and long Au-coated glass nano-stings standing vertically on the hemispherical particles, showing high density tips (up to 7.0 × 103 μm-2). The formation of such gold-coated glass hierarchically structured array is attributed to the geometry of PS colloidal monolayer and the nanoscale roughness of glass slide's surface. Further, it has been demonstrated that such gold-coated glass array chip is highly SERS-active and can be utilized to detect trace organophosphorous toxicant with the limit below ppt level and good reproducibility in measurements. The intensity of the Raman peak shows the linear relation, in logarithmic scale, with the organophosphorous concentration from ppt to ppm level, exhibiting the possibility of quantitative detection in a large concentration range. This work has demonstrated the cost-effective method to fabricate the high performance SERS chips for trace detection of toxic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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25
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High-performance SERS detection of pesticides using BiOCl-BiOBr@Pt/Au hybrid nanostructures on styrofoams as 3D functional substrate. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:580. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Yagati AK, Ngoc Le HT, Cho S. Bioelectrocatalysis of Hemoglobin on Electrodeposited Ag Nanoflowers toward H 2O 2 Detection. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1628. [PMID: 32825146 PMCID: PMC7557759 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a partially reduced metabolite of oxygen that exerts a diverse array of physiological and pathological activities in living organisms. Therefore, the accurate quantitative determination of H2O2 is crucial in clinical diagnostics, the food industry, and environmental monitoring. Herein we report the electrosynthesis of silver nanoflowers (AgNFs) on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes for direct electron transfer of hemoglobin (Hb) toward the selective quantification of H2O2. After well-ordered and fully-grown AgNFs were created on an ITO substrate by electrodeposition, their morphological and optical properties were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Hb was immobilized on 3-mercaptopropionic acid-coated AgNFs through carbodiimide cross-linking to form an Hb/AgNF/ITO biosensor. Electrochemical measurement and analysis demonstrated that Hb retained its direct electron transfer and electrocatalytic properties and acted as a H2O2 sensor with a detection limit of 0.12 µM and a linear detection range of 0.2 to 3.4 mM in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The sensitivity, detection limit, and detection range of the Hb/AgNF/ITO biosensor toward detection H2O2 in human serum was also found to be 0.730 mA mM-1 cm-2, 90 µM, and 0.2 to 2.6 mM, indicating the clinical application for the H2O2 detection of the Hb/AgNF/ITO biosensor. Moreover, interference experiments revealed that the Hb/AgNF/ITO sensor displayed excellent selectivity for H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Yagati
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Hien T. Ngoc Le
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13210, Korea;
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13210, Korea;
- Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
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27
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Gomes PC, Rickard JJ, Goldberg Oppenheimer P. Electrofluidynamic Patterning of Tailorable Nanostructured Substrates for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2020; 3:6774-6784. [PMID: 32743351 PMCID: PMC7386576 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.0c01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The unique attributes of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) make it well suited to address the challenges associated with portable diagnostics. However, despite the remarkable progress in this field, where the instrumentation has made great strides forward providing a route to the miniaturization of sensing devices, to date producing three-dimensional low-cost SERS substrates which simultaneously fulfill the multitude of criteria of high sensitivity, reproducibility, tunability, multiplexity, and integratability for rapid sensing has not yet been accomplished. Successful implementation of SERS requires readily fine-tuned nanostructures, which create a high enhancement. Here, an advanced electrofluidynamic patterning (EFDP) technique enables rapid fabrication of SERS active topographic morphologies with high throughput and at a nanoresolution via the spatial and lateral modulation of the dielectric discontinuity due to the high electric field generated across the polymer nanofilm and air gap. The subsequent formation of displacement charges within the nanofilm by coupling to the electric field yield a destabilizing electrostatic pressure and amplification of EFDP instabilities enabling the controllable pattern formation. The top of each gold coated EFDP fabricated pillar generates controllable high SERS enhancement by coupling of surface plasmon modes on top of the pillar, with each nanostructure acting as an individual sensing unit. The absolute enhancement factor depends on the topology as well as the tunable dimensions of the nanostructured units, and these are optimized in the design and engineering of the dedicated EFDP apparatus for reproducible, low-cost fabrication of the three-dimensional nanoarchitectures on macrosurfaces, rendering them for easy integration in further lab-on-a-chip devices. This unique combination of nanomaterials and nanospectroscopic systems lay the platform for a variety of applications in chemical and biological sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo
De Carvalho Gomes
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Nanomaterials Structures and Applications
Laboratories, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | | | - Pola Goldberg Oppenheimer
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Nanomaterials Structures and Applications
Laboratories, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
- Healthcare
Technologies Institute, Institute of Translational
Medicine, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2TH, U.K.
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28
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Yu M, Liu S, Su D, Jiang S, Zhang G, Qin Y, Li MY. Controllable MXene nano-sheet/Au nanostructure architectures for the ultra-sensitive molecule Raman detection. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:22230-22236. [PMID: 31735944 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08340e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy aims to augment the relatively weak molecular vibrations based on electromagnetic enhancement (EE) and chemical enhancement (CE) mechanisms, and offers a potential way for material identification, even up to the single-molecule level, under atmospheric conditions. We have subtly combined the advantages of EE and CE, and propose new MXene (Ti3C2TX) nano-sheet/Au nanostructure architectures to break through the limitations of the Raman detection with long-time stability. The MXene nanosheets with excellent biocompatibility can effectively prevent structural distortion from the interaction with the Au NSs, and can also guarantee a high enhancement effect owing to the spatially extended electromagnetic field distribution and electron injection into the molecules. The self-assembled Au nanostructures are aggregated based on the Volmer-Weber growth model, and the electromagnetic field distribution radically evolves depending on the morphologies of the resultant Au nanostructures, leading to a drastic compensation for the limited EE of the MXene nano-sheets. Consequently, the intensified Raman vibrational signals of R6G molecules lead to a high enhancement factor of 2.9 × 107, even at an ultra-low concentration of 10-10 M. Similarly, the Raman signals of the methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) molecules can also be detected at low concentrations below 10-8 M, manifesting universal applications of the MXene/Au architectures for ultra-sensitive molecular detection under atmospheric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muni Yu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory of Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
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29
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Kumar A, Sharma R, Sharma AK, Agarwal A. A cost-effective identification of tobacco alkaloids using porous Si SERS substrates for forensic and bioanalytical applications. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-1539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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30
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Nisticò R, Rivolo P, Novara C, Giorgis F. New branched flower-like Ag nanostructures for SERS analysis. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Phan-Quang GC, Han X, Koh CSL, Sim HYF, Lay CL, Leong SX, Lee YH, Pazos-Perez N, Alvarez-Puebla RA, Ling XY. Three-Dimensional Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Platforms: Large-Scale Plasmonic Hotspots for New Applications in Sensing, Microreaction, and Data Storage. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:1844-1854. [PMID: 31180637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a molecular-specific spectroscopic technique that provides up to 1010-fold enhancement of signature Raman fingerprints using nanometer-scale 0D to 2D platforms. Over the past decades, 3D SERS platforms with additional plasmonic materials in the z-axis have been fabricated at sub-micrometer to centimeter scale, achieving higher hotspot density in all x, y, and z spatial directions and higher tolerance to laser misalignment. Moreover, the flexibility to construct platforms in arbitrary sizes and 3D shapes creates attractive applications besides traditional SERS sensing. In this Account, we introduce our library of substrate-based and substrate-less 3D plasmonic platforms, with an emphasis on their non-sensing applications as microlaboratories and data storage labels. We aim to provide a scientific synopsis on these high-potential yet currently overlooked applications of SERS and ignite new scientific discoveries and technology development in 3D SERS platforms to tackle real-world issues. One highlight of our substrate-based SERS platforms is multilayered platforms built from micrometer-thick assemblies of plasmonic particles, which can achieve up to 1011 enhancement factor. As an alternative, constructing 3D hotspots on non-plasmonic supports significantly reduces waste of plasmonic materials while allowing high flexibility in structural design. We then introduce our emerging substrate-less plasmonic capsules including liquid marbles and colloidosomes, which we further incorporate the latter within an aerosol to form centimeter-scale SERS-active plasmonic cloud, the world's largest 3D SERS platform to date. We then discuss the various emerging applications arising only from these 3D platforms, in the fields of sensing, microreactions, and data storage. An important novel sensing application is the stand-off detection of airborne analytes that are several meters away, made feasible with aerosolized plasmonic clouds. We also describe plasmonic capsules as excellent miniature lab-in-droplets that can simultaneously provide in situ monitoring at the molecular level during reaction, owing to their ultrasensitive 3D plasmonic shells. We highlight the emergence of 3D SERS-based data storage platforms with 10-100-fold higher storage density than 2D platforms, featuring a new approach in the development of level 3 security (L3S) anti-counterfeiting labels. Ultimately, we recognize that 3D SERS research can only be developed further when its sensing capabilities are concurrently strengthened. With this vision, we foresee the creation of highly applicable 3D SERS platforms that excel in both sensing and non-sensing areas, providing modern solutions in the ongoing Fourth Industrial Revolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gia Chuong Phan-Quang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Xuemei Han
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Charlynn Sher Lin Koh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Howard Yi Fan Sim
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Chee Leng Lay
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634 Singapore
| | - Shi Xuan Leong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Yih Hong Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Nicolas Pazos-Perez
- Department of Physical Chemistry and EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer de Marcellí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ramon A. Alvarez-Puebla
- Department of Physical Chemistry and EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer de Marcellí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xing Yi Ling
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
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32
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Banbury C, Rickard JJ, Mahajan S, Goldberg Oppenheimer P. Tuneable Metamaterial-like Platforms for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering via Three-Dimensional Block Co-polymer-Based Nanoarchitectures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:14437-14444. [PMID: 30880378 PMCID: PMC6478369 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) pushes past the boundaries and inherent weaknesses of Raman spectroscopy, with a great potential for a broad range of applications particularly, for sensing. Yet, current real world applications are limited due to poor reproducibility, low-throughput, and stability issues. Here, we present the design and fabrication of self-assembly guided structures based on adjustable block co-polymer (BCP) nanomorphologies and demonstrate reproducible SERS enhancement across large areas. Golden three-dimensional (3D) nanostructured morphologies with controllable dimensions and morphologies exhibit high chemical stability, enhanced plasmonic properties and are highly suitable for SERS substrates due to the strong enhancement of the electromagnetic field. Adjustable, free standing porous nanostructures, continuous in 3D space are achieved by removal of selected BCP constituents. Four BCP morphologies and the corresponding achievable enhancement factors are investigated at 633 and 785 nm excitation wavelengths. The choice of excitation laser is shown to greatly affect the observed signal enhancement, highlighting the sensitivity of the technique to the underlying surface architecture and length scales. By using BCP assemblies, it is possible to reliably tune these parameters to match specific applications, thus bridging the gap toward the realization of applied metamaterials. The fabricated SERS platforms via three-dimensional block co-polymer-based nanoarchitectures provide a recipe for intelligent engineering and design of optimized SERS-active substrates for utilization in the Raman spectroscopy-based devices toward enabling the next-generation technologies fulfilling a multitude of criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Banbury
- School
of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Jonathan James
Stanley Rickard
- School
of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Sumeet Mahajan
- Department
of Chemistry and the Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Pola Goldberg Oppenheimer
- School
of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
- E-mail:
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33
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Okeil S, Schneider JJ. Controlling surface morphology and sensitivity of granular and porous silver films for surface-enhanced Raman scattering, SERS. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:2813-2831. [PMID: 30498654 PMCID: PMC6244324 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The design of efficient substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for large-scale fabrication at low cost is an important issue in further enhancing the use of SERS for routine chemical analysis. Here, we systematically investigate the effect of different radio frequency (rf) plasmas (argon, hydrogen, nitrogen, air and oxygen plasma) as well as combinations of these plasmas on the surface morphology of thin silver films. It was found that different surface structures and different degrees of surface roughness could be obtained by a systematic variation of the plasma type and condition as well as plasma power and treatment time. The differently roughened silver surfaces act as efficient SERS substrates showing greater enhancement factors compared to as prepared, sputtered, but untreated silver films when using rhodamine B as Raman probe molecule. The obtained roughened silver films were fully characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron (XPS and Auger) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) as well as contact angle measurements. It was found that different morphologies of the roughened Ag films could be obtained under controlled conditions. These silver films show a broad range of tunable SERS enhancement factors ranging from 1.93 × 102 to 2.35 × 105 using rhodamine B as probe molecule. The main factors that control the enhancement are the plasma gas used and the plasma conditions, i.e., pressure, power and treatment time. Altogether this work shows for the first time the effectiveness of a plasma treatment for surface roughening of silver thin films and its profound influence on the interface-controlled SERS enhancement effect. The method can be used for low-cost, large-scale production of SERS substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Okeil
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jörg J Schneider
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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34
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Chawla M, Kumari A, Siril PF. Exceptional Catalytic Activities and Sensing Performance of Palladium Decorated Anisotropic Gold Nanoparticles. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Chawla
- Advanced Materials Research Centre and School of Basic Science; Indian Institute of Technology Mandi; Mandi-175005, Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Anu Kumari
- Advanced Materials Research Centre and School of Basic Science; Indian Institute of Technology Mandi; Mandi-175005, Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Prem Felix Siril
- Advanced Materials Research Centre and School of Basic Science; Indian Institute of Technology Mandi; Mandi-175005, Himachal Pradesh India
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35
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He W, Sun X, Weng W, Liu B. Fluorescence enhancement of carbon dots by graphene for highly sensitive detection of tetracycline hydrochloride. RSC Adv 2018; 8:26212-26217. [PMID: 35541980 PMCID: PMC9083185 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04581j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, fluorescence of self-assembled multilayers (SAMs) of carbon dots (CDs) was found to be enhanced by graphene. The number of polyelectrolyte layers can be tuned to control the distance between CDs and graphene in SAMs. The enhanced fluorescence efficiency was found to be dependent on graphene concentration, degree of graphene reduction, and the distance between CDs and graphene surface. When graphene concentration and polyelectrolyte bilayer number were set to 0.005 mg mL-1 and 3 layers, respectively, fluorescence intensity of CDs could be increased up to 3.2 times. Tetracycline hydrochloride (Tc) could be detected by the established SAMs in the presence of graphene as the sensitivity was 2 orders higher than that of SAMs in the absence of graphene. Limit of detection of this sensing system was 0.9284 nM, which is 1-3 orders of magnitude lower than those of most of reported fluorescence sensors. This method could be successfully applied to detect trace Tc in milk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Designing and Green Conversions (Fujian University) Xiamen 361021 China +86-592-6160088 +86-592-6162231
| | - Xiangying Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Designing and Green Conversions (Fujian University) Xiamen 361021 China +86-592-6160088 +86-592-6162231
| | - Wenting Weng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Designing and Green Conversions (Fujian University) Xiamen 361021 China +86-592-6160088 +86-592-6162231
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Designing and Green Conversions (Fujian University) Xiamen 361021 China +86-592-6160088 +86-592-6162231
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36
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Nguyen CQ, Thrift WJ, Bhattacharjee A, Ranjbar S, Gallagher T, Darvishzadeh-Varcheie M, Sanderson RN, Capolino F, Whiteson K, Baldi P, Hochbaum AI, Ragan R. Longitudinal Monitoring of Biofilm Formation via Robust Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Quantification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Produced Metabolites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:12364-12373. [PMID: 29589446 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Detection of bacterial metabolites at low concentrations in fluids with complex background allows for applications ranging from detecting biomarkers of respiratory infections to identifying contaminated medical instruments. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy, when utilizing plasmonic nanogaps, has the relatively unique capacity to reach trace molecular detection limits in a label-free format, yet large-area device fabrication incorporating nanogaps with this level of performance has proven difficult. Here, we demonstrate the advantages of using chemical assembly to fabricate SERS surfaces with controlled nanometer gap spacings between plasmonic nanospheres. Control of nanogap spacings via the length of the chemical crosslinker provides uniform SERS signals, exhibiting detection of pyocyanin, a secondary metabolite of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in aqueous media at concentration of 100 pg·mL-1. When using machine learning algorithms to analyze the SERS data of the conditioned medium from a bacterial culture, having a more complex background, we achieve 1 ng·mL-1 limit of detection of pyocyanin and robust quantification of concentration spanning 5 orders of magnitude. Nanogaps are also incorporated in an in-line microfluidic device, enabling longitudinal monitoring of P. aeruginosa biofilm formation via rapid pyocyanin detection in a medium effluent as early as 3 h after inoculation and quantification in under 9 h. Surface-attached bacteria exposed to a bactericidal antibiotic were differentially less susceptible after 10 h of growth, indicating that these devices may be useful for early intervention of bacterial infections.
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Dyakonov P, Mironovich K, Svyakhovskiy S, Voloshina O, Dagesyan S, Panchishin A, Suetin N, Bagratashvili V, Timashev P, Shirshin E, Evlashin S. Carbon nanowalls as a platform for biological SERS studies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13352. [PMID: 29042638 PMCID: PMC5645332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report about developing new type of Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) substrates based on Au-decorated carbon nanowalls. The designed substrates possess high specific surface area and high sensitivity. Chemical stability of Au perfectly blends with electrical properties and high value of specific surface area of carbon nanowalls. Created structures were applied to detect signals of a typical molecule used for SERS substrates testing, rhodamine 6G, which exhibits electronic absorption in the visible area of spectrum, and biomacromolecules such as tryptophan, guanine, bovine serum albumin and keratin hydrolysates, whose electronic absorption is in the ultraviolet region of spectrum and lies far from the Au plasmonic resonance. The obtained signals for these compounds suggest that the developed substrate is a prominent platform for the detection of biological macromolecules. The properties of the substrate, including its morphology and Au film thickness, as well as the analyte deposition method, were optimized to achieve the optimum Raman signal enhancement. Electric field distribution in the designed structures was calculated to describe the observed dependence of SERS activity on the substrate morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Dyakonov
- D. V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Kirill Mironovich
- D. V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey Svyakhovskiy
- Department of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Olga Voloshina
- Department of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Sarkis Dagesyan
- Department of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey Panchishin
- Department of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Nikolay Suetin
- D. V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Victor Bagratashvili
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Research center "Crystallography and Photonics", RAS, 2 Pionerskaya st., Troitsk, Moscow, 142190, Russia
| | - Petr Timashev
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Research center "Crystallography and Photonics", RAS, 2 Pionerskaya st., Troitsk, Moscow, 142190, Russia.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya st., Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Evgeny Shirshin
- Department of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Stanislav Evlashin
- Center for Design, Manufacturing and Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobel Street, Moscow, 143026, Russia
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38
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Singh N, Prakash J, Misra M, Sharma A, Gupta RK. Dual Functional Ta-Doped Electrospun TiO 2 Nanofibers with Enhanced Photocatalysis and SERS Detection for Organic Compounds. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:28495-28507. [PMID: 28776975 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in multifunctional nanomaterials for the detection as well as degradation of organic contaminants in the water. In this work, we report on the development of dual functional TiO2 nanofibers (TNF) with different tantalum (Ta) doping (1-10 mol %) by a simple electrospinning technique. As-prepared TNF show mesoporous dominant structure, which are favorable for photocatalytic activity due to the presence of catalytic spots. Ta doping decreases the crystalline size within TiO2 matrix because of the incorporation of Ta5+ ions and restricts the phase transformation from anatase to rutile. Ta doping slightly enhances the visible light absorption because of the Ti3+ defects sites created upon Ta5+ doping. The effect of Ta doping within TiO2 matrix was systematically studied for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under ultraviolet (UV) and solar light irradiation. The 5% Ta-doped TNF were found to be optimal and showed 5.1 and 2.2 times higher photocatalytic activity as compared to TNF under UV and solar light irradiation, respectively. The effect of Ta doping for the detection of MB molecules was also studied by surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). It was observed that 5% Ta-doped TNF exhibit higher photocatalytic activity and enhanced SERS signals of adsorbed MB molecules as compared to the TNF. The enhanced photocatalytic and SERS activities can be explained as combined effects of enhanced visible light absorption, lower crystalline size, and slightly higher surface area. The observed results show that Ta doping induces new energy levels below the conduction band of TiO2 because of Ti3+ defects, which inhibit the photogenerated charge recombination acting as electron traps and promote charge transfer mechanism acting as an intermediate state for TiO2 to MB molecule electron transfer, and are mainly responsible for the enhanced photocatalytic and SERS activities, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State , Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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39
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Reyer A, Prinz A, Giancristofaro S, Schneider J, Bertoldo Menezes D, Zickler G, Bourret GR, Musso ME. Investigation of Mass-Produced Substrates for Reproducible Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Measurements over Large Areas. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:25445-25454. [PMID: 28737921 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a versatile spectroscopic technique that suffers from reproducibility issues and usually requires complex substrate fabrication processes. In this article, we report the use of a simple mass production technology based on Blu-ray disc manufacturing technology to prepare large area SERS substrates (∼40 mm2) with a high degree of homogeneity (±7% variation in Raman signal) and enhancement factor of ∼6 × 106. An industrial high throughput injection molding process was used to generate periodic microstructured polymer substrates coated with a thin Ag film. A short chemical etching step produces a highly dense layer of Ag nanoparticles at the polymer surface, which leads to a large and reproducible Raman signal. Finite difference time domain simulations and cathodoluminescence mapping experiments suggest that the sample microstructure is responsible for the generation of SERS active nanostructures around the microwells. Comparison with commercial SERS substrates demonstrates the validity of our method to prepare cost-efficient, reliable, and sensitive SERS substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Reyer
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg , Jakob-Haringer-Strasse 2a, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Adrian Prinz
- STRATEC Consumables GmbH, Sonystrasse 20, 5081 Anif/Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Johannes Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg , Jakob-Haringer-Strasse 2a, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Durval Bertoldo Menezes
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg , Jakob-Haringer-Strasse 2a, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Federal Institute of Triângulo Mineiro, Doutor Randolfo Borges Júnior , 2900, Univerdecidade, 38064-300 Uberaba, Minas Gerias, Brazil
| | - Gregor Zickler
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg , Jakob-Haringer-Strasse 2a, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gilles R Bourret
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg , Jakob-Haringer-Strasse 2a, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Maurizio E Musso
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg , Jakob-Haringer-Strasse 2a, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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40
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Xu Y, Yang C, Wang M, Pan X, Zhang C, Liu M, Xu S, Jiang S, Man B. Adsorbable and self-supported 3D AgNPs/G@Ni foam as cut-and-paste highly-sensitive SERS substrates for rapid in situ detection of residuum. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:16437-16451. [PMID: 28789148 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.016437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have proposed a synthetic approach to produce self-supported and bendable surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based 3D chemical sensors with high adsorptivity. Such 3D substrates consist of foam-like graphene macrostructures obtained by template-directed chemical vapour deposition on nickel foams (interconnected 3D scaffold of nickel) and uniform and high-density Ag nanoparticles wrapping around the foam graphene, via seed-mediated in situ growth process. Such 3D AgNPs/G@Ni foam substrates show high-quality SERS performance in terms of Raman signal reproducibility and sensitivity for the analyte, resulting from the high density and homogeneity of "hot spots" on AgNPs/G@Ni foam, multiple cascaded amplication (localized surface plasmon mode and optical standing waves or optical refraction) of incident laser to the 3D foam structures and powerful support from nickel scaffold. Moreover, in virtue of the high adsorptivity and sensitivity of AgNPs/G@Ni foam, the low-concentration crystal violet molecules can be easily traced in the curvilinear fish surface, by simply swabbing the surface to achieve molecules concentration effect in the practical applicability. This work shows promising potential in developing the applications of SERS in the foodstuffs processing and security field.
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