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Jaiswal S, Singh B, Dhingra I, Joshi A, Kodgire P. Bioremediation and bioscavenging for elimination of organophosphorus threats: An approach using enzymatic advancements. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118888. [PMID: 38599448 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OP) are highly toxic pesticides and nerve agents widely used in agriculture and chemical warfare. The extensive use of these chemicals has severe environmental implications, such as contamination of soil, water bodies, and food chains, thus endangering ecosystems and biodiversity. Plants absorb pesticide residues, which then enter the food chain and accumulate in the body fat of both humans and animals. Numerous human cases of OP poisoning have been linked to both acute and long-term exposure to these toxic OP compounds. These compounds inhibit the action of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) by phosphorylation, which prevents the breakdown of acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter into choline and acetate. Thus, it becomes vital to cleanse the environment from these chemicals utilizing various physical, chemical, and biological methods. Biological methods encompassing bioremediation using immobilized microbes and enzymes have emerged as environment-friendly and cost-effective approaches for pesticide removal. Cell/enzyme immobilized systems offer higher stability, reusability, and ease of product recovery, making them ideal tools for OP bioremediation. Interestingly, enzymatic bioscavengers (stoichiometric, pseudo-catalytic, and catalytic) play a vital role in detoxifying pesticides from the human body. Catalytic bioscavenging enzymes such as Organophosphate Hydrolase, Organophosphorus acid anhydrolase, and Paraoxonase 1 show high degradation efficiency within the animal body as well as in the environment. Moreover, these enzymes can also be employed to decontaminate pesticides from food, ensuring food safety and thus minimizing human exposure. This review aims to provide insights to potential collaborators in research organizations, government bodies, and industries to bring advancements in the field of bioremediation and bioscavenging technologies for the mitigation of OP-induced health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Jaiswal
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Brijeshwar Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Isha Dhingra
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Abhijeet Joshi
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552, India.
| | - Prashant Kodgire
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552, India.
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2
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Johnston EL, Guy-Von Stieglitz S, Zavan L, Cross J, Greening DW, Hill AF, Kaparakis-Liaskos M. The effect of altered pH growth conditions on the production, composition, and proteomes of Helicobacter pylori outer membrane vesicles. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300269. [PMID: 37991474 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that contain cargo derived from their parent bacteria. Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative human pathogen that produces urease to increase the pH of the surrounding environment to facilitate colonization of the gastric mucosa. However, the effect of acidic growth conditions on the production and composition of H. pylori OMVs is unknown. In this study, we examined the production, composition, and proteome of H. pylori OMVs produced during acidic and neutral pH growth conditions. H. pylori growth in acidic conditions reduced the quantity and size of OMVs produced. Additionally, OMVs produced during acidic growth conditions had increased protein, DNA, and RNA cargo compared to OMVs produced during neutral conditions. Proteomic analysis comparing the proteomes of OMVs to their parent bacteria demonstrated significant differences in the enrichment of beta-lactamases and outer membrane proteins between bacteria and OMVs, supporting that differing growth conditions impacts OMV composition. We also identified differences in the enrichment of proteins between OMVs produced during different pH growth conditions. Overall, our findings reveal that growth of H. pylori at different pH levels is a factor that alters OMV proteomes, which may affect their subsequent functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella L Johnston
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Sebastian Guy-Von Stieglitz
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Lauren Zavan
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Jonathon Cross
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew F Hill
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
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3
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Cong Z, Li Y, Xie L, Chen Q, Tang M, Thongpon P, Jiao Y, Wu S. Engineered Microrobots for Targeted Delivery of Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMV) in Thrombus Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400847. [PMID: 38801399 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In the realm of thrombosis treatment, bioengineered outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) offer a novel and promising approach, as they have rich content of bacterial-derived components. This study centers on OMVs derived from Escherichia coli BL21 cells, innovatively engineered to encapsulate the staphylokinase-hirudin fusion protein (SFH). SFH synergizes the properties of staphylokinase (SAK) and hirudin (HV) to enhance thrombolytic efficiency while reducing the risks associated with re-embolization and bleeding. Building on this foundation, this study introduces two cutting-edge microrobotic platforms: SFH-OMV@H for venous thromboembolism (VTE) treatment, and SFH-OMV@MΦ, designed specifically for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) therapy. These platforms have demonstrated significant efficacy in dissolving thrombi, with SFH-OMV@H showcasing precise vascular navigation and SFH-OMV@MΦ effectively targeting cerebral thrombi. The study shows that the integration of these bioengineered OMVs and microrobotic systems marks a significant advancement in thrombosis treatment, underlining their potential to revolutionize personalized medical approaches to complex health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Cong
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
- South China Hospital, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, P. R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, 95817, USA
| | - Yangyang Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
| | - Leiming Xie
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
| | - Qiwei Chen
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
| | - Menghuan Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, 95817, USA
| | - Phonpilas Thongpon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, 95817, USA
| | - Yanxiao Jiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, 95817, USA
| | - Song Wu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China
- South China Hospital, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, P. R. China
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4
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Shkair L, Sharma D, Hamza S, Garanina E, Shakirova V, Khaertynova I, Markelova M, Pavelkina V, Rizvanov A, Khaiboullina S, Baranwal M, Martynova E. Cross-reactivity of hantavirus antibodies after immunization with PUUV antigens. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024. [PMID: 38779849 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Nephropathia epidemica (NE), caused by Puumala (PUUV) orthohantavirus, is endemic in the Republic of Tatarstan (RT). There are limited options for NE prevention in RT. Currently, available vaccines are made using Haantan (HNTV) orthohantavirus antigens. In this study, the efficacy of microvesicles (MVs) loaded with PUUV antigens to induce the humoral immune response in small mammals was analyzed. Additionally, the cross-reactivity of serum from immunized small mammals and NE patients with HNTV, Dobrava, and Andes orthohantaviruses was investigated using nucleocapsid (N) protein peptide libraries. Finally, the selected peptides were analyzed for allergenicity, their ability to induce an autoimmune response, and their interaction with Class II HLA. Several N protein peptides were found to be cross-reactive with serum from MVs immunized small mammals. These cross-reactive epitopes were located in oligomerization perinuclear targeting and Daxx-interacting domains. Most cross-reactive peptides lack allergenic and autoimmune reactivity. Molecular docking revealed two cross-reacting peptides, N6 and N19, to have good binding with three Class II HLA alleles. These peptides could be candidates for developing vaccines and therapeutics for NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layaly Shkair
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Diksha Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Shaimaa Hamza
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Garanina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Venara Shakirova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
| | - Ilsiyar Khaertynova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
| | - Maria Markelova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Vera Pavelkina
- Infectious Diseases Department, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Svetlana Khaiboullina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Manoj Baranwal
- Infectious Diseases Department, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Martynova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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5
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Gasser MT, Liu A, Altamia M, Brensinger BR, Brewer SL, Flatau R, Hancock ER, Preheim SP, Filone CM, Distel DL. Outer membrane vesicles can contribute to cellulose degradation in Teredinibacter turnerae, a cultivable intracellular endosymbiont of shipworms. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.27.587001. [PMID: 38585906 PMCID: PMC10996688 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.27.587001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Teredinibacter turnerae is a cultivable cellulolytic Gammaproeteobacterium (Cellvibrionaceae) that commonly occurs as an intracellular endosymbiont in the gills of wood-eating bivalves of the family Teredinidae (shipworms). The genome of T. turnerae encodes a broad range of enzymes that deconstruct cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin and contribute to lignocellulose digestion in the shipworm gut. However, the mechanism by which symbiont-made enzymes are secreted by T. turnerae and subsequently transported to the site of lignocellulose digestion in the shipworm gut is incompletely understood. Here, we show that T. turnerae cultures grown on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that contain a variety of proteins identified by LC-MS/MS as carbohydrate-active enzymes with predicted activities against cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. Reducing sugar assays and zymography confirm that these OMVs retain cellulolytic activity, as evidenced by hydrolysis of CMC. Additionally, these OMVs were enriched with TonB-dependent receptors, which are essential to carbohydrate and iron acquisition by free-living bacteria. These observations suggest potential roles for OMVs in lignocellulose utilization by T. turnerae in the free-living state, in enzyme transport and host interaction during symbiotic association, and in commercial applications such as lignocellulosic biomass conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T. Gasser
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA 20723
| | - Annie Liu
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA 20723
| | - Marvin Altamia
- Ocean Genome Legacy Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts, USA 01908
| | - Bryan R. Brensinger
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA 20723
| | - Sarah L. Brewer
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA 20723
| | - Ron Flatau
- Ocean Genome Legacy Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts, USA 01908
| | - Eric R. Hancock
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA 20723
| | | | - Claire Marie Filone
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA 20723
| | - Dan L. Distel
- Ocean Genome Legacy Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts, USA 01908
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6
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Mobarak H, Javid F, Narmi MT, Mardi N, Sadeghsoltani F, Khanicheragh P, Narimani S, Mahdipour M, Sokullu E, Valioglu F, Rahbarghazi R. Prokaryotic microvesicles Ortholog of eukaryotic extracellular vesicles in biomedical fields. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:80. [PMID: 38291458 PMCID: PMC10826215 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Every single cell can communicate with other cells in a paracrine manner via the production of nano-sized extracellular vesicles. This phenomenon is conserved between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotic cells, exosomes (Exos) are the main inter-cellular bioshuttles with the potential to carry different signaling molecules. Likewise, bacteria can produce and release Exo-like particles, namely microvesicles (MVs) into the extracellular matrix. Bacterial MVs function with diverse biological properties and are at the center of attention due to their inherent therapeutic properties. Here, in this review article, the comparable biological properties between the eukaryotic Exos and bacterial MVs were highlighted in terms of biomedical application. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halimeh Mobarak
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzin Javid
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Taghavi Narmi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Narges Mardi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadeghsoltani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Khanicheragh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Narimani
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahdipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Emel Sokullu
- Biophysics Department, Koç University School of Medicine, Rumeli Feneri, 34450, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ferzane Valioglu
- Technology Development Zones Management CO, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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7
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Ahmed AAQ, McKay TJM. Environmental and ecological importance of bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168098. [PMID: 37884154 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are unique structures released by the cells of all life forms. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) were found in various ecosystems and natural habitats. They are associated with bacterial-bacterial interactions as well as host-bacterial interactions in the environment. Moreover, BEVs facilitate bacterial adaptation to a variety of environmental conditions. BEVs were found to be abundant in the environment, and therefore they can regulate a broad range of environmental processes. In the environment, BEVs can serve as tools for cell-to-cell interaction, secreting mechanism of unwanted materials, transportation, genetic materials exchange and storage, defense and protection, growth support, electron transfer, and cell-surface interplay regulation. Thus, BEVs have a great potential to be used in a variety of environmental applications such as serving as bioremediating reagents for environmental disaster mitigation as well as removing problematic biofilms and waste treatment. This research area needs to be investigated further to disclose the full environmental and ecological importance of BEVs as well as to investigate how to harness BEVs as effective tools in a variety of environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Ahmed Qaed Ahmed
- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Ecological and Human Sustainability, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, Florida, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa.
| | - Tracey Jill Morton McKay
- Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Ecological and Human Sustainability, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, Florida, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
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8
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Zheng K, Feng Y, Li L, Kong F, Gao J, Kong X. Engineered bacterial outer membrane vesicles: a versatile bacteria-based weapon against gastrointestinal tumors. Theranostics 2024; 14:761-787. [PMID: 38169585 PMCID: PMC10758051 DOI: 10.7150/thno.85917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nanoscale lipid bilayer structures released by gram-negative bacteria. They share membrane composition and properties with their originating cells, making them adept at traversing cellular barriers. These OMVs have demonstrated exceptional membrane stability, immunogenicity, safety, penetration, and tumor-targeting properties, which have been leveraged in developing vaccines and drug delivery systems. Recent research efforts have focused on engineering OMVs to increase production yield, reduce cytotoxicity, and improve the safety and efficacy of treatment. Notably, gastrointestinal (GI) tumors have proven resistant to several traditional oncological treatment strategies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in some patients, their usage as monotherapy remains limited by tumor heterogeneity and individual variability. The immunogenic and modifiable nature of OMVs makes them an ideal design platform for the individualized treatment of GI tumors. OMV-based therapy enables combination therapy and optimization of anti-tumor effects. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in OMV engineering for GI tumor therapy and discusses the challenges in the clinical translation of emerging OMV-based anti-tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshuang Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongpu Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanyang Kong
- National Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- National Key Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Thakur M, Dean SN, Caruana JC, Walper SA, Ellis GA. Bacterial Membrane Vesicles for In Vitro Catalysis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1099. [PMID: 37760201 PMCID: PMC10525882 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10091099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biological systems in manufacturing and medical applications has seen a dramatic rise in recent years as scientists and engineers have gained a greater understanding of both the strengths and limitations of biological systems. Biomanufacturing, or the use of biology for the production of biomolecules, chemical precursors, and others, is one particular area on the rise as enzymatic systems have been shown to be highly advantageous in limiting the need for harsh chemical processes and the formation of toxic products. Unfortunately, biological production of some products can be limited due to their toxic nature or reduced reaction efficiency due to competing metabolic pathways. In nature, microbes often secrete enzymes directly into the environment or encapsulate them within membrane vesicles to allow catalysis to occur outside the cell for the purpose of environmental conditioning, nutrient acquisition, or community interactions. Of particular interest to biotechnology applications, researchers have shown that membrane vesicle encapsulation often confers improved stability, solvent tolerance, and other benefits that are highly conducive to industrial manufacturing practices. While still an emerging field, this review will provide an introduction to biocatalysis and bacterial membrane vesicles, highlight the use of vesicles in catalytic processes in nature, describe successes of engineering vesicle/enzyme systems for biocatalysis, and end with a perspective on future directions, using selected examples to illustrate these systems' potential as an enabling tool for biotechnology and biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Thakur
- College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Scott N. Dean
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Julie C. Caruana
- American Society for Engineering Education, Washington, DC 20036, USA
| | - Scott A. Walper
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Gregory A. Ellis
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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10
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Gan Y, Zhao G, Wang Z, Zhang X, Wu MX, Lu M. Bacterial Membrane Vesicles: Physiological Roles, Infection Immunology, and Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301357. [PMID: 37357142 PMCID: PMC10477901 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial or fungal membrane vesicles, traditionally considered as microbial metabolic wastes, are secreted mainly from the outer membrane or cell membrane of microorganisms. However, recent studies have shown that these vesicles play essential roles in direct or indirect communications among microorganisms and between microorganisms and hosts. This review aims to provide an updated understanding of the physiological functions and emerging applications of bacterial membrane vesicles, with a focus on their biogenesis, mechanisms of adsorption and invasion into host cells, immune stimulatory effects, and roles in the much-concerned problem of bacterial resistance. Additionally, the potential applications of these vesicles as biomarkers, vaccine candidates, and drug delivery platforms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Gan
- Department of Transfusion MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200040P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint DiseasesShanghai Institute of Traumatology and OrthopaedicsRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Department of Transfusion MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200040P. R. China
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA02138USA
| | - Mei X. Wu
- Wellman Center for PhotomedicineMassachusetts General HospitalDepartment of DermatologyHarvard Medical School, 50 Blossom StreetBostonMA02114USA
| | - Min Lu
- Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint DiseasesShanghai Institute of Traumatology and OrthopaedicsRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200240P. R. China
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11
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Grahl MVC, Andrade BDS, Perin APA, Neves GA, Duarte LDS, Uberti AF, Hohl KS, Follmer C, Carlini CR. Could the Urease of the Gut Bacterium Proteus mirabilis Play a Role in the Altered Gut-Brain Talk Associated with Parkinson's Disease? Microorganisms 2023; 11:2042. [PMID: 37630602 PMCID: PMC10459573 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal dysbiosis seems to play a role in neurodegenerative pathologies. Parkinson's disease (PD) patients have an altered gut microbiota. Moreover, mice treated orally with the gut microbe Proteus mirabilis developed Parkinson's-like symptoms. Here, the possible involvement of P. mirabilis urease (PMU) and its B subunit (PmUreβ) in the pathogenesis of PD was assessed. Purified proteins were given to mice intraperitoneally (20 μg/animal/day) for one week. Behavioral tests were conducted, and brain homogenates of the treated animals were subjected to immunoassays. After treatment with PMU, the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were measured in Caco2 cells and cellular permeability was assayed in Hek 293. The proteins were incubated in vitro with α-synuclein and examined via transmission electron microscopy. Our results showed that PMU treatment induced depressive-like behavior in mice. No motor deficits were observed. The brain homogenates had an increased content of caspase-9, while the levels of α-synuclein and tyrosine hydroxylase decreased. PMU increased the pro-inflammatory cytokines and altered the cellular permeability in cultured cells. The urease, but not the PmUreβ, altered the morphology of α-synuclein aggregates in vitro, forming fragmented aggregates. We concluded that PMU promotes pro-inflammatory effects in cultured cells. In vivo, PMU induces neuroinflammation and a depressive-like phenotype compatible with the first stages of PD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus V. C. Grahl
- Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences and Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil; (M.V.C.G.); (A.F.U.)
- School of Health Sciences, University Center Ritter dos Reis, Porto Alegre 90840-440, RS, Brazil
| | - Brenda da Silva Andrade
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21944-590, RJ, Brazil; (B.d.S.A.); (G.A.N.); (L.d.S.D.)
| | - Ana Paula A. Perin
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil;
| | - Gilda A. Neves
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21944-590, RJ, Brazil; (B.d.S.A.); (G.A.N.); (L.d.S.D.)
| | - Laura de Souza Duarte
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21944-590, RJ, Brazil; (B.d.S.A.); (G.A.N.); (L.d.S.D.)
| | - Augusto Frantz Uberti
- Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences and Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, RS, Brazil; (M.V.C.G.); (A.F.U.)
| | - Kelvin Siqueira Hohl
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences—Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil;
| | - Cristian Follmer
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Physical-Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Celia Regina Carlini
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Brain Diseases, Excitotoxity and Neuroprotection (INCT-EN), Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil
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12
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Vázquez ME, Mesías AC, Acuña L, Spangler J, Zabala B, Parodi C, Thakur M, Oh E, Walper SA, Brandán CP. Exploring the performance of Escherichia coli outer membrane vesicles as a tool for vaccine development against Chagas disease. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2023; 118:e220263. [PMID: 37222309 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760220263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine development is a laborious craftwork in which at least two main components must be defined: a highly immunogenic antigen and a suitable delivery method. Hence, the interplay of these elements could elicit the required immune response to cope with the targeted pathogen with a long-lasting protective capacity. OBJECTIVES Here we evaluate the properties of Escherichia coli spherical proteoliposomes - known as outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) - as particles with natural adjuvant capacities and as antigen-carrier structures to assemble an innovative prophylactic vaccine for Chagas disease. METHODS To achieve this, genetic manipulation was carried out on E. coli using an engineered plasmid containing the Tc24 Trypanosoma cruzi antigen. The goal was to induce the release of OMVs displaying the parasite protein on their surface. FINDINGS As a proof of principle, we observed that native OMVs - as well as those carrying the T. cruzi antigen - were able to trigger a slight, but functional humoral response at low immunization doses. Of note, compared to the non-immunized group, native OMVs-vaccinated animals survived the lethal challenge and showed minor parasitemia values, suggesting a possible involvement of innate trained immunity mechanism. MAIN CONCLUSION These results open the range for further research on the design of new carrier strategies focused on innate immunity activation as an additional immunization target and venture to seek for alternative forms in which OMVs could be used for optimizing vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elisa Vázquez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Instituto de Patología Experimental Dr Miguel Ángel Basombrío, Salta, Argentina
| | - Andrea Cecilia Mesías
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Instituto de Patología Experimental Dr Miguel Ángel Basombrío, Salta, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Acuña
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Instituto de Patología Experimental Dr Miguel Ángel Basombrío, Salta, Argentina
| | - Joseph Spangler
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Brenda Zabala
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Instituto de Patología Experimental Dr Miguel Ángel Basombrío, Salta, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Parodi
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Instituto de Patología Experimental Dr Miguel Ángel Basombrío, Salta, Argentina
| | - Meghna Thakur
- George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Eunkeu Oh
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Optical Science Division, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Scott Allan Walper
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Cecilia Pérez Brandán
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Instituto de Patología Experimental Dr Miguel Ángel Basombrío, Salta, Argentina
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13
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Dean SN, Thakur M, Spangler JR, Smith AD, Garin SP, Walper SA, Ellis GA. Different Strategies Affect Enzyme Packaging into Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10050583. [PMID: 37237653 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
All Gram-negative bacteria are believed to produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), proteoliposomes shed from the outermost membrane. We previously separately engineered E. coli to produce and package two organophosphate (OP) hydrolyzing enzymes, phosphotriesterase (PTE) and diisopropylfluorophosphatase (DFPase), into secreted OMVs. From this work, we realized a need to thoroughly compare multiple packaging strategies to elicit design rules for this process, focused on (1) membrane anchors or periplasm-directing proteins (herein "anchors/directors") and (2) the linkers connecting these to the cargo enzyme; both may affect enzyme cargo activity. Herein, we assessed six anchors/directors to load PTE and DFPase into OMVs: four membrane anchors, namely, lipopeptide Lpp', SlyB, SLP, and OmpA, and two periplasm-directing proteins, namely, maltose-binding protein (MBP) and BtuF. To test the effect of linker length and rigidity, four different linkers were compared using the anchor Lpp'. Our results showed that PTE and DFPase were packaged with most anchors/directors to different degrees. For the Lpp' anchor, increased packaging and activity corresponded to increased linker length. Our findings demonstrate that the selection of anchors/directors and linkers can greatly influence the packaging and bioactivity of enzymes loaded into OMVs, and these findings have the potential to be utilized for packaging other enzymes into OMVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott N Dean
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Meghna Thakur
- College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Joseph R Spangler
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Aaron D Smith
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Sean P Garin
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Scott A Walper
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Gregory A Ellis
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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14
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Luo R, Chang Y, Liang H, Zhang W, Song Y, Li G, Yang C. Interactions between extracellular vesicles and microbiome in human diseases: New therapeutic opportunities. IMETA 2023; 2:e86. [PMID: 38868436 PMCID: PMC10989913 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, accumulating research on the interactions between microbiome homeostasis and host health has broadened new frontiers in delineating the molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and developing novel therapeutic strategies. By transporting proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites in their versatile bioactive molecules, extracellular vesicles (EVs), natural bioactive cell-secreted nanoparticles, may be key mediators of microbiota-host communications. In addition to their positive and negative roles in diverse physiological and pathological processes, there is considerable evidence to implicate EVs secreted by bacteria (bacterial EVs [BEVs]) in the onset and progression of various diseases, including gastrointestinal, respiratory, dermatological, neurological, and musculoskeletal diseases, as well as in cancer. Moreover, an increasing number of studies have explored BEV-based platforms to design novel biomedical diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Hence, in this review, we highlight the recent advances in BEV biogenesis, composition, biofunctions, and their potential involvement in disease pathologies. Furthermore, we introduce the current and emerging clinical applications of BEVs in diagnostic analytics, vaccine design, and novel therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjin Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yanmin Chang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Huaizhen Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Gaocai Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Cao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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15
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Tian CM, Yang MF, Xu HM, Zhu MZ, Zhang Y, Yao J, Wang LS, Liang YJ, Li DF. Emerging role of bacterial outer membrane vesicle in gastrointestinal tract. Gut Pathog 2023; 15:20. [PMID: 37106359 PMCID: PMC10133921 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-023-00543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria form a highly complex ecosystem in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In recent years, mounting evidence has shown that bacteria can release nanoscale phospholipid bilayer particles that encapsulate nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and other molecules. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by microorganisms and can transport a variety of important factors, such as virulence factors, antibiotics, HGT, and defensive factors produced by host eukaryotic cells. In addition, these EVs are vital in facilitating communication between microbiota and the host. Therefore, bacterial EVs play a crucial role in maintaining the GI tract's health and proper functioning. In this review, we outlined the structure and composition of bacterial EVs. Additionally, we highlighted the critical role that bacterial EVs play in immune regulation and in maintaining the balance of the gut microbiota. To further elucidate progress in the field of intestinal research and to provide a reference for future EV studies, we also discussed the clinical and pharmacological potential of bacterial EVs, as well as the necessary efforts required to understand the mechanisms of interaction between bacterial EVs and gut pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Mei Tian
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei-Feng Yang
- Department of Hematology, Yantian District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao-Ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Zheng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Huizhou Institute of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), No.1017, Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), No.1017, Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Jie Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, No.1080, Cuizu Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, People's Republic of China.
| | - De-Feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), No.1017, Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Amalia L, Tsai SL. Functionalization of OMVs for Biocatalytic Applications. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050459. [PMID: 37233521 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are miniature versions of gram-negative bacteria that contain almost the same content as their parent cells, particularly in terms of membrane composition. Using OMVs as biocatalysts is a promising approach due to their potential benefits, including their ability to be handled similarly to bacteria while lacking potentially pathogenic organisms. To employ OMVs as biocatalysts, they must be functionalized with immobilized enzymes to the OMV platform. Various enzyme immobilization techniques are available, including surface display and encapsulation, each with advantages and disadvantages depending on the objectives. This review provides a concise yet comprehensive overview of these immobilization techniques and their applications in utilizing OMVs as biocatalysts. Specifically, we discuss the use of OMVs in catalyzing the conversion of chemical compounds, their role in polymer degradation, and their performance in bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lita Amalia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Long Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan
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17
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Composition and functions of bacterial membrane vesicles. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023:10.1038/s41579-023-00875-5. [PMID: 36932221 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00875-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are produced by species across all domains of life, suggesting that vesiculation represents a fundamental principle of living matter. In Gram-negative bacteria, membrane vesicles (MVs) can originate either from blebs of the outer membrane or from endolysin-triggered explosive cell lysis, which is often induced by genotoxic stress. Although less is known about the mechanisms of vesiculation in Gram-positive and Gram-neutral bacteria, recent research has shown that both lysis and blebbing mechanisms also exist in these organisms. Evidence has accumulated over the past years that different biogenesis routes lead to distinct types of MV with varied structure and composition. In this Review, we discuss the different types of MV and their potential cargo packaging mechanisms. We summarize current knowledge regarding how MV composition determines their various functions including support of bacterial growth via the disposal of waste material, nutrient scavenging, export of bioactive molecules, DNA transfer, neutralization of phages, antibiotics and bactericidal functions, delivery of virulence factors and toxins to host cells and inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. We also discuss the advantages of MV-mediated secretion compared with classic bacterial secretion systems and we introduce the concept of quantal secretion.
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18
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Michaelis C, Grohmann E. Horizontal Gene Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Biofilms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020328. [PMID: 36830238 PMCID: PMC9952180 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Most bacteria attach to biotic or abiotic surfaces and are embedded in a complex matrix which is known as biofilm. Biofilm formation is especially worrisome in clinical settings as it hinders the treatment of infections with antibiotics due to the facilitated acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Environmental settings are now considered as pivotal for driving biofilm formation, biofilm-mediated antibiotic resistance development and dissemination. Several studies have demonstrated that environmental biofilms can be hotspots for the dissemination of ARGs. These genes can be encoded on mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as conjugative and mobilizable plasmids or integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs). ARGs can be rapidly transferred through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) which has been shown to occur more frequently in biofilms than in planktonic cultures. Biofilm models are promising tools to mimic natural biofilms to study the dissemination of ARGs via HGT. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art of biofilm studies and the techniques that visualize the three main HGT mechanisms in biofilms: transformation, transduction, and conjugation.
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19
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Suri K, D'Souza A, Huang D, Bhavsar A, Amiji M. Bacterial extracellular vesicle applications in cancer immunotherapy. Bioact Mater 2022; 22:551-566. [PMID: 36382022 PMCID: PMC9637733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy is undergoing a paradigm shift toward immunotherapy focusing on various approaches to activate the host immune system. As research to identify appropriate immune cells and activate anti-tumor immunity continues to expand, scientists are looking at microbial sources given their inherent ability to elicit an immune response. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are actively studied to control systemic humoral and cellular immune responses instead of using whole microorganisms or other types of extracellular vesicles (EVs). BEVs also provide the opportunity as versatile drug delivery carriers. Unlike mammalian EVs, BEVs have already made it to the clinic with the meningococcal vaccine (Bexsero®). However, there are still many unanswered questions in the use of BEVs, especially for chronic systemically administered immunotherapies. In this review, we address the opportunities and challenges in the use of BEVs for cancer immunotherapy and provide an outlook towards development of BEV products that can ultimately translate to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Suri
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Anisha D'Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 20115, USA
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 20115, USA
| | - Aashray Bhavsar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mansoor Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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20
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Kashyap D, Panda M, Baral B, Varshney N, R S, Bhandari V, Parmar HS, Prasad A, Jha HC. Outer Membrane Vesicles: An Emerging Vaccine Platform. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1578. [PMID: 36298443 PMCID: PMC9610665 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine adjuvants are substances that improve the immune capacity of a recombinant vaccine to a great extent and have been in use since the early 1900s; they are primarily short-lived and initiate antigen activity, mainly an inflammatory response. With the developing technologies and innovation, early options such as alum were modified, yet the inorganic nature of major vaccine adjuvants caused several side effects. Outer membrane vesicles, which respond to the stressed environment, are small nano-sized particles secreted by gram-negative bacteria. The secretory nature of OMV gives us many benefits in terms of infection bioengineering. This article aims to provide a detailed overview of bacteria's outer membrane vesicles (OMV) and their potential usage as adjuvants in making OMV-based vaccines. The OMV adjuvant-based vaccines can be a great benefactor, and there are ongoing trials for formulating OMV adjuvant-based vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. This study emphasizes engineering the OMVs to develop better versions for safety purposes. This article will also provide a gist about the advantages and disadvantages of such vaccines, along with other aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kashyap
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India
| | - Mrutyunjaya Panda
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, India
| | - Budhadev Baral
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India
| | - Nidhi Varshney
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India
| | - Sajitha R
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Noida, Amity 201313, India
| | - Vasundhra Bhandari
- Department of Biological Science, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | | | - Amit Prasad
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi 175005, India
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India
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21
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Engineering of a bacterial outer membrane vesicle to a nano-scale reactor for the biodegradation of β-lactam antibiotics. J Biotechnol 2022; 356:1-7. [PMID: 35870620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are small unilamellar proteoliposomes, which are involved in various functions including cell to cell signaling and protein excretion. Here, we have engineered the OMVs of Escherichia coli to nano-scaled bioreactors for the degradation of β-lactam antibiotics. This was exploited by targeting a β-lactamase (i.e., CMY-10) into the OMVs of a hyper-vesiculating E. coli BL21(DE3) mutant. The CMY-10-containing OMVs, prepared from the E. coli mutant cultures, were able to hydrolyze β-lactam ring of nitrocefin and meropenem to a specific rate of 6.6 × 10-8 and 3.9 × 10-12 μmol/min/µm3 of OMV, which is approximately 100 and 600-fold greater than those of E. coli-based whole-cell biocatalsyts. Furthermore, CMY-10, which was encapsulated in the engineered OMVs, was much more stable against temperature and acid stresses, as compared to free enzymes in aqueous phase. The OMV-based nano-scaled reaction system would be useful for the remediation of a variety of antibiotics pollution for food and agricultural industry.
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22
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Long Q, Zheng P, Zheng X, Li W, Hua L, Yang Z, Huang W, Ma Y. Engineered bacterial membrane vesicles are promising carriers for vaccine design and tumor immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114321. [PMID: 35533789 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) have emerged as novel and promising platforms for the development of vaccines and immunotherapeutic strategies against infectious and noninfectious diseases. The rich microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and nanoscale membrane vesicle structure of BMVs make them highly immunogenic. In addition, BMVs can be endowed with more functions via genetic and chemical modifications. This article reviews the immunological characteristics and effects of BMVs, techniques for BMV production and modification, and the applications of BMVs as vaccines or vaccine carriers. In summary, given their versatile characteristics and immunomodulatory properties, BMVs can be used for clinical vaccine or immunotherapy applications.
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23
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Matinha-Cardoso J, Coutinho F, Lima S, Eufrásio A, Carvalho AP, Oliva-Teles A, Bessa J, Tamagnini P, Serra CR, Oliveira P. Novel protein carrier system based on cyanobacterial nano-sized extracellular vesicles for application in fish. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:2191-2207. [PMID: 35419949 PMCID: PMC9328742 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture has been one of the fastest‐growing food industry sectors, expanding at the pace of consumers' demands. To promote safe and effective fish growth performance strategies, and to stimulate environmentally friendly solutions to protect fish against disease outbreaks, new approaches are needed to safeguard fish welfare, as well as farmers and consumers interests. Here, we tested the use of cyanobacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a novel nanocarrier system of heterologous proteins for applications in fish. We started by incubating zebrafish larvae with Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 EVs, isolated from selected mutant strains with different cell envelope characteristics. Results show that Synechocystis EVs are biocompatible with fish larvae, regardless of their structural composition, as EVs neither induced fish mortality nor triggered significant inflammatory responses. We establish also that cyanobacteria are amenable to engineering heterologous protein expression and loading into EVs, for which we used the reporter sfGFP. Moreover, upon immersion treatment, we successfully demonstrate that sfGFP‐loaded Synechocystis EVs accumulate in the gastrointestinal tract of zebrafish larvae. This work opens the possibility of using cyanobacterial EVs as a novel biotechnological tool in fish, with prospective applications in carrying proteins/enzymes, for example for modulating their nutritional status or stimulating specific adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Matinha-Cardoso
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Filipe Coutinho
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Universidade do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, Matosinhos, 4450-208, Portugal
| | - Steeve Lima
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.,MCbiology Doctoral Program, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Ana Eufrásio
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.,MCbiology Doctoral Program, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - António Paulo Carvalho
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Universidade do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, Matosinhos, 4450-208, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Universidade do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, Matosinhos, 4450-208, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| | - José Bessa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Paula Tamagnini
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Cláudia R Serra
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Universidade do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, Matosinhos, 4450-208, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Paulo Oliveira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.,IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
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24
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Thakur M, Breger JC, Susumu K, Oh E, Spangler JR, Medintz IL, Walper SA, Ellis GA. Self-assembled nanoparticle-enzyme aggregates enhance functional protein production in pure transcription-translation systems. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265274. [PMID: 35298538 PMCID: PMC8929567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free protein synthesis systems (CFPS) utilize cellular transcription and translation (TX-TL) machinery to synthesize proteins in vitro. These systems are useful for multiple applications including production of difficult proteins, as high-throughput tools for genetic circuit screening, and as systems for biosensor development. Though rapidly evolving, CFPS suffer from some disadvantages such as limited reaction rates due to longer diffusion times, significant cost per assay when using commercially sourced materials, and reduced reagent stability over prolonged periods. To address some of these challenges, we conducted a series of proof-of-concept experiments to demonstrate enhancement of CFPS productivity via nanoparticle assembly driven nanoaggregation of its constituent proteins. We combined a commercially available CFPS that utilizes purified polyhistidine-tagged (His-tag) TX-TL machinery with CdSe/CdS/ZnS core/shell/shell quantum dots (QDs) known to readily coordinate His-tagged proteins in an oriented fashion. We show that nanoparticle scaffolding of the CFPS cross-links the QDs into nanoaggregate structures while enhancing the production of functional recombinant super-folder green fluorescent protein and phosphotriesterase, an organophosphate hydrolase; the latter by up to 12-fold. This enhancement, which occurs by an undetermined mechanism, has the potential to improve CFPS in general and specifically CFPS-based biosensors (faster response time) while also enabling rapid detoxification/bioremediation through point-of-concern synthesis of similar catalytic enzymes. We further show that such nanoaggregates improve production in diluted CFPS reactions, which can help to save money and extend the amount of these costly reagents. The results are discussed in the context of what may contribute mechanistically to the enhancement and how this can be applied to other CFPS application scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Thakur
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Joyce C. Breger
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Kimihiro Susumu
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5600, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- Jacobs Corporation, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Eunkeu Oh
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5600, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Joseph R. Spangler
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Igor L. Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Scott A. Walper
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Ellis
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Huang W, Meng L, Chen Y, Dong Z, Peng Q. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles as potential biological nanomaterials for antibacterial therapy. Acta Biomater 2022; 140:102-115. [PMID: 34896632 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic therapy is one of the most important approaches against bacterial infections. However, the improper use of antibiotics and the emergence of drug resistance have compromised the efficacy of traditional antibiotic therapy. In this regard, it is of great importance and significance to develop more potent antimicrobial therapies, including the development of functionalized antibiotics delivery systems and antibiotics-independent antimicrobial agents. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), secreted by Gram-negative bacteria and with similar structure to cell-derived exosomes, are natural functional nanomaterials and known to play important roles in many bacterial life events, such as communication, biofilm formation and pathogenesis. Recently, more and more reports have demonstrated the use of OMVs as either active antibacterial agents or antibiotics delivery carriers, implying the great potentials of OMVs in antibacterial therapy. Herein, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of OMV and its antibacterial applications, including its biogenesis, biofunctions, isolation, purification and its potentials in killing bacteria, delivering antibiotics and developing vaccine or immunoadjuvants. In addition, the concerns in clinical use of OMVs and the possible solutions are discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has led to the failure of traditional antibiotic therapy, and thus become a big threat to human beings. In this regard, developing more potent antibacterial approaches is of great importance and significance. Recently, bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are natural functional nanomaterials secreted by Gram-negative bacteria, have been used as active agents, drug carriers and vaccine adjuvant for antibacterial therapy. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of OMVs and summarizes the recent progress of OMVs in antibacterial applications. The concerns of OMVs in clinical use and the possible solutions are also discussed. As such, this review may guide the future works in antibacterial OMVs and appeal to both scientists and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lingxi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zaiquan Dong
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Qiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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26
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Commensal and Pathogenic Bacterial-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Host-Bacterial and Interbacterial Dialogues: Two Sides of the Same Coin. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:8092170. [PMID: 35224113 PMCID: PMC8872691 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8092170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) cause effective changes in various domains of life. These bioactive structures are essential to the bidirectional organ communication. Recently, increasing research attention has been paid to EVs derived from commensal and pathogenic bacteria in their potential role to affect human disease risk for cancers and a variety of metabolic, gastrointestinal, psychiatric, and mental disorders. The present review presents an overview of both the protective and harmful roles of commensal and pathogenic bacteria-derived EVs in host-bacterial and interbacterial interactions. Bacterial EVs could impact upon human health by regulating microbiota–host crosstalk intestinal homeostasis, even in distal organs. The importance of vesicles derived from bacteria has been also evaluated regarding epigenetic modifications and applications. Generally, the evaluation of bacterial EVs is important towards finding efficient strategies for the prevention and treatment of various human diseases and maintaining metabolic homeostasis.
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27
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Mali H, Shah C, Patel DH, Trivedi U, Subramanian RB. Bio-catalytic system of metallohydrolases for remediation of neurotoxin organophosphates and applications with a future vision. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 231:111771. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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28
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Thakur M, Dean SN, Moore M, Spangler JR, Johnson BJ, Medintz IL, Walper SA. Packaging of Diisopropyl Fluorophosphatase (DFPase) in Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles Protects Its Activity at Extreme Temperature. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:493-501. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Thakur
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering (Code 6900), US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
- College of Science, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Scott N. Dean
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering (Code 6900), US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Martin Moore
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering (Code 6900), US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Joseph R. Spangler
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering (Code 6900), US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Brandy J. Johnson
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering (Code 6900), US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Igor L. Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering (Code 6900), US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Scott A. Walper
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering (Code 6900), US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
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29
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Huang Y, Nieh MP, Chen W, Lei Y. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) enabled bio-applications: A critical review. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 119:34-47. [PMID: 34698385 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nanoscale spherical vesicles released from Gram-negative bacteria. The lipid bilayer membrane structure of OMVs consists of similar components as bacterial membrane and thus has attracted more and more attention in exploiting OMVs' bio-applications. Although the endotoxic lipopolysaccharide on natural OMVs may impose potential limits on their clinical applications, genetic modification can reduce their endotoxicity and decorate OMVs with multiple functional proteins. These genetically engineered OMVs have been employed in various fields including vaccination, drug delivery, cancer therapy, bioimaging, biosensing, and enzyme carrier. This review will first briefly introduce the background of OMVs followed by recent advances in functionalization and various applications of engineered OMVs with an emphasis on the working principles and their performance, and then discuss about the future trends of OMVs in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mu-Ping Nieh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Wilfred Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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30
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Collins SM, Brown AC. Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles as Antibiotic Delivery Vehicles. Front Immunol 2021; 12:733064. [PMID: 34616401 PMCID: PMC8488215 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.733064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nanometer-scale, spherical vehicles released by Gram-negative bacteria into their surroundings throughout growth. These OMVs have been demonstrated to play key roles in pathogenesis by delivering certain biomolecules to host cells, including toxins and other virulence factors. In addition, this biomolecular delivery function enables OMVs to facilitate intra-bacterial communication processes, such as quorum sensing and horizontal gene transfer. The unique ability of OMVs to deliver large biomolecules across the complex Gram-negative cell envelope has inspired the use of OMVs as antibiotic delivery vehicles to overcome transport limitations. In this review, we describe the advantages, applications, and biotechnological challenges of using OMVs as antibiotic delivery vehicles, studying both natural and engineered antibiotic applications of OMVs. We argue that OMVs hold great promise as antibiotic delivery vehicles, an urgently needed application to combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela C. Brown
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
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31
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Ojima Y, Sawabe T, Nakagawa M, Tahara YO, Miyata M, Azuma M. Aberrant Membrane Structures in Hypervesiculating Escherichia coli Strain ΔmlaE ΔnlpI Visualized by Electron Microscopy. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:706525. [PMID: 34456889 PMCID: PMC8386018 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.706525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli produces extracellular vesicles called outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) by releasing a part of its outer membrane. We previously reported that the combined deletion of nlpI and mlaE, related to envelope structure and phospholipid accumulation in the outer leaflet of the outer membrane, respectively, resulted in the synergistic increase of OMV production. In this study, the analysis of ΔmlaEΔnlpI cells using quick-freeze, deep-etch electron microscopy (QFDE-EM) revealed that plasmolysis occurred at the tip of the long axis in cells and that OMVs formed from this tip. Plasmolysis was also observed in the single-gene knockout mutants ΔnlpI and ΔmlaE. This study has demonstrated that plasmolysis was induced in the hypervesiculating mutant E. coli cells. Furthermore, intracellular vesicles and multilamellar OMV were observed in the ΔmlaEΔnlpI cells. Meanwhile, the secretion of recombinant green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressed in the cytosol of the ΔmlaEΔnlpI cells was more than 100 times higher than that of WT and ΔnlpI, and about 50 times higher than that of ΔmlaE in the OMV fraction, suggesting that cytosolic components were incorporated into outer-inner membrane vesicles (OIMVs) and released into the extracellular space. Additionally, QFDE-EM analysis revealed that ΔmlaEΔnlpI sacculi contained many holes noticeably larger than the mean radius of the peptidoglycan (PG) pores in wild-type (WT) E. coli. These results suggest that in ΔmlaEΔnlpI cells, cytoplasmic membrane materials protrude into the periplasmic space through the peptidoglycan holes and are released as OIMVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ojima
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Sawabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mao Nakagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuhei O Tahara
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan.,The OCU Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA), Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Miyata
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan.,The OCU Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA), Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Azuma
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
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32
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Absence of Light Exposure Increases Pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia-Associated Clinical Isolates. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10090837. [PMID: 34571714 PMCID: PMC8466069 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa can alter its lifestyle in response to changes in environmental conditions. The switch to a pathogenic host-associated lifestyle can be triggered by the luminosity settings, resorting to at least one photoreceptor which senses light and regulates cellular processes. This study aimed to address how light exposure affects the dynamic and adaptability of two P. aeruginosa pneumonia-associated isolates, HB13 and HB15. A phenotypic characterization of two opposing growth conditions, constant illumination and intensity of full-spectrum light and total absence of light, was performed. Given the nature of P. aeruginosa pathogenicity, distinct fractions were characterized, and its inherent pathogenic potential screened by comparing induced morphological alterations and cytotoxicity against human pulmonary epithelial cells (A549 cell line). Growth in the dark promoted some virulence-associated traits (e.g., pigment production, LasA proteolytic activity), which, together with higher cytotoxicity of secreted fractions, supported an increased pathogenic potential in conditions that better mimic the lung microenvironment of P. aeruginosa. These preliminary findings evidenced that light exposure settings may influence the P. aeruginosa pathogenic potential, likely owing to differential production of virulence factors. Thus, this study raised awareness towards the importance in controlling light conditions during bacterial pathogenicity evaluation approaches, to more accurately interpret bacterial responses.
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33
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Wang Y, Hoffmann JP, Baker SM, Bentrup KHZ, Wimley WC, Fuselier JA, Bitoun JP, Morici LA. Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans biofilms with bacterial-derived outer membrane vesicles. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:234. [PMID: 34429066 PMCID: PMC8386047 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02296-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofilms are microbial communities surrounded by a self-produced extracellular matrix which protects them from environmental stress. Bacteria within biofilms are 10- to 1000-fold more resistant to antibiotics, making it challenging but imperative to develop new therapeutics that can disperse biofilms and eradicate infection. Gram-negative bacteria produce outer membrane vesicles (OMV) that play critical roles in communication, genetic exchange, cargo delivery, and pathogenesis. We have previously shown that OMVs derived from Burkholderia thailandensis inhibit the growth of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant bacteria and fungi. RESULTS Here, we examine the antibiofilm activity of Burkholderia thailandensis OMVs against the oral biofilm-forming pathogen Streptococcus mutans. We demonstrate that OMV treatment reduces biofilm biomass, biofilm integrity, and bacterial cell viability. Both heat-labile and heat-stable components, including 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-(2-non-enyl)-quinoline and long-chain rhamnolipid, contribute to the antibiofilm activity of OMVs. When OMVs are co-administered with gentamicin, the efficacy of the antibiotic against S. mutans biofilms is enhanced. CONCLUSION These studies indicate that bacterial-derived OMVs are highly effective biological nanoparticles that can inhibit and potentially eradicate biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Wang
- grid.265219.b0000 0001 2217 8588Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., SL-38, LA 70112-2699 New Orleans, USA
| | - Joseph P. Hoffmann
- grid.265219.b0000 0001 2217 8588Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., SL-38, LA 70112-2699 New Orleans, USA
| | - Sarah M. Baker
- grid.265219.b0000 0001 2217 8588Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., SL-38, LA 70112-2699 New Orleans, USA
| | - Kerstin Höner zu Bentrup
- grid.265219.b0000 0001 2217 8588Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., SL-38, LA 70112-2699 New Orleans, USA
| | - William C. Wimley
- grid.265219.b0000 0001 2217 8588Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Joseph A. Fuselier
- grid.265219.b0000 0001 2217 8588Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Jacob P. Bitoun
- grid.265219.b0000 0001 2217 8588Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., SL-38, LA 70112-2699 New Orleans, USA
| | - Lisa A. Morici
- grid.265219.b0000 0001 2217 8588Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., SL-38, LA 70112-2699 New Orleans, USA
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34
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Song J, Baeg Y, Jeong H, Lee J, Oh D, Hollmann F, Park J. Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles as Nano‐Scale Bioreactors: A Fatty Acid Conversion Case Study. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji‐Won Song
- Department of Food Science & Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjin Baeg
- Department of Food Science & Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Ha‐Yeon Jeong
- Department of Food Science & Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Sogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Deok‐Kun Oh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Jin‐Byung Park
- Department of Food Science & Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
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Orench-Rivera N, Kuehn MJ. Differential Packaging Into Outer Membrane Vesicles Upon Oxidative Stress Reveals a General Mechanism for Cargo Selectivity. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:561863. [PMID: 34276573 PMCID: PMC8284480 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.561863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective cargo packaging into bacterial extracellular vesicles has been reported and implicated in many biological processes, however, the mechanism behind the selectivity has remained largely unexplored. In this study, proteomic analysis of outer membrane (OM) and OM vesicle (OMV) fractions from enterotoxigenic E. coli revealed significant differences in protein abundance in the OMV and OM fractions for cultures shifted to oxidative stress conditions. Analysis of sequences of proteins preferentially packaged into OMVs showed that proteins with oxidizable residues were more packaged into OMVs in comparison with those retained in the membrane. In addition, the results indicated two distinct classes of OM-associated proteins were differentially packaged into OMVs as a function of peroxide treatment. Implementing a Bayesian hierarchical model, OM lipoproteins were determined to be preferentially exported during stress whereas integral OM proteins were preferentially retained in the cell. Selectivity was determined to be independent of transcriptional regulation of the proteins upon oxidative stress and was validated using randomly selected protein candidates from the different cargo classes. Based on these data, a hypothetical functional and mechanistic basis for cargo selectivity was tested using OmpA constructs. Our study reveals a basic mechanism for cargo selectivity into OMVs that may be useful for the engineering of OMVs for future biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meta J. Kuehn
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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Zingl FG, Leitner DR, Thapa HB, Schild S. Outer membrane vesicles as versatile tools for therapeutic approaches. MICROLIFE 2021; 2:uqab006. [PMID: 37223254 PMCID: PMC10117751 DOI: 10.1093/femsml/uqab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Budding of the bacterial surface results in the formation and secretion of outer membrane vesicles, which is a conserved phenomenon observed in Gram-negative bacteria. Recent studies highlight that these sphere-shaped facsimiles of the donor bacterium's surface with enclosed periplasmic content may serve multiple purposes for their host bacterium. These include inter- and intraspecies cell-cell communication, effector delivery to target cells and bacterial adaptation strategies. This review provides a concise overview of potential medical applications to exploit outer membrane vesicles for therapeutic approaches. Due to the fact that outer membrane vesicles resemble the surface of their donor cells, they represent interesting nonliving candidates for vaccine development. Furthermore, bacterial donor species can be genetically engineered to display various proteins and glycans of interest on the outer membrane vesicle surface or in their lumen. Outer membrane vesicles also possess valuable bioreactor features as they have the natural capacity to protect, stabilize and enhance the activity of luminal enzymes. Along these features, outer membrane vesicles not only might be suitable for biotechnological applications but may also enable cell-specific delivery of designed therapeutics as they are efficiently internalized by nonprofessional phagocytes. Finally, outer membrane vesicles are potent modulators of our immune system with pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. A deeper understanding of immunoregulatory effects provoked by different outer membrane vesicles is the basis for their possible future applications ranging from inflammation and immune response modulation to anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz G Zingl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Deborah R Leitner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Himadri B Thapa
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Schild
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Bacterial extracellular vesicles: Understanding biology promotes applications as nanopharmaceuticals. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 173:125-140. [PMID: 33774113 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated communication between proximal and distant cells is a highly conserved characteristic in all of the life domains, including bacteria. These vesicles that contain a variety of biomolecules, such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and small-molecule metabolites play a key role in the biology of bacteria. They are one of the key underlying mechanisms behind harmful or beneficial effects of many pathogenic, symbiont, and probiotic bacteria. These nanoscale EVs mediate extensive crosstalk with mammalian cells and deliver their cargos to the host. They are stable in physiological condition, can encapsulate diverse biomolecules and nanoparticles, and their surface could be engineered with available technologies. Based on favorable characteristics of bacterial vesicles, they can be harnessed for designing a diverse range of therapeutics and diagnostics for treatment of disorders including tumors and resistant infections. However, technical limitations for their production, purification, and characterization must be addressed in future studies.
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Ñahui Palomino RA, Vanpouille C, Costantini PE, Margolis L. Microbiota-host communications: Bacterial extracellular vesicles as a common language. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009508. [PMID: 33984071 PMCID: PMC8118305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contain components from their mother cells. Bacterial EVs are similar in size to mammalian-derived EVs and are thought to mediate bacteria–host communications by transporting diverse bioactive molecules including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites. Bacterial EVs have been implicated in bacteria–bacteria and bacteria–host interactions, promoting health or causing various pathologies. Although the science of bacterial EVs is less developed than that of eukaryotic EVs, the number of studies on bacterial EVs is continuously increasing. This review highlights the current state of knowledge in the rapidly evolving field of bacterial EV science, focusing on their discovery, isolation, biogenesis, and more specifically on their role in microbiota–host communications. Knowledge of these mechanisms may be translated into new therapeutics and diagnostics based on bacterial EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogers A. Ñahui Palomino
- Section on Intercellular Interaction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christophe Vanpouille
- Section on Intercellular Interaction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paolo E. Costantini
- Section on Intercellular Interaction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Section on Intercellular Interaction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Gan Y, Li C, Peng X, Wu S, Li Y, Tan JPK, Yang YY, Yuan P, Ding X. Fight bacteria with bacteria: Bacterial membrane vesicles as vaccines and delivery nanocarriers against bacterial infections. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 35:102398. [PMID: 33901646 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) are particles secreted by bacteria with diameter of 20-400 nm. The pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) present on the surface of MVs are capable of activating human immune system, leading to non-specific immune response and specific immune response. Due to the immunostimulatory properties and proteoliposome nanostructures, MVs have been increasingly explored as vaccines or delivery systems for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections. Herein, the recent progresses of MVs for antibacterial applications are reviewed to provide an overview of MVs vaccines and MVs-related delivery systems. In addition, the safety issues of bacterial MVs are discussed to demonstrate their potential for clinical translation. In the end of this review, the challenges of bacterial MVs as vaccines and delivery systems for clinical applications are highlighted with the purpose of predicting future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Gan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Chengnan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xinran Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yuzhen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jeremy P K Tan
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore.
| | - Peiyan Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Xin Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
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Shkair L, Garanina EE, Stott RJ, Foster TL, Rizvanov AA, Khaiboullina SF. Membrane Microvesicles as Potential Vaccine Candidates. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1142. [PMID: 33498909 PMCID: PMC7865840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevention and control of infectious diseases is crucial to the maintenance and protection of social and public healthcare. The global impact of SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated how outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging infections can lead to pandemics of significant public health and socio-economic burden. Vaccination is one of the most effective approaches to protect against infectious diseases, and to date, multiple vaccines have been successfully used to protect against and eradicate both viral and bacterial pathogens. The main criterion of vaccine efficacy is the induction of specific humoral and cellular immune responses, and it is well established that immunogenicity depends on the type of vaccine as well as the route of delivery. In addition, antigen delivery to immune organs and the site of injection can potentiate efficacy of the vaccine. In light of this, microvesicles have been suggested as potential vehicles for antigen delivery as they can carry various immunogenic molecules including proteins, nucleic acids and polysaccharides directly to target cells. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of microvesicle biogenesis and the role of microvesicles in infectious diseases. Further, we discuss the application of microvesicles as a novel and effective vaccine delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layaly Shkair
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (L.S.); (E.E.G.); (A.A.R.)
| | - Ekaterina E. Garanina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (L.S.); (E.E.G.); (A.A.R.)
- M.M. Shemyakin-Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Robert J. Stott
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (R.J.S.); (T.L.F.)
| | - Toshana L. Foster
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (R.J.S.); (T.L.F.)
| | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (L.S.); (E.E.G.); (A.A.R.)
| | - Svetlana F. Khaiboullina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (L.S.); (E.E.G.); (A.A.R.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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Abstract
The release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a process conserved across the three domains of life. Amongst prokaryotes, EVs produced by Gram-negative bacteria, termed outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), were identified more than 50 years ago and a wealth of literature exists regarding their biogenesis, composition and functions. OMVs have been implicated in benefiting numerous metabolic functions of their parent bacterium. Additionally, OMVs produced by pathogenic bacteria have been reported to contribute to pathology within the disease setting. By contrast, the release of EVs from Gram-positive bacteria, known as membrane vesicles (MVs), has only been widely accepted within the last decade. As such, there is a significant disproportion in knowledge regarding MVs compared to OMVs. Here we provide an overview of the literature regarding bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) produced by pathogenic and commensal bacteria. We highlight the mechanisms of BMV biogenesis and their roles in assisting bacterial survival, in addition to discussing their functions in promoting disease pathologies and their potential use as novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Gilmore
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalie J Bitto
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Katyal P, Chu S, Montclare JK. Enhancing organophosphate hydrolase efficacy via protein engineering and immobilization strategies. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1480:54-72. [PMID: 32814367 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OPs), developed as pesticides and chemical warfare agents, are extremely toxic chemicals that pose a public health risk. Of the different detoxification strategies, organophosphate-hydrolyzing enzymes have attracted much attention, providing a potential route for detoxifying those exposed to OPs. Phosphotriesterase (PTE), also known as organophosphate hydrolase (OPH), is one such enzyme that has been extensively studied as a catalytic bioscavenger. In this review, we will discuss the protein engineering of PTE aimed toward improving the activity and stability of the enzyme. In order to make enzyme utilization in OP detoxification more favorable, enzyme immobilization provides an effective means to increase enzyme activity and stability. Here, we present several such strategies that enhance the storage and operational stability of PTE/OPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Katyal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Stanley Chu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Jin Kim Montclare
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York.,Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York.,Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York.,Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York
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Lima S, Matinha-Cardoso J, Tamagnini P, Oliveira P. Extracellular Vesicles: An Overlooked Secretion System in Cyanobacteria. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E129. [PMID: 32751844 PMCID: PMC7459746 DOI: 10.3390/life10080129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In bacteria, the active transport of material from the interior to the exterior of the cell, or secretion, represents a very important mechanism of adaptation to the surrounding environment. The secretion of various types of biomolecules is mediated by a series of multiprotein complexes that cross the bacterial membrane(s), each complex dedicated to the secretion of specific substrates. In addition, biological material may also be released from the bacterial cell in the form of vesicles. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are bilayered, nanoscale structures, derived from the bacterial cell envelope, which contain membrane components as well as soluble products. In cyanobacteria, the knowledge regarding EVs is lagging far behind compared to what is known about, for example, other Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we present a summary of the most important findings regarding EVs in Gram-negative bacteria, discussing aspects of their composition, formation processes and biological roles, and highlighting a number of technological applications tested. This lays the groundwork to raise awareness that the release of EVs by cyanobacteria likely represents an important, and yet highly disregarded, survival strategy. Furthermore, we hope to motivate future studies that can further elucidate the role of EVs in cyanobacterial cell biology and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steeve Lima
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (S.L.); (J.M.-C.); (P.T.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Matinha-Cardoso
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (S.L.); (J.M.-C.); (P.T.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Tamagnini
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (S.L.); (J.M.-C.); (P.T.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Oliveira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (S.L.); (J.M.-C.); (P.T.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Durant L, Stentz R, Noble A, Brooks J, Gicheva N, Reddi D, O’Connor MJ, Hoyles L, McCartney AL, Man R, Pring ET, Dilke S, Hendy P, Segal JP, Lim DNF, Misra R, Hart AL, Arebi N, Carding SR, Knight SC. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron-derived outer membrane vesicles promote regulatory dendritic cell responses in health but not in inflammatory bowel disease. MICROBIOME 2020; 8:88. [PMID: 32513301 PMCID: PMC7282036 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00868-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt) is a prominent member of the human intestinal microbiota that, like all gram-negative bacteria, naturally generates nanosized outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) which bud off from the cell surface. Importantly, OMVs can cross the intestinal epithelial barrier to mediate microbe-host cell crosstalk involving both epithelial and immune cells to help maintain intestinal homeostasis. Here, we have examined the interaction between Bt OMVs and blood or colonic mucosa-derived dendritic cells (DC) from healthy individuals and patients with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). RESULTS In healthy individuals, Bt OMVs stimulated significant (p < 0.05) IL-10 expression by colonic DC, whereas in peripheral blood-derived DC they also stimulated significant (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively) expression of IL-6 and the activation marker CD80. Conversely, in UC Bt OMVs were unable to elicit IL-10 expression by colonic DC. There were also reduced numbers of CD103+ DC in the colon of both UC and CD patients compared to controls, supporting a loss of regulatory DC in both diseases. Furthermore, in CD and UC, Bt OMVs elicited a significantly lower proportion of DC which expressed IL-10 (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively) in blood compared to controls. These alterations in DC responses to Bt OMVs were seen in patients with inactive disease, and thus are indicative of intrinsic defects in immune responses to this commensal in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings suggest a key role for OMVs generated by the commensal gut bacterium Bt in directing a balanced immune response to constituents of the microbiota locally and systemically during health which is altered in IBD patients. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Durant
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park & St. Mark’s Hospital Campus, Watford Rd, Harrow, Greater London HA1 3UJ UK
| | - Régis Stentz
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, NR4 7UQ UK
| | - Alistair Noble
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park & St. Mark’s Hospital Campus, Watford Rd, Harrow, Greater London HA1 3UJ UK
| | - Johanne Brooks
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, NR4 7UQ UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Nadezhda Gicheva
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, NR4 7UQ UK
| | - Durga Reddi
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park & St. Mark’s Hospital Campus, Watford Rd, Harrow, Greater London HA1 3UJ UK
| | - Matthew J. O’Connor
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park & St. Mark’s Hospital Campus, Watford Rd, Harrow, Greater London HA1 3UJ UK
| | - Lesley Hoyles
- Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, NG11 8NS UK
| | - Anne L. McCartney
- Food Microbial Sciences Unit, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6UR UK
| | - Ripple Man
- St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, Greater London HA1 3UJ UK
| | - E. Tobias Pring
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park & St. Mark’s Hospital Campus, Watford Rd, Harrow, Greater London HA1 3UJ UK
- St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, Greater London HA1 3UJ UK
| | - Stella Dilke
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park & St. Mark’s Hospital Campus, Watford Rd, Harrow, Greater London HA1 3UJ UK
- St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, Greater London HA1 3UJ UK
| | - Philip Hendy
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park & St. Mark’s Hospital Campus, Watford Rd, Harrow, Greater London HA1 3UJ UK
- St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, Greater London HA1 3UJ UK
| | - Jonathan P. Segal
- St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, Greater London HA1 3UJ UK
| | - Dennis N. F. Lim
- St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, Greater London HA1 3UJ UK
| | - Ravi Misra
- St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, Greater London HA1 3UJ UK
| | - Ailsa L. Hart
- St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, Greater London HA1 3UJ UK
| | - Naila Arebi
- St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, Greater London HA1 3UJ UK
| | - Simon R. Carding
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, NR4 7UQ UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Stella C. Knight
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park & St. Mark’s Hospital Campus, Watford Rd, Harrow, Greater London HA1 3UJ UK
- St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, Greater London HA1 3UJ UK
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Zhang F, Zhang W. Encrypting Chemical Reactivity in Protein Sequences toward
Information‐Coded
Reactions
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Wen‐Bin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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Burkholderia thailandensis outer membrane vesicles exert antimicrobial activity against drug-resistant and competitor microbial species. J Microbiol 2020; 58:550-562. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-020-0028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Outer membrane vesicles catabolize lignin-derived aromatic compounds in Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:9302-9310. [PMID: 32245809 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921073117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin is an abundant and recalcitrant component of plant cell walls. While lignin degradation in nature is typically attributed to fungi, growing evidence suggests that bacteria also catabolize this complex biopolymer. However, the spatiotemporal mechanisms for lignin catabolism remain unclear. Improved understanding of this biological process would aid in our collective knowledge of both carbon cycling and microbial strategies to valorize lignin to value-added compounds. Here, we examine lignin modifications and the exoproteome of three aromatic-catabolic bacteria: Pseudomonas putida KT2440, Rhodoccocus jostii RHA1, and Amycolatopsis sp. ATCC 39116. P. putida cultivation in lignin-rich media is characterized by an abundant exoproteome that is dynamically and selectively packaged into outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Interestingly, many enzymes known to exhibit activity toward lignin-derived aromatic compounds are enriched in OMVs from early to late stationary phase, corresponding to the shift from bioavailable carbon to oligomeric lignin as a carbon source. In vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrate that enzymes contained in the OMVs are active and catabolize aromatic compounds. Taken together, this work supports OMV-mediated catabolism of lignin-derived aromatic compounds as an extracellular strategy for nutrient acquisition by soil bacteria and suggests that OMVs could potentially be useful tools for synthetic biology and biotechnological applications.
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Caruana JC, Walper SA. Bacterial Membrane Vesicles as Mediators of Microbe - Microbe and Microbe - Host Community Interactions. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:432. [PMID: 32265873 PMCID: PMC7105600 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial membrane vesicles are proteoliposomal nanoparticles produced by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. As they originate from the outer surface of the bacteria, their composition and content is generally similar to the parent bacterium’s membrane and cytoplasm. However, there is ample evidence that preferential packaging of proteins, metabolites, and toxins into vesicles does occur. Incorporation into vesicles imparts a number of benefits to the cargo, including protection from degradation by other bacteria, the host organism, or environmental factors, maintenance of a favorable microenvironment for enzymatic activity, and increased potential for long-distance movement. This enables vesicles to serve specialized functions tailored to changing or challenging environments, particularly in regard to microbial community interactions including quorum sensing, biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial peptide expression and deployment, and nutrient acquisition. Additionally, based on their contents, vesicles play crucial roles in host-microbe interactions as carriers of virulence factors and other modulators of host cell function. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of how vesicles function as signals both within microbial communities and between pathogenic or commensal microbes and their mammalian hosts. We also highlight a few areas that are currently ripe for additional research, including the mechanisms of selective cargo packaging into membrane vesicles and of cargo processing once it enters mammalian host cells, the function of vesicles in transfer of nucleic acids among bacteria, and the possibility of engineering commensal bacteria to deliver cargo of interest to mammalian hosts in a controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C Caruana
- American Society for Engineering Education, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Scott A Walper
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Washington, DC, United States
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Wong JX, Ogura K, Chen S, Rehm BHA. Bioengineered Polyhydroxyalkanoates as Immobilized Enzyme Scaffolds for Industrial Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:156. [PMID: 32195237 PMCID: PMC7064635 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes function as biocatalysts and are extensively exploited in industrial applications. Immobilization of enzymes using support materials has been shown to improve enzyme properties, including stability and functionality in extreme conditions and recyclability in biocatalytic processing. This review focuses on the recent advances utilizing the design space of in vivo self-assembled polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) particles as biocatalyst immobilization scaffolds. Self-assembly of biologically active enzyme-coated PHA particles is a one-step in vivo production process, which avoids the costly and laborious in vitro chemical cross-linking of purified enzymes to separately produced support materials. The homogeneous orientation of enzymes densely coating PHA particles enhances the accessibility of catalytic sites, improving enzyme function. The PHA particle technology has been developed into a remarkable scaffolding platform for the design of cost-effective designer biocatalysts amenable toward robust industrial bioprocessing. In this review, the PHA particle technology will be compared to other biological supramolecular assembly-based technologies suitable for in vivo enzyme immobilization. Recent progress in the fabrication of biological particulate scaffolds using enzymes of industrial interest will be summarized. Additionally, we outline innovative approaches to overcome limitations of in vivo assembled PHA particles to enable fine-tuned immobilization of multiple enzymes to enhance performance in multi-step cascade reactions, such as those used in continuous flow bioprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xiang Wong
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Kampachiro Ogura
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Shuxiong Chen
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Bernd H. A. Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland (MHIQ), Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD, Australia
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Design of heterostructured hybrids comprising ultrathin 2D bismuth tungstate nanosheets reinforced by chloramphenicol imprinted polymers used as biomimetic interfaces for mass-sensitive detection. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 188:110775. [PMID: 31958619 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Combining nanomaterials in varying morphology and functionalities gives rise to a new class of composite materials leading to innovative applications. In this study, we designed a heterostructured hybrid material consisting of two-dimensional bismuth nanosheets augmented by molecularly imprinted networks. Antibiotic overuse is now one of the main concerns in health management, and their monitoring is highly desirable but challenging. So, for this purpose, the resulting composite interface was used as a transducer for quartz crystal microbalances. The main objective was to develop highly selective mass-sensitive sensor for chloramphenicol. Morphological investigation revealed the presence of ultrathin, square shaped nanosheets, 2-3 nm in height and further supplemented by imprinted polymers. Sensor responses are described as the decrease in the frequency of microbalances owing to chloramphenicol re-binding in the templated cavities, yielding a detection limit down to 0.74 μM. This sensor demonstrated a 100 % specific detection of chloramphenicol over its interfering and structural analogs (clindamycin, thiamphenicol, and florfenicol). This composite interface offers the advantage of selective binding and excellent sensitivity due to special heterostructured morphology, in addition to benefits of robustness and online monitoring. The results suggest that such composite-based sensors can be favorable platforms, especially for commercial prospects, to obtain selective detection of other biomolecules of clinical importance.
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