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Tan Y, Salkhordeh M, Murray ABP, Souza-Moreira L, Stewart DJ, Mei SHJ. Key quality parameter comparison of mesenchymal stem cell product cryopreserved in different cryopreservation solutions for clinical applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1412811. [PMID: 39148941 PMCID: PMC11324487 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1412811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cryopreservation is a critical process of cell products for achieving a commercial viability through wide scale adoption. By preserving cells in a lower temperature, cryopreservation enables a product to be off-the-shelf and ready for infusion. An optimized cryopreservation strategy can maintain the viability, phenotype, and potency of thawed mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) while being regulatory compliant. We compared three clinical-ready formulations with one research cryopreservation solutions and evaluated key quality parameters of post thawed MSCs. Method and result MSCs were cryopreserved at 3, 6, and 9 million cells/mL (M/mL) in four different cryopreservation solutions: NutriFreez (10% dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO]), Plasmalyte A (PLA)/5% human albumin (HA)/10% DMSO (PHD10), CryoStor CS5 (5% DMSO), and CryoStor CS10 (10% DMSO). To establish post thaw viability, cells were evaluated with no dilution of DMSO (from 3 M/mL), 1:1 dilution (from 6 M/mL), or 1:2 dilution (from 9 M/mL) with PLA/5% HA, to achieve uniform concentration at 3 M/mL. Cell viability was measured at 0-, 2-, 4-, and 6-h post thaw with Trypan blue exclusion and Annexin V/PI staining. Dilution (1:2) of final cell products from 9M/mL resulted in an improvement of cell viability over 6 h but showed a trend of decreased recovery. MSCs cryopreserved in solutions with 10% DMSO displayed comparable viabilities and recoveries up to 6 h after thawing, whereas a decreasing trend was noted in cell viability and recovery with CS5. Cells from all groups exhibited surface marker characteristics of MSCs. We further evaluated cell proliferation after 6-day recovery in culture. While cells cryopreserved in NutriFreez and PHD10 presented similar cell growth post thaw, MSCs cryopreserved in CS5 and CS10 at 3 M/mL and 6M/mL showed 10-fold less proliferative capacity. No significant differences were observed between MSCs cryopreserved in NutriFreez and PHD10 in their potency to inhibit T cell proliferation and improve monocytic phagocytosis. Conclusion MSCs can be cryopreserved up to 9 M/mL without losing notable viability and recovery, while exhibiting comparable post thaw potency with NutriFreez and PHD10. These results highlight the importance of key parameter testing for selecting the optimal cryopreservation solution for MSC-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mahmoud Salkhordeh
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Aidan B P Murray
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Luciana Souza-Moreira
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Duncan J Stewart
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shirley H J Mei
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Marquez-Curtis LA, Elliott JAW. Mesenchymal stromal cells derived from various tissues: Biological, clinical and cryopreservation aspects: Update from 2015 review. Cryobiology 2024; 115:104856. [PMID: 38340887 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have become one of the most investigated and applied cells for cellular therapy and regenerative medicine. In this update of our review published in 2015, we show that studies continue to abound regarding the characterization of MSCs to distinguish them from other similar cell types, the discovery of new tissue sources of MSCs, and the confirmation of their properties and functions that render them suitable as a therapeutic. Because cryopreservation is widely recognized as the only technology that would enable the on-demand availability of MSCs, here we show that although the traditional method of cryopreserving cells by slow cooling in the presence of 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) continues to be used by many, several novel MSC cryopreservation approaches have emerged. As in our previous review, we conclude from these recent reports that viable and functional MSCs from diverse tissues can be recovered after cryopreservation using a variety of cryoprotectants, freezing protocols, storage temperatures, and periods of storage. We also show that for logistical reasons there are now more studies devoted to the cryopreservation of tissues from which MSCs are derived. A new topic included in this review covers the application in COVID-19 of MSCs arising from their immunomodulatory and antiviral properties. Due to the inherent heterogeneity in MSC populations from different sources there is still no standardized procedure for their isolation, identification, functional characterization, cryopreservation, and route of administration, and not likely to be a "one-size-fits-all" approach in their applications in cell-based therapy and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah A Marquez-Curtis
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 1H9; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 1C9
| | - Janet A W Elliott
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 1H9; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 1C9.
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3
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Gil-Chinchilla JI, Bueno C, Martínez CM, Ferrández-Múrtula A, García-Hernández AM, Blanquer M, Molina-Molina M, Zapata AG, Sackstein R, Moraleda JM, García-Bernal D. Optimizing cryopreservation conditions for use of fucosylated human mesenchymal stromal cells in anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory therapeutics. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1385691. [PMID: 38605955 PMCID: PMC11007032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are being increasingly used in cell-based therapies due to their broad anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Intravascularly-administered MSCs do not efficiently migrate to sites of inflammation/immunopathology, but this shortfall has been overcome by cell surface enzymatic fucosylation to engender expression of the potent E-selectin ligand HCELL. In applications of cell-based therapies, cryopreservation enables stability in both storage and transport of the produced cells from the manufacturing facility to the point of care. However, it has been reported that cryopreservation and thawing dampens their immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory activity even after a reactivation/reconditioning step. To address this issue, we employed a variety of methods to cryopreserve and thaw fucosylated human MSCs derived from either bone marrow or adipose tissue sources. We then evaluated their immunosuppressive properties, cell viability, morphology, proliferation kinetics, immunophenotype, senescence, and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Our studies provide new insights into the immunobiology of cryopreserved and thawed MSCs and offer a readily applicable approach to optimize the use of fucosylated human allogeneic MSCs as immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús I. Gil-Chinchilla
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, University of Murcia and Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos Bueno
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, University of Murcia and Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos M. Martínez
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Ferrández-Múrtula
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, University of Murcia and Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana M. García-Hernández
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, University of Murcia and Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel Blanquer
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, University of Murcia and Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mar Molina-Molina
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, University of Murcia and Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Robert Sackstein
- Department of Translational Medicine, and the Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jose M. Moraleda
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, University of Murcia and Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - David García-Bernal
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, University of Murcia and Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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4
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Zhang Y, Gu J, Wang X, Li L, Fu L, Wang D, Wang X, Han X. Opportunities and challenges: mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:1031-1044. [PMID: 35579409 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2042690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) was once considered an untreatable disease. Through years of research, many drugs have been discovered and are widely used for the treatment of MS. However, the current treatment can only alleviate the clinical symptoms of MS and has serious side effects. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide neuroprotection by migrating to injured tissues, suppressing inflammation, and fostering neuronal repair. Therefore, MSCs therapy holds great promise for MS treatment. This review aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of use of MSCs in MS treatment as well as its development prospect in clinical treatment by analysing the existing clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union hospital of Jilin University, Changchun city, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Jiebing Gu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union hospital of Jilin University, Changchun city, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshuang Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union hospital of Jilin University, Changchun city, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Linfang Li
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union hospital of Jilin University, Changchun city, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Fu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union hospital of Jilin University, Changchun city, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union hospital of Jilin University, Changchun city, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Xiuting Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union hospital of Jilin University, Changchun city, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Han
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union hospital of Jilin University, Changchun city, Jilin, P.R. China
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5
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Li CH, Zhao J, Zhang HY, Wang B. Banking of perinatal mesenchymal stem/stromal cells for stem cell-based personalized medicine over lifetime: Matters arising. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:105-119. [PMID: 37181005 PMCID: PMC10173813 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i4.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are currently applied in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Numerous clinical studies have indicated that MSCs from different tissue sources can provide therapeutic benefits for patients. MSCs derived from either human adult or perinatal tissues have their own unique advantages in their medical practices. Usually, clinical studies are conducted by using of cultured MSCs after thawing or short-term cryopreserved-then-thawed MSCs prior to administration for the treatment of a wide range of diseases and medical disorders. Currently, cryogenically banking perinatal MSCs for potential personalized medicine for later use in lifetime has raised growing interest in China as well as in many other countries. Meanwhile, this has led to questions regarding the availability, stability, consistency, multipotency, and therapeutic efficiency of the potential perinatal MSC-derived therapeutic products after long-term cryostorage. This opinion review does not minimize any therapeutic benefit of perinatal MSCs in many diseases after short-term cryopreservation. This article mainly describes what is known about banking perinatal MSCs in China and, importantly, it is to recognize the limitation and uncertainty of the perinatal MSCs stored in cryobanks for stem cell medical treatments in whole life. This article also provides several recommendations for banking of perinatal MSCs for potentially future personalized medicine, albeit it is impossible to anticipate whether the donor will benefit from banked MSCs during her/his lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hai Li
- Stem Cell Program of Clinical Research Center, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China.
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Alcayaga-Miranda F, Dutra Silva J, Parada N, Andrade da Silva LH, Ferreira Cruz F, Utreras Y, Hidalgo Y, Cádiz MI, Tapia Limonchi R, Espinoza F, Bruhn A, Khoury M, R. M. Rocco P, Cuenca J. Safety and efficacy of clinical-grade, cryopreserved menstrual blood mesenchymal stromal cells in experimental acute respiratory distress syndrome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1031331. [PMID: 36793446 PMCID: PMC9923023 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1031331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Treatment for critical care conditions, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), requires ready-to-administer injectable mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). A validated cryopreserved therapy based on MSCs derived from menstrual blood (MenSCs) is an attractive option that offers advantages over freshly cultured cells and allows its use as an off-the-shelf therapy in acute clinical conditions. The main goal of this study is to provide evidence on the impact of cryopreservation on different biological functions of MenSCs and to determine the optimal therapeutic dose, safety, and efficacy profile of clinical-grade, cryopreserved (cryo)-MenSCs in experimental ARDS. Methods: Biological functions of fresh versus cryo-MenSCs were compared in vitro. The effects of cryo-MenSCs therapy were evaluated in vivo in ARDS-induced (Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide) C57BL/6 mice. After 24 h, the animals were treated with five doses ranging from 0.25×105 to 1.25×106 cells/animal. At 2 and 7 days after induction of ARDS, safety and efficacy were evaluated. Results: Clinical-grade cryo-MenSCs injections improved lung mechanics and reduced alveolar collapse, tissue cellularity, and remodelling, decreasing elastic and collagen fiber content in alveolar septa. In addition, administration of these cells modulated inflammatory mediators and promoted pro-angiogenic and anti-apoptotic effects in lung-injured animals. More beneficial effects were observed with an optimal dose of 4×106 cells/Kg than with higher or lower doses. Conclusion: From a translational perspective, the results showed that clinical-grade cryopreserved MenSCs retain their biological properties and exert a therapeutic effect in mild to moderate experimental ARDS. The optimal therapeutic dose was well-tolerated, safe, and effective, favouring improved lung function. These findings support the potential value of an off-the-shelf MenSCs-based product as a promising therapeutic strategy for treating ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Alcayaga-Miranda
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile,Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile,IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Johnatas Dutra Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nicol Parada
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luisa Helena Andrade da Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ferreira Cruz
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yildy Utreras
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yessia Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile,Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile,IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Ignacia Cádiz
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile,Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafael Tapia Limonchi
- Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Espinoza
- Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile,IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Bruhn
- Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maroun Khoury
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile,Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile,IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia R. M. Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jimena Cuenca
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile,Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile,IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile,*Correspondence: Jimena Cuenca,
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Dave C, Mei SHJ, McRae A, Hum C, Sullivan KJ, Champagne J, Ramsay T, McIntyre L. Comparison of freshly cultured versus cryopreserved mesenchymal stem cells in animal models of inflammation: A pre-clinical systematic review. eLife 2022; 11:75053. [PMID: 35838024 PMCID: PMC9286731 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that demonstrate therapeutic potential for the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory-mediated conditions. Although controversial, some studies suggest that MSCs may lose their functionality with cryopreservation which could render them non-efficacious. Hence, we conducted a systematic review of comparative pre-clinical models of inflammation to determine if there are differences in in vivo measures of pre-clinical efficacy (primary outcomes) and in vitro potency (secondary outcomes) between freshly cultured and cryopreserved MSCs. Methods: A systematic search on OvidMEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS, and Web of Science (until January 13, 2022) was conducted. The primary outcome included measures of in vivo pre-clinical efficacy; secondary outcomes included measures of in vitro MSC potency. Risk of bias was assessed by the SYRCLE ‘Risk of Bias’ assessment tool for pre-clinical studies. Results: Eighteen studies were included. A total of 257 in vivo pre-clinical efficacy experiments represented 101 distinct outcome measures. Of these outcomes, 2.3% (6/257) were significantly different at the 0.05 level or less; 2 favoured freshly cultured and 4 favoured cryopreserved MSCs. A total of 68 in vitro experiments represented 32 different potency measures; 13% (9/68) of the experiments were significantly different at the 0.05 level or less, with seven experiments favouring freshly cultured MSC and two favouring cryopreserved MSCs. Conclusions: The majority of preclinical primary in vivo efficacy and secondary in vitro potency outcomes were not significantly different (p<0.05) between freshly cultured and cryopreserved MSCs. Our systematic summary of the current evidence base may provide MSC basic and clinical research scientists additional rationale for considering a cryopreserved MSC product in their pre-clinical studies and clinical trials as well as help identify research gaps and guide future related research. Funding: Ontario Institute for Regenerative Medicine
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan Dave
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Shirley H J Mei
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Andrea McRae
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Christine Hum
- Knowledge Synthesis Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Katrina J Sullivan
- Knowledge Synthesis Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Josee Champagne
- Knowledge Synthesis Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tim Ramsay
- Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Lauralyn McIntyre
- Knowledge Synthesis Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Impact of Cryopreservation and Freeze-Thawing on Therapeutic Properties of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells and Other Common Cellular Therapeutics. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2022; 8:72-92. [PMID: 35502223 PMCID: PMC9045030 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-022-00212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Cryopreservation and its associated freezing and thawing procedures–short “freeze-thawing”–are among the final steps in economically viable manufacturing and clinical application of diverse cellular therapeutics. Translation from preclinical proof-of-concept studies to larger clinical trials has indicated that these processes may potentially present an Achilles heel to optimal cell product safety and particularly efficacy in clinical trials and routine use. Recent Findings We review the current state of the literature on how cryopreservation of cellular therapies has evolved and how the application of this technique to different cell types is interlinked with their ability to engraft and function upon transfer in vivo, in particular for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), their progeny, and therapeutic cell products derived thereof. We also discuss pros and cons how this may differ for non-hematopoietic mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) therapeutics. We present different avenues that may be crucial for cell therapy optimization, both, for hematopoietic (e.g., effector, regulatory, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T and NK cell based products) and for non-hematopoietic products, such as MSCs and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), to achieve optimal viability, recovery, effective cell dose, and functionality of the cryorecovered cells. Summary Targeted research into optimizing the cryopreservation and freeze-thawing routines and the adjunct manufacturing process design may provide crucial advantages to increase both the safety and efficacy of cellular therapeutics in clinical use and to enable effective market deployment strategies to become economically viable and sustainable medicines.
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Mönch D, Reinders MEJ, Dahlke MH, Hoogduijn MJ. How to Make Sense out of 75,000 Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Publications? Cells 2022; 11:cells11091419. [PMID: 35563725 PMCID: PMC9101744 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells have been the subject of an expanding number of studies over the past decades. Today, over 75,000 publications are available that shine light on the biological properties and therapeutic effects of these versatile cells in numerous pre-clinical models and early-phase clinical trials. The massive number of papers makes it hard for researchers to comprehend the whole field, and furthermore, they give the impression that mesenchymal stromal cells are wonder cells that are curative for any condition. It is becoming increasingly difficult to dissect how and for what conditions mesenchymal stromal cells exhibit true and reproducible therapeutic effects. This article tries to address the question how to make sense of 75,000, and still counting, publications on mesenchymal stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Mönch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany;
- University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marlies E. J. Reinders
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Marc H. Dahlke
- Department of Surgery, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Martin J. Hoogduijn
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
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Ringdén O, Moll G, Gustafsson B, Sadeghi B. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Enhancing Hematopoietic Engraftment and Treatment of Graft-Versus-Host Disease, Hemorrhages and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:839844. [PMID: 35371003 PMCID: PMC8973075 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.839844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess profound immunomodulatory and regenerative properties that are of clinical use in numerous clinical indications with unmet medical need. Common sources of MSCs include among others, bone marrow (BM), fat, umbilical cord, and placenta-derived decidua stromal cells (DSCs). We here summarize our more than 20-years of scientific experience in the clinical use of MSCs and DSCs in different clinical settings. BM-MSCs were first explored to enhance the engraftment of autografts in hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and osteogenesis imperfecta around 30 years ago. In 2004, our group reported the first anti-inflammatory use of BM-MSCs in a child with grade IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Subsequent studies have shown that MSCs appear to be more effective in acute than chronic GvHD. Today BM-MSC-therapy is registered for acute GvHD in Japan and for GvHD in children in Canada and New Zeeland. MSCs first home to the lung following intravenous injection and exert strong local and systemic immunomodulatory effects on the host immune system. Thus, they were studied for ameliorating the cytokine storm in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Both, MSCs and DSCs were used to treat SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus-induced disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced ARDS. In addition, they were also used for other novel indications, such as pneumomediastinum, colon perforation, and radiculomyelopathy. MSC and DSCs trigger coagulation and were thus explored to stop hemorrhages. DSCs appear to be more effective for acute GvHD, ARDS, and hemorrhages, but randomized studies are needed to prove superiority. Stromal cell infusion is safe, well tolerated, and only gives rise to a slight fever in a limited number of patients, but no major side effects have been reported in multiple safety studies and metaanalysis. In this review we summarize current evidence from in vitro studies, animal models, and importantly our clinical experience, to support stromal cell therapy in multiple clinical indications. This encloses MSC's effects on the immune system, coagulation, and their safety and efficacy, which are discussed in relation to prominent clinical trials within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olle Ringdén
- Translational Cell Therapy Research Group, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology (CLNTEC), Division of Pediatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guido Moll
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) and Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, All Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britt Gustafsson
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Behnam Sadeghi
- Translational Cell Therapy Research Group, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology (CLNTEC), Division of Pediatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Strategies to enhance immunomodulatory properties and reduce heterogeneity in mesenchymal stromal cells during ex vivo expansion. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:456-472. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Advanced approaches to regenerate spinal cord injury: The development of cell and tissue engineering therapy and combinational treatments. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112529. [PMID: 34906773 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a central nervous system (CNS) devastate event that is commonly caused by traumatic or non-traumatic events. The reinnervation of spinal cord axons is hampered through a myriad of devices counting on the damaged myelin, inflammation, glial scar, and defective inhibitory molecules. Unfortunately, an effective treatment to completely repair SCI and improve functional recovery has not been found. In this regard, strategies such as using cells, biomaterials, biomolecules, and drugs have been reported to be effective for SCI recovery. Furthermore, recent advances in combinatorial treatments, which address various aspects of SCI pathophysiology, provide optimistic outcomes for spinal cord regeneration. According to the global importance of SCI, the goal of this article review is to provide an overview of the pathophysiology of SCI, with an emphasis on the latest modes of intervention and current advanced approaches for the treatment of SCI, in conjunction with an assessment of combinatorial approaches in preclinical and clinical trials. So, this article can give scientists and clinicians' clues to help them better understand how to construct preclinical and clinical studies that could lead to a breakthrough in spinal cord regeneration.
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13
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Nykänen AI, Mariscal A, Duong A, Estrada C, Ali A, Hough O, Sage A, Chao BT, Chen M, Gokhale H, Shan H, Bai X, Zehong G, Yeung J, Waddell T, Martinu T, Juvet S, Cypel M, Liu M, Davies JE, Keshavjee S. Engineered mesenchymal stromal cell therapy during human lung ex vivo lung perfusion is compromised by acidic lung microenvironment. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 23:184-197. [PMID: 34703841 PMCID: PMC8516994 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) is an excellent platform to apply novel therapeutics, such as gene and cell therapies, before lung transplantation. We investigated the concept of human donor lung engineering during EVLP by combining gene and cell therapies. Premodified cryopreserved mesenchymal stromal cells with augmented anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 production (MSCIL-10) were administered during EVLP to human lungs that had various degrees of underlying lung injury. Cryopreserved MSCIL-10 had excellent viability, and they immediately and efficiently elevated perfusate and lung tissue IL-10 levels during EVLP. However, MSCIL-10 function was compromised by the poor metabolic conditions present in the most damaged lungs. Similarly, exposing cultured MSCIL-10 to poor metabolic, and especially acidic, conditions decreased their IL-10 production. In conclusion, we found that "off-the-shelf" MSCIL-10 therapy of human lungs during EVLP is safe and feasible, and results in rapid IL-10 elevation, and that the acidic target-tissue microenvironment may compromise the efficacy of cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti I Nykänen
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Andrea Mariscal
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Allen Duong
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Catalina Estrada
- Tissue Regeneration Therapeutics, 790 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1N8, Canada
| | - Aadil Ali
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Olivia Hough
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Andrew Sage
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Bonnie T Chao
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Manyin Chen
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Hemant Gokhale
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Hongchao Shan
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Xiaohui Bai
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Guan Zehong
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Jonathan Yeung
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Tom Waddell
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Tereza Martinu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Stephen Juvet
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Marcelo Cypel
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - John E Davies
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
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Nguyen MQ, Bui HTH, Tuyet ANT, Nhung TTH, Hoang DM, Liem NT, Hoang VT. Comparative Bioactivity Analysis for Off-the-Shelf and Culture-Rescued Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in a Xeno- and Serum-Free Culture System. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211039441. [PMID: 34538123 PMCID: PMC8718162 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211039441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported a standardized xeno- and serum-free culture platform to isolate and expand umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (UC-MSCs). Comparing populations from the same passage, cells that were cryopreserved and culture-rescued exhibited characteristics similar to those of their fresh counterparts, continuously cultured cells without interim cryopreservation. The culture rescue after thawing allowed for the cells to be fully recovered. However, since it would be more cost-effective and timesaving if cryopreserved cells can be used as an off-the-shelf product, we set out to compare the bioactivity of freshly thawed UC-MSCs versus culture-rescued UC-MSCs of the same batch that were recultured for an additional passage under our xeno- and serum-free protocol. UC-MSCs showed high viability in both the freshly thawed and the re-cultured group. Both populations displayed a similar proliferation capacity which is indicated by a comparable population doubling time and colony-forming ability. Both freshly thawed and culture-rescued UC-MSCs expressed the characteristic immunophenotype and were capable of differentiating into osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. On the other hand, culture-rescued cells appeared to be more potent in immunosuppression than freshly thawed cells. In conclusion, freshly thawed and culture-rescued cell products share comparable bioactivity in cell growth and proliferation, immunophenotype, and differentiation potential. However, the culture-rescued cells that were allowed to grow for an additional passage appear to display a more favorable immunomodulatory potential when compared to their freshly thawed parent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Quang Nguyen
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology (VRISG), Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam.,VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hue T H Bui
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology (VRISG), Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Vinmec Institute of Applied Science and Regenerative Medicine (VIASRM), Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anh Nguyen Thi Tuyet
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology (VRISG), Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Vinmec Institute of Applied Science and Regenerative Medicine (VIASRM), Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trinh Thi Hong Nhung
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology (VRISG), Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Vinmec Institute of Applied Science and Regenerative Medicine (VIASRM), Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duc M Hoang
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology (VRISG), Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thanh Liem
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology (VRISG), Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van T Hoang
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology (VRISG), Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
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15
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Calcat-i-Cervera S, Sanz-Nogués C, O'Brien T. When Origin Matters: Properties of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells From Different Sources for Clinical Translation in Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:728496. [PMID: 34616756 PMCID: PMC8488400 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.728496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) offer new prospects to improve the treatment of conditions with unmet medical needs. Kidney diseases are a current major health concern with an increasing global prevalence. Chronic renal failure appears after many years of impairment, which opens a temporary window to apply novel therapeutic approaches to delay or halt disease progression. The immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and pro-regenerative properties of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have sparked interest for their use in cell-based regenerative therapies. Currently, several early-phase clinical trials have been completed and many are ongoing to explore MSC safety and efficacy in a wide range of nephropathies. However, one of the current roadblocks to the clinical translation of MSC therapies relates to the lack of standardization and harmonization of MSC manufacturing protocols, which currently hinders inter-study comparability. Studies have shown that cell culture processing variables can have significant effects on MSC phenotype and functionality, and these are highly variable across laboratories. In addition, heterogeneity within MSC populations is another obstacle. Furthermore, MSCs may be isolated from several sources which adds another variable to the comparative assessment of outcomes. There is now a growing body of literature highlighting unique and distinctive properties of MSCs according to the tissue origin, and that characteristics such as donor, age, sex and underlying medical conditions may alter the therapeutic effect of MSCs. These variables must be taken into consideration when developing a cell therapy product. Having an optimal scale-up strategy for MSC manufacturing is critical for ensuring product quality while minimizing costs and time of production, as well as avoiding potential risks. Ideally, optimal scale-up strategies must be carefully considered and identified during the early stages of development, as making changes later in the bioprocess workflow will require re-optimization and validation, which may have a significant long-term impact on the cost of the therapy. This article provides a summary of important cell culture processing variables to consider in the scale-up of MSC manufacturing as well as giving a comprehensive review of tissue of origin-specific biological characteristics of MSCs and their use in current clinical trials in a range of renal pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Timothy O'Brien
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), CÚRAM, Biomedical Science Building, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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16
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Goals and Challenges of Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Corneal Blindness Due to Limbal Deficiency. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091483. [PMID: 34575560 PMCID: PMC8466237 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal failure is a highly prevalent cause of blindness. One special cause of corneal failure occurs due to malfunction or destruction of the limbal stem cell niche, upon which the superficial cornea depends for homeostatic maintenance and wound healing. Failure of the limbal niche is referred to as limbal stem cell deficiency. As the corneal epithelial stem cell niche is easily accessible, limbal stem cell-based therapy and regenerative medicine applied to the ocular surface are among the most highly advanced forms of this novel approach to disease therapy. However, the challenges are still great, including the development of cell-based products and understanding how they work in the patient's eye. Advances are being made at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels to alter disease processes and to reduce or eliminate blindness. Efforts must be coordinated from the most basic research to the most clinically oriented projects so that cell-based therapies can become an integrated part of the therapeutic armamentarium to fight corneal blindness. We undoubtedly are progressing along the right path because cell-based therapy for eye diseases is one of the most successful examples of global regenerative medicine.
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17
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Mesenchymal stromal cell therapeutic potency is dependent upon viability, route of delivery, and immune match. Blood Adv 2021; 4:1987-1997. [PMID: 32384543 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Culture-adapted bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) deploy paracrine anti-inflammatory and tissue regenerative functionalities that can be harnessed as a living cell pharmaceutical product. Independent of clinical indication, a near majority of human clinical trials administer MSC IV, often with an allogeneic MSC cell product immediately after thawing from cryostorage. Despite hundreds of studies in a wide assortment of inflammatory, degenerative, and acute tissue injury syndromes, human clinical outcomes often fail to mirror promising rigorously conducted preclinical animal studies. Using a mouse model of toxic colitis, we demonstrate that replication fit MSCs harvested in log phase of growth have substantial impact on colitis clinical and pathologic endpoints when delivered subcutaneously or intraperitoneally, whereas the maximum tolerated IV bolus dosing failed to do so. We also demonstrate that heat-inactivated MSCs lose all therapeutic utility and the observation is mirrored by use of viable MSC administered immediately postthaw from cryostorage. Using luciferase transgenic MSC as donor cells, we demonstrate that transient in vivo engraftment is severely compromised when MSCs are dead or thawed and further demonstrate that MSC redosing is feasible in relapsing colitis, but only syngeneic MSCs lead to sustained improvement of clinical endpoints. These data support the notion that pharmaceutical potency of MSC requires viability and functional fitness. Reciprocally, IV administration of thawed MSC products may be biased against positive clinical outcomes for treatment of colitis and that extravascular administration of syngeneic, fit MSCs allows for effect in a recurrent therapy model.
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18
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Bahsoun S, Coopman K, Akam EC. Quantitative assessment of the impact of cryopreservation on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: up to 24 h post-thaw and beyond. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:540. [PMID: 33317625 PMCID: PMC7734731 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of cryopreservation on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) are still ill-defined. In this study, a quantitative approach was adopted to measure several post-thaw cell attributes in order to provide an accurate reflection of the freezing and thawing impact. METHODS Fresh and cryopreserved passage-matched cells from three different donors were discretely analysed and compared for their viability, apoptosis level, phenotypic marker expression, metabolic activity, adhesion potential, proliferation rate, colony-forming unit ability (CFUF) and differentiation potentials. RESULTS The results of this study show that cryopreservation reduces cell viability, increases apoptosis level and impairs hBM-MSC metabolic activity and adhesion potential in the first 4 h after thawing. At 24 h post-thaw, cell viability recovered, and apoptosis level dropped but metabolic activity and adhesion potential remained lower than fresh cells. This suggests that a 24-h period is not enough for a full recovery. Beyond 24 h post-thaw, the observed effects are variable for the three cell lines. While no difference is observed in the pre- and post-cryopreservation proliferation rate, cryopreservation reduced the CFUF ability of two of the cell lines and variably affected the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potentials of the three cell lines. CONCLUSION The data collected in this study clearly show that fresh and cryopreserved hBM-MSCs are different, and these differences will inevitably introduce variabilities to the product and process development and subsequently imply financial losses. In order to avoid product divergence pre- and post-cryopreservation, effective strategies to mitigate freezing effects must be developed and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Bahsoun
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Karen Coopman
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Akam
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
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19
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Egorikhina MN, Rubtsova YP, Aleynik DY. Long-Term Cryostorage of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Containing Hybrid Hydrogel Scaffolds Based on Fibrin and Collagen. Gels 2020; 6:E44. [PMID: 33255558 PMCID: PMC7709639 DOI: 10.3390/gels6040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The most difficult issue when using tissue engineering products is enabling the ability to store them without losing their restorative capacity. The numbers and viability of mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in a hydrogel scaffold after cryostorage at -80 °C (by using, individually, two kinds of cryoprotectors-Bambanker and 10% DMSO (Dimethyl sulfoxide) solution) for 3, 6, 9, and 12 months were determined, with subsequent assessment of cell proliferation after 96 h. The analysis of the cellular component was performed using fluorescence microscopy and the two fluorochromes-Hoechst 3334 and NucGreenTM Dead 488. The experimental protocol ensured the preservation of cells in the scaffold structure, retaining both high viability and proliferative activity during storage for 3 months. Longer storage of scaffolds led to their significant changes. Therefore, after 6 months, the proliferative activity of cells decreased. Cryostorage of scaffolds for 9 months led to a decrease in cells' viability and proliferative activity. As a result of cryostorage of scaffolds for 12 months, a decrease in viability and proliferative activity of cells was observed, as well as pronounced changes in the structure of the hydrogel. The described scaffold cryostorage protocol could become the basis for the development of storage protocols for such tissue engineering products, and for helping to extend the possibilities of their clinical use while accelerating their commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marfa N. Egorikhina
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBEI HE PRMU MOH), 603600 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (Y.P.R.); (D.Y.A.)
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20
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Maki CB, Beck A, Wallis CBCC, Choo J, Ramos T, Tong R, Borjesson DL, Izadyar F. Intra-articular Administration of Allogeneic Adipose Derived MSCs Reduces Pain and Lameness in Dogs With Hip Osteoarthritis: A Double Blinded, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Pilot Study. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:570. [PMID: 33110913 PMCID: PMC7489271 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic effect of allogeneic adipose-derived MSCs on dogs with hip osteoarthritis (OA). Twenty dogs with bilateral osteoarthritis of the coxofemoral (hip) joint, diagnosed by a veterinarian through physical examination and radiographs were randomly allocated into four groups. Group 1 served as a placebo control and were injected with 0.9% sodium chloride (saline) (n = 4). Group 2 were injected with a single dose of 5 million MSCs (n = 5). Group 3 received a single dose of 25 million MSCs (n = 6) and Group 4 received a single dose of 50 million MSCs (n = 5). Intra-articular administration of allogeneic MSCs into multiple joints did not result in any serious adverse events. The average lameness score of the dogs in the placebo control group (−0.31) did not show improvement after 90 days of intra-articular saline administration. However, the average lameness score of the all MSC-treated dogs was improved 2.11 grade at this time point (P < 0.001). Overall, sixty five percent (65%) of the dogs that received various doses of MSCs showed improvement in lameness scores 90 days after intra-articular MSC administration. Our results showed that intra-articular administration of allogeneic adipose derived MSCs was well-tolerated and improved lameness scores and reduced pain in dogs associated with hip OA. All doses of MSCs were effective. Subsequent studies with more animals per group are needed to make a conclusion about the dose response. The improved lameness effect was present up to 90 days post-injection. Serum interleukin 10 was increased in a majority of the dogs that received MSCs and that also had improved lameness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad B Maki
- VetCell Therapeutics USA, Santa Ana, CA, United States
| | - Anthony Beck
- Doctors Beck and Stone Clinic, Discovery Bay, Hong Kong
| | | | - Justin Choo
- Doctors Beck and Stone Clinic, Discovery Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Thomas Ramos
- VetCell Therapeutics USA, Santa Ana, CA, United States
| | | | - Dori L Borjesson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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21
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Dave C, McRae A, Doxtator E, Mei SHJ, Sullivan K, Wolfe D, Champagne J, McIntyre L. Comparison of freshly cultured versus freshly thawed (cryopreserved) mesenchymal stem cells in preclinical in vivo models of inflammation: a protocol for a preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2020; 9:188. [PMID: 32814560 PMCID: PMC7437051 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that demonstrate therapeutic potential for the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory-mediated conditions. Especially for acute conditions, it is critical to have a readily available freshly thawed (cryopreserved) MSC product for rapid administration. Although controversial, some studies suggest that MSCs may lose their functionality with cryopreservation which in turn could render them non-efficacious. OBJECTIVE In controlled preclinical in vivo models of inflammation, to determine if there are differences in surrogate measures of preclinical efficacy between freshly cultured and freshly thawed MSCs METHODS/DESIGN: A systematic search for pre-clinical in vivo inflammatory model studies will compare freshly cultured to freshly thawed MSCs from any source. The primary outcomes will include measures of in vivo preclinical efficacy; secondary outcomes will include measures of in vitro MSC potency. Electronic searches for MEDLINE and EMBASE will be constructed and reviewed by the Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies (PRESS) process. If applicable, study outcomes will be meta-analyzed using a random effects model. Risk of bias will be assessed by the SYRCLE "Risk of Bias" assessment tool for preclinical in vivo studies. DISCUSSION The results of this systematic review will provide translational scientists, clinical trialists, health regulators, and the clinical and public community with the current pre-clinical evidence base related to the efficacy and potency of freshly cultured versus freshly thawed MSCs, help identify evidence gaps, and guide future related research. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION Protocol is submitted to PROSPERO for registration (pending confirmation) and will be submitted to Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies (CAMARADES) for public posting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan Dave
- Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea McRae
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Doxtator
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shirley H J Mei
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katrina Sullivan
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dianna Wolfe
- Knowledge Synthesis Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Josee Champagne
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lauralyn McIntyre
- Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada. .,Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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22
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Chinnadurai R, Forsberg MH, Kink JA, Hematti P, Capitini CM. Use of MSCs and MSC-educated macrophages to mitigate hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2020; 6:77-85. [PMID: 32944493 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-020-00176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Innovative and minimally toxic treatment approaches are sorely needed for the prevention and treatment of hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS). Cell therapies have been increasingly studied for their potential use as countermeasures for accidental and intentional ionizing radiation exposures which can lead to fatal ARS. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are a cell therapy that have shown promising results in preclinical studies of ARS, and are being developed in clinical trials specifically for H-ARS. MSCs, MSC-educated macrophages (MEMs) and MSC-exosome educated macrophages (EEMs) all have the potential to be used as adoptive cell therapies for H-ARS. Here we review how MSCs have been reported to mitigate inflammation from radiation injury while also stimulating hematopoiesis during ARS. Recent findings We discuss emerging work with immune cell subsets educated by MSCs, including MEMs and EEMs, in promoting hematopoiesis in xenogeneic models of ARS. We also discuss the first placental-derived MSC product to enter phase I trials, PLX-R18, and the challenges faced by bringing MSC and other cell therapies into the clinic for treating ARS. Summary Although MSCs, MEMs and EEMs are potential cell therapy candidates in promoting hematopoietic HRS, challenges persist in translational clinical development of these products to the clinic. Whether any of these cellular therapies will be sufficient as stand-alone therapies to mitigate H-ARS or if they will be a bridging therapy that insures survival until a curative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant can be performed are the key questions that will have to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavan Chinnadurai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA
| | - Matthew H Forsberg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - John A Kink
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Christian M Capitini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
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23
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Gramlich OW, Brown AJ, Godwin CR, Chimenti MS, Boland LK, Ankrum JA, Kardon RH. Systemic Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment Mitigates Structural and Functional Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:16. [PMID: 32855863 PMCID: PMC7422913 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.8.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy efficacy on rescuing the visual system in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis (MS) and to provide new mechanistic insights. Methods EAE was induced in female C57BL6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35–55, complete Freund's adjuvant, and pertussis toxin. The findings were compared to sham-immunized mice. Half of the EAE mice received intraperitoneally delivered stem cells (EAE + MSC). Clinical progression was monitored according to a five-point EAE scoring scheme. Pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were measured 32 days after induction. Retinas were harvested to determine retinal ganglion cell (RGC) density and prepared for RNA-sequencing. Results EAE animals that received MSC treatment seven days after EAE induction showed significantly lower motor-sensory impairment, improvement in the PERG amplitude, and preserved RNFL. Analysis of RNA-sequencing data demonstrated statistically significant differences in gene expression in the retina of MSC-treated EAE mice. Differentially expressed genes were enriched for pathways involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress, endothelial cell differentiation, HIF-1 signaling, and cholesterol transport in the MSC-treated EAE group. Conclusions Systemic MSC treatment positively affects RGC function and survival in EAE mice. Better cholesterol handling by increased expression of Abca1, the cholesterol efflux regulatory protein, paired with the resolution of HIF-1 signaling activation might explain the improvements seen in PERG of EAE animals after MSC treatment. Translational Relevance Using MSC therapy in a mouse model of MS, we discovered previously unappreciated biochemical pathways associated with RGC neuroprotection, which have the potential to be pharmacologically targeted as a new treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver W Gramlich
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alexander J Brown
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.,Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cheyanne R Godwin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael S Chimenti
- Iowa Institute of Human Genetics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Lauren K Boland
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering College, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - James A Ankrum
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering College, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Randy H Kardon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
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24
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Boyt DT, Boland LK, Burand AJ, Brown AJ, Ankrum JA. Dose and duration of interferon γ pre-licensing interact with donor characteristics to influence the expression and function of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase in mesenchymal stromal cells. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20190815. [PMID: 32546114 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a leading cell therapy candidate for the treatment of immune and inflammatory diseases due to their potent regulation of immune cells. MSC expression of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) upon interferon γ (IFNγ) exposure has been proposed as both a sentinel marker and key mediator of MSC immunomodulatory potency. Rather than wait for in vivo exposure to cytokines, MSCs can be pre-licensed during manufacturing to enhance IDO expression. In this study, we systematically examine the relative role that the dose of IFNγ, the duration of pre-licensing and the donor of origin play in dictating MSC production of functional IDO. We find that across three human MSC donors, MSCs increase their expression of IDO in response to both increased dose of IFNγ and duration of pre-licensing. However, with extended pre-licensing, the expression of IDO no longer predicts MSCs ability to suppress activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In addition, pre-licensing dose and duration are revealed to be minor modifiers of MSCs inherent potency, and thus cannot be manipulated to boost poor donors to the levels of high-performing donors. Thus, the dose and duration of pre-licensing should be tailored to optimize performance of specific donors and an emphasis on donor selection is needed to realize significant benefits of pre-licensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devlin T Boyt
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Lauren K Boland
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Anthony J Burand
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alex J Brown
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - James A Ankrum
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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25
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Moll G, Hoogduijn MJ, Ankrum JA. Editorial: Safety, Efficacy and Mechanisms of Action of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:243. [PMID: 32133010 PMCID: PMC7040069 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Moll
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin J Hoogduijn
- Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - James A Ankrum
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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26
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Thawed Mesenchymal Stem Cell Product Shows Comparable Immunomodulatory Potency to Cultured Cells In Vitro and in Polymicrobial Septic Animals. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18078. [PMID: 31792313 PMCID: PMC6889371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54462-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to exert immunomodulatory effects in both acute and chronic diseases. In acute inflammatory conditions like sepsis, cell therapy must be administered within hours of diagnosis, requiring "off-the-shelf" cryopreserved allogeneic cell products. However, their immunomodulatory potency, particularly in abilities to modulate innate immune cells, has not been well documented. Herein we compared the stabilities and functionalities of cultured versus thawed, donor-matched MSCs in modulating immune responses in vitro and in vivo. Cultured and thawed MSCs exhibited similar surface marker profiles and viabilities at 0 hr; however, thawed MSCs exhibited higher levels of apoptotic cells beyond 4 hrs. In vitro potency assays showed no significant difference between the abilities of both MSCs (donor-matched) to suppress proliferation of activated T cells, enhance phagocytosis of monocytes, and restore endothelial permeability after injury. Most importantly, in animals with polymicrobial sepsis, both MSCs significantly improved the phagocytic ability of peritoneal lavage cells, and reduced plasma levels of lactate and selected inflammatory cytokines without significant difference between groups. These results show comparable in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory efficacy of thawed and fresh MSC products, providing further evidence for the utility of a cryopreserved MSC product for acute inflammatory diseases.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The emergence of cell-based therapies has brought much excitement to the field of orthopedic sports medicine. However, the significant inconsistency of reporting has led to the poor understanding, misinformation, and false expectations for patients and clinicians alike. In this paper, we aim to clarify the available cell-therapy treatments and summarize some of the latest research. RECENT FINDINGS Although this technology is in early development, our understanding of cell biology has grown significantly over the last decade. Furthermore, it is becoming evident that tissue specificity may play a significant role in determining the effectiveness and overall clinical benefit attributed to cell therapy. Cell therapy is an emerging field with tremendous potential for clinically significant benefit. However, in its current state, clinical application of these treatments is limited by federal regulations, variability in formulation, and limited understanding of the biologic activity of various cell formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijan Dehghani
- Hospital for Special Surgery, 525 East 71 Street, 1st floor, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Scott Rodeo
- Hospital for Special Surgery, 525 East 71 Street, 1st floor, New York, NY 10021 USA
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28
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Bahsoun S, Coopman K, Akam EC. The impact of cryopreservation on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: a systematic review. J Transl Med 2019; 17:397. [PMID: 31783866 PMCID: PMC6883667 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-02136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent an invaluable asset for the field of cell therapy. Human Bone marrow-derived MSCs (hBM-MSCs) are one of the most commonly used cell types in clinical trials. They are currently being studied and tested for the treatment of a wide range of diseases and conditions. The future availability of MSCs therapies to the public will require a robust and reliable delivery process. Cryopreservation represents the gold standard in cell storage and transportation, but its effect on BM-MSCs is still not well established. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the impact of cryopreservation on BM-MSCs and to attempt to uncover the reasons behind some of the controversial results reported in the literature. Forty-one in vitro studies were analysed, and their results organised according to the cell attributes they assess. It was concluded that cryopreservation does not affect BM-MSCs morphology, surface marker expression, differentiation or proliferation potential. However, mixed results exist regarding the effect on colony forming ability and the effects on viability, attachment and migration, genomic stability and paracrine function are undefined mainly due to the huge variabilities governing the cryopreservation process as a whole and to the lack of standardised assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Bahsoun
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Karen Coopman
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Akam
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
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29
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Guadix JA, López-Beas J, Clares B, Soriano-Ruiz JL, Zugaza JL, Gálvez-Martín P. Principal Criteria for Evaluating the Quality, Safety and Efficacy of hMSC-Based Products in Clinical Practice: Current Approaches and Challenges. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11110552. [PMID: 31652984 PMCID: PMC6921040 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) play an important role as new therapeutic alternatives in advanced therapies and regenerative medicine thanks to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, and ability to migrate to the exact area of injury. These properties have made hMSCs one of the more promising cellular active substances at present, particularly in terms of the development of new and innovative hMSC-based products. Currently, numerous clinical trials are being conducted to evaluate the therapeutic activity of hMSC-based products on specific targets. Given the rapidly growing number of hMSC clinical trials in recent years and the complexity of these products due to their cellular component characteristics and medicinal product status, there is a greater need to define more stringent, specific, and harmonized requirements to characterize the quality of the hMSCs and enhance the analysis of their safety and efficacy in final products to be administered to patients. These requirements should be implemented throughout the manufacturing process to guarantee the function and integrity of hMSCs and to ensure that the hMSC-based final product consistently meets its specifications across batches. This paper describes the principal phases involved in the design of the manufacturing process and updates the specific technical requirements needed to address the appropriate clinical use of hMSC-based products. The challenges and limitations to evaluating the safety, efficacy, and quality of hMSCs have been also reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Guadix
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina (IBIMA), Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga E-29071, Spain.
- BIONAND, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (Junta de Andalucía, Universidad de Málaga), c/ Severo Ochoa nº25, Campanillas, Málaga E-29590, Spain.
| | - Javier López-Beas
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville 41092, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Clares
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada E-18071, Spain.
| | - José Luis Soriano-Ruiz
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada E-18071, Spain.
| | - José Luis Zugaza
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain.
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, building 205, Zamudio E-48170, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, Bilbao E-48013, Spain.
| | - Patricia Gálvez-Martín
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada E-18071, Spain.
- R&D Human Health, Bioibérica S.A.U., Barcelona E-08029, Spain.
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30
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Oja S, Kaartinen T, Ahti M, Korhonen M, Laitinen A, Nystedt J. The Utilization of Freezing Steps in Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC) Manufacturing: Potential Impact on Quality and Cell Functionality Attributes. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1627. [PMID: 31379832 PMCID: PMC6646664 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Some recent reports suggest that cryopreserved and thawed mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may have impaired functional properties as compared to freshly harvested MSCs from continuous cultures. A cryopreservation step in the manufacturing process brings important benefits, since it enables immediate off-the-shelf access to the products and a completion of all quality testing before batch release and administration to the patient. Cryopreservation is also inevitable in MSC banking strategies. In this study, we present the results from the MSC stability testing program of our in-house manufactured clinical-grade allogeneic bone marrow-derived MSC product that is expanded in platelet lysate and frozen in passage 2. The current manufacturing protocol contains only one freezing step and the frozen MSC product is thawed bed-side at the clinic. We can conclude superior viability and cell recovery of the frozen and thawed MSC product utilizing the validated freezing and thawing protocols we have developed. The MSC phenotype and differentiation potential was generally found to be unaltered after thawing, but the thawed cells exhibited a 50% reduced, but not completely abolished, performance in an in vitro immunosuppression assay. The in vitro immunosuppression assay results should, however, be interpreted with caution, since the chosen assay mainly measures one specific immunosuppressive mechanism of MSCs to suppress T-cell proliferation. Since at least two freezing steps are usually necessary in MSC banking strategies, we went on to investigate the impact of repeated freezing on MSC quality attributes. We can conclude that two freezing steps with a preceding cell culture phase of at least one passage before freezing is feasible and does not substantially affect basic cell manufacturing parameters or quality attributes of the final frozen and thawed product. Our results suggest, however, that an exhaustive number of freezing steps (≥4) may induce earlier senescence. In conclusion, our results support the utilization of frozen MSC products and MSC banking strategies, but emphasize the need of always performing detailed studies on also the cryopreserved MSC counterpart and to carefully report the cryopreservation and thawing protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Oja
- Advanced Cell Therapy Centre, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tanja Kaartinen
- Advanced Cell Therapy Centre, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Ahti
- Advanced Cell Therapy Centre, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Korhonen
- Advanced Cell Therapy Centre, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anita Laitinen
- Advanced Cell Therapy Centre, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Nystedt
- Advanced Cell Therapy Centre, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland
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31
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Hoogduijn MJ, Lombardo E. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Anno 2019: Dawn of the Therapeutic Era? Concise Review. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:1126-1134. [PMID: 31282113 PMCID: PMC6811696 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
2018 was the year of the first marketing authorization of an allogeneic stem cell therapy by the European Medicines Agency. The authorization concerns the use of allogeneic adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for treatment of complex perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease. This is a breakthrough in the field of MSC therapy. The last few years have, furthermore, seen some breakthroughs in the investigations into the mechanisms of action of MSC therapy. Although the therapeutic effects of MSCs have largely been attributed to their secretion of immunomodulatory and regenerative factors, it has now become clear that some of the effects are mediated through host phagocytic cells that clear administered MSCs and in the process adapt an immunoregulatory and regeneration supporting function. The increased interest in therapeutic use of MSCs and the ongoing elucidation of the mechanisms of action of MSCs are promising indicators that 2019 may be the dawn of the therapeutic era of MSCs and that there will be revived interest in research to more efficient, practical, and sustainable MSC-based therapies. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:1126-1134.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Hoogduijn
- Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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32
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Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Retinal ischemia is a major cause of visual impairment in stroke patients, but our incomplete understanding of its pathology may contribute to a lack of effective treatment. Here, we investigated the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in retinal ischemia and probed the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in mitochondrial repair under such pathological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Nguyen
- From the Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (H.N., J.Y.L., P.R.S., C.V.B.)
| | - Jea Young Lee
- From the Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (H.N., J.Y.L., P.R.S., C.V.B.)
| | - Paul R Sanberg
- From the Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (H.N., J.Y.L., P.R.S., C.V.B.)
| | - Eleonora Napoli
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis (E.N.)
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- From the Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa (H.N., J.Y.L., P.R.S., C.V.B.)
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33
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Cruz FF, Rocco PRM. Cell therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome patients: the START study. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:S1329-S1332. [PMID: 31245124 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.04.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Ferreira Cruz
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Rieken Macedo Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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34
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Perlee D, de Vos AF, Scicluna BP, Mancheño P, de la Rosa O, Dalemans W, Nürnberg P, Lombardo E, van der Poll T. Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modify Lung Immunity and Improve Antibacterial Defense in Pneumosepsis Caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:785-796. [PMID: 31033196 PMCID: PMC6646807 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult mesenchymal stem cells exert immunomodulatory effects that might improve the host response during sepsis. Knowledge on the effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in sepsis is limited. Klebsiella (K.) pneumoniae is a common cause of gram-negative pneumonia and sepsis. This study sought to determine the effect of human ASCs on the host response during pneumosepsis in mice. Mice were infected with K. pneumoniae via the airways to induce a gradually evolving infection in the lung culminating pneumosepsis. One or 6 hours after infection, mice were infused intravenously with ASCs or vehicle, and euthanized after 16 hours or 48 hours, respectively. The effects of freshly cultured and cryopreserved ASCs were compared, the latter formulation being more clinically relevant. Intravenously administered ASCs were visualized in lung tissue by immunostaining at 1 and 3 hours, but not at 15 hours after infusion. Although early after infection, ASCs did not or only modestly influence bacterial loads, they reduced bacterial burdens in lungs and distant organs at 48 hours. ASCs reduced the lung levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and attenuated lung pathology, but did not influence distant organ injury. ASCs strongly modified the lung transcriptome in uninfected mice and especially mice with pneumosepsis. Cryopreserved and cultured ASCs induced largely similar effects on the lung transcriptome. These data indicate that human ASCs induce profound immune modulatory effects in the lungs, resulting in reduced bacterial burdens and lung inflammation during pneumosepsis caused by a common human pathogen, suggesting that ASCs may be an adjunctive therapeutic in this condition. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:785&796.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Perlee
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex F de Vos
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brendon P Scicluna
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Tom van der Poll
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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35
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Rojewski MT, Lotfi R, Gjerde C, Mustafa K, Veronesi E, Ahmed AB, Wiesneth M, Körper S, Sensebé L, Layrolle P, Hellem S, Schrezenmeier H. Translation of a standardized manufacturing protocol for mesenchymal stromal cells: A systematic comparison of validation and manufacturing data. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:468-482. [PMID: 30926359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many data are available on expansion protocols for mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for both experimental settings and manufacturing for clinical trials. However, there is a lack of information on translation of established protocols for Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) from validation to manufacturing for clinical application. We present the validation and translation of a standardized pre-clinical protocol for isolation and expansion of MSCs for a clinical trial for reconstitution of alveolar bone. METHODS Key parameters of 22 large-scale expansions of MSCs from bone marrow (BM) for validation were compared with 11 expansions manufactured for the clinical trial "Jaw bone reconstruction using a combination of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells and biomaterial prior to dental implant placement (MAXILLO1)" aimed at reconstruction of alveolar bone. RESULTS Despite variations of the starting material, the robust protocol led to stable performance characteristics of expanded MSCs. Manufacturing of the autologous advanced therapy medicinal product MAXILLO-1-MSC was possible, requiring 21 days for each product. Transport of BM aspirates and MSCs within 24 h was guaranteed. MSCs fulfilled quality criteria requested by the national competent authority. In one case, the delivered MSCs developed a mosaic in chromosomal finding, showing no abnormality in differentiation capacity, growth behavior or surface marker expression during long-term culture. The proportion of cells with the mosaic decreased in long-term culture and cells stopped growth after 38.4 population doublings. CONCLUSIONS Clinical use of freshly prepared MSCs, manufactured according to a standardized and validated protocol, is feasible for bone regeneration, even if there was a long local distance between manufacturing center and clinical site. Several parameters, such as colony forming units fibroblasts (CFU-F), percentage of CD34+ cells, cell count of mononuclear cells (MNCs) and white blood cells (WBCs), of the BM may serve as a predictive tool for the yield of MSCs and may help to avoid unnecessary costs for MSC manufacturing due to insufficient cell expansion rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Thomas Rojewski
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessia, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Ramin Lotfi
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessia, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cecilie Gjerde
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elena Veronesi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Aymen B Ahmed
- Section for Haematology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Markus Wiesneth
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessia, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sixten Körper
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessia, Ulm, Germany
| | - Luc Sensebé
- UMR5273 Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), UPS, Établissement francais du sang (EFS)-INSERM U1031, STROMAlab, Toulouse, France; Établissement francais du sang (EFS) Pyrénées-Méditeranée, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Layrolle
- Inserm U957, Laboratory for Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sølve Hellem
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessia, Ulm, Germany
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Kumar A, Xu Y, Yang E, Du Y. Stemness and Regenerative Potential of Corneal Stromal Stem Cells and Their Secretome After Long-Term Storage: Implications for Ocular Regeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:3728-3738. [PMID: 30046814 PMCID: PMC6059729 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-23824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the stemness and regenerative potential of cryopreserved corneal stromal stem cells (cryo-CSSCs) after long-term storage. We also used the secretome from these cells to observe the effect on wound-healing capacity of corneal fibroblasts and on the expression of fibrotic markers during wound healing. Methods CSSCs were obtained from three donors and stored in liquid nitrogen for approximately 10 years. Post thaw, cryo-CSSCs were characterized for stemness using phenotypic and genotypic markers along with colony-forming efficiency and three-dimensional spheroid formation. Multilineage differentiation was observed by differentiation into osteocytes, adipocytes, neural cells, and keratocytes. Secretome was harvested by culturing cryo-CSSCs in log phase. Wound-healing capacity was observed by live-cell time-lapse microscopy. Statistical analysis was done using 1-way ANOVA and Tukey posttest. Results CSSCs displayed good viability post thaw and showed >90% expression of stem cell markers CD90, CD73, CD105, STRO1, and CD166. cryo-CSSCs also expressed stem cell genes OCT4, KLF4, and ABCG2, and could also form colonies and three-dimensional spheroids. Multipotency assessment showed that all three cryo-CSSCs could differentiate into osteocytes, adipocytes, neural cells, as shown by β-III tubulin and neurofilament antibody staining and corneal keratocytes as observed by staining for Kera C, J19, and collagen V antibodies. The secretome derived from these three populations could promote the wound healing of corneal fibroblasts and reduce the expression of fibrotic markers SPARC and fibronectin. Conclusions CSSCs maintained their stemness and multipotency after long-term storage, and secretome derived from these cells can be of paramount importance for corneal regeneration and prevention of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Enzhi Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Yiqin Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.,Shanghai Oriental Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Manufacturing of primed mesenchymal stromal cells for therapy. Nat Biomed Eng 2019; 3:90-104. [PMID: 30944433 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-018-0325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for basic research and clinical applications are manufactured and developed as unique cell products by many different manufacturers and laboratories, often under different conditions. The lack of standardization of MSC identity has limited consensus around which MSC properties are relevant for specific outcomes. In this Review, we examine how the choice of media, cell source, culture environment and storage affects the phenotype and clinical utility of MSC-based products, and discuss the techniques better suited to prime MSCs with specific phenotypes of interest and the need for the continued development of standardized assays that provide quality assurance for clinical-grade MSCs. Bioequivalence between cell products and batches must be investigated rather than assumed, so that the diversity of phenotypes between differing MSC products can be accounted for to identify products with the highest therapeutic potential and to preserve their safety in clinical treatments.
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Salmenkari H, Laitinen A, Forsgård RA, Holappa M, Lindén J, Pasanen L, Korhonen M, Korpela R, Nystedt J. The use of unlicensed bone marrow-derived platelet lysate-expanded mesenchymal stromal cells in colitis: a pre-clinical study. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:175-188. [PMID: 30611671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising candidate for treatment of inflammatory disorders, but their efficacy in human inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) has been inconsistent. Comparing the results from various pre-clinical and clinical IBD studies is also challenging due to a large variation in study designs. METHODS In this comparative pre-clinical study, we compared two administration routes and investigated the safety and feasibility of both fresh and cryopreserved platelet-lysate-expanded human bone marrow-derived MSCs without additional licensing in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis mouse model both in the acute and regenerative phases of colitis. Body weight, macroscopic score for inflammation and colonic interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α concentrations were determined in both phases of colitis. Additionally, histopathology was assessed and Il-1β and Agtr1a messenger RNA (mRNA) levels and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) protein levels were measured in the colon in the regenerative phase of colitis. RESULTS Intravenously administered MSCs exhibited modest anti-inflammatory capacity in the acute phase of colitis by reducing IL-1β protein levels in the inflamed colon. There were no clear improvements in mice treated with fresh or cryopreserved unlicensed MSCs according to weight monitoring results, histopathology and macroscopic score results. Pro-inflammatory ACE protein expression and shedding were reduced by cryopreserved MSCs in the colon. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we observed a good safety profile for bone marrow-derived platelet lysate-expanded MSCs in a mouse pre-clinical colitis model, but the therapeutic effect of MSCs prepared without additional licensing (i.e. such as MSCs are administered in graft-versus-host disease) was modest in the chosen in vivo model system and limited to biochemical improvements in cytokines without a clear benefit in histopathology or body weight development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Salmenkari
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anita Laitinen
- Advanced Cell Therapy Centre, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard A Forsgård
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Holappa
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jere Lindén
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Pasanen
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Korhonen
- Advanced Cell Therapy Centre, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riitta Korpela
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Nystedt
- Advanced Cell Therapy Centre, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland.
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Chabot D, Lewin A, Loubaki L, Bazin R. Functional impairment of MSC induced by transient warming events: Correlation with loss of adhesion and altered cell size. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:990-1000. [PMID: 30093326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently showed that transient warming effects decreased the functional and adhesion properties of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) while post-thaw viability remained high. In an attempt to better predict functional impairment of cryopreserved MSC, we further analysed the correlation between viability, immunosuppressive activity and adhesion of cells exposed or not to warming events. METHODS MSC prepared from six umbilical cords were frozen to -130°C and immediately transferred in a dry ice container or exposed to room temperature for 2 to 10 min (warming events) prior to storage in liquid nitrogen. Viability, functionality (inhibition of T-cell proliferation), adhesion and expression of various integrins were evaluated. RESULTS The monotonic loss of functional activity with time was proportional to the length of warming events to which MSC were subjected and correlated with the monotonic loss of adhesion capacity. In contrast, post-thaw viability assessment did not predict functional impairment. Interestingly, flow cytometry analyses revealed the emergence of a FSClow population present in the viable cell fraction of freshly thawed MSC, which displayed poor adhesion capacity and expressed low levels of integrin β5. The prevalence of this FSClow population increased with the length of warming events and correlated with impaired functional and adhesion properties. DISCUSSION Our results reveal that loss of functional activity (4-day test) induced by transient warming events could be predicted by evaluating adhesion (2-hr test) or FSC profile (10-min test) of MSC immediately post-thaw. These observations could lead to the development of surrogate tests for rapidly assessing the functional quality of cryopreserved MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Chabot
- Medical Affairs and Innovation, Héma-Québec, Québec (Qc), Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Laval University, Québec (Qc), Canada
| | - Antoine Lewin
- Medical Affairs and Innovation, Héma-Québec, Québec (Qc), Canada; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke (Qc) Canada
| | - Lionel Loubaki
- Medical Affairs and Innovation, Héma-Québec, Québec (Qc), Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Laval University, Québec (Qc), Canada
| | - RenÉe Bazin
- Medical Affairs and Innovation, Héma-Québec, Québec (Qc), Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Laval University, Québec (Qc), Canada.
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Hiraishi S, Schol J, Sakai D, Nukaga T, Erickson I, Silverman L, Foley K, Watanabe M. Discogenic cell transplantation directly from a cryopreserved state in an induced intervertebral disc degeneration canine model. JOR Spine 2018; 1:e1013. [PMID: 31463441 PMCID: PMC6686803 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A multitude of studies has indicated the potential of cell therapy as a method for intervertebral disc (IVD) regeneration. Transplantation of a variety of cells has been assessed and shown capable of deterring the rate of degeneration in animal models and in human clinical trials. In this study, a novel approach using human discogenic nucleus pulposus cells directly from their cryopreserved state was assessed. In an established canine disc degeneration model, the degeneration process was evaluated in IVDs receiving precultured discogenic cells, thawed-only discogenic cells, and a saline sham injection after induction of degeneration. Degeneration progression was followed over time by the evaluation of the disc height index (DHI). Finally, after 12 weeks, the manipulated and control discs were explanted, histologically stained, and scored. Treated discs demonstrated retained DHI values for all treatment options. Histologic evaluations demonstrated significant improvement of matrix features compared to the sham. Moreover, thawed-only cells function at least as well as precultured discogenic cells. In short, cell transplantation of human discogenic cells directly from their cryopreserved state can arrest disc height degeneration and maintain histological matrix features in a canine disc degeneration model. The presented work demonstrates the potential of an off-the-shelf cell therapy product to treat degenerative disc disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syunsuke Hiraishi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical ScienceTokai University School of MedicineIseharaJapan
| | - Jordy Schol
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical ScienceTokai University School of MedicineIseharaJapan
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical ScienceTokai University School of MedicineIseharaJapan
| | - Tadashi Nukaga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical ScienceTokai University School of MedicineIseharaJapan
| | | | - Lara Silverman
- DiscGenics Inc.Salt Lake CityUtah
- Semmes‐Murphey Clinic & Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennessee
| | - Kevin Foley
- DiscGenics Inc.Salt Lake CityUtah
- Semmes‐Murphey Clinic & Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennessee
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical ScienceTokai University School of MedicineIseharaJapan
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Chinnadurai R, Rajan D, Qayed M, Arafat D, Garcia M, Liu Y, Kugathasan S, Anderson LJ, Gibson G, Galipeau J. Potency Analysis of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Using a Combinatorial Assay Matrix Approach. Cell Rep 2018; 22:2504-2517. [PMID: 29490284 PMCID: PMC5855117 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Assays that can characterize MSC immune potency need to be identified for use in advanced clinical trials. MSCs possess a number of putative regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, and an assay matrix approach may best capture involved effector pathways. We have tested two assay systems to measure the potency of MSCs derived from human subjects: MSC secretome analysis and a quantitative RNA-based array for genes specific to immunomodulatory and homing properties of MSCs. Secretome analysis identified a unique cytokine signature that is upregulated by MSCs or downregulated in responder PBMCs and correlated with T cell suppression. Use of interferon-γ as a surrogate for the action of activated PBMCs on MSCs served as an alternative for the use of human PBMCs as responder cells in a potency assay. Our approach and results define and simplify the multifunctional or matrix responses of MSCs and may serve as a platform for robust potency analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavan Chinnadurai
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Devi Rajan
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Muna Qayed
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dalia Arafat
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | | | - Yifei Liu
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Larry J Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Greg Gibson
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Jacques Galipeau
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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McIntyre LA, Stewart DJ, Mei SHJ, Courtman D, Watpool I, Granton J, Marshall J, dos Santos C, Walley KR, Winston BW, Schlosser K, Fergusson DA. Cellular Immunotherapy for Septic Shock. A Phase I Clinical Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 197:337-347. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201705-1006oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lauralyn A. McIntyre
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, and
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Duncan J. Stewart
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shirley H. J. Mei
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Courtman
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irene Watpool
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - John Marshall
- Department of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claudia dos Santos
- Department of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keith R. Walley
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
| | - Brent W. Winston
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kenny Schlosser
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dean A. Fergusson
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, and
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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IFN-γ and TNF-α Pre-licensing Protects Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from the Pro-inflammatory Effects of Palmitate. Mol Ther 2017; 26:860-873. [PMID: 29352647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and T2D complications is promising; however, the investigation of MSC function in the setting of T2D has not been thoroughly explored. In our current study, we investigated the phenotype and function of MSCs in a simulated in vitro T2D environment. We show that palmitate, but not glucose, exposure impairs MSC metabolic activity with moderate increases in apoptosis, while drastically affecting proliferation and morphology. In co-culture with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), we found that MSCs not only lose their normal suppressive ability in high levels of palmitate, but actively support and enhance inflammation, resulting in elevated PBMC proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. The pro-inflammatory effect of MSCs in palmitate was partially reversed via palmitate removal and fully reversed through pre-licensing MSCs with interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Thus, palmitate, a specific metabolic factor enriched within the T2D environment, is a potent modulator of MSC immunosuppressive function, which may in part explain the depressed potency observed in MSCs isolated from T2D patients. Importantly, we have also identified a robust and durable pre-licensing regimen that protects MSC immunosuppressive function in the setting of T2D.
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Erpicum P, Rowart P, Poma L, Krzesinski JM, Detry O, Jouret F. Administration of mesenchymal stromal cells before renal ischemia/reperfusion attenuates kidney injury and may modulate renal lipid metabolism in rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8687. [PMID: 28819187 PMCID: PMC5561049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08726-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been demonstrated to attenuate renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage in rodent models. The mechanisms of such nephro-protection remain largely unknown. Furthermore, the optimal timing of MSC administration has been poorly investigated. Here, we compare the impact of MSC injection 7 days before (MSCD - 7) versus 1 day after (MSCD + 1) renal I/R in rats. Control groups received equivalent volumes of saline at similar time-points (SD - 7 and SD + 1). Right nephrectomy was performed, and left renal ischemia lasted 45 min. After 48-hour reperfusion, we observed significantly improved renal function parameters, reduced apoptotic index and neutrophil/macrophage infiltration in kidney parenchyma, and lower expression of tubular damage markers and pro-inflammatory cytokines in MSCD - 7 in comparison to MSCD + 1 and saline control groups. Next, comparative high-throughput RNA sequencing of MSCD - 7 vs. SD - 7 non-ischemic right kidneys highlighted significant down-regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis and up-regulation of PPAR-α pathway. Such a preferential regulation towards lipid catabolism was associated with decreased levels of lipid peroxidation products, i.e. malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, in MSCD - 7 versus SD - 7 ischemic kidneys. Our findings suggest that MSC pretreatment may exert protective effects against renal I/R by modulating lipid metabolism in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Erpicum
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Division of Nephrology, University of Liège Hospital (ULg CHU), Liège, Belgium
| | - Pascal Rowart
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurence Poma
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marie Krzesinski
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Division of Nephrology, University of Liège Hospital (ULg CHU), Liège, Belgium
| | - Olivier Detry
- Department of Abdominal Surgery and Transplantation, University of Liège Hospital (ULg CHU), Liège, Belgium.,Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), CREDEC Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - François Jouret
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium. .,Division of Nephrology, University of Liège Hospital (ULg CHU), Liège, Belgium.
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Cellular Reparative Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Retinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081406. [PMID: 28788088 PMCID: PMC5577990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been reported as promising for the treatment of numerous degenerative disorders including the eye. In retinal degenerative diseases, MSCs exhibit the potential to regenerate into retinal neurons and retinal pigmented epithelial cells in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Delivery of MSCs was found to improve retinal morphology and function and delay retinal degeneration. In this review, we revisit the therapeutic role of MSCs in the diseased eye. Furthermore, we reveal the possible cellular mechanisms and identify the associated signaling pathways of MSCs in reversing the pathological conditions of various ocular disorders such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinitis pigmentosa, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. Current stem cell treatment can be dispensed as an independent cell treatment format or with the combination of other approaches. Hence, the improvement of the treatment strategy is largely subjected by our understanding of MSCs mechanism of action.
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Selaginella bryopteris Aqueous Extract Improves Stability and Function of Cryopreserved Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:8530656. [PMID: 28811868 PMCID: PMC5546052 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8530656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The effective long-term cryopreservation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is an essential prerequisite step and represents a critical approach for their sustained supply in basic research, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering applications. Therefore, attempts have been made in the present investigation to formulate a freezing solution consisting of a combination of Selaginella bryopteris water-soluble extract with and without dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) for the efficient long-term storage of human umbilical cord blood- (hUCB-) derived MSCs. The cryopreservation experiment using the formulated freezing solution was further performed with hUCB MSCs in a controlled rate freezer. A significant increase in postthaw cell viability and cell attachment of MSCs was achieved with freezing medium containing Selaginella bryopteris water extract along with 10% Me2SO as compared to the freezing medium containing Me2SO (10% v/v) alone. Furthermore, the decreasing apoptotic events and reactive oxygen species production along with increasing expression of heat shock proteins also confirmed the beneficial effect of Selaginella bryopteris water extract. The beneficial effect of Selaginella bryopteris water extract was validated by its ability to render postpreservation high cell viability. In conclusion, the formulated freezing solution has been demonstrated to be effective for the standardization of cryopreservation protocol for hMSCs.
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Avercenc-Léger L, Guerci P, Virion JM, Cauchois G, Hupont S, Rahouadj R, Magdalou J, Stoltz JF, Bensoussan D, Huselstein C, Reppel L. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells: predictive obstetric factors for cell proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:161. [PMID: 28676126 PMCID: PMC5497358 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0609-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The umbilical cord is becoming a notable alternative to bone marrow (BM) as a source of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). Although age-dependent variations in BM-MSC are well described, less data are available for MSC isolated from Wharton’s jelly (WJ-MSC). We initiated a study to identify whether obstetric factors influenced MSC properties. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between a large number of obstetric factors collected during pregnancy and until peripartum (related to the mother, the labor and delivery, and the newborn) with WJ-MSC proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation parameters. Methods Correlations were made between 27 obstetric factors and 8 biological indicators including doubling time at passage (P)1 and P2, the percentage of proteoglycans and collagens, and the relative transcriptional expression of Sox-9, aggrecans, and total type 2 collagen (Coll2T). Results Amongst the obstetric factors considered, birth weight, the number of amenorrhea weeks, placental weight, normal pregnancy, and the absence of preeclampsia were identified as relevant factors for cell expansion, using multivariate linear regression analysis. Since all the above parameters are related to term, we concluded that WJ-MSC from healthy, full-term infants exhibit greater proliferation capacity. As for chondrogenesis, we also observed that obstetric factors influencing proliferation seemed beneficial, with no negative impact on MSC differentiation. Conclusions Awareness of obstetric factors influencing the proliferation and/or differentiation of WJ-MSC will make it possible to define criteria for collecting optimal umbilical cords with the aim of decreasing the variability of WJ-MSC batches produced for clinical use in cell and tissue engineering. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0609-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léonore Avercenc-Léger
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus biologie-santé, Faculté de Médecine, Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 184, 54500, Vandoeuvre-Les-nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France.,FR3209 CNRS BMCT - Bio-Ingénierie Moléculaire Cellulaire et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Philippe Guerci
- CHRU de Nancy, Maternité Régionale Universitaire, Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Marc Virion
- CHRU de Nancy, Epidémiologie et Evaluation Cliniques, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Ghislaine Cauchois
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus biologie-santé, Faculté de Médecine, Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 184, 54500, Vandoeuvre-Les-nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France.,FR3209 CNRS BMCT - Bio-Ingénierie Moléculaire Cellulaire et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Sébastien Hupont
- FR3209 CNRS BMCT - Bio-Ingénierie Moléculaire Cellulaire et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Rachid Rahouadj
- Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France.,UMR 7563 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, LEMTA, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jacques Magdalou
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus biologie-santé, Faculté de Médecine, Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 184, 54500, Vandoeuvre-Les-nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France.,FR3209 CNRS BMCT - Bio-Ingénierie Moléculaire Cellulaire et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jean-François Stoltz
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus biologie-santé, Faculté de Médecine, Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 184, 54500, Vandoeuvre-Les-nancy, France.,CHRU de Nancy, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire¸ Banque de Tissus, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France.,FR3209 CNRS BMCT - Bio-Ingénierie Moléculaire Cellulaire et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Danièle Bensoussan
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus biologie-santé, Faculté de Médecine, Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 184, 54500, Vandoeuvre-Les-nancy, France.,CHRU de Nancy, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire¸ Banque de Tissus, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France.,FR3209 CNRS BMCT - Bio-Ingénierie Moléculaire Cellulaire et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Céline Huselstein
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus biologie-santé, Faculté de Médecine, Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 184, 54500, Vandoeuvre-Les-nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France.,FR3209 CNRS BMCT - Bio-Ingénierie Moléculaire Cellulaire et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Loïc Reppel
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus biologie-santé, Faculté de Médecine, Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 184, 54500, Vandoeuvre-Les-nancy, France. .,CHRU de Nancy, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire¸ Banque de Tissus, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France. .,Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France. .,FR3209 CNRS BMCT - Bio-Ingénierie Moléculaire Cellulaire et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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Kaplan A, Sackett K, Sumstad D, Kadidlo D, McKenna DH. Impact of starting material (fresh versus cryopreserved marrow) on mesenchymal stem cell culture. Transfusion 2017; 57:2216-2219. [PMID: 28653392 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) continue to be investigated in multiple clinical trials as potential therapy for different disorders. There is ongoing controversy surrounding the clinical use of cryopreserved versus fresh MSCs. However, little is known about how cryopreservation affects marrow as starting material. The growth kinetics of MSC cultures derived from fresh versus cryopreserved marrow were compared. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Data were reviewed on the growth kinetics of MSCs derived from fresh versus cryopreserved marrow of nine donors. Marrow harvested from each donor was separated into four aliquots (one fresh and three cryopreserved for culture). Data on the date of mononuclear cell cryopreservation/thaw, MSC counts at Passages 1 and 2, MSC doubling, MSC fold expansion, viability (of mononuclear cells and final MSCs), and on flow cytometry markers of mononuclear cells and final MSCs were analyzed for the fresh and cryopreserved marrow groups. RESULTS In total, 21 MSC lots (seven fresh and 14 cryopreserved) were obtained. The average age of cryopreserved mononuclear cell product was 295 days (range, 18-1241 days). There were no significant differences between MSC numbers at Passage 1 (p = 0.1), final MSC numbers (p = 0.5), MSC doubling (p = 0.7), or MSC fold expansion (p = 0.7). A significant difference was observed in viability by flow cytometry for both mononuclear cells (p = 0.002) and final MSCs (p = 0.009), with higher viability in the fresh marrow group. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that MSCs derived from cryopreserved marrow have the same growth characteristics as fresh marrow-derived MSCs. Further studies are needed to explore potential differences in clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alesia Kaplan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.,Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Katie Sackett
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, , Transfusion Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Darin Sumstad
- Clinical Cell Therapy Laboratory, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Dianne Kadidlo
- Clinical Cell Therapy Laboratory, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - David H McKenna
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, , Transfusion Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Clinical Cell Therapy Laboratory, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota
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Intra-Articular Injection of Human Synovial Membrane-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Murine Collagen-Induced Arthritis: Assessment of Immunomodulatory Capacity In Vivo. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:9198328. [PMID: 28751919 PMCID: PMC5497673 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9198328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of human synovial membrane-derived MSCs (SM-MSCs) in murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Male mice (age 7–9 weeks) were injected intra-articularly with SM-MSCs obtained from patients with osteoarthritis, on days 28, 32, and 38 after bovine type II collagen immunization. The efficacy of SM-MSCs in CIA was evaluated clinically and histologically. Cytokine profile analyses were performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and multiplex analyses. Splenic helper T (Th) cell and regulatory B cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. Intra-articular SM-MSC injection ameliorated the clinical and histological severity of arthritis. Decrease in tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and interleukin- (IL-) 17A and increase in IL-10 production were observed after SM-MSC treatment. Flow cytometry showed that Th1 and Th17 cells decreased, whereas Th2, regulatory T (Treg), and PD-1+CXCR5+FoxP3+ follicular Treg cells increased in the spleens of SM-MSC-treated mice. Regulatory B cell analysis showed that CD21hiCD23hi transitional 2 cells, CD23lowCD21hi marginal zone cells, and CD19+CD5+CD1d+IL-10+ regulatory B cells increased following SM-MSC treatment. Our results demonstrated that SM-MSCs injected in inflamed joints in CIA had a therapeutic effect and could prevent arthritis development and suppress immune responses via immunoregulatory cell expansion.
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Chabot D, Tremblay T, Paré I, Bazin R, Loubaki L. Transient warming events occurring after freezing impairs umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells functionality. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:978-989. [PMID: 28606762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown promising results for the treatment of refractory acute graft-versus-host disease. While safety of MSC infusion has been demonstrated, the use of cryopreserved MSCs in clinical trials has raised concerns regarding the retention of their functional activity. This has led to the recommendation by experts in the field to use freshly harvested MSCs, even though this approach is much less practical from a logistic point of view. In the present study, we revisited the impact of cryopreservation on MSC functionality and addressed the possibility that warming events on frozen cells rather than cryopreservation per se could impact MSC functionality. METHODS Following controlled-rate freezing to -130°C, umbilical cord-derived MSCs were left at room temperature (RT) for 2-10 min or on dry ice for 10 min, before being transferred into liquid nitrogen (LqN2). MSCs of each group were subsequently tested (viability, functionality and cellular damage) and compared with their freshly harvested counterparts. RESULTS We demonstrated that freshly harvested MSCs as well as cryopreserved MSCs that were left on dry ice following step-down freezing have comparable viability, functionality and integrity. In contrast, cryopreserved MSCs that were left at RT before being transferred into LqN2 were functionally impaired and showed cellular damage upon thawing even though they exhibited high viability. DISCUSSION Warming events after freezing and not cryopreservation per se significantly impair MSC functionality, indicating that cryopreserved MSCs can be an advantageous alternative to freshly harvested cells for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Chabot
- Department of Research and Development, Héma-Québec, Québec City, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Tony Tremblay
- Department of Research and Development, Héma-Québec, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Paré
- Department of Research and Development, Héma-Québec, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Renée Bazin
- Department of Research and Development, Héma-Québec, Québec City, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Lionel Loubaki
- Department of Research and Development, Héma-Québec, Québec City, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada.
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