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Lee HJ, Oh JY. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Induce Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in the Bone Marrow via the Activation of the c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1119. [PMID: 38256195 PMCID: PMC10816501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) induce the differentiation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the bone marrow (BM) under inflammatory conditions. In this study, we aimed to investigate the signaling pathway involved. RNA-seq revealed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway exhibited the highest number of upregulated genes in MSC-induced MDSCs. Western blot analysis confirmed the strong phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in BM cells cocultured with MSCs under granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulation, whereas p38 kinase activation remained unchanged in MSC-cocultured BM cells. JNK inhibition by SP600125 abolished the expression of Arg1 and Nos2, hallmark genes of MDSCs, as well as Hif1a, a molecule mediating monocyte functional reprogramming toward a suppressive phenotype, in MSC-cocultured BM cells. JNK inhibition also abrogated the effects of MSCs on the production of TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and IL-10 in BM cells. Furthermore, JNK inhibition increased Tnfa expression, while suppressing IL-10 production, in MSC-cocultured BM cells in response to lipopolysaccharides. Collectively, our results suggest that MSCs induce MDSC differentiation and promote immunoregulatory cytokine production in BM cells during inflammation, at least in part, through the activation of the JNK-MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Lee
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea;
| | - Joo Youn Oh
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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Khan MA, Lau CL, Krupnick AS. Monitoring regulatory T cells as a prognostic marker in lung transplantation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1235889. [PMID: 37818354 PMCID: PMC10561299 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1235889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung transplantation is the major surgical procedure, which restores normal lung functioning and provides years of life for patients suffering from major lung diseases. Lung transplant recipients are at high risk of primary graft dysfunction, and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) in the form of bronchiolitis obliterative syndrome (BOS). Regulatory T cell (Treg) suppresses effector cells and clinical studies have demonstrated that Treg levels are altered in transplanted lung during BOS progression as compared to normal lung. Here, we discuss levels of Tregs/FOXP3 gene expression as a crucial prognostic biomarker of lung functions during CLAD progression in clinical lung transplant recipients. The review will also discuss Treg mediated immune tolerance, tissue repair, and therapeutic strategies for achieving in-vivo Treg expansion, which will be a potential therapeutic option to reduce inflammation-mediated graft injuries, taper the toxic side effects of ongoing immunosuppressants, and improve lung transplant survival rates.
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3
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Jakl V, Popp T, Haupt J, Port M, Roesler R, Wiese S, Friemert B, Rojewski MT, Schrezenmeier H. Effect of Expansion Media on Functional Characteristics of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2105. [PMID: 37626914 PMCID: PMC10453497 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has been shown to rely on their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. In order to obtain sufficient numbers of cells for clinical applications, MSCs have to be expanded ex vivo. Expansion media with xenogeneic-free (XF) growth-promoting supplements like human platelet lysate (PL) or serum- and xenogeneic-free (SF/XF) formulations have been established as safe and efficient, and both groups provide different beneficial qualities. In this study, MSCs were expanded in XF or SF/XF media as well as in mixtures thereof. MSCs cultured in these media were analyzed for phenotypic and functional properties. MSC expansion was optimal with SF/XF conditions when PL was present. Metabolic patterns, consumption of growth factors, and secretome of MSCs differed depending on the type and concentration of supplement. The lactate per glucose yield increased along with a higher proportion of PL. Many factors in the supernatant of cultured MSCs showed distinct patterns depending on the supplement (e.g., FGF-2, TGFβ, and insulin only in PL-expanded MSC, and leptin, sCD40L PDGF-AA only in SF/XF-expanded MSC). This also resulted in changes in cell characteristics like migratory potential. These findings support current approaches where growth media may be utilized for priming MSCs for specific therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Jakl
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.)
| | - Tanja Popp
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, 80937 Munich, Germany (J.H.); (M.P.)
| | - Julian Haupt
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, 80937 Munich, Germany (J.H.); (M.P.)
- Clinic for Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, Army Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, 80937 Munich, Germany (J.H.); (M.P.)
| | - Reinhild Roesler
- Core Unit of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (R.R.); (S.W.)
| | - Sebastian Wiese
- Core Unit of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (R.R.); (S.W.)
| | - Benedikt Friemert
- Clinic for Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, Army Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus T. Rojewski
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.)
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg—Hessia and University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.J.)
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg—Hessia and University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Joshi JM, Muttigi MS, Upadhya R, Seetharam RN. An overview of the current advances in the treatment of inflammatory diseases using mesenchymal stromal cell secretome. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2023:1-11. [PMID: 36786742 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2023.2180388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy has been leading to the utilization of its therapeutic properties in a variety of inflammatory diseases. The clinical translation of the related research from bench to bedside is cumbersome due to some obvious limitations of cell therapy. It is evident from the literature that the MSC secretome components mediate their wide range of functions. Cell-free therapy using MSC secretome is being considered as an emerging and promising area of biotherapeutics. The secretome mainly consists of bioactive factors, free nucleic acids, and extracellular vesicles. Constituents of the secretome are greatly influenced by the cell's microenvironment. The broad array of immunomodulatory properties of MSCs are now being employed to target inflammatory diseases. This review focuses on the emerging MSC secretome therapies for various inflammatory diseases. The mechanism of action of the various anti-inflammatory factors is discussed. The potential of MSC secretome as a viable anti-inflammatory therapy is deliberated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahnavy Madhukar Joshi
- Manipal Center for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjunatha S Muttigi
- Manipal Center for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghavendra Upadhya
- Manipal Center for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Raviraja N Seetharam
- Manipal Center for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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La Russa D, Di Santo C, Lizasoain I, Moraga A, Bagetta G, Amantea D. Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α-Stimulated Gene 6 (TSG-6): A Promising Immunomodulatory Target in Acute Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021162. [PMID: 36674674 PMCID: PMC9865344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6), the first soluble chemokine-binding protein to be identified in mammals, inhibits chemotaxis and transendothelial migration of neutrophils and attenuates the inflammatory response of dendritic cells, macrophages, monocytes, and T cells. This immunoregulatory protein is a pivotal mediator of the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) in diverse pathological conditions, including neuroinflammation. However, TSG-6 is also constitutively expressed in some tissues, such as the brain and spinal cord, and is generally upregulated in response to inflammation in monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, astrocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. Due to its ability to modulate sterile inflammation, TSG-6 exerts protective effects in diverse degenerative and inflammatory diseases, including brain disorders. Emerging evidence provides insights into the potential use of TSG-6 as a peripheral diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker, especially in the context of ischemic stroke, whereby the pathobiological relevance of this protein has also been demonstrated in patients. Thus, in this review, we will discuss the most recent data on the involvement of TSG-6 in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly focusing on relevant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions. Furthermore, we will examine evidence suggesting novel therapeutic opportunities that can be afforded by modulating TSG-6-related pathways in neuropathological contexts and, most notably, in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele La Russa
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Santo
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Ignacio Lizasoain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Moraga
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, and Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Giacinto Bagetta
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Diana Amantea
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Li W, Liu Q, Shi J, Xu X, Xu J. The role of TNF-α in the fate regulation and functional reprogramming of mesenchymal stem cells in an inflammatory microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1074863. [PMID: 36814921 PMCID: PMC9940754 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1074863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent stem cells with multidirectional differentiation potential and strong immunomodulatory capacity. MSCs have been widely used in the treatment of injured, inflammatory, and immune-related diseases. Resting MSCs lack differentiation and immunomodulatory ability. Instead, they rely on microenvironmental factors to: 1) stimulate and regulate their expression of specific cell growth factors, chemokines, immunomodulatory factors, or receptors; or 2) direct their differentiation into specific tissue cells, which ultimately perform tissue regeneration and repair and immunomodulatory functions. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is central to the creation of an inflammatory microenvironment. TNF-α regulates the fate and functional reprogramming of MSCs, either alone or in combination with a variety of other inflammatory factors. TNF-α can exert opposing effects on MSCs, from inducing MSC apoptosis to enhancing their anti-tumor capacity. In addition, the immunomodulation and osteogenic differentiation capacities of MSCs, as well as their exosome or microvesicle components vary significantly with TNF-α stimulating concentration, time of administration, or its use in combination with or without other factors. Therefore, this review discusses the impact of TNF-α on the fate and functional reprogramming of MSCs in the inflammatory microenvironment, to provide new directions for improving the immunomodulatory and tissue repair functions of MSCs and enhance their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Li
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Research and Development, Ankerui (Shanxi) Biological Cell Co., Ltd., Shanxi, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of Research and Development, Ankerui (Shanxi) Biological Cell Co., Ltd., Shanxi, China
| | - Jinchao Shi
- Department of Research and Development, Ankerui (Shanxi) Biological Cell Co., Ltd., Shanxi, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Severe Burn-Induced Multiple Organ Injury via Potentiating IGF-1 and BCL-2/BAX Pathway. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:5474289. [PMID: 36591374 PMCID: PMC9803581 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5474289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early multiple organ injuries induced by severe burn predict a high mortality. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to repair and reconstruct the injured tissues and organs induced by trauma and diseases. However, potential protective effect and mechanism of MSCs on multiorgan injury induced by severe burn at early stage remain to be not clarified. Therefore, this study was to explore the effect and mechanism of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (hUCMSCs) against severe burn-induced early organ injuries in rats. Methods Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham, burn, and burn+hUCMSCsgroups. GFP-labeled hUCMSCs or PBS was intravenous injected into respective groups. Migration and distribution patterns of GFP-labeled hUCMSCs were observed by inverted fluorescence microscope. The structures and cell apoptosis of the heart, kidney, and liver were measured by immunohistochemistry. Biochemical parameters in serum were assayed by standard Roche-Hitachi methodology. Western blotting was performed on these organs of rats in the three groups to explore the underlying mechanisms. Results At 24 hours after hUCMSCs transplantation, we found that GFP-labeled hUCMSCs mainly localized in the blood vessel of the heart, kidney, and liver and a very few cells migrated into tissues of these organs. Compared with the sham group, structure damages and cell apoptosis of these organs were induced by severe burn, and systematic administrations of hUCMSCs significantly improved the damaged structures, cell apoptosis rates, and biochemical parameters of these organs. Furthermore, IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) level in burn+hUCMSCs group was significantly higher than that in the sham and burn groups. Meanwhile, severe burn induced BCL-2/BAX significantly decreased compared to the sham group, and it was markedly increased by hUCMSCs administration. Conclusion The hUCMSCs transplantation can attenuate severe burn-induced early organ injuries and protect multiorgan functions by encouraging migration of hUCMSCs with blood circulation and increasing protective cytokine IGF-1 level and regulating BCL-2/BAX pathway of these vital organs. Furthermore, these data might provide the theoretical foundation for further clinical applications of hUCMSCs in burn areas.
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8
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An update on the role of tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulating gene-6 in inflammatory diseases. Mol Immunol 2022; 152:224-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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9
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Kuppa SS, Kim HK, Kang JY, Lee SC, Seon JK. Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Paracrine Mediators in Macrophage Polarization: An Approach to Reduce Inflammation in Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13016. [PMID: 36361805 PMCID: PMC9658630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a low-grade inflammatory disorder of the joints that causes deterioration of the cartilage, bone remodeling, formation of osteophytes, meniscal damage, and synovial inflammation (synovitis). The synovium is the primary site of inflammation in OA and is frequently characterized by hyperplasia of the synovial lining and infiltration of inflammatory cells, primarily macrophages. Macrophages play a crucial role in the early inflammatory response through the production of several inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and proteinases. These pro-inflammatory mediators are activators of numerous signaling pathways that trigger other cytokines to further recruit more macrophages to the joint, ultimately leading to pain and disease progression. Very few therapeutic alternatives are available for treating inflammation in OA due to the condition's low self-healing capacity and the lack of clear diagnostic biomarkers. In this review, we opted to explore the immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their paracrine mediators-dependent as a therapeutic intervention for OA, with a primary focus on the practicality of polarizing macrophages as suppression of M1 macrophages and enhancement of M2 macrophages can significantly reduce OA symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sree Samanvitha Kuppa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Center for Joint Disease of Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup 519-763, Korea
- Korea Biomedical Materials and Devices Innovation Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-757, Korea
| | - Hyung Keun Kim
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Center for Joint Disease of Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup 519-763, Korea
- Korea Biomedical Materials and Devices Innovation Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-757, Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Center for Joint Disease of Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup 519-763, Korea
- Korea Biomedical Materials and Devices Innovation Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-757, Korea
| | - Seok Cheol Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Center for Joint Disease of Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup 519-763, Korea
- Korea Biomedical Materials and Devices Innovation Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-757, Korea
| | - Jong Keun Seon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Center for Joint Disease of Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup 519-763, Korea
- Korea Biomedical Materials and Devices Innovation Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-757, Korea
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Roy TK, Uniyal A, Tiwari V. Multifactorial pathways in burn injury-induced chronic pain: novel targets and their pharmacological modulation. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:12121-12132. [PMID: 35842856 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07748-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Burn injuries are among the highly prevalent medical conditions worldwide that occur mainly in children, military veterans and victims of fire accidents. It is one of the leading causes of temporary as well as permanent disabilities in patients. Burn injuries are accompanied by pain that persists even after recovery from tissue damage which puts immense pressure on the healthcare system. The pathophysiology of burn pain is poorly understood due to its complex nature and lack of considerable preclinical and clinical shreds of evidence, that creates a substantial barrier to the development of new analgesics. Burns damage the skin layers supplied with nociceptors such as NAV1.7, TRPV1, and TRPA1. Burn injury-mediated co-localization and simultaneous activation of TRPA1 and TRPV1 in nociceptive primary afferent C-fibers which contributes to the development and maintenance of chronic pain. Burn injuries are accompanied by central sensitization, a key feature of pain pathophysiology mainly driven by a series of cascades involving aberrations in the glutamatergic system, microglial activation, release of neuropeptides, cytokines, and chemokines. Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, altered endogenous opioid signaling, and distorted genomic expression are other pathophysiological factors responsible for the development and maintenance of burn pain. Here we discuss comprehensive literature on molecular mechanisms of burn pain and potential targets that could be translated into near future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Kumar Roy
- Neuroscience & Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, U.P, India
| | - Ankit Uniyal
- Neuroscience & Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, U.P, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Neuroscience & Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, U.P, India.
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Mulder PPG, Koenen HJPM, Vlig M, Joosten I, de Vries RBM, Boekema BKHL. Burn-Induced Local and Systemic Immune Response: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Animal Studies. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:3093-3109.e15. [PMID: 35623415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
As burn injuries are often followed by a derailed immune response and excessive inflammation, a thorough understanding of the occurring reactions is key to prevent secondary complications. This systematic review, that includes 247 animal studies, shows the post-burn response of 14 different immune cell types involved in immediate and long-term effects, in both wound tissue and circulation. Peripheral blood neutrophil and monocyte numbers increased directly after burns, whereas thrombocyte numbers increased near the end of the first week. Lymphocyte numbers, however, were decreased for at least two weeks. In burn wound tissue, neutrophil and macrophage numbers accumulated during the first three weeks. Burns also altered cellular functions as we found increased migratory potential of leukocytes, impaired antibacterial activity of neutrophils and enhanced inflammatory mediator production by macrophages. Neutrophil surges were positively associated with burn size and were highest in rats. Altogether, this comprehensive overview of the temporal immune cell dynamics shows that unlike normal wound healing, burn injury induces a long-lasting inflammatory response. It provides a fundamental research basis to improve experimental set-ups, burn care and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick P G Mulder
- Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Preclinical Research, Beverwijk, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Hans J P M Koenen
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Vlig
- Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Preclinical Research, Beverwijk, the Netherlands
| | - Irma Joosten
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rob B M de Vries
- SYRCLE, Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bouke K H L Boekema
- Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Preclinical Research, Beverwijk, the Netherlands
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12
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Shokravi S, Borisov V, Zaman BA, Niazvand F, Hazrati R, Khah MM, Thangavelu L, Marzban S, Sohrabi A, Zamani A. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their exosome in acute liver failure (ALF): a comprehensive review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:192. [PMID: 35527304 PMCID: PMC9080215 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02825-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their derivative exosome have become a promising approach in the context of liver diseases therapy, in particular, acute liver failure (ALF). In addition to their differentiation into hepatocytes in vivo, which is partially involved in liver regeneration, MSCs support liver regeneration as a result of their appreciated competencies, such as antiapoptotic, immunomodulatory, antifibrotic, and also antioxidant attributes. Further, MSCs-secreted molecules inspire hepatocyte proliferation in vivo, facilitating damaged tissue recovery in ALF. Given these properties, various MSCs-based approaches have evolved and resulted in encouraging outcomes in ALF animal models and also displayed safety and also modest efficacy in human studies, providing a new avenue for ALF therapy. Irrespective of MSCs-derived exosome, MSCs-based strategies in ALF include administration of native MSCs, genetically modified MSCs, pretreated MSCs, MSCs delivery using biomaterials, and also MSCs in combination with and other therapeutic molecules or modalities. Herein, we will deliver an overview regarding the therapeutic effects of the MSCs and their exosomes in ALF. As well, we will discuss recent progress in preclinical and clinical studies and current challenges in MSCs-based therapies in ALF, with a special focus on in vivo reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samin Shokravi
- Department of Research and Academic Affairs, Larkin Community Hospital, Miami, FL USA
| | - Vitaliy Borisov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Burhan Abdullah Zaman
- Basic Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Duhok, Duhok, Kurdistan Region Iraq
| | - Firoozeh Niazvand
- School of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Raheleh Hazrati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacy Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Meysam Mohammadi Khah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Sima Marzban
- Department of Research and Academic Affairs, Larkin Community Hospital, Miami, FL USA
| | - Armin Sohrabi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Zamani
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate Acute Lung Injury Caused by Severe Burn via Secreting TSG-6 and Inhibiting Inflammatory Response. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:8661689. [PMID: 35222649 PMCID: PMC8881119 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8661689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate whether hUC-MSCs attenuated severe burn-induced ALI and the effects were based on TSG-6 secreted from hUC-MSCs. Method A rat model was established and evaluated as follows: cytokine expression was measured by ELISA, and both inflammatory cell infiltration and lung injury were assessed by immunohistochemistry assay. Results In vitro, TSG-6 levels in serum from the burn group were significantly increased compared with those from the sham group. In vivo, TSG-6 levels of lung tissues and serum in the burn+hUC-MSC group were significantly increased compared with those in the burn group. Both in lung tissues and in serum, increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were remarkably decreased, but the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased after hUC-MSC administration (p < 0.05). These significant positive effects after hUC-MSC transplantation did not occur in the burn+siTSG-6 group. Conclusion The intratracheal implantation of hUC-MSCs has been an effective treatment for severe burn-induced ALI via promoting TSG-6 secretion and inhibiting inflammatory reaction in lung tissue.
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14
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Kheirjou R, Rad JS, Khosroshahi AF, Davaran S, Roshangar L. Evaluation the ability of acellular ovine small intestine submucosa to load and release of mineral pitch and its anti-inflammatory effects. Cell Tissue Bank 2022; 23:541-555. [PMID: 35083606 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-021-09985-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Injury from the severe burn is exacerbated by a persistent inflammatory response. This response is mediated by cytokines and chemokines, which are released from various immune cells, including mast cells. In this study, the ability of the acellular ovine small intestine submucosa (AOSIS) to load and release of Mineral Pitch (MP) was first investigated, and it was found that the preparation of the scaffold by a modified method enables it to load and release water-soluble drugs. Then, 32 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups, a third-degree burn was created, and except for the control group, the others were treated with: AOSIS, WJ-MSCs seeded AOSIS, or AOSIS loaded with WJ-MSCs and MP. Wound sampling on the 5th day after treatment showed that the number of intact and degranulated mast cells in the treatment groups was associated with a decrease compared to the control group. In the last group, this decrease was the largest (and statically significant (p < 0.05)). Also, by measuring the level of inflammatory factors in blood serum, it was found that in the treatment groups compared to the control group, IL-10 was associated with an increase, and TNF-α was associated with a decrease. The changes in inflammatory factors were more significant (p < 0.05) in the last group. So, our results indicate that AOSIS loaded with WJ-MSCs and MP could be used as an innovative tissue-engineered device to control inflammatory condition during burn wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziyeh Kheirjou
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Soleimani Rad
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, 51376563833, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Ferdowsi Khosroshahi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soodabeh Davaran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, 51376563833, Tabriz, Iran.
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15
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Marofi F, Alexandrovna KI, Margiana R, Bahramali M, Suksatan W, Abdelbasset WK, Chupradit S, Nasimi M, Maashi MS. MSCs and their exosomes: a rapidly evolving approach in the context of cutaneous wounds therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:597. [PMID: 34863308 PMCID: PMC8642895 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02662-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, mesenchymal stem/stromal stem cell (MSC) therapy has become a promising option for accelerating cutaneous wound healing. In vivo reports have outlined the robust competences of MSCs to offer a solid milieu by inhibition of inflammatory reactions, which in turn, enables skin regeneration. Further, due to their great potential to stimulate angiogenesis and also facilitate matrix remodeling, MSCs hold substantial potential as future therapeutic strategies in this context. The MSCs-induced wound healing is thought to mainly rely on the secretion of a myriad of paracrine factors in addition to their direct differentiation to skin-resident cells. Besides, MSCs-derived exosomes as nanoscale and closed membrane vesicles have recently been suggested as an effective and cell-free approach to support skin regeneration, circumventing the concerns respecting direct application of MSCs. The MSCs-derived exosomes comprise molecular components including lipid, proteins, DNA, microRNA, and also mRNA, which target molecular pathways and also biological activities in recipient cells (e.g., endothelial cell, keratinocyte, and fibroblast). The secreted exosome modifies macrophage activation, stimulates angiogenesis, and instigates keratinocytes and dermal fibroblast proliferations as well as migrations concurrently regulate inherent potential of myofibroblast for adjustment of turnover of the ECM. In the present review, we will focus on the recent findings concerning the application of MSCs and their derivative exosome to support wound healing and skin regeneration, with special focus on last decade in vivo reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faroogh Marofi
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ria Margiana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Master’s Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mahta Bahramali
- Biotechnology Department, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210 Thailand
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Supat Chupradit
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | | | - Marwah Suliman Maashi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Unit at King Fahad Medical Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Pichlsberger M, Jerman UD, Obradović H, Tratnjek L, Macedo AS, Mendes F, Fonte P, Hoegler A, Sundl M, Fuchs J, Schoeberlein A, Kreft ME, Mojsilović S, Lang-Olip I. Systematic Review of the Application of Perinatal Derivatives in Animal Models on Cutaneous Wound Healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:742858. [PMID: 34631683 PMCID: PMC8498585 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.742858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the beneficial effects of perinatal derivatives (PnD) in wound healing goes back to the early 1900s when the human fetal amniotic membrane served as a biological dressing to treat burns and skin ulcerations. Since the twenty-first century, isolated cells from perinatal tissues and their secretomes have gained increasing scientific interest, as they can be obtained non-invasively, have anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-fibrotic characteristics, and are immunologically tolerated in vivo. Many studies that apply PnD in pre-clinical cutaneous wound healing models show large variations in the choice of the animal species (e.g., large animals, rodents), the choice of diabetic or non-diabetic animals, the type of injury (full-thickness wounds, burns, radiation-induced wounds, skin flaps), the source and type of PnD (placenta, umbilical cord, fetal membranes, cells, secretomes, tissue extracts), the method of administration (topical application, intradermal/subcutaneous injection, intravenous or intraperitoneal injection, subcutaneous implantation), and the type of delivery systems (e.g., hydrogels, synthetic or natural biomaterials as carriers for transplanted cells, extracts or secretomes). This review provides a comprehensive and integrative overview of the application of PnD in wound healing to assess its efficacy in preclinical animal models. We highlight the advantages and limitations of the most commonly used animal models and evaluate the impact of the type of PnD, the route of administration, and the dose of cells/secretome application in correlation with the wound healing outcome. This review is a collaborative effort from the COST SPRINT Action (CA17116), which broadly aims at approaching consensus for different aspects of PnD research, such as providing inputs for future standards for the preclinical application of PnD in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Pichlsberger
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Urška Dragin Jerman
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Hristina Obradović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Larisa Tratnjek
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Sofia Macedo
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences-Applied Chemistry Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Mendes
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Fonte
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Center for Marine Sciences (CCMar), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Anja Hoegler
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Sundl
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Fuchs
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreina Schoeberlein
- Department of Obstetrics and Feto-maternal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Slavko Mojsilović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ingrid Lang-Olip
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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17
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Liu Z, Pei Y, Zeng H, Yang Y, Que M, Xiao Y, Wang J, Weng X. Recombinant TSG-6 protein inhibits the growth of capsule fibroblasts in frozen shoulder via suppressing the TGF-β/Smad2 signal pathway. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:564. [PMID: 34526039 PMCID: PMC8442820 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02705-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) has been confirmed to inhibit inflammation. It is now generally accepted that local inflammatory stimulation around shoulder capsule causes proliferative fibrosis. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of recombinant TSG-6 protein inhibiting the growth of capsule fibroblasts in frozen shoulder via the TGF-β/Smad2 signal pathway. Methods Human frozen shoulder capsule tissue was taken for primary and passage culture, and the 3rd generation fibroblasts from pathological frozen shoulder capsule were treated with different concentrations of recombinant TSG-6 protein, or with TGF-β1 agonist SRI-011381. Immunoconfocal analysis was used to identify the isolated fibroblasts, and MTT assay, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry were used to detect the viability, proliferation, and apoptosis rate of fibroblast. The contents of fibrosis and inflammation indexes COL1A1, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the cell supernatant were detected using ELISA and then further examined by qRT-PCR. The expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and proteins related to TGF-β/Smad2 pathway were detected by Western Blot. Results Compared with the blank control group, fibroblasts intervened with TSG-6 (2 μg and 5 μg) showed significantly decreased viability and proliferation ability and enhanced cell apoptosis, concurrent with the reductions in Bcl-2 expression; COL1A1, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels; and the expression of TGF-β1 and phosphorylated Smad22, and an increase in Bax expression, while SRI-011381 treatment would reverse the effect of recombinant TSG-6 protein. Conclusion Recombinant TSG-6 protein inhibited the growth of primary fibroblasts from human frozen shoulder capsule by suppressing the TGF-β/Smad2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongfan Liu
- Department of Joint and Sports Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), No. 61, West Jiefang Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongrong Pei
- Department of Joint and Sports Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), No. 61, West Jiefang Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zeng
- Department of Joint and Sports Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), No. 61, West Jiefang Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibo Yang
- Department of Joint and Sports Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), No. 61, West Jiefang Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Que
- Department of Joint and Sports Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), No. 61, West Jiefang Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Xiao
- Department of Joint and Sports Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), No. 61, West Jiefang Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Joint and Sports Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), No. 61, West Jiefang Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaojun Weng
- Department of Joint and Sports Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), No. 61, West Jiefang Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Tang B, Song M, Xie X, Le D, Tu Q, Wu X, Chen M. Tumor Necrosis Factor-stimulated Gene-6 (TSG-6) Secreted by BMSCs Regulates Activated Astrocytes by Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling Pathway to Ameliorate Blood Brain Barrier Damage After Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2387-2402. [PMID: 34145502 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03375-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the influence of tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) secreted by bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on blood brain barrier (BBB) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and its related mechanisms. BMSCs and astrocytes were isolated and induced by TNF-α and LPS respectively. The effect of TSG-6 secreted by BMSCs on the proliferation and apoptosis of astrocytes and inflammatory response were assessed by CCK8, flow cytometry, and ELISA respectively. Then we studied the effects of TSG-6 secreted by BMSCs through the paracrine mechanism on the integrity of BBB after ICH via NF-κB signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. We successfully isolated BMSCs and astrocytes. After LPS treatment of astrocytes, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α showed an upward trend. TSG-6 secreted by TNF-α-activated BMSCs could antagonize the inflammatory response in activated astrocytes. Through the co-culture of astrocytes and BMSCs and the ICH animal model, we found that TSG-6 regulates activated astrocytes by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and ameliorates BBB damage. Furthermore, we found that TNF-α-activated BMSCs secreted exosomes containing TSG-6 and played an anti-inflammatory effect. TSG-6 secreted by BMSCs regulates activated astrocytes by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby ameliorating BBB damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Min Song
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xun Xie
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Dongsheng Le
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qiulin Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi Province, China.
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19
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Jian-Xing D, Wen-Jun L, Yue-Qin Z, Wang D, Gao-Fei Z, Jia-Mei L, Han-Xiao L. Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Inflammatory Regulation After Excision and Grafting of Severe Burn Wounds in Rats. J Burn Care Res 2021; 42:766-773. [PMID: 33313794 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/iraa207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Severe burns predispose to shock and necessitate escharectomy and skin grafting. Previous studies show that mesenchymal stem cells are effective for burn wound healing and immune regulation. In this study, we combined escharectomy and skin grafting after burn injury with stem cell application, so as to examine the immune regulation of stem cells and the effect on the transplanted skin graft. SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, sham group, normal + hUCMSCs group, and normal + SB203580 group. Normal saline, hUCMSCs, and SB203580 were injected into the tail vein of each group, and serum inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA. The expression of p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway proteins in rat liver was detected by western blot. Skin activity was detected by Trypan blue staining and western blot. Skin graft inflammatory infiltration was detected by histological analysis. We found that hUCMSCs could regulate the phosphorylation levels of P38MAPK and NF-B P65 proteins in the liver to reduce the inflammatory response. These effects could continue to reduce the production of inflammatory factors HMGB-1, IL-6, and TNF-α, and increase the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. The infiltration of inflammatory cells in skin graft was significantly reduced in the normal + hUCMSCs group, and the macrophages in the hUCMSCs group polarized to the anti-inflammatory M2 direction in 3 days. However, the changes of skin graft activity and necroptosis markers protein RIP3 were not observed. The present study demonstrates the immunomodulatory effects of hUCMSCs on the systemic and skin graft microenvironment after excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Jian-Xing
- Department of Burn, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Liu Wen-Jun
- Department of Burn, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zeng Yue-Qin
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Burn, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhang Gao-Fei
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Jia-Mei
- Department of Burn, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lou Han-Xiao
- Department of Burn, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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20
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Domnina A, Alekseenko L, Kozhukharova I, Lyublinskaya O, Shorokhova M, Zenin V, Fridlyanskaya I, Nikolsky N. Generation of Therapeutically Potent Spheroids from Human Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells. J Pers Med 2021; 11:466. [PMID: 34070346 PMCID: PMC8229788 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11060466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (eMSCs) hold great promise in bioengineering and regenerative medicine due to their high expansion potential, unique immunosuppressive properties and multilineage differentiation capacity. Usually, eMSCs are maintained and applied as a monolayer culture. Recently, using animal models with endometrial and skin defects, we showed that formation of multicellular aggregates known as spheroids from eMSCs enhances their tissue repair capabilities. In this work, we refined a method of spheroid formation, which makes it possible to obtain well-formed aggregates with a narrow size distribution both at early eMSC passages and after prolonged cultivation. The use of serum-free media allows this method to be used for the production of spheroids for clinical purposes. Wound healing experiments on animals confirmed the high therapeutic potency of the produced eMSC spheroids in comparison to the monolayer eMSC culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Domnina
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (L.A.); (I.K.); (O.L.); (M.S.); (V.Z.); (I.F.); (N.N.)
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21
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Khan MA, Ashoor GA, Shamma T, Alanazi F, Altuhami A, Kazmi S, Ahmed HA, Mohammed Assiri A, Clemens Broering D. IL-10 Mediated Immunomodulation Limits Subepithelial Fibrosis and Repairs Airway Epithelium in Rejecting Airway Allografts. Cells 2021; 10:1248. [PMID: 34069395 PMCID: PMC8158696 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10 plays a vital role in maintaining peripheral immunotolerance and favors a regulatory immune milieu through the suppression of T effector cells. Inflammation-induced microvascular loss has been associated with airway epithelial injury, which is a key pathological source of graft malfunctioning and subepithelial fibrosis in rejecting allografts. The regulatory immune phase maneuvers alloimmune inflammation through various regulatory modulators, and thereby promotes graft microvascular repair and suppresses the progression of fibrosis after transplantation. The present study was designed to investigate the therapeutic impact of IL-10 on immunotolerance, in particular, the reparative microenvironment, which negates airway epithelial injury, and fibrosis in a mouse model of airway graft rejection. Here, we depleted and reconstituted IL-10, and serially monitored the phase of immunotolerance, graft microvasculature, inflammatory cytokines, airway epithelium, and subepithelial collagen in rejecting airway transplants. We demonstrated that the IL-10 depletion suppresses FOXP3+ Tregs, tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 protein (TSG-6), graft microvasculature, and establishes a pro-inflammatory phase, which augments airway epithelial injury and subepithelial collagen deposition while the IL-10 reconstitution facilitates FOXP3+ Tregs, TSG-6 deposition, graft microvasculature, and thereby favors airway epithelial repair and subepithelial collagen suppression. These findings establish a potential reparative modulation of IL-10-associated immunotolerance on microvascular, epithelial, and fibrotic remodeling, which could provide a vital therapeutic option to rescue rejecting transplants in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Afzal Khan
- Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.); (F.A.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (D.C.B.)
| | | | - Talal Shamma
- Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.); (F.A.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (D.C.B.)
| | - Fatimah Alanazi
- Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.); (F.A.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (D.C.B.)
| | - Abdullah Altuhami
- Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.); (F.A.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (D.C.B.)
| | - Shadab Kazmi
- Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.); (F.A.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (D.C.B.)
| | - Hala Abdalrahman Ahmed
- Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Abdullah Mohammed Assiri
- Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dieter Clemens Broering
- Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.); (F.A.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (D.C.B.)
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22
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Spinal endomorphins attenuate burn-injury pain in male mice by inhibiting p38 MAPK signaling pathway through the mu-opioid receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 903:174139. [PMID: 33933465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Burn injury is one of the main causes of mortality worldwide and frequently associated with severe and long-lasting pain that compromises the quality of patient life. Several studies have shown that the mu-opioid system plays an important role in burn pain relief. In this study, we investigated the spinal antinociception induced by the endogenous mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists endomorphins and explored their mechanisms of actions in burn injury-induced pain model. Our results showed that intrathecal injection of endomorphin-1 and -2 dose-dependently attenuated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia via the mu-opioid receptor in mice on day 3 after burn injury, which was consistent with the data obtained from the mu-opioid receptor knockout mice. Western blot showed that the phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in ipsilateral spinal cord tissues were significantly up-regulated after burn injury. Intrathecal injection of endomorphins selectively inhibited the activation of p38 MAPK on day 3 after burn injury via the mu-opioid receptor. Further studies found that repeated application of the specific p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 dose-dependently inhibited burn-injury pain, as well as the activation of spinal p38 MAPK. Taken together, our present study demonstrates that intrathecal injection of endomorphins attenuates burn-injury pain in male mice by affecting the spinal activation of p38 MAPK via the mu-opioid receptor.
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Mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of ocular autoimmune diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 85:100967. [PMID: 33775824 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells, commonly referred to as MSCs, have emerged as a promising cell-based therapy for a range of autoimmune diseases thanks to several therapeutic advantages. Key among these are: 1) the ability to modulate innate and adaptive immune responses and to promote tissue regeneration, 2) the ease of their isolation from readily accessible tissues and expansion at scale in culture, 3) their low immunogenicity enabling use as an allogeneic "off-the-shelf" product, and 4) MSC therapy's safety and feasibility in humans, as demonstrated in more than one thousand clinical trials. Evidence from preclinical studies and early clinical trials indicate the therapeutic potential of MSCs and their derivatives for efficacy in ocular autoimmune diseases such as autoimmune uveoretinitis and Sjögren's syndrome-related dry eye disease. In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the therapeutic mechanisms of MSCs, and summarize the results from preclinical and clinical studies that have used MSCs or their derivatives for the treatment of ocular autoimmune diseases. We also discuss the challenges to the successful clinical application of MSC therapy, and suggest strategies for overcoming them.
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Ng JY, Zhu X, Mukherjee D, Zhang C, Hong S, Kumar Y, Gokhale R, Ee PLR. Pristine Gellan Gum-Collagen Interpenetrating Network Hydrogels as Mechanically Enhanced Anti-inflammatory Biologic Wound Dressings for Burn Wound Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:1470-1482. [PMID: 35014496 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gellan gum is a biologically inert natural polymer that is increasingly favored as a material-of-choice to form biorelevant hydrogels. However, as a burn wound dressing, native gellan gum hydrogels do not drive host's biology toward regeneration and are mechanically inadequate wound barriers. To overcome these issues, we fabricateda gellan gum-collagen full interpenetrating network (full-IPN) hydrogel that can house adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) and employ their multilineage differentiation potential and produce wound-healing paracrine factors to reduce inflammation and promote burn wound regeneration. Herein, a robust temperature-dependent simultaneous IPN (SIN) hydrogel fabrication process was demonstrated using applied rheology for the first time. Subsequently after fabrication, mechanical characterization assays showed that the IPN hydrogels were easy to handle without deforming and retained sufficient mass to effect ADSCs' anti-inflammation property in a simulated wound environment. The IPN hydrogels' increased stiffness proved conducive for mechanotransduced cell adhesion. Scanning electron microscopy revealed theIPN's porous network, which enabled encapsulated ADSCs to spread and proliferate, for up to 3 weeks of culture, further shown by cells' dynamic filopodia extension observed in 3D confocal images. Successful incorporation of ADSCs accorded the IPN hydrogels with biologic wound-dressing properties, which possess the ability to promote human dermal fibroblast migration and secrete an anti-inflammatory paracrine factor, TSG-6 protein, as demonstrated in the 2D scratch wound assay and ELISA, respectively. More importantly, upon application onto murine full thickness burn wounds, our biologic wound dressing enhanced early wound closure, reduced inflammation, and promoted complete skin regeneration. Altogether, our results highlight the successful mechanical and biological enhancement of the inert matrix of gellan gum. Through completely natural procedures, a highly applicable biologic wound dressing is introduced for cell-based full thickness burn wound therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yao Ng
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, 117545, Singapore
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, 117545, Singapore
| | - Devika Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, 117545, Singapore
| | - Chi Zhang
- Roquette Singapore Innovation Center, Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, #05-06, 138667, Singapore
| | - Shiqi Hong
- Roquette Singapore Innovation Center, Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, #05-06, 138667, Singapore
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Roquette Singapore Innovation Center, Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, #05-06, 138667, Singapore
| | - Rajeev Gokhale
- Roquette Singapore Innovation Center, Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, #05-06, 138667, Singapore
| | - Pui Lai Rachel Ee
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, 117545, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, 119077, Singapore
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Um S, Ha J, Choi SJ, Oh W, Jin HJ. Prospects for the therapeutic development of umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1511-1528. [PMID: 33505598 PMCID: PMC7789129 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i12.1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a primitive and abundant source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). UCB-derived MSCs have a broad and efficient therapeutic capacity to treat various diseases and disorders. Despite the high latent self-renewal and differentiation capacity of these cells, the safety, efficacy, and yield of MSCs expanded for ex vivo clinical applications remains a concern. However, immunomodulatory effects have emerged in various disease models, exhibiting specific mechanisms of action, such as cell migration and homing, angiogenesis, anti-apoptosis, proliferation, anti-cancer, anti-fibrosis, anti-inflammation and tissue regeneration. Herein, we review the current literature pertaining to the UCB-derived MSC application as potential treatment strategies, and discuss the concerns regarding the safety and mass production issues in future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoun Um
- Research Team for Immune Cell Therapy, Biomedical Research Institute, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13494, South Korea
| | - Jueun Ha
- Research Team for Osteoarthritis, Biomedical Research Institute, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13494, South Korea
| | - Soo Jin Choi
- Biomedical Research Institute, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13494, South Korea
| | - Wonil Oh
- Biomedical Research Institute, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13494, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jin
- Biomedical Research Institute, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13494, South Korea
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Roura S, Monguió-Tortajada M, Munizaga-Larroudé M, Clos-Sansalvador M, Franquesa M, Rosell A, Borràs FE. Potential of Extracellular Vesicle-Associated TSG-6 from Adipose Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186761. [PMID: 32942629 PMCID: PMC7554813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) represent a promising strategy for a variety of medical applications. Although only a limited number of MSC engraft and survive after in vivo cellular infusion, MSC have shown beneficial effects on immunomodulation and tissue repair. This indicates that the contribution of MSC exists in paracrine signaling, rather than a cell-contact effect of MSC. In this review, we focus on current knowledge about tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) and mechanisms based on extracellular vesicles (EV) that govern long-lasting immunosuppressive and regenerative activity of MSC. In this context, in particular, we discuss the very robust set of findings by Jha and colleagues, and the opportunity to potentially extend their research focus on EV isolated in concentrated conditioned media (CCM) from adipose tissue derived MSC (ASC). Particularly, the authors showed that ASC-CCM mitigated visual deficits after mild traumatic brain injury in mice. TSG-6 knockdown ASC were, then, used to generate TSG-6-depleted CCM that were not able to replicate the alleviation of abnormalities in injured animals. In light of the presented results, we envision that the infusion of much distilled ASC-CCM could enhance the alleviation of visual abnormalities. In terms of EV research, the advantages of using size-exclusion chromatography are also highlighted because of the enrichment of purer and well-defined EV preparations. Taken together, this could further delineate and boost the benefit of using MSC-based regenerative therapies in the context of forthcoming clinical research testing in diseases that disrupt immune system homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Roura
- ICREC Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.M.-T.); (M.M.-L.)
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (F.E.B.); Tel.: +34-93-033-63-51 (F.E.B.); Fax: +34-93-497-86-54 (F.E.B.)
| | - Marta Monguió-Tortajada
- ICREC Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.M.-T.); (M.M.-L.)
| | - Micaela Munizaga-Larroudé
- ICREC Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.M.-T.); (M.M.-L.)
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Clos-Sansalvador
- REMAR-IVECAT Group, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.C.-S.); (M.F.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Marcella Franquesa
- REMAR-IVECAT Group, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.C.-S.); (M.F.)
- Nephrology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Anna Rosell
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain;
| | - Francesc E. Borràs
- REMAR-IVECAT Group, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.C.-S.); (M.F.)
- Nephrology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (F.E.B.); Tel.: +34-93-033-63-51 (F.E.B.); Fax: +34-93-497-86-54 (F.E.B.)
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Matrine alleviates neurobehavioral alterations via modulation of JNK-mediated caspase-3 and BDNF/VEGF signaling in a mouse model of burn injury. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:2327-2343. [PMID: 32399631 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05537-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway and neurotrophic factor dysregulation play a critical role in the pathogenesis of neurobehavioral disorders (anxiety and depression). Targeting the JNK pathway and BDNF/VEGF signaling may signify a new avenue for the treatment of neurobehavioral disorders. OBJECTIVES The present study investigated the effect of matrine (Mat) against anxiety- and depressive-like emotional status in an acute mouse model of burn injury and explores its underlying mechanism. METHODS In the mouse model of thermal injury, anxiety- and depression-related behaviors were evaluated using the elevated plus-maze test, the light-dark box test, the open-field test, the forced swimming test, and the tail suspension test. The JNK/caspase-3 and BDNF/VEGF proteins were determined by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, proinflammatory cytokine, antioxidant, nitric oxide, and corticosterone levels were also measured. RESULTS The results showed that treatment with Mat significantly improves anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. It remarkably reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of a mouse brain. It considerably improved burn-induced alteration in the antioxidant status, corticosterone, and BDNF/VEGF. It also inhibited burn-induced apoptotic signaling by downregulating the expression of JNK/caspase-3. Similarly, it prevented DNA damage and histopathological changes in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Furthermore, molecular docking results showed that Mat possess better binding affinity for JNK/caspase-3 and BDNF/VEGF proteins. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide convincing evidence that Mat improves anxiety- and depressive-like emotional status through modulation of JNK-mediated inflammatory, oxidative stress, apoptotic, and BDNF/VEGF signaling in an acute mouse model of burn injury.
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Liu L, Yin H, Hao X, Song H, Chai J, Duan H, Chang Y, Yang L, Wu Y, Han S, Wang X, Yue X, Chi Y, Liu W, Wang Q, Wang H, Bai H, Shi X, Li S. Down-Regulation of miR-301a-3p Reduces Burn-Induced Vascular Endothelial Apoptosis by potentiating hMSC-Secreted IGF-1 and PI3K/Akt/FOXO3a Pathway. iScience 2020; 23:101383. [PMID: 32745988 PMCID: PMC7399190 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelium dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of multiple organ dysfunction. The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) maintains vascular endothelial barrier survival via secreting bioactive factors. However, the mechanism of human umbilical cord MSC (hMSC) in protecting endothelial survival remains unclear. Here, we found IGF-1 secreted by hMSC suppressed severe burn-induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and alleviated the dysfunction of vascular endothelial barrier and multiple organs in severely burned rats. Severe burn repressed miR-301a-3p expression, which directly regulated IGF-1 synthesis and secretion in hMSC. Down-regulation of miR-301a-3p decreased HUVECs apoptosis, stabilized endothelial barrier permeability, and subsequently protected against multiple organ dysfunction in vivo. Additionally, miR-301a-3p negatively regulated PI3K/Akt/FOXO3 signaling through IGF-1. Taken together, our study highlights the protective function of IGF-1 against the dysfunction of multiple organs negatively regulated by miR-301a-3p, which may provide the theoretical foundation for further clinical application of hMSC. IGF-1 secreted by hMSC suppressed severe burn-induced apoptosis of HUVECs miR-301a-3p directly regulated IGF-1 synthesis and secretion in hMSC DomiR-301a-3p protected against multiple organ dysfunction miR-301a-3p regulated PI3K/Akt/FOXO3 signaling through hMSC-secreted IGF-1
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingying Liu
- Nutrition Department, the Fourth Medical Center Affiliated to PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China; Burns Institute of PLA, Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center Affiliated to PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China; College of Basic Medicine, the Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Huinan Yin
- Burns Institute of PLA, Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center Affiliated to PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xingxia Hao
- College of Basic Medicine, the Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Huifeng Song
- Burns Institute of PLA, Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center Affiliated to PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jiake Chai
- Burns Institute of PLA, Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center Affiliated to PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Hongjie Duan
- Burns Institute of PLA, Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center Affiliated to PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yang Chang
- Burns Institute of PLA, Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center Affiliated to PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Longlong Yang
- Burns Institute of PLA, Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center Affiliated to PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yushou Wu
- Burns Institute of PLA, Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center Affiliated to PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Shaofang Han
- Burns Institute of PLA, Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center Affiliated to PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xiaoteng Wang
- Burns Institute of PLA, Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center Affiliated to PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xiaotong Yue
- Burns Institute of PLA, Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center Affiliated to PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yunfei Chi
- Burns Institute of PLA, Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center Affiliated to PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Burns Institute of PLA, Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center Affiliated to PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University (Inner Mongolia BaoGang Hospital), Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University (Inner Mongolia BaoGang Hospital), Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hailiang Bai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xiuxiu Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Rehabilitation, the Fourth Medical Center Affiliated to PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Shaozeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Fourth Medical Center Affiliated to PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
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Butt H, Mehmood A, Ejaz A, Humayun S, Riazuddin S. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate protects Wharton's jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells against in vitro heat stress. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 872:172958. [PMID: 32001222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The deteriorating effects of heat stress abrogate the therapeutic implications of human Wharton's jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJMSCs) transplanted in burn wounds. Topically applied green tea extract comprising epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is known to repair burn wounds. Here, we investigated the protective role of EGCG priming of hWJMSCs against heat-induced stress in vitro along with the involved underlying mechanism. EGCG ameliorated heat-induced injuries as demonstrated by significantly improved cell morphology, viability, triggered cell migration and enhanced expression of heat shock proteins. In addition, decreased lactate dehydrogenase release and reduced percentage of senescent and apoptotic cells were observed. EGCG priming alleviated the detrimental effects of thermal stress in hWJMSCs as observed by significant down-regulation in expression of BCL2 associated X (BAX), interleukin 6 (IL6), and interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) genes, while proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), BCL2 like 1 (BCL2L1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and interleukin 4 (IL4) genes were up-regulated. Accompanying gene expression data, EGCG primed cells exposed to heat stress also exhibited remarkably increased secretion of VEGF, HGF, epidermal growth factor (EGF), stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF1) proteins while the reduced release of IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) proteins. Further, synergistic activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) proteins was observed. These findings suggest that EGCG priming might enhance the therapeutic efficacy of hWJMSCs in the burnt tissue through regulation of ERK and AKT signaling pathways, and improved cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Butt
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road, University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Azra Mehmood
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road, University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Asim Ejaz
- Adipose Stem Cells Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
| | - Shamsa Humayun
- Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, 87-West Canal Bank Road, University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Jinnah Burn & Reconstructive Surgery Centre, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Wan YM, Li ZQ, Zhou Q, Liu C, Wang MJ, Wu HX, Mu YZ, He YF, Zhang Y, Wu XN, Li YH, Xu ZY, Wu HM, Xu Y, Yang JH, Wang XF. Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate liver injury induced by chronic-binge ethanol feeding in mice via release of TSG6 and suppression of STAT3 activation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:24. [PMID: 31931878 PMCID: PMC6958598 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1547-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a population of pluripotent cells that might be used for treatment of liver disease. However, the efficacy of MSCs for mice with alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Methods MSCs were isolated from the bone marrow (BM) of 4–6-week-old male C57BL/6 N mice. AH was induced in female mice by chronic-binge ethanol feeding for 10 days. The mice were given intraperitoneal injections of MSCs with or without transfection or AG490, recombinant mouse tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated gene/protein 6 (rmTSG-6), or saline at day 10. Blood samples and hepatic tissues were collected at day 11. Various assays such as biochemistry, histology, and flow cytometry were performed. Results MSCs reduced AH in mice, decreasing liver/body weight ratio, liver injury, blood and hepatic lipids, malondialdehyde, interleukin (IL)-6, and TNF-ɑ, but increasing glutathione, IL-10, and TSG-6, compared to control mice. Few MSCs engrafted into the inflamed liver. Knockdown of TSG-6 in MSCs significantly attenuated their effects, and injection of rmTSG-6 achieved similar effects to MSCs. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was activated in mice with AH, and MSCs and rmTSG-6 inhibited the STAT3 activation. Injection of MSCs plus AG490 obtained more alleviation of liver injury than MSCs alone. Conclusions BM-MSCs injected into mice with AH do not engraft the liver, but they secrete TSG-6 to reduce liver injury and to inhibit STAT3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Meng Wan
- Gastroenterology Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650101, Yunnan Province, China.,Public Health Institute of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- Public Health Institute of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Public Health Institute of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Public Health Institute of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Men-Jie Wang
- Public Health Institute of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hui-Xin Wu
- Public Health Institute of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yun-Zhen Mu
- Public Health Institute of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yue-Feng He
- Public Health Institute of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- The Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xi-Nan Wu
- Public Health Institute of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650500, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Yu-Hua Li
- Gastroenterology Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650101, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Xu
- Gastroenterology Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650101, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hua-Mei Wu
- Gastroenterology Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650101, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Gastroenterology Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650101, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jin-Hui Yang
- Gastroenterology Department, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 650101, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Wang
- Department of Pathology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, 65010, Yunnan Province, China
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Chen T, Zhu J, Hang CH, Wang YH. The Potassium SK Channel Activator NS309 Protects Against Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury Through Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1432. [PMID: 31849677 PMCID: PMC6895208 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays important roles in neuronal cell death and functional deficits after TBI. Small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (SK) have been shown to be potential therapeutic targets for treatment of neurological disorders, such as stroke and Parkinson’s disease (PD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of SK channels in an animal model of TBI induced by controlled cortical impact (CCI). The SK channels activator NS309 at a concentration of 2 mg/kg was administered by intraperitoneal injection, and no obviously organ-related toxicity of NS309 was found in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Treatment with NS309 significantly reduced brain edema after TBI, but had no effect on contusion volume. This protection can be observed even when the administration was delayed by 4 h after injury. NS309 attenuated the TBI-induced deficits in neurological function, which was accompanied by the reduced neuronal apoptosis. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that NS309 decreased the number of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and microglia cells, with no effect on astrocytes. In addition, NS309 markedly decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and chemokines (MCP-1, MIP-2, and RANTES), but increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β1) after TBI. The results of RT-PCR and western blot showed that NS309 increased TSG-6 expression and inhibited NF-κB activation. Furthermore, knockdown of TSG-6 using in vivo transfection with TSG-6 specific shRNA partially reversed the protective and anti-inflammatory effects of NS309 against TBI. In summary, our results indicate that the SK channel activator NS309 could modulate inflammation-associated immune cells and cytokines via regulating the TSG-6/NF-κB pathway after TBI. The present study offers a new sight into the mechanisms responsible for SK channels activation with implications for the treatment of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, School of Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, School of Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chun-Hua Hang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Hai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904th Hospital of PLA, School of Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, China
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Sammarco G, Shalaby M, Elangovan S, Petti L, Roda G, Restelli S, Arena V, Ungaro F, Fiorino G, Day AJ, D'Alessio S, Vetrano S. Hyaluronan Accelerates Intestinal Mucosal Healing through Interaction with TSG-6. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091074. [PMID: 31547322 PMCID: PMC6769700 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) has proven to be beneficial in the treatment of several diseases. Recently, it has been shown that the local application of HA (IBD98E) improves endoscopic and clinical outcomes in subjects with active distal ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the mechanisms by which this polysaccharide exerts its beneficial effects are unclear. Here, we demonstrated that HA treatment in vitro and in vivo improved mucosal healing by accelerating intestinal epithelial regeneration. Indeed, mice treated with HA showed a faster recovery from colitis and reduced endoscopic signs of mucosal inflammation compared to those receiving saline. Furthermore, histological analysis revealed less ulcerated mucosa in mice treated with HA, characterized by re-epithelialized areas. TSG-6, the secreted product of TNF-stimulated gene-6, is an HA-binding protein shown previously to have tissue-protective properties and promote wound healing. Mucosal levels of TSG-6 increased in UC patients compared to the healthy controls and also after wounding in mice. TSG-6 deletion prevented the beneficial properties of HA in mucosal wound repair, suggesting that the interaction of HA with TSG-6 is crucial for intestinal epithelial regeneration. Overall these results are consistent with HA having a therapeutic effect via the promotion of mucosal healing in patients with ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Sammarco
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy.
| | - Mohammad Shalaby
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy.
| | - Sudharshan Elangovan
- Genomics Division, Wipro Life Sciences laboratory, WIPRO Limited, Bengaluru 560035, Karnataka, India.
| | - Luciana Petti
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giulia Roda
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy.
| | - Silvia Restelli
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Arena
- Area of Pathology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, 00147 Rome, Italy.
| | - Federica Ungaro
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy.
| | - Gionata Fiorino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy.
| | - Anthony J Day
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Silvia D'Alessio
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefania Vetrano
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy.
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Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Ameliorate Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Rats via Secreting Tumor Necrosis Factor-Inducible Gene 6 Protein. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9845709. [PMID: 30984789 PMCID: PMC6432703 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9845709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Aims To investigate whether bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSC) have ameliorated ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced acute kidney injury (IRI-AKI) via tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 protein (TSG-6) and how TSG-6 exerted this effect. Methods We used lentiviral vectors of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting TSG-6 gene to silence TSG-6 in BMSC. And TSG-6-silenced BMSC were administrated into IRI-AKI rats. Then we analyzed serum creatinine (Scr) and renal histology of IRI-AKI rats treated with BMSC after different pretreatments. Furthermore, we explored the effect of TSG-6 on renal tubular epithelial cells proliferation in vivo and in vitro assays. Results The Scr levels of IRI-AKI rats treated with BMSC (73.5±7.8 μmol/L) significantly decreased compared to those of IRI-AKI rats treated without BMSC (392.5±24.8 μmol/L, P<0.05) or with DMEM (314.0±19.8 μmol/L, P<0.05). Meanwhile, the renal tissue injury in IRI-AKI rats treated with BMSC improved markedly. However, the Scr levels of IRI-AKI rats treated with TSG-6-silenced BMSC (265.1±21.2 μmol/L) significantly increased compared to those with BMSC (74.0±8.5 μmol/L, P<0.05). The proportion of Ki67-positive cells was reduced in IRI-AKI rats treated with TSG-6-silenced BMSC compared to that in IRI-AKI rats treated with BMSC (29.7±0.8% versus 43.4±3.0%, P<0.05). In vitro, the cell proliferation rate of TSG-6-stimulated NRK-52E cells under hypoxia (89.2±3.9%) increased significantly compared to that of NRK-52E cells alone under hypoxia (82.4±0.8%, P<0.05). Similarly, the proportion of Ki67-positive cells was significantly elevated in TSG-6-stimulated NRK-52E cells under hypoxia. Furthermore, TSG-6 could inhibit infiltration of neutrophils in kidney tissue of IRI-AKI. Conclusions TSG-6 plays a key role in the treatment of IRI-AKI with BMSC, which may be due to its effect on promoting renal tubular epithelial cells proliferation by modulating inflammation.
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TNFα-stimulated protein 6 (TSG-6) reduces lung inflammation in an experimental model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Res 2019; 85:390-397. [PMID: 30538263 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-018-0250-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is a key factor in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Tumor necrosis factor-stimulated protein 6 (TSG-6) is a glycoprotein that modulates inflammation. Here we tested the hypothesis that intra-tracheal (IT) administration of an adenovirus overexpressing TSG-6 (AdTSG-6) would decrease inflammation and restore lung structure in experimental BPD. METHODS Newborn Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to normoxia (RA) or hyperoxia (85% O2) from postnatal day (P) 1-P14 were randomly assigned to receive IT AdTSG-6 or placebo (PL) on P3. The effect of IT AdTSG-6 on lung inflammation, alveolarization, angiogenesis, apoptosis, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and pulmonary hypertension were evaluated on P14. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. RESULTS TSG-6 mRNA was significantly increased in pups who received IT AdTSG-6. Compared to RA, hyperoxia PL-treated pups had increased NF-kβ activation and lung inflammation. In contrast, IT AdTSG-6 hyperoxia-treated pups had decreased lung phosphorylated NF-kβ expression and markers of inflammation. This was accompanied by an improvement in alveolarization, angiogenesis, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and pulmonary hypertension. CONCLUSIONS IT AdTSG-6 decreases lung inflammation and improves lung structure in neonatal rats with experimental BPD. These findings suggest that therapies that increase lung TSG-6 expression may have beneficial effects in preterm infants with BPD.
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Li Q, Song WJ, Ryu MO, Nam A, An JH, Ahn JO, Bhang DH, Jung YC, Youn HY. TSG-6 secreted by human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorates severe acute pancreatitis via ER stress downregulation in mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:255. [PMID: 30257717 PMCID: PMC6158864 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Through recent studies, the onset of acute pancreatitis in pancreatic acinar cells (PACs) and the regulatory role of PACs in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) have been revealed. During the early stages of pancreatitis, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in PACs undergoes significant changes, including swelling and vacuolization. In response to an increase in the extracellular stress in ER, PACs lose their functions, leading to cell apoptosis and inflammation response. The beneficial effects of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAT-MSCs) on SAP have been well documented in previous studies. However, the underlying mechanism of their action remains controversial. Methods In this study, the therapeutic effects of intraperitoneally administered hAT-MSCs in a caerulein (50 μg/kg)- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10 mg/kg)-co-induced SAP mouse model were evaluated. Inflammatory response and ER stress were measured in pancreatic tissue samples, and the beneficial effects were evaluated through quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot, and immunofluorescence analysis. Results Inflammatory response and ER stress were ameliorated following hAT-MSC injection, and the beneficial effects were observed in the absence of significant engraftment of hAT-MSCs. hAT-MSCs transfected with siRNA-targeting tumour necrosis factor-α-induced gene/protein 6 (TSG-6) were unable to inhibit ER stress and inflammation. In addition, TSG-6 from hAT-MSCs significantly suppressed ER stress-induced apoptosis and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity in SAP model mice. Conclusions TSG-6 secreted by hAT-MSCs protects PACs in SAP model mice via the inhibition of ER stress, as well as inflammatory responses. This study has revealed a new area for ER stress-targeted therapy in SAP patients. Graphical abstract ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-1009-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Song
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ok Ryu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Aryung Nam
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun An
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ok Ahn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ha Bhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.,BK21Plus program for 21st Century Biomedical Science Leader Development, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Chan Jung
- Chaon, A-301-3, 240, Pangyoyeok-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Youn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Magne B, Lataillade JJ, Trouillas M. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Preconditioning: The Next Step Toward a Customized Treatment For Severe Burn. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1385-1405. [PMID: 30039742 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last century, the clinical management of severe skin burns significantly progressed with the development of burn care units, topical antimicrobials, resuscitation methods, early eschar excision surgeries, and skin grafts. Despite these considerable advances, the present treatment of severe burns remains burdensome, and patients are highly susceptible to skin engraftment failure, infections, organ dysfunction, and hypertrophic scarring. Recent researches have focused on mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy and hold great promises for tissue repair, as reported in several animal studies and clinical cases. In the present review, we will provide an up-to-date outlook of the pathophysiology of severe skin burns, clinical treatment modalities and current limitations. We will then focus on MSCs and their potential in the burn wound healing both in in vitro and in vivo studies. A specific attention will be paid to the cell preconditioning approach, as a means of improving the MSC efficacy in the treatment of major skin burns. In particular, we will debate how several preconditioning cues would modulate the MSC properties to better match up with the burn pathophysiology in the course of the cell therapy. Finally, we will discuss the clinical interest and feasibility of a MSC-based therapy in comparison to their paracrine derivatives, including microvesicles and conditioned media for the treatment of major skin burn injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Magne
- INSERM U1197-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)/Antenne Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées (CTSA) , Clamart, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Lataillade
- INSERM U1197-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)/Antenne Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées (CTSA) , Clamart, France
| | - Marina Trouillas
- INSERM U1197-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)/Antenne Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées (CTSA) , Clamart, France
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Song WJ, Li Q, Ryu MO, Ahn JO, Bhang DH, Jung YC, Youn HY. TSG-6 released from intraperitoneally injected canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease by inducing M2 macrophage switch in mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:91. [PMID: 29625582 PMCID: PMC5889600 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0841-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an intractable autoimmune disorder that markedly deteriorates one's quality of life. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) alleviate inflammation by modulating inflammatory cytokines in inflamed tissues, and have been suggested as a promising alternative for IBD treatment in human and veterinary cases. Furthermore, tumor necrosis factor-α-induced gene/protein 6 (TSG-6) is a key factor influencing MSC immunomodulatory properties; however, the precise mechanism of TSG-6 release from canine MSCs in IBD remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic effects of canine adipose tissue-derived (cAT)-MSC-produced TSG-6 in an IBD mouse model and to explore the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory properties. METHODS Mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis were administered cAT-MSCs intraperitoneally; colon tissues were collected on day 10 for histopathological, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescence analyses. RESULTS cAT-MSC-secreted TSG-6 ameliorated IBD and regulated colonic expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10. To investigate the effect of cAT-MSC-secreted TSG-6 on activated macrophages in vitro, a transwell coculture system was used; TSG-6 released by cAT-MSCs induced a macrophage phenotypic switch from M1 to M2. The cAT-MSC-secreted TSG-6 increased M2 macrophages in the inflamed colon in vivo. CONCLUSIONS TSG-6 released from cAT-MSCs can alleviate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by inducing a macrophage phenotypic switch to M2 in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Song
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ok Ryu
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ok Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ha Bhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Chan Jung
- KPC Corporation, Gwangju, Gyeonggi, 12773, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Youn
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Domnina A, Novikova P, Obidina J, Fridlyanskaya I, Alekseenko L, Kozhukharova I, Lyublinskaya O, Zenin V, Nikolsky N. Human mesenchymal stem cells in spheroids improve fertility in model animals with damaged endometrium. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:50. [PMID: 29482664 PMCID: PMC5828181 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0801-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asherman's syndrome (AS) is one of the gynecological disorders caused by the destruction of the endometrium. For some cases of AS available surgical methods and hormonal therapy are ineffective. Stem cell transplantation may offer a potential alternative for AS cure. METHODS Human endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (eMSC) organized in spheroids were transplanted in rats with damaged endometrium modeled on AS. Treatment response was defined as pregnancy outcome and litter size. RESULTS Application of eMSC in spheroids significantly improved the rat fertility with the AS model. eMSC organized in spheroids retain all properties of eMSC in monolayer: growth characteristics, expression of CD markers, and differentiation potential. Synthesis of angiogenic and anti-inflammatory factors drastically increased in eMSC assembled into spheroids. CONCLUSIONS Human endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (eMSC) can be successfully applied for Asherman's syndrome (AS) treatment in the rat model. eMSC organized in spheroids were more therapeutically effective than the cells in monolayer. After transplantation of eMSC in spheroids the pregnancy outcome and litter size in rats with AS was higher than in rats that received autologous rat bone marrow cells. It suggests the therapeutic plausibility of heterologous eMSC in case of failure to use autologous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Domnina
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Polina Novikova
- Faculty of Medicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Julia Obidina
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Larisa Alekseenko
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Kozhukharova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga Lyublinskaya
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valeriy Zenin
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolay Nikolsky
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Hamidian Jahromi S, Li Y, Davies JE. Effect of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Dose and Exposure Time on Tumor Necrosis Factor-Induced Gene-6 Activation by Neonatal and Adult Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 27:44-54. [PMID: 29121823 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) induced protein 6 is a major anti-inflammatory mediator released by activated mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Neonatal MSCs are considered more metabolically active than cells derived from adult tissues, and potentially less heterogeneous. We hypothesized that a TNF-α-activated neonatal MSC population [human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVCs)] would show an enhanced level of TSG-6 activation compared with adult bone marrow MSCs (BMMSCs). Thus, we stimulated HUCPVCs, and both human BMMSCs (hBMMSCs) and mouse BMMSCs (mBMMSCs) with 1, 10, 50, and 100 ng/mL of recombinant TNF-α over various exposure times. Supernatant, and total RNA, of the cells were collected for measurement of both TSG-6 RNA expression, and secreted TSG-6 protein. To compare gene levels, quantification was done by normalizing the expression levels of TSG-6 to the geometric mean of the three most stable reference genes, out of a cohort of 30 tested genes, using the Pfaffl method. We found that HUCPVCs exhibited both an enhanced and more rapid response to low dose (1 ng/mL) TNF-α exposure resulting in ∼11.5-fold increase in TSG-6 expression within the first 30 min. In contrast, hBMMSCs showed 2-fold increase by 1 h that increased to 9.5-fold with a higher (50 ng/mL) TNF-α exposure for the same time. mBMMSCs showed a two-fold increase after 24 h that was independent of TNF-α concentration. Thus, although TSG-6 expression level varied among donors, both hMSC populations exhibited enhanced TSG-6 upregulation, upon TNF-α stimulation, compared with mBMMSCs. In conclusion, HUCPVCs showed higher sensitivity, and a prompter response to TNF-α stimulation compared with hBMMSCs. Thus, neonatal MSCs may be a stronger candidate population than those derived from adult bone marrow to treat inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Hamidian Jahromi
- 1 Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,2 Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yunqing Li
- 1 Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John E Davies
- 1 Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,2 Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zhang C, Zhang B, Wang H, Tao Q, Ge S, Zhai Z. Tumor necrosis factor alpha-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) inhibits the inflammatory response by inhibiting the activation of P38 and JNK signaling pathway and decreases the restenosis of vein grafts in rats. Heart Vessels 2017; 32:1536-1545. [DOI: 10.1007/s00380-017-1059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Song WJ, Li Q, Ryu MO, Ahn JO, Ha Bhang D, Chan Jung Y, Youn HY. TSG-6 Secreted by Human Adipose Tissue-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorates DSS-induced colitis by Inducing M2 Macrophage Polarization in Mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5187. [PMID: 28701721 PMCID: PMC5507867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04766-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) alleviate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by modulating inflammatory cytokines in the inflamed intestine. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are not completely understood. We sought to investigate the therapeutic effects of human adipose tissue-derived (hAT)-MSCs in an IBD mouse model and to explore the mechanisms of the regulation of inflammation. Dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice were infused with hAT-MSCs intraperitoneally and colon tissues were collected on day 10. hAT-MSCs were shown to induce the expression of M2 macrophage markers and to regulate the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the colon. Quantitative real time-PCR analyses demonstrated that less than 20 hAT-MSCs, 0.001% of all intraperitoneally injected hAT-MSCs, were detected in the inflamed colon. To investigate the effects of hAT-MSC-secreted factors in vitro, transwell co-culture system was used, demonstrating that tumour necrosis factor-α-induced gene/protein 6 (TSG-6) released by hAT-MSCs induces M2 macrophages. In vivo, hAT-MSCs transfected with TSG-6 small interfering RNA, administered intraperitoneally, were not able to induce M2 macrophage phenotype switch in the inflamed colon and had no significant effects on IBD severity. In conclusion, hAT-MSC-produced TSG-6 can ameliorate IBD by inducing M2 macrophage switch in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Song
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ok Ryu
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ok Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ha Bhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Chan Jung
- KPC Corporation, Gwangju, Gyeonggi, 12773, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Youn
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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TSG-6 Downregulates IFN-Alpha and TNF-Alpha Expression by Suppressing IRF7 Phosphorylation in Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:7462945. [PMID: 28367002 PMCID: PMC5358455 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7462945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and type I interferons (IFN) are pathogenic signatures of systemic lupus erythematosus, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play a major role by predominantly producing IFN-α. Given the rise of importance in identifying tumor necrosis stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) as a key anti-inflammatory regulator, we investigate its function and its ability to counteract proinflammatory cytokine secretion by pDCs in vitro. CpG-A and R837 induced significant endogenous TSG-6 expression in the pDC cell-line GEN2.2. Following recombinant human TSG-6 treatment and CpG-A or R837 stimulation, significant reduction in IFN-α and TNF-α was observed in healthy donors' pDCs, and the same phenomenon was confirmed in GEN2.2. By CD44 blocking assay, we deduced that the suppressive effect of TSG-6 is mediated by CD44, by reducing IRF-7 phosphorylation. Our findings suggest that TSG-6 and its downstream signalling pathway could potentially be targeted to modulate proinflammatory cytokine expression in pDCs.
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