1
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Leontidou K, Abad-Recio IL, Rubel V, Filker S, Däumer M, Thielen A, Lanzén A, Stoeck T. Simultaneous analysis of seven 16S rRNA hypervariable gene regions increases efficiency in marine bacterial diversity detection. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:3484-3501. [PMID: 37974518 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Environmental DNA sequencing is the gold standard to reveal microbial community structures. In most applications, a one-fragment PCR approach is applied to amplify a taxonomic marker gene, usually a hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. We used a new reverse complement (RC)-PCR-based assay that amplifies seven out of the nine hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene, to interrogate bacterial communities in sediment samples collected from different coastal marine sites with an impact gradient. In parallel, we employed a traditional one-fragment analysis of the hypervariable V3-V4 region to investigate whether the RC-PCR reveals more of the 'unseen' diversity obtained by the one-fragment approach. As a benchmark for the full deck of diversity, we subjected the samples to PCR-free metagenomic sequencing. None of the two PCR-based approaches recorded the full taxonomic repertoire obtained from the metagenomics datasets. However, the RC-PCR approach detected 2.8 times more bacterial genera compared to the near-saturation sequenced V3-V4 samples. RC-PCR is an ideal compromise between the standard one-fragment approach and metagenomics sequencing and may guide future environmental sequencing studies, in which bacterial diversity is a central subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleopatra Leontidou
- Ecology Group, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ion L Abad-Recio
- Marine Ecosystems Functioning, AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Pasia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Verena Rubel
- Ecology Group, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sabine Filker
- Molecular Ecology Group, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Martin Däumer
- SeqIT, Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics and Services, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Alexander Thielen
- SeqIT, Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics and Services, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Anders Lanzén
- Marine Ecosystems Functioning, AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Pasia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Thorsten Stoeck
- Ecology Group, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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2
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Chowdhary A, Van Gelder RN, Sundararajan M. Methodologic Considerations for Studying the Ocular Surface Microbiome. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2023; 3:100408. [PMID: 38025161 PMCID: PMC10654231 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2023.100408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The ocular surface microbiome, unlike that of the skin or gut, has not been well characterized. Culture experiments historically suggested a nearly sterile ocular surface, but initial application of molecular methods such as 16S ribosomal RNA and high-throughput sequencing demonstrated a surprisingly rich ocular surface microbiome. However, a major limitation in studying such a low-biomass niche is the potential for artifactual results when amplification-based techniques such as ribosomal polymerase chain reaction and shotgun sequencing are used. It will be essential to establish standards across the field for sample collection, positive and negative controls, and limitation of contamination in both the laboratory setting and computational analysis. New developments in ocular microbiome research, including the generation of reference reagents and fluoroscopic imaging techniques, provide improved means to validate sequencing results and to visualize complex interactions between host cells and bacteria. Through more thorough characterization of the ocular surface microbiome, the connections between a dysregulated surface and ophthalmic disease may be better understood. Financial Disclosures Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Chowdhary
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Russell N. Van Gelder
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Roger and Angie Karalis Johnson Retina Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Miel Sundararajan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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3
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Šakarnytė L, Šiugždinienė R, Žymantienė J, Ruzauskas M. Comparison of Oral Microbial Composition and Determinants Encoding Antimicrobial Resistance in Dogs and Their Owners. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1554. [PMID: 37887255 PMCID: PMC10604839 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Consolidated studies on animal, human, and environmental health have become very important for understanding emerging zoonotic diseases and the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The aim of this study was to analyse the oral microbiomes of healthy dogs and their owners, including determinants of AMR. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing detected 299 bacterial species in pets and their owners, from which 70 species were carried by dogs and 229 species by humans. Results demonstrated a unique microbial composition of dogs and their owners. At an order level, Bacteroidales were the most prevalent oral microbiota of dogs with significantly lower prevalence in their owners where Actinomycetales and Lactobacillales predominated. Porphyromonas and Corynebacterium were the most prevalent genera in dogs, whereas Streptococcus and Actinomyces were in animal owners. The resistances to macrolides, tetracyclines, lincosamides and Cfx family A class broad-spectrum β-lactamase were detected in both animal and human microbiomes. Resistance determinants to amphenicols, aminoglycosides, sulphonamides, and quaternary ammonium compounds were detected exceptionally in dogs. In conclusion, the study demonstrated different bacterial composition in oral microbiomes of healthy dogs without clinical signs of periodontal disease and their owners. Due to the low numbers of the samples tested, further investigations with an increased number of samples should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Šakarnytė
- Microbiology and Virology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.Š.); (R.Š.)
| | - Rita Šiugždinienė
- Microbiology and Virology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.Š.); (R.Š.)
| | - Judita Žymantienė
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Modestas Ruzauskas
- Microbiology and Virology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.Š.); (R.Š.)
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
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4
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López-Gálvez J, Schiessl K, Besmer MD, Bruckmann C, Harms H, Müller S. Development of an Automated Online Flow Cytometry Method to Quantify Cell Density and Fingerprint Bacterial Communities. Cells 2023; 12:1559. [PMID: 37371029 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell density is an important factor in all microbiome research, where interactions are of interest. It is also the most important parameter for the operation and control of most biotechnological processes. In the past, cell density determination was often performed offline and manually, resulting in a delay between sampling and immediate data processing, preventing quick action. While there are now some online methods for rapid and automated cell density determination, they are unable to distinguish between the different cell types in bacterial communities. To address this gap, an online automated flow cytometry procedure is proposed for real-time high-resolution analysis of bacterial communities. On the one hand, it allows for the online automated calculation of cell concentrations and, on the other, for the differentiation between different cell subsets of a bacterial community. To achieve this, the OC-300 automation device (onCyt Microbiology, Zürich, Switzerland) was coupled with the flow cytometer CytoFLEX (Beckman Coulter, Brea, USA). The OC-300 performs the automatic sampling, dilution, fixation and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining of a bacterial sample before sending it to the CytoFLEX for measurement. It is demonstrated that this method can reproducibly measure both cell density and fingerprint-like patterns of bacterial communities, generating suitable data for powerful automated data analysis and interpretation pipelines. In particular, the automated, high-resolution partitioning of clustered data into cell subsets opens up the possibility of correlation analysis to identify the operational or abiotic/biotic causes of community disturbances or state changes, which can influence the interaction potential of organisms in microbiomes or even affect the performance of individual organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan López-Gálvez
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Michael D Besmer
- onCyt Microbiology AG, Marchwartstrasse 61, 8038 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Bruckmann
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hauke Harms
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susann Müller
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
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5
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Santiago-Rodriguez TM, Le François B, Macklaim JM, Doukhanine E, Hollister EB. The Skin Microbiome: Current Techniques, Challenges, and Future Directions. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1222. [PMID: 37317196 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin acts as a barrier that promotes the colonization of bacteria, fungi, archaea, and viruses whose membership and function may differ depending on the various specialized niches or micro-environments of the skin. The group of microorganisms inhabiting the skin, also known as the skin microbiome, offers protection against pathogens while actively interacting with the host's immune system. Some members of the skin microbiome can also act as opportunistic pathogens. The skin microbiome is influenced by factors such as skin site, birth mode, genetics, environment, skin products, and skin conditions. The association(s) of the skin microbiome with health and disease has (have) been identified and characterized via culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. Culture-independent methods (such as high-throughput sequencing), in particular, have expanded our understanding of the skin microbiome's role in maintaining health or promoting disease. However, the intrinsic challenges associated with the low microbial biomass and high host content of skin microbiome samples have hindered advancements in the field. In addition, the limitations of current collection and extraction methods and biases derived from sample preparation and analysis have significantly influenced the results and conclusions of many skin microbiome studies. Therefore, the present review discusses the technical challenges associated with the collection and processing of skin microbiome samples, the advantages and disadvantages of current sequencing approaches, and potential future areas of focus for the field.
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6
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Rahman B, Al-Marzooq F, Saad H, Benzina D, Al Kawas S. Dysbiosis of the Subgingival Microbiome and Relation to Periodontal Disease in Association with Obesity and Overweight. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040826. [PMID: 36839184 PMCID: PMC9965236 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity causes gut dysbiosis; nevertheless, little is known about the oral microbiome. We aimed to identify differences in the subgingival microbiota influenced by body weight and periodontal status. Patients (n = 75) recruited at the University Dental Hospital Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, were distributed into three equal groups (healthy weight, overweight, and obese) sub-divided into having either no-mild (NM) or moderate-severe (MS) periodontitis. Subgingival plaques were collected. Microbiota were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing using nanopore technology. Linear discriminant analysis demonstrated significant bacterial biomarkers for body weight and periodontal health. Unique microbiota signatures were identified, with enrichment of periopathogens in patients with MS periodontitis (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in obese, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola in overweight, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in healthy weight), thus reflecting differences in the microbiota affected by body weight. Other pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella enterica and Klebsiella pneumoniae, were enriched in overweight subjects with NM periodontitis, suggesting an increase in the relative abundance of pathogens even in patients with good periodontal health if they were overweight. Alpha and beta diversities were significantly different among the groups. Dysbiosis of the subgingival microbiota in obese and overweight individuals was associated with increased prevalence and severity of periodontal disease, which was correlated with the body mass index. This study highlights the immense importance of the oral microbiome and the need for lifestyle and dental interventions to resolve oral dysbiosis and restore normal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Rahman
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farah Al-Marzooq
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
| | - Hiba Saad
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dalenda Benzina
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sausan Al Kawas
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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7
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Jeon Y, Baranwal P, Li L, Piezer K, Seo Y. Review: Current understanding on biological filtration for the removal of microcystins. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137160. [PMID: 36356807 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have become a global problem not only in aquatic habitats but also in public health and safety due to the production of cyanotoxins as their secondary metabolites. Among the various identified cyanotoxin groups, microcystins (MCs) are one of the most prevalent cyanotoxin detected during HABs. Different strategies including advanced physical and chemical treatment processes have been developed to mitigate the threat of cyanotoxins in water utilities, but these have revealed certain limitations in terms of high operational costs, low removal efficacy, and harmful by-products formation. Recently, biological filtration systems (BFS) have gained attention for safe drinking water production as they can treat various natural organic matter (NOM) and emerging contaminants through a highly efficient and environmentally sustainable process. However, limited attention has been given to understand the current research progress, research challenges, and knowledge gaps for the successful implementation of BFS for MC removal. Therefore, in this review, currently identified MC biodegradation pathways and MC-degrading microorganisms with their degradation rates are summarized, which may be pivotal for studying bioaugmented BFS to enhance the MC removal during HABs. Moreover, both laboratory and field studies on BFS for MC removal are reviewed, followed by a discussion of current challenges and future research needs for the practical application of BFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchul Jeon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, 43606, United States
| | - Parul Baranwal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, 43606, United States
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, 43606, United States
| | - Kayla Piezer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, 43606, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3048 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, 43606, United States
| | - Youngwoo Seo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, 43606, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3048 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, 43606, United States.
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8
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Abdelmoneim TK, Mohamed MSM, Abdelhamid IA, Wahdan SFM, Atia MAM. Development of rapid and precise approach for quantification of bacterial taxa correlated with soil health. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1095045. [PMID: 36713193 PMCID: PMC9878287 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1095045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure and dynamic of soil bacterial community play a crucial role in soil health and plant productivity. However, there is a gap in studying the un-/or reclaimed soil bacteriome and its impact on future plant performance. The 16S metagenomic analysis is expensive and utilize sophisticated pipelines, making it unfavorable for researchers. Here, we aim to perform (1) in silico and in vitro validation of taxon-specific qPCR primer-panel in the detection of the beneficial soil bacterial community, to ensure its specificity and precision, and (2) multidimensional analysis of three soils/locations in Egypt ('Q', 'B', and 'G' soils) in terms of their physicochemical properties, bacteriome composition, and wheat productivity as a model crop. The in silico results disclosed that almost all tested primers showed high specificity and precision toward the target taxa. Among 17 measured soil properties, the electrical conductivity (EC) value (up to 5 dS/m) of 'Q' soil provided an efficient indicator for soil health among the tested soils. The 16S NGS analysis showed that the soil bacteriome significantly drives future plant performance, especially the abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria as key indicators. The functional prediction analysis results disclosed a high percentage of N-fixing bacterial taxa in 'Q' soil compared to other soils, which reflects their positive impact on wheat productivity. The taxon-specific qPCR primer-panel results revealed a precise quantification of the targeted taxa compared to the 16S NGS analysis. Moreover, 12 agro-morphological parameters were determined for grown wheat plants, and their results showed a high yield in the 'Q' soil compared to other soils; this could be attributed to the increased abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, high enrichment in nutrients (N and K), or increased EC/nutrient availability. Ultimately, the potential use of a taxon-specific qPCR primer-panel as an alternative approach to NGS provides a cheaper, user-friendly setup with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghreed Khaled Abdelmoneim
- Genome Mapping Department, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S. M. Mohamed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | | | - Mohamed A. M. Atia
- Genome Mapping Department, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt,*Correspondence: Mohamed A. M. Atia, ✉
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9
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Clostridioides difficile Infection in Patients after Organ Transplantation—A Narrative Overview. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154365. [PMID: 35955980 PMCID: PMC9368854 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is one of the most common causes of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The pathogenesis of this infection participates in the unstable colonization of the intestines with the physiological microbiota. Solid-organ-transplant (SOT) patients and patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are more prone to CDI compared to the general population. The main CDI risk factors in these patients are immunosuppressive therapy and frequent antibiotic use leading to dysbiosis. The current review article provides information about the risk factors, incidence and course of CDI in patients after liver, kidney, heart and lung transplantation and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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10
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Choi YJ, Kim S, Bae S, Kim Y, Chang HH, Kim J. Antibacterial Effects of Recombinant Endolysins in Disinfecting Medical Equipment: A Pilot Study. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:773640. [PMID: 35310392 PMCID: PMC8924034 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.773640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nosocomial infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are severe life-threatening factors. Endolysins (lysins) degrade the bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan and may help control pathogens, especially MDR bacteria prevalent in hospital settings. This study was conducted to verify the potential of lysin as disinfectant to kill bacteria contaminating medical devices that cause hospital infections. Eight catheters removed from hospitalized patients were collected and tested for their ability to kill bacteria contaminating the catheters using two lysins, LysSS and CHAP-161. Catheter-contaminating bacterial species were isolated and identified by 16s rRNA sequencing. From the eight catheters, bacteria were cultured from seven catheters, and five bacterial species (Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus muralis, Corynebacterium striatum, Enterococcus faecium, and Staphylococcus epidermidis) were identified. LysSS could inhibit catheter-contaminating bacteria, including C. striatum and S. epidermidis, compared with untreated controls but could not inhibit the growth of E. faecium. CHAP-161 showed more bactericidal effects than LysSS, but could not inhibit the growth of S. epidermidis. This study showed the potential of lysin as an alternative disinfectant for hazardous chemical disinfectants used in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jung Choi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Shukho Kim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sohyun Bae
- Department of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yoonjung Kim
- Department of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Ha Chang
- Department of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jungmin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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11
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Liu Y, Jeraldo P, Mendes-Soares H, Masters T, Asangba AE, Nelson H, Patel R, Chia N, Walther-Antonio M. Amplification of Femtograms of Bacterial DNA Within 3 h Using a Digital Microfluidics Platform for MinION Sequencing. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:25642-25651. [PMID: 34632220 PMCID: PMC8495859 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Whole genome sequencing is emerging as a promising tool for the untargeted detection of a broad range of microbial species for diagnosis and analysis. However, it is logistically challenging to perform the multistep process from sample preparation to DNA amplification to sequencing and analysis within a short turnaround time. To address this challenge, we developed a digital microfluidic device for rapid whole genome amplification of low-abundance bacterial DNA and compared results with conventional in-tube DNA amplification. In this work, we chose Corynebacterium glutamicum DNA as a bacterial target for method development and optimization, as it is not a common contaminant. Sequencing was performed in a hand-held Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION sequencer. Our results show that using an in-tube amplification approach, at least 1 pg starting DNA is needed to reach the amount required for successful sequencing within 2 h. While using a digital microfluidic device, it is possible to amplify as low as 10 fg of C. glutamicum DNA (equivalent to the amount of DNA within a single bacterial cell) within 2 h and to identify the target bacterium within 30 min of MinION sequencing-100× lower than the detection limit of an in-tube amplification approach. We demonstrate the detection of C. glutamicum DNA in a mock community DNA sample and characterize the limit of bacterial detection in the presence of human cells. This approach can be used to identify microbes with minute amounts of genetic material in samples depleted of human cells within 3 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Liu
- Department
of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905-0002, United States
- Microbiome
Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905-0002, United States
- Department
of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905-0002, United States
| | - Patricio Jeraldo
- Department
of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905-0002, United States
- Microbiome
Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905-0002, United States
| | - Helena Mendes-Soares
- Microbiome
Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905-0002, United States
| | - Thao Masters
- Division
of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905-0002, United States
| | - Abigail E. Asangba
- Department
of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905-0002, United States
- Microbiome
Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905-0002, United States
| | - Heidi Nelson
- Department
of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905-0002, United States
- Microbiome
Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905-0002, United States
| | - Robin Patel
- Division
of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905-0002, United States
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905-0002, United States
| | - Nicholas Chia
- Department
of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905-0002, United States
- Microbiome
Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905-0002, United States
| | - Marina Walther-Antonio
- Department
of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905-0002, United States
- Microbiome
Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905-0002, United States
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905-0002, United States
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12
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Genome Mining of Three Plant Growth-Promoting Bacillus Species from Maize Rhizosphere. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:3949-3969. [PMID: 34529229 PMCID: PMC8610958 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03660-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus species genomes are rich in plant growth-promoting genetic elements. Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis are important plant growth promoters; hence, to further improve their abilities, the genetic elements responsible for these traits were characterized and reported. Genetic elements reported include those of auxin, nitrogen fixation, siderophore production, iron acquisition, volatile organic compounds, and antibiotics. Furthermore, the presence of phages and antibiotic-resistant genes in the genomes are reported. Pan-genome analysis was conducted using ten Bacillus species. From the analysis, pan-genome of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis are still open. Ultimately, this study brings an insight into the genetic components of the plant growth-promoting abilities of these strains and shows their potential biotechnological applications in agriculture and other relevant sectors.
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13
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Fasolo A, Treu L, Stevanato P, Concheri G, Campanaro S, Squartini A. The hidden layers of microbial community structure: extracting the concealed diversity dimensions from our sequencing data. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 367:5843722. [PMID: 32449763 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial metabarcoding is the standard approach to assess communities' diversity. However reports are often limited to simple OTU abundances for each phylum, giving rather one-dimensional views of microbial assemblages, overlooking other accessible aspects. The first is masked by databases incompleteness; OTU picking involves clustering at 97% (near-species) sequence identity, but different OTUs regularly end up under a same taxon name. When expressing diversity as number of obtained taxonomical names, a large portion of the real diversity lying within the data remains underestimated. Using the 16S sequencing results of an environmental transect across a gradient of 17 coastal habitats we first extracted the number of OTUs hidden under the same name. Further, we observed which was the deepest rank yielded by annotation, revealing for which microbial groups are we missing most knowledge. Data were then used to infer an evolutionary aspect: what is, in each phylum the success of the present time individuals (abundances for each OTU) in relation to their prior evolutionary success in differentiation (number of OTUs). This information reveals whether the past speciation/diversification force is matched by the present competitiveness in reproduction/persistence. The final layer explored is functional diversity, i.e. abundances of groups involved in specific environmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fasolo
- Department of Agronomy, Animals, Food, Natural Resources and Environment DAFNAE, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Laura Treu
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, PD, Via Ugo Bassi 58, 35131 Padova, Italy.,CRIBI, Interdepartmental Research Center for Innovative Biotechnologies - University of Padova, Via G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Stevanato
- Department of Agronomy, Animals, Food, Natural Resources and Environment DAFNAE, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Concheri
- Department of Agronomy, Animals, Food, Natural Resources and Environment DAFNAE, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Stefano Campanaro
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, PD, Via Ugo Bassi 58, 35131 Padova, Italy.,CRIBI, Interdepartmental Research Center for Innovative Biotechnologies - University of Padova, Via G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Squartini
- Department of Agronomy, Animals, Food, Natural Resources and Environment DAFNAE, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.,CRIBI, Interdepartmental Research Center for Innovative Biotechnologies - University of Padova, Via G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
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14
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Ayhan K, Coşansu S, Orhan-Yanıkan E, Gülseren G. Advance methods for the qualitative and quantitative determination of microorganisms. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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15
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Cardozo-Mino MG, Fadeev E, Salman-Carvalho V, Boetius A. Spatial Distribution of Arctic Bacterioplankton Abundance Is Linked to Distinct Water Masses and Summertime Phytoplankton Bloom Dynamics (Fram Strait, 79°N). Front Microbiol 2021; 12:658803. [PMID: 34040593 PMCID: PMC8143376 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.658803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Arctic is impacted by climate warming faster than any other oceanic region on Earth. Assessing the baseline of microbial communities in this rapidly changing ecosystem is vital for understanding the implications of ocean warming and sea ice retreat on ecosystem functioning. Using CARD-FISH and semi-automated counting, we quantified 14 ecologically relevant taxonomic groups of bacterioplankton (Bacteria and Archaea) from surface (0-30 m) down to deep waters (2,500 m) in summer ice-covered and ice-free regions of the Fram Strait, the main gateway for Atlantic inflow into the Arctic Ocean. Cell abundances of the bacterioplankton communities in surface waters varied from 105 cells mL-1 in ice-covered regions to 106 cells mL-1 in the ice-free regions. Observations suggest that these were overall driven by variations in phytoplankton bloom conditions across the Strait. The bacterial groups Bacteroidetes and Gammaproteobacteria showed several-fold higher cell abundances under late phytoplankton bloom conditions of the ice-free regions. Other taxonomic groups, such as the Rhodobacteraceae, revealed a distinct association of cell abundances with the surface Atlantic waters. With increasing depth (>500 m), the total cell abundances of the bacterioplankton communities decreased by up to two orders of magnitude, while largely unknown taxonomic groups (e.g., SAR324 and SAR202 clades) maintained constant cell abundances throughout the entire water column (ca. 103 cells mL-1). This suggests that these enigmatic groups may occupy a specific ecological niche in the entire water column. Our results provide the first quantitative spatial variations assessment of bacterioplankton in the summer ice-covered and ice-free Arctic water column, and suggest that further shift toward ice-free Arctic summers with longer phytoplankton blooms can lead to major changes in the associated standing stock of the bacterioplankton communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda G. Cardozo-Mino
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Eduard Fadeev
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Verena Salman-Carvalho
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Antje Boetius
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- MARUM, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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16
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Abate TA, Desta AF, Love NG. Evaluating tannery wastewater treatment performance based on physicochemical and microbiological characteristics: An Ethiopian case study. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:658-669. [PMID: 32474980 PMCID: PMC8246915 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tanneries are an important industrial sector in Ethiopia; consequently, gaps in wastewater treatment process performance need to be identified as the country increases its emphasis on compliance. A case study was conducted to evaluate physicochemical and microbial water quality at a tannery near Addis Ababa. The treatment process was designed for the following: sulfide oxidation; biological oxygen demand reduction; and chromium removal. While some of Ethiopia's standards for industrial wastewater treatment were met through treatment, effluent COD, sulfide, total nitrogen, and total chromium guidelines were not. 16S rRNA gene analysis was used to evaluate the microbial community composition across the treatment train. The results show that common ruminant phyla were dominant throughout, with Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes comprising 77% to 82% relative abundance. The Firmicutes Clostridium increased consistently in relative abundance with treatment, comprising 39% to 61% of the total bacterial community in the effluent. Improved treatment is needed to meet environmental and public health goals. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Case Study of tannery wastewater treatment in Ethiopia shows ineffective treatment of chemical pollutants. Microbiological pollutants from tannery wastewater systems can introduce agents of importance to public health The microbiological composition of tannery influent, mixed liquor and effluent contains mostly four bacterial phyla lead by Firmicutes. Most pathogenic bacterial genera found in the tannery wastewater treatment system became a decreasing percentage of the total population. Clostridium comprises up to 61% of the effluent bacterial population and deserves further evaluation to better understand the consequences of its dominance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adey F. Desta
- Molecular, Cellular and Microbial BiologyAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - Nancy G. Love
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
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17
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Farhoumand P, Hassanzadazar H, Soltanpour MS, Aminzare M, Abbasi Z. Prevalence, genotyping and antibiotic resistance of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli in fresh beef and chicken meats marketed in Zanjan, Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 12:537-546. [PMID: 33613908 PMCID: PMC7884267 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v12i6.5028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of present study was to evaluate the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli, characterization and antimicrobial resistance of their serotypes and genotyping profiles in fresh beef and poultry meats marketed in Zanjan, Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 (45 chicken and 45 beef) samples were collected from January to June 2018 focusing on retail meat stores of Zanjan city, Iran. Foodborne pathogen detection and antimicrobial resistance of isolates performed by PCR and disc diffusion methods, respectively. Simplex PCR method was used for screening hly and uidA genes in L. monocytogenes and E. coli isolates, respectively. Results: Findings revealed high contamination in beef and chicken meats with E. coli (68.89% and 88.89%, respectively) and L. monocytogenes (53.33% and 46.67%, respectively). The most likelihood of E. coli isolates belonged to E. coli 13479 serotype. All L. monocytogenes isolates from beef and chicken meat samples had high similarity with serotypes L. monocytogenes strain NCTC 10357 and strain MF 4545, respectively. Multi drug resistance (MDR) was seen in both L. monocytogenes and E. coli isolates. Conclusion: This study shows an insight of the current status of beef and chicken meat contamination maketed in Zanjan, Iran with E. coli and L. monocytogenes isolates (high contamination rate), their genotypic profile, epidemiological relationship and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) that should be considered as a significant public health concern in Zanjan, Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Farhoumand
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hassan Hassanzadazar
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soleiman Soltanpour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Majid Aminzare
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Abbasi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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18
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Kalam S, Basu A, Ahmad I, Sayyed RZ, El-Enshasy HA, Dailin DJ, Suriani NL. Recent Understanding of Soil Acidobacteria and Their Ecological Significance: A Critical Review. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:580024. [PMID: 33193209 PMCID: PMC7661733 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.580024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidobacteria represents an underrepresented soil bacterial phylum whose members are pervasive and copiously distributed across nearly all ecosystems. Acidobacterial sequences are abundant in soils and represent a significant fraction of soil microbial community. Being recalcitrant and difficult-to-cultivate under laboratory conditions, holistic, polyphasic approaches are required to study these refractive bacteria extensively. Acidobacteria possesses an inventory of genes involved in diverse metabolic pathways, as evidenced by their pan-genomic profiles. Because of their preponderance and ubiquity in the soil, speculations have been made regarding their dynamic roles in vital ecological processes viz., regulation of biogeochemical cycles, decomposition of biopolymers, exopolysaccharide secretion, and plant growth promotion. These bacteria are expected to have genes that might help in survival and competitive colonization in the rhizosphere, leading to the establishment of beneficial relationships with plants. Exploration of these genetic attributes and more in-depth insights into the belowground mechanics and dynamics would lead to a better understanding of the functions and ecological significance of this enigmatic phylum in the soil-plant environment. This review is an effort to provide a recent update into the diversity of genes in Acidobacteria useful for characterization, understanding ecological roles, and future biotechnological perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Kalam
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Ann's College for Women, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anirban Basu
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - R Z Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal's, Arts, Science and Commerce College, Shahada, India
| | - Hesham Ali El-Enshasy
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia.,School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia.,City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Egypt
| | - Daniel Joe Dailin
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia.,School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Ni Luh Suriani
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia
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19
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Kumar R, Bröms JE, Sjöstedt A. Exploring the Diversity Within the Genus Francisella - An Integrated Pan-Genome and Genome-Mining Approach. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1928. [PMID: 32849479 PMCID: PMC7431613 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pan-genome analysis is a powerful method to explore genomic heterogeneity and diversity of bacterial species. Here we present a pan-genome analysis of the genus Francisella, comprising a dataset of 63 genomes and encompassing clinical as well as environmental isolates from distinct geographic locations. To determine the evolutionary relationship within the genus, we performed phylogenetic whole-genome studies utilizing the average nucleotide identity, average amino acid identity, core genes and non-recombinant loci markers. Based on the analyses, the phylogenetic trees obtained identified two distinct clades, A and B and a diverse cluster designated C. The sizes of the pan-, core-, cloud-, and shell-genomes of Francisella were estimated and compared to those of two other facultative intracellular pathogens, Legionella and Piscirickettsia. Francisella had the smallest core-genome, 692 genes, compared to 886 and 1,732 genes for Legionella and Piscirickettsia respectively, while the pan-genome of Legionella was more than twice the size of that of the other two genera. Also, the composition of the Francisella Type VI secretion system (T6SS) was analyzed. Distinct differences in the gene content of the T6SS were identified. In silico approaches performed to identify putative substrates of these systems revealed potential effectors targeting the cell wall, inner membrane, cellular nucleic acids as well as proteins, thus constituting attractive targets for site-directed mutagenesis. The comparative analysis performed here provides a comprehensive basis for the assessment of the phylogenomic relationship of members of the genus Francisella and for the identification of putative T6SS virulence traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajender Kumar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jeanette E Bröms
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Sjöstedt
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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20
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Species-specific genomic sequences for classification of bacteria. Comput Biol Med 2020; 123:103874. [PMID: 32658789 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Modern bacterial classification relies on genomic relatedness. Genetic variation in bacterial populations present a big challenge for taxonomic classification and recently several bacterial species have been reclassified based on the intra-species genome comparison. These were facilitated by next generation sequencing technologies and advances in genome comparison approaches which led to the rearrangement of diverse bacterial species and revolution in the microbial classification system. One of the outcome of these studies is the development of suitable DNA barcodes as reliable and cost-effective method for identifying various bacterial genera. Towards refining this further, we have applied a genome comparison approach in 1104 bacterial genome assemblies (excluding plasmids) to identify unique genomic segments among intra-species genome assemblies. Using extensive bioinformatics analysis, we have identified species-specific genomic regions and designed unique primers for 100 different species (belonging to 62 genera) which includes 62 pathogenic and 13 opportunistic pathogenic bacterial species and built a database (http://slsdb.manipal.edu/bact/). These species-specific genomic regions will have a major impact on in silico and molecular methods aimed at bacterial classification and identification. These may also serve as better DNA barcodes than the markers currently used for delineation of bacteria and may also find application in various translational research programs.
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21
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Myer PR, McDaneld TG, Kuehn LA, Dedonder KD, Apley MD, Capik SF, Lubbers BV, Harhay GP, Harhay DM, Keele JW, Henniger MT, Clemmons BA, Smith TPL. Classification of 16S rRNA reads is improved using a niche-specific database constructed by near-full length sequencing. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235498. [PMID: 32658916 PMCID: PMC7357769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Surveys of microbial populations in environmental niches of interest often utilize sequence variation in the gene encoding the ribosomal small subunit (the 16S rRNA gene). Generally, these surveys target the 16S genes using semi-degenerate primers to amplify portions of a subset of bacterial species, sequence the amplicons in bulk, and assign to putative taxonomic categories by comparison to databases purporting to connect specific sequences in the main variable regions of the gene to specific organisms. Due to sequence length constraints of the most popular bulk sequencing platforms, the primers selected amplify one to three of the nine variable regions, and taxonomic assignment is based on relatively short stretches of sequence (150-500 bases). We demonstrate that taxonomic assignment is improved through reduced unassigned reads by including a survey of near-full-length sequences specific to the target environment, using a niche of interest represented by the upper respiratory tract (URT) of cattle. We created a custom Bovine URT database from these longer sequences for assignment of shorter, less expensive reads in comparisons of the upper respiratory tract among individual animals. This process improves the ability to detect changes in the microbial populations of a given environment, and the accuracy of defining the content of that environment at increasingly higher taxonomic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip R. Myer
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Tara G. McDaneld
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, United States of America
| | - Larry A. Kuehn
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, United States of America
| | - Keith D. Dedonder
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Apley
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Sarah F. Capik
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Brian V. Lubbers
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Gregory P. Harhay
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, United States of America
| | - Dayna M. Harhay
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, United States of America
| | - John W. Keele
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, United States of America
| | - Madison T. Henniger
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Brooke A. Clemmons
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Timothy P. L. Smith
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, United States of America
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22
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Xue Y, Lanzén A, Jonassen I. Reconstructing ribosomal genes from large scale total RNA meta-transcriptomic data. Bioinformatics 2020; 36:3365-3371. [PMID: 32167532 PMCID: PMC7267836 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Technological advances in meta-transcriptomics have enabled a deeper understanding of the structure and function of microbial communities. 'Total RNA' meta-transcriptomics, sequencing of total reverse transcribed RNA, provides a unique opportunity to investigate both the structure and function of active microbial communities from all three domains of life simultaneously. A major step of this approach is the reconstruction of full-length taxonomic marker genes such as the small subunit ribosomal RNA. However, current tools for this purpose are mainly targeted towards analysis of amplicon and metagenomic data and thus lack the ability to handle the massive and complex datasets typically resulting from total RNA experiments. RESULTS In this work, we introduce MetaRib, a new tool for reconstructing ribosomal gene sequences from total RNA meta-transcriptomic data. MetaRib is based on the popular rRNA assembly program EMIRGE, together with several improvements. We address the challenge posed by large complex datasets by integrating sub-assembly, dereplication and mapping in an iterative approach, with additional post-processing steps. We applied the method to both simulated and real-world datasets. Our results show that MetaRib can deal with larger datasets and recover more rRNA genes, which achieve around 60 times speedup and higher F1 score compared to EMIRGE in simulated datasets. In the real-world dataset, it shows similar trends but recovers more contigs compared with a previous analysis based on random sub-sampling, while enabling the comparison of individual contig abundances across samples for the first time. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The source code of MetaRib is freely available at https://github.com/yxxue/MetaRib. CONTACT yaxin.xue@uib.no or Inge.Jonassen@uib.no. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Xue
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Lanzén
- AZTI-Tecnalia, Herrera Kaia, 20110 Pasaia, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Inge Jonassen
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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23
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Advances in monitoring soil microbial community dynamic and function. J Appl Genet 2020; 61:249-263. [PMID: 32062778 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-020-00549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms are vital to the overall ecosystem functioning, stability, and sustainability. Soil fertility and health depend on chemical composition and also on the qualitative and quantitative nature of microorganisms inhabiting it. Historically, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE), single-strand conformation polymorphism, DNA amplification fingerprinting, amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism, length heterogeneity PCR, and ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis were used to assess soil microbial community structure (SMCS), abundance, and diversity. However, these methods had significant shortcomings and limitations for application in land reclamation monitoring. SMCS has been primarily determined by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. This method provides a direct measure of viable biomass in addition to a biochemical profile of the microbial community. PLFA has limitations such as overlap in the composition of microorganisms and the specificity of PLFAs signature. In recent years, high-throughput next-generation sequencing has dramatically increased the resolution and detectable spectrum of diverse microbial phylotypes from environmental samples and it plays a significant role in microbial ecology studies. Next-generation sequencings using 454, Illumina, SOLiD, and Ion Torrent platforms are rapid and flexible. The two methods, PLFA and next-generation sequencing, are useful in detecting changes in microbial community diversity and structure in different ecosystems. Single-molecule real-time (SMRT) and nanopore sequencing technologies represent third-generation sequencing (TGS) platforms that have been developed to address the shortcomings of second-generation sequencing (SGS). Enzymatic and soil respiration analyses are performed to further determine soil quality and microbial activities. Other valuable methods that are being recently applied to microbial function and structures include NanoSIM, GeoChip, and DNA stable staple isotope probing (DNA-SIP) technologies. They are powerful metagenomics tool for analyzing microbial communities, including their structure, metabolic potential, diversity, and their impact on ecosystem functions. This review is a critical analysis of current methods used in monitoring soil microbial community dynamic and functions.
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24
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Brumfield KD, Huq A, Colwell RR, Olds JL, Leddy MB. Microbial resolution of whole genome shotgun and 16S amplicon metagenomic sequencing using publicly available NEON data. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228899. [PMID: 32053657 PMCID: PMC7018008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are ubiquitous in the biosphere, playing a crucial role in both biogeochemistry of the planet and human health. However, identifying these microorganisms and defining their function are challenging. Widely used approaches in comparative metagenomics, 16S amplicon sequencing and whole genome shotgun sequencing (WGS), have provided access to DNA sequencing analysis to identify microorganisms and evaluate diversity and abundance in various environments. However, advances in parallel high-throughput DNA sequencing in the past decade have introduced major hurdles, namely standardization of methods, data storage, reproducible interoperability of results, and data sharing. The National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), established by the National Science Foundation, enables all researchers to address queries on a regional to continental scale around a variety of environmental challenges and provide high-quality, integrated, and standardized data from field sites across the U.S. As the amount of metagenomic data continues to grow, standardized procedures that allow results across projects to be assessed and compared is becoming increasingly important in the field of metagenomics. We demonstrate the feasibility of using publicly available NEON soil metagenomic sequencing datasets in combination with open access Metagenomics Rapid Annotation using the Subsystem Technology (MG-RAST) server to illustrate advantages of WGS compared to 16S amplicon sequencing. Four WGS and four 16S amplicon sequence datasets, from surface soil samples prepared by NEON investigators, were selected for comparison, using standardized protocols collected at the same locations in Colorado between April-July 2014. The dominant bacterial phyla detected across samples agreed between sequencing methodologies. However, WGS yielded greater microbial resolution, increased accuracy, and allowed identification of more genera of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and eukaryota, and putative functional genes that would have gone undetected using 16S amplicon sequencing. NEON open data will be useful for future studies characterizing and quantifying complex ecological processes associated with changing aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D. Brumfield
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anwar Huq
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rita R. Colwell
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- CosmosID Inc., Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - James L. Olds
- Schar School, George Mason University, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Menu B. Leddy
- Essential Environmental and Engineering Systems, Huntington Beach, California, United States of America
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Bacterial community profiling highlights complex diversity and novel organisms in wildlife ticks. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 11:101407. [PMID: 32051105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Ticks Acari:Ixodida transmit a greater variety of pathogens than any other blood-feeding group of arthropods. While numerous microbes have been identified inhabiting Australian Ixodidae, some of which are related to globally important tick-borne pathogens, little is known about the bacterial communities within ticks collected from Australian wildlife. In this study, 1,019 ticks were identified on 221 hosts spanning 27 wildlife species. Next-generation sequencing was used to amplify the V1-2 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene from 238 ticks; Amblyomma triguttatum (n = 6), Bothriocroton auruginans (n = 11), Bothriocroton concolor (n = 20), Haemaphysalis bancrofti (n = 10), Haemaphysalis bremneri (n = 4), Haemaphysalis humerosa (n = 13), Haemaphysalis longicornis (n = 4), Ixodes antechini (n = 29), Ixodes australiensis (n = 26), Ixodes fecialis (n = 13), Ixodes holocyclus (n = 37), Ixodes myrmecobii (n = 1), Ixodes ornithorhynchi (n = 10), Ixodes tasmani (n = 51) and Ixodes trichosuri (n = 3). After bioinformatic analyses, over 14 million assigned bacterial sequences revealed the presence of recently described bacteria 'Candidatus Borrelia tachyglossi', 'Candidatus Neoehrlichia australis', 'Candidatus Neoehrlichia arcana' and 'Candidatus Ehrlichia ornithorhynchi'. Furthermore, three novel Anaplasmataceae species were identified in the present study including; a Neoehrlichia sp. in I. australiensis and I. fecialis collected from quenda (Isoodon fusciventer) (Western Australia), an Anaplasma sp. from one B. concolor from echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) (New South Wales), and an Ehrlichia sp. from a single I. fecialis parasitising a quenda (WA). This study highlights the diversity of bacterial genera harboured within wildlife ticks, which may prove to be of medical and/or veterinary importance in the future.
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Saha J, Saha BK, Pal Sarkar M, Roy V, Mandal P, Pal A. Comparative Genomic Analysis of Soil Dwelling Bacteria Utilizing a Combinational Codon Usage and Molecular Phylogenetic Approach Accentuating on Key Housekeeping Genes. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2896. [PMID: 31921071 PMCID: PMC6928123 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil is a diversified and complex ecological niche, home to a myriad of microorganisms particularly bacteria. The physico-chemical complexities of soil results in a plethora of physiological variations to exist within the different types of soil dwelling bacteria, giving rise to a wide variation in genome structure and complexity. This serves as an attractive proposition to analyze and compare the genome of a large number soil bacteria to comprehend their genome complexity and evolution. In this study a combination of codon usage and molecular phylogenetics of the whole genome and key housekeeping genes like infB (translation initiation factor 2), trpB (tryptophan synthase, beta subunit), atpD (ATP synthase, beta subunit), and rpoB (RNA polymerase, beta subunit) of 92 soil bacterial species spread across the entire eubacterial domain and residing in different soil types was performed. The results indicated the direct relationship of genome size with codon bias and coding frequency in the studied bacteria. The codon usage profile demonstrated by the gene trpB was found to be relatively different from the rest of the housekeeping genes with a large number of bacteria having a greater percentage of genes with Nc values less than the Nc of trpB. The results from the overall codon usage bias profile also depicted that the codon usage bias in the key housekeeping genes of soil bacteria was majorly due to selectional pressure and not mutation. The analysis of hydrophobicity of the gene product encoded by the rpoB coding sequences demonstrated tight clustering across all the soil bacteria suggesting conservation of protein structure for maintenance of form and function. The phylogenetic affinities inferred using 16S rRNA gene and the housekeeping genes demonstrated conflicting signals with trpB gene being the noisiest one. The housekeeping gene atpD was found to depict the least amount of evolutionary change in the soil bacteria considered in this study except in two Clostridium species. The phylogenetic and codon usage analysis of the soil bacteria consistently demonstrated the relatedness of Azotobacter chroococcum with different species of the genus Pseudomonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanti Saha
- Microbiology & Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Raiganj University, Raiganj, India
| | - Barnan K. Saha
- Microbiology & Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Raiganj University, Raiganj, India
| | - Monalisha Pal Sarkar
- Mycology & Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Raiganj University, Raiganj, India
| | - Vivek Roy
- Microbiology & Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Raiganj University, Raiganj, India
| | - Parimal Mandal
- Mycology & Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Raiganj University, Raiganj, India
| | - Ayon Pal
- Microbiology & Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Raiganj University, Raiganj, India
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Svatos KBW, Abbott LK. Dairy soil bacterial responses to nitrogen application in simulated Italian ryegrass and white clover pasture. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:9495-9504. [PMID: 31351712 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-16107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Through clearing and use of fertilizer and legumes, areas of southwestern Australia's unique coastal sand plains can support relatively low-cost dairies. However, the ancient, highly weathered nature of the soils in this region makes the dairies susceptible to a range of threats, including nutrient leaching and erosion. Despite this, Western Australian dairy cows typically produce up to 5,500 L of milk per head annually supported by inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizer (commonly 50:50 urea and ammonium sulfate) at rates up to <320 kg of N/ha per year. Where hotspots exist (up to 2,000 kg of N/ha per year), total N exceeds pasture requirements. We investigated plant and soil bacteria responses to N fertilizer rates consistent with Australian legislated production practices on dairy farms for pure and mixed swards of white clover (Trifolium repens) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in a long-term pasture experiment in controlled glasshouse conditions. Although the soil bacterial community structure at phylum level was similar for white clover and Italian ryegrass, relative abundances of specific subgroups of bacteria differed among plant species according to the N fertilizer regimen. Marked increases in relative abundance of some bacterial phyla and subphyla indicated potential inhibition of N cycling, especially for N hotspots in soil. Ammonium concentration in soil was less correlated with dominance of some N-cycling bacterial phyla than was nitrate concentration. Changes in bacterial community structure related to altered nutrient cycling highlight the potential for considering this area of research in policy assessment frameworks related to nutrient loads in dairy soils, especially for N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl B W Svatos
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia, Australia; Agriculture and Food Division, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth 6151, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Lynette K Abbott
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia
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28
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Ali HRK, Hemeda NF, Abdelaliem YF. Symbiotic cellulolytic bacteria from the gut of the subterranean termite Psammotermes hypostoma Desneux and their role in cellulose digestion. AMB Express 2019; 9:111. [PMID: 31317283 PMCID: PMC6637158 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0830-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The subterranean termite Psammotermes hypostoma Desneux is considered as an important pest that could cause severe damage to buildings, furniture, silos of grain and crops or any material containing cellulose. This species of termites is widespread in Egypt and Africa. The lower termite’s ability to digest cellulose depends on the association of symbiotic organisms gut that digest cellulose (flagellates and bacteria). In this study, 33 different bacterial isolates were obtained from the gut of the termite P. hypostoma which were collected using cellulose traps. Strains were grown on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as a sole source of carbon. Cellulolytic strains were isolated in two different cellulose medium (mineral salt medium containing carboxymethylcellulose as the sole carbon source and agar cellulose medium). Five isolates showed significant cellulolytic activity identified by a Congo red assay which gives clear zone. Based on biochemical tests and sequencing of 16s rRNA genes these isolates were identified as Paenibacillus lactis, Lysinibacillus macrolides, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Lysinibacillus fusiformis and Bacillus cereus, that deposited in GenBank with accession numbers MG991563, MG991564, MG991565, MG991566 and MG991567, respectively.
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Khoder M, Osman M, Diene SM, Okdah L, Lalaoui R, Al Achkar M, Mallat H, Hamze M, Rolain JM. Evaluation of different testing tools for the identification of non-gonococcal Neisseria spp. isolated from Lebanese male semen: a strong and significant association with infertility. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:1012-1020. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- May Khoder
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 19-21 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
| | - Marwan Osman
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Seydina M. Diene
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 19-21 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
| | - Liliane Okdah
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 19-21 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
| | - Rym Lalaoui
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 19-21 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
| | | | - Hassan Mallat
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Monzer Hamze
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 19-21 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
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Wang D, Li T, Huang K, He X, Zhang XX. Roles and correlations of functional bacteria and genes in the start-up of simultaneous anammox and denitrification system for enhanced nitrogen removal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 655:1355-1363. [PMID: 30577127 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous anammox and denitrification (SAD) is a newly developed wastewater treatment process efficient in nitrogen removal, but its underlying microbiological mechanisms during start-up remains unknown. This study investigated the changing patterns of functional bacteria and genes, as well as their correlation during the start-up (260 d) of the SAD systems in two lab-scale up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket bioreactors separately inoculated with anaerobic granular sludge (R1) and aerobic floccular sludge (R2). Results showed that high total nitrogen removal was achieved in the SAD systems of both R1 (88.25%) and R2 (89.42%). High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons revealed that Armatimonadetes phylum had a high abundance (44.34%) in R2, while was not detectable in R1 during the anammox stage. However, the SAD bioreactors retained inherent microbial community and the inoculation with different sludge showed less notable effects on their microbial composition. In the SAD systems, Candidatus Brocadia had high abundance in R1 (2.93%) and R2 (4.64%) and played important role in anammox. Network analysis indicated that Denitratisoma and Dokdonella were positively correlated with nitrite reductase genes nirS and nirK (p < 0.05), while Thermomonas and Pseudomonas showing a positive correlation with nitrate reductase gene narG (p < 0.05) were mainly responsible for the nitrate reduction in the SAD systems. Moreover, the overwhelming dominance of narG v.s. napA revealed the crucial roles of respiratory nitrate reduction in the bioreactors. The results extend our knowledge regarding the microbial ecology of the SAD system, which might be practically helpful for application of the process in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Depeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kailong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xu-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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31
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Karimiazar F, Soltanpour MS, Aminzare M, Hassanzadazar H. Prevalence, genotyping, serotyping, and antibiotic resistance of isolated
Salmonella
strains from industrial and local eggs in Iran. J Food Saf 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Karimiazar
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public HealthZanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
| | - Mohammad S. Soltanpour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences,, School of Paramedical SciencesZanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
| | - Majid Aminzare
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public HealthZanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
| | - Hassan Hassanzadazar
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public HealthZanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
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32
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Kawaka F, Makonde H, Dida M, Opala P, Ombori O, Maingi J, Muoma J. Genetic diversity of symbiotic bacteria nodulating common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in western Kenya. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207403. [PMID: 30440041 PMCID: PMC6237360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in legumes plays a critical role in improving soil fertility. Despite this vital role, there is limited information on the genetic diversity and BNF of bacteria nodulating common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). This study evaluated the genetic diversity and symbiotic nitrogen fixation of bacteria nodulating common bean in soils of Western Kenya. The genetic diversity was determined using 16S rRNA gene partial sequences while BNF was estimated in a greenhouse experiment. The sequences of the native isolates were closely affiliated with members from the genera Pantoea, Klebsiella, Rhizobium, Enterobacter and Bacillus. These results show that apart from rhizobia, there are non-rhizobial strains in the nodules of common bean. The symbiotic efficiency (SE) of native isolates varied and exhibited comparable or superior BNF compared to the local commercial inoculants (CIAT 899 and Strain 446). Isolates (MMUST 003 [KP027691], MMUST 004 [KP027687], MMUST 005 [KP027688], KSM 001 [KP027682], KSM 002 [KP027680], KSM 003 [KP027683] and KSM 005 [KP027685]) recorded equal or significantly higher SE (p < 0.05) compared to N supplemented treatments. The results demonstrate the presence of genetic diversity of native bacteria nodulating bean that are effective in N fixation. These elite bacterial strains should be exploited as candidates for the development of Phaseolus vulgaris inoculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanuel Kawaka
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Technical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Huxley Makonde
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Technical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Mathews Dida
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Peter Opala
- Department of Soil Science, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Omwoyo Ombori
- Department of Plant Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John Maingi
- Department of Microbiology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John Muoma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
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33
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Teng Y, Ren Y, Sayed M, Hu X, Lei C, Kumar A, Hutchins E, Mu J, Deng Z, Luo C, Sundaram K, Sriwastva MK, Zhang L, Hsieh M, Reiman R, Haribabu B, Yan J, Jala VR, Miller DM, Van Keuren-Jensen K, Merchant ML, McClain CJ, Park JW, Egilmez NK, Zhang HG. Plant-Derived Exosomal MicroRNAs Shape the Gut Microbiota. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 24:637-652.e8. [PMID: 30449315 PMCID: PMC6746408 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 479] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota can be altered by dietary interventions to prevent and treat various diseases. However, the mechanisms by which food products modulate commensals remain largely unknown. We demonstrate that plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) are taken up by the gut microbiota and contain RNAs that alter microbiome composition and host physiology. Ginger ELNs (GELNs) are preferentially taken up by Lactobacillaceae in a GELN lipid-dependent manner and contain microRNAs that target various genes in Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG). Among these, GELN mdo-miR7267-3p-mediated targeting of the LGG monooxygenase ycnE yields increased indole-3-carboxaldehyde (I3A). GELN-RNAs or I3A, a ligand for aryl hydrocarbon receptor, are sufficient to induce production of IL-22, which is linked to barrier function improvement. These functions of GELN-RNAs can ameliorate mouse colitis via IL-22-dependent mechanisms. These findings reveal how plant products and their effects on the microbiome may be used to target specific host processes to alleviate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Teng
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, CTRB 309, 505 Hancock Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Mohammed Sayed
- Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chao Lei
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, CTRB 309, 505 Hancock Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Anil Kumar
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, CTRB 309, 505 Hancock Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | | | - Jingyao Mu
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, CTRB 309, 505 Hancock Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Zhongbin Deng
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, CTRB 309, 505 Hancock Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Chao Luo
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, CTRB 309, 505 Hancock Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Kumaran Sundaram
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, CTRB 309, 505 Hancock Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Mukesh K Sriwastva
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, CTRB 309, 505 Hancock Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, CTRB 309, 505 Hancock Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Michael Hsieh
- Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Rebecca Reiman
- Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Bodduluri Haribabu
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, CTRB 309, 505 Hancock Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, CTRB 309, 505 Hancock Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Venkatakrishna Rao Jala
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, CTRB 309, 505 Hancock Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Donald M Miller
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, CTRB 309, 505 Hancock Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Kendall Van Keuren-Jensen
- Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Michael L Merchant
- Kidney Disease Program and Clinical Proteomics Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Craig J McClain
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Juw Won Park
- Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; KBRIN Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Nejat K Egilmez
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, CTRB 309, 505 Hancock Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Huang-Ge Zhang
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, CTRB 309, 505 Hancock Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Saleem M, Lavagnolo MC, Concheri G, Stevanato P, Squartini A, Spagni A. Application of anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactor (AnDMBR) for the successful enrichment of Anammox bacteria using mixed anaerobic and aerobic seed sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 266:532-540. [PMID: 30007193 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated a novel bioreactor configuration coupled with a side-stream dynamic membrane (DM) for Anammox enrichment as an alternative for conventional membrane. Bioreactor was fed with synthetic feed and seeded with a mix of anaerobic and aerobic sludge. In situ mechanical cleaning was employed for DM cleaning. DM development and performance was analysed over two polyamide-nylon meshes (200 and 52 µm). Solid-liquid separation of 52 µm mesh outperformed 200 µm with an average effluent turbidity of 2.4 ± 0.1 NTU. The system was operated at a maximum nitrogen loading rate of 696 mg-N L-1 d-1 and achieved a maximum nitrogen removal rate of 611.6 mg-N L-1 d-1. At steady state, the average ammonium, nitrite and total nitrogen removal efficiencies were 87 ± 0.6%, 98.5 ± 0.15% and 87.5 ± 0.56% respectively. Digital realtime PCRSequence analysis showed that Planctomycetales belonging to ascertained Anammox-specific genera progressively increased their presence in the reactor consistently with its nitrogen removal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubbshir Saleem
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Lavagnolo
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Concheri
- Department of Agronomy, Animals, Food, Natural Resources and Environment DAFNAE, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 15, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Stevanato
- Department of Agronomy, Animals, Food, Natural Resources and Environment DAFNAE, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 15, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Andrea Squartini
- Department of Agronomy, Animals, Food, Natural Resources and Environment DAFNAE, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 15, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Alessandro Spagni
- Laboratory of Technologies for Waste, Wastewater and Raw Materials Management, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), via M.M. Sole 4, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Gałązka A, Grządziel J, Gałązka R, Ukalska-Jaruga A, Strzelecka J, Smreczak B. Genetic and Functional Diversity of Bacterial Microbiome in Soils With Long Term Impacts of Petroleum Hydrocarbons. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1923. [PMID: 30186255 PMCID: PMC6113661 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil contamination with petroleum, especially in the area of oil wells, is a serious environmental problem. Restoring soil subjected to long-term pollution to its original state is very difficult. Under such conditions, unique bacterial communities develop in the soil that are adapted to the contaminated conditions. Analysis of the structure and function of these microorganisms can be a source of valuable information with regard to bioremediation. The aim of this study was to evaluate structural and functional diversity of the bacterial communities in soils with long-term impacts from petroleum. Samples were taken from the three oldest oil wells at the Crude Oil Mine site in Węglówka, Poland; the oldest was established in 1888. They were collected at 2 distances: (1) within a radius of 0.5 m from the oil wells, representing soil strongly contaminated with petroleum; and (2) 3 m from the oil wells as the controls. The samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing and the community level physiological profiling (CLPP) method in order to better understand both the genetic and functional structure of soil collected from under oil wells. Significant differences were found in the soil samples with regard to bacterial communities. The soils taken within 0.5 m of the oil wells were characterized by the highest biodiversity indexes. Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria were strongly correlated with biological activity in these soils. Families of Alphaproteobacteria were also dominant, including: Bradyrhizobiaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Acetobacteraceae, Hyphomicrobiaceae, and Sphingomonadaceae. The study showed that the long term contamination of soil changes bacterial communities and their metabolic activity. Even so, natural bioremediation leads to the formation of specific groups of bacteria that actively grow at the site of contamination in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gałązka
- Department of Agriculture Microbiology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Jarosław Grządziel
- Department of Agriculture Microbiology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Rafał Gałązka
- Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga
- Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Joanna Strzelecka
- Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Bożena Smreczak
- Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
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Hicks N, Liu X, Gregory R, Kenny J, Lucaci A, Lenzi L, Paterson DM, Duncan KR. Temperature Driven Changes in Benthic Bacterial Diversity Influences Biogeochemical Cycling in Coastal Sediments. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1730. [PMID: 30190707 PMCID: PMC6115492 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine sediments are important sites for global biogeochemical cycling, mediated by macrofauna and microalgae. However, it is the microorganisms that drive these key processes. There is strong evidence that coastal benthic habitats will be affected by changing environmental variables (rising temperature, elevated CO2), and research has generally focused on the impact on macrofaunal biodiversity and ecosystem services. Despite their importance, there is less understanding of how microbial community assemblages will respond to environmental changes. In this study, a manipulative mesocosm experiment was employed, using next-generation sequencing to assess changes in microbial communities under future environmental change scenarios. Illumina sequencing generated over 11 million 16S rRNA gene sequences (using a primer set biased toward bacteria) and revealed Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria dominated the total bacterial community of sediment samples. In this study, the sequencing coverage and depth revealed clear changes in species abundance within some phyla. Bacterial community composition was correlated with simulated environmental conditions, and species level community composition was significantly influenced by the mean temperature of the environmental regime (p = 0.002), but not by variation in CO2 or diurnal temperature variation. Species level changes with increasing mean temperature corresponded with changes in NH4 concentration, suggesting there is no functional redundancy in microbial communities for nitrogen cycling. Marine coastal biogeochemical cycling under future environmental conditions is likely to be driven by changes in nutrient availability as a direct result of microbial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Hicks
- The Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, United Kingdom
| | - Xuan Liu
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Gregory
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - John Kenny
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Lucaci
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Lenzi
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - David M. Paterson
- Sediment Ecology Research Group, School of Biology, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine R. Duncan
- The Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, United Kingdom
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Reid T, Chaganti SR, Droppo IG, Weisener CG. Novel insights into freshwater hydrocarbon-rich sediments using metatranscriptomics: Opening the black box. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 136:1-11. [PMID: 29486256 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Baseline biogeochemical surveys of natural environments is an often overlooked field of environmental studies. Too often research begins once contamination has occurred, with a knowledge gap as to how the affected area behaved prior to outside (often anthropogenic) influences. These baseline characterizations can provide insight into proposed bioremediation strategies crucial in cleaning up chemical spill sites or heavily mined regions. Hence, this study was conducted to survey the in-situ microbial activity within freshwater hydrocarbon-rich environments cutting through the McMurray formation - the geologic strata constituting the oil sands. We are the first to report in-situ functional variations among these freshwater microbial ecosystems using metatranscriptomics, providing insight into the in-situ gene expression within these naturally hydrocarbon-rich sites. Key genes involved in energy metabolism (nitrogen, sulfur and methane) and hydrocarbon degradation, including transcripts relating to the observed expression of methane oxidation are reported. This information provides better linkages between hydrocarbon impacted environments, closing knowledge gaps for optimizing not only oil sands mine reclamation but also enhancing microbial reclamation strategies in various freshwater environments. These finding can also be applied to existing contaminated environments, in need of efficient reclamation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Reid
- University of Windsor - Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Subba Rao Chaganti
- University of Windsor - Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Ian G Droppo
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher G Weisener
- University of Windsor - Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
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Kou S, Vincent G, Gonzalez E, Pitre FE, Labrecque M, Brereton NJB. The Response of a 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Fragment Amplified Community to Lead, Zinc, and Copper Pollution in a Shanghai Field Trial. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:366. [PMID: 29545788 PMCID: PMC5838024 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrial and agricultural activities have caused extensive metal contamination of land throughout China and across the globe. The pervasive nature of metal pollution can be harmful to human health and can potentially cause substantial negative impact to the biosphere. To investigate the impact of anthropogenic metal pollution found in high concentrations in industrial, agricultural, and urban environments, 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to track change in the amplified microbial community after metal contamination in a large-scale field experiment in Shanghai. A total of 1,566 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) identified from 448,108 sequences gathered from 20 plots treated as controls or with lead, zinc, copper, or all three metals. Constrained Analysis of Principal Coordinates ordination did not separate control and lead treatment but could separate control/lead, zinc, copper, and three metal treatment. DESeq2 was applied to identify 93 significantly differentially abundant OTUs varying in 211 pairwise instances between the treatments. Differentially abundant OTUs representing genera or species belonging to the phyla Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Latescibacteria, and Planctomycetes were almost universally reduced in abundance due to zinc, copper, or three metal treatment; with three metal treatment abolishing the detection of some OTUs, such as Leptolyngbya, Desmonostoc muscorum, and Microcoleus steenstrupii. The greatest increases due to metal treatment were observed in Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Chlamydiae, Nitrospirae, and Proteobacteria (α, β, δ, and γ); the most (relative) abundant being uncharacterized species within the genera Methylobacillus, Solirubrobacter, and Ohtaekwangia. Three metal treatment alone resulted in identification of 22 OTUs (genera or species) which were not detected in control soil, notably including Yonghaparkia alkaliphila, Pedobacter steynii, Pseudolabrys taiwanensis, Methylophilus methylotrophus, Nitrosospira, and Lysobacter mobilis. The capacity to track alterations of an amplified microbial community at high taxonomic resolution using modern bioinformatic approaches, as well as identifying where that resolution is lost for technical or biological reasons, provides an insight into the complexity of the microbial world resisting anthropogenic pollution. While functional assessment of uncharacterized organisms within environmental samples is technically challenging, an important step is observing those organisms able to tolerate extreme stress and to recognize the extent to which important amplifiable community members still require characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumeng Kou
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Gilles Vincent
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Emmanuel Gonzalez
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Frederic E. Pitre
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Montreal Botanical Garden, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Montreal Botanical Garden, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Intrinsic antimicrobial properties of silk spun by genetically modified silkworm strains. Transgenic Res 2018; 27:87-101. [PMID: 29435708 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-018-0059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori, is a fundamental insect for silk industry. Silk is obtained from cocoons, protective envelopes produced during pupation and composed of single raw silk filaments secreted by the insect silk glands. Currently, silk is used as a textile fibre and to produce new materials for technical and biomedical applications. To enhance the use of both fabrics and silk-based materials, great efforts to obtain silk with antimicrobial properties have been made. In particular, a convincing approach is represented by the enrichment of the textile fibre with antimicrobial peptides, the main effectors of the innate immunity. To this aim, silkworm-based transgenic techniques appear to be cost-effective strategies to obtain cocoons in which antimicrobial peptides are integrated among the silk proteins. Recently, cocoons transgenic for a recombinant silk protein conjugated to the silkworm Cecropin B antimicrobial peptide were obtained and showed enhanced antibacterial properties (Li et al. in Mol Biol Rep 42:19-25, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-014-3735-z , 2015a). In this work we used the piggyBac-mediated germline transformation to generate several transgenic B. mori lines able to overexpress Cecropin B or Moricin antimicrobial peptides at the level of the silk gland. The derived cocoons were characterised by increased antimicrobial properties and the resulting silk fibre was able to inhibit the bacterial growth of the Gram-negative Escherichia coli. Our results suggest that the generation of silkworm overexpressing unconjugated antimicrobial peptides in the silk gland might represent an additional strategy to obtain antimicrobial peptide-enriched silk, for the production of new silk-based materials.
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Botta C, Ferrocino I, Cavallero MC, Riva S, Giordano M, Cocolin L. Potentially active spoilage bacteria community during the storage of vacuum packaged beefsteaks treated with aqueous ozone and electrolyzed water. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 266:337-345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Vieira FR, Pecchia JA. An Exploration into the Bacterial Community under Different Pasteurization Conditions during Substrate Preparation (Composting-Phase II) for Agaricus bisporus Cultivation. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2018; 75:318-330. [PMID: 28730353 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-1026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Substrate preparation (i.e., composting) for Agaricus bisporus cultivation is the most critical point of mushroom production. Among many factors involved in the composting process, the microbial ecology of the system is the underlying drive of composting and can be influenced by composting management techniques. Pasteurization temperature at the beginning of phase II, in theory, may influence the bacterial community and subsequently the "selectivity" and nutrition of the final substrate. Therefore, this hypothesis was tested by simulation in bioreactors under different pasteurization conditions (57 °C/6 h, 60 °C/2 h, and 68 °C/2 h), simulating conditions adopted by many producers. Bacterial diversity, based on 16S ribosomal RNA obtained by high-throughput sequencing and classified in operational taxonomic units (OTUs), was greater than previously reported using culture-dependent methods. Alpha diversity estimators show a lower diversity of OTUs under a high-temperature pasteurization condition. Bacillales order shows a relatively higher OTU abundance under a high-pasteurization temperature, which also was related to high ammonia emission measurements. On the other hand, beta diversity analysis showed no significantly changes in the bacterial community structure under different conditions. Agaricus bisporus mycelium growth during a standard spawn run period was significantly slower in the compost pasteurized at high temperature. Since the bacterial community structure was not greatly affected by different pasteurization conditions but by-products left (e.g., ammonia) at the end of compost conditioning varied, further studies need to be conducted to determine the functional role of the microbial communities found during substrate preparation for Agaricus bisporus cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio Rocha Vieira
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - John Andrew Pecchia
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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Campanaro S, Treu L, Kougias PG, Zhu X, Angelidaki I. Taxonomy of anaerobic digestion microbiome reveals biases associated with the applied high throughput sequencing strategies. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1926. [PMID: 29386622 PMCID: PMC5792648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20414-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, many studies investigated the anaerobic digestion microbiome by means of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Results obtained from these studies were compared to each other without taking into consideration the followed procedure for amplicons preparation and data analysis. This negligence was mainly due to the lack of knowledge regarding the biases influencing specific steps of the microbiome investigation process. In the present study, the main technical aspects of the 16S rRNA analysis were checked giving special attention to the approach used for high throughput sequencing. More specifically, the microbial compositions of three laboratory scale biogas reactors were analyzed before and after addition of sodium oleate by sequencing the microbiome with three different approaches: 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, shotgun DNA and shotgun RNA. This comparative analysis revealed that, in amplicon sequencing, abundance of some taxa (Euryarchaeota and Spirochaetes) was biased by the inefficiency of universal primers to hybridize all the templates. Reliability of the results obtained was also influenced by the number of hypervariable regions under investigation. Finally, amplicon sequencing and shotgun DNA underestimated the Methanoculleus genus, probably due to the low 16S rRNA gene copy number encoded in this taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Campanaro
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Treu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Panagiotis G Kougias
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
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Yan YW, Jiang QY, Wang JG, Zhu T, Zou B, Qiu QF, Quan ZX. Microbial Communities and Diversities in Mudflat Sediments Analyzed Using a Modified Metatranscriptomic Method. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:93. [PMID: 29445367 PMCID: PMC5797801 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intertidal mudflats are land–sea interaction areas and play important roles in global nutrient cycles. However, a comprehensive understanding of microbial communities in these mudflats remains elusive. In this study, mudflat sediment samples from the Dongtan wetland of Chongming Island, the largest alluvial island in the world, were collected. Using a modified metatranscriptomic method, the depth-wise distributions of potentially active microbial communities were investigated based on small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) sequences. Multiple environmental factors were also measured and analyzed in conjunction with the prokaryotic composition profiles. A prokaryotic diversity analysis based on the metatranscriptome datasets revealed two or threefold higher diversity indices (associated with potentially active microbes participating in biogeochemical processes in Dongtan) compared with the diversity indices based on 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Bacteria were numerically dominant relative to archaea, and the potentially active prokaryotic taxa were mostly assigned to the bacterial phyla Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes and the classes Delta- and Gamma-proteobacteria, along with the archaeal lineages phylum Bathyarchaeota and the order Thermoplasmatales. The total nitrogen and carbon content of the sediment samples were environmental factors that significantly affected the depth-wise distributions of both bacterial and archaeal communities. Furthermore, the activity of potentially active taxa (including the prevalent order Desulfobacterales and family Anaerolineaceae) appeared to be significantly underestimated by PCR-based methods, notably at the DNA level, and indicates that using normal PCR amplification of DNA limits the study of potential microbial activity. This is the first study of potentially active microbial communities in depth-wise sediments from Dongtan. The improved knowledge of microbial communities in Dongtan provides a foundation for exploring biogeochemical cycling and microbial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Wei Yan
- Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Gong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zou
- Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong-Fen Qiu
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhe-Xue Quan
- Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Complementary Methodologies To Investigate Human Gut Microbiota in Host Health, Working towards Integrative Systems Biology. J Bacteriol 2018; 200:JB.00376-17. [PMID: 28874411 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00376-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1680, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek noted compositional differences in his oral and fecal microbiota, pioneering the study of the diversity of the human microbiome. From Leeuwenhoek's time to successful modern attempts at changing the gut microbial landscape to cure disease, there has been an exponential increase in the recognition of our resident microbes as part of ourselves. Thus, the human host and microbiome have evolved in parallel to configure a balanced system in which microbes survive in homeostasis with our innate and acquired immune systems, unless disease occurs. A growing number of studies have demonstrated a correlation between the presence/absence of microbial taxa and some of their functional molecules (i.e., genes, proteins, and metabolites) with health and disease states. Nevertheless, misleading experimental design on human subjects and the cost and lack of standardized animal models pose challenges to answering the question of whether changes in microbiome composition are cause or consequence of a certain biological state. In this review, we evaluate the state of the art of methodologies that enable the study of the gut microbiome, encouraging a change in broadly used analytic strategies by choosing effector molecules (proteins and metabolites) in combination with coding nucleic acids. We further explore microbial and effector microbial product imbalances that relate to disease and health.
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Yan YW, Zou B, Zhu T, Hozzein WN, Quan ZX. Modified RNA-seq method for microbial community and diversity analysis using rRNA in different types of environmental samples. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186161. [PMID: 29016661 PMCID: PMC5634646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-seq-based SSU (small subunit) rRNA (ribosomal RNA) analysis has provided a better understanding of potentially active microbial community within environments. However, for RNA-seq library construction, high quantities of purified RNA are typically required. We propose a modified RNA-seq method for SSU rRNA-based microbial community analysis that depends on the direct ligation of a 5’ adaptor to RNA before reverse-transcription. The method requires only a low-input quantity of RNA (10–100 ng) and does not require a DNA removal step. The method was initially tested on three mock communities synthesized with enriched SSU rRNA of archaeal, bacterial and fungal isolates at different ratios, and was subsequently used for environmental samples of high or low biomass. For high-biomass salt-marsh sediments, enriched SSU rRNA and total nucleic acid-derived RNA-seq datasets revealed highly consistent community compositions for all of the SSU rRNA sequences, and as much as 46.4%-59.5% of 16S rRNA sequences were suitable for OTU (operational taxonomic unit)-based community and diversity analyses with complete coverage of V1-V2 regions. OTU-based community structures for the two datasets were also highly consistent with those determined by all of the 16S rRNA reads. For low-biomass samples, total nucleic acid-derived RNA-seq datasets were analyzed, and highly active bacterial taxa were also identified by the OTU-based method, notably including members of the previously underestimated genus Nitrospira and phylum Acidobacteria in tap water, members of the phylum Actinobacteria on a shower curtain, and members of the phylum Cyanobacteria on leaf surfaces. More than half of the bacterial 16S rRNA sequences covered the complete region of primer 8F, and non-coverage rates as high as 38.7% were obtained for phylum-unclassified sequences, providing many opportunities to identify novel bacterial taxa. This modified RNA-seq method will provide a better snapshot of diverse microbial communities, most notably by OTU-based analysis, even communities with low-biomass samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Wei Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Zou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wael N. Hozzein
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Zhe-Xue Quan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Microbial biodiversity of meadows under different modes of land use: catabolic and genetic fingerprinting. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:154. [PMID: 28681284 PMCID: PMC5498651 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2318-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The main goal of the study was to find differences in the bacterial community structure resulting from different ways of meadow management in order to get the first insight into microbial biodiversity in meadow samples. The next generation sequencing technique (454-pyrosequencing) was accompanied with the community level physiological profiling (CLPP) method in order to acquire combined knowledge of both genetic and catabolic bacterial fingerprinting of two studied meadows (hayland and pasture). Soil samples (FAO: Mollic Gleysol) were taken in April 2015 from the surface layer (0–20 cm). Significant differences of the bacterial community structure between the two analyzed meadows resulted from different land mode were evidenced by pyrosequencing and CLPP techniques. It was found that Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria dominated in the hayland, whereas Delta- and Betaproteobacteria prevailed in the pasture. Additionally, the hayland displayed lower Firmicutes diversity than the pasture. Predominant bacterial taxa: Acidobacteria, together with Chloroflexi and Bacteroidetes seemed to be insensitive to the mode of land use, because their abundance remained at a similar level in the both studied meadows. The CLPP analysis confirmed much faster degradation of the carbon sources by microorganisms from the hayland rather than from the pasture. Amino acids were the most favoured carbon source groups utilized by microorganisms in contrast to carbohydrates, which were utilized to the lowest extent. The study clearly proved that the consequences of even moderate anthropogenic management are always changes in bacterial community structure and their metabolic activity. Bacterial taxa that are sensitive and resistant on modes of land use were determined.
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Te SH, Tan BF, Thompson JR, Gin KYH. Relationship of Microbiota and Cyanobacterial Secondary Metabolites in Planktothricoides-Dominated Bloom. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:4199-4209. [PMID: 28345890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The identification of phytoplankton species and microbial biodiversity is necessary to assess water ecosystem health and the quality of water resources. We investigated the short-term (2 days) vertical and diel variations in bacterial community structure and microbially derived secondary metabolites during a cyanobacterial bloom that emerged in a highly urbanized tropical reservoir. The waterbody was largely dominated by the cyanobacteria Planktothricoides spp., together with the Synechococcus, Pseudanabaena, Prochlorothrix, and Limnothrix. Spatial differences (i.e., water depth) rather than temporal differences (i.e., day versus night) better-explained the short-term variability in water quality parameters and bacterial community composition. Difference in bacterial structure suggested a resource-driven distribution pattern for the community. We found that the freshwater bacterial community associated with cyanobacterial blooms is largely conserved at the phylum level, with Proteobacteria (β-proteobateria), Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria as the main taxa despite the cyanobacterial species present and geographical (Asia, Europe, Australia, and North America) or climatic distinctions. Through multivariate statistical analyses of the bacterial community, environmental parameters, and secondary metabolite concentrations, we observed positive relationships between the occurrences of cyanobacterial groups and off-flavor compounds (2-methyisoborneol and β-ionone), suggesting a cyanobacterial origin. This study demonstrates the potential of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing as a supporting tool in algal bloom monitoring or water-resource management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Harn Te
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore , 5A Engineering Drive 1, No. 02-01 T-Lab Building, Singapore 117411
| | - Boon Fei Tan
- Centre for Environmental Sensing and Modelling, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre , 1 CREATE Way, #09-03 CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602
| | - Janelle R Thompson
- Centre for Environmental Sensing and Modelling, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre , 1 CREATE Way, #09-03 CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore , 5A Engineering Drive 1, No. 02-01 T-Lab Building, Singapore 117411
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore , 1 Engineering Drive 2, E1A 07-03, Singapore 117576
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