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Hernández Becerra E, Quinchia J, Castro C, Orozco J. Light-Triggered Polymersome-Based Anticancer Therapeutics Delivery. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:836. [PMID: 35269324 PMCID: PMC8912464 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Polymersomes are biomimetic cell membrane-like model structures that are self-assembled stepwise from amphiphilic copolymers. These polymeric (nano)carriers have gained the scientific community's attention due to their biocompatibility, versatility, and higher stability than liposomes. Their tunable properties, such as composition, size, shape, and surface functional groups, extend encapsulation possibilities to either hydrophilic or hydrophobic cargoes (or both) and their site-specific delivery. Besides, polymersomes can disassemble in response to different stimuli, including light, for controlling the "on-demand" release of cargo that may also respond to light as photosensitizers and plasmonic nanostructures. Thus, polymersomes can be spatiotemporally stimulated by light of a wide wavelength range, whose exogenous response may activate light-stimulable moieties, enhance the drug efficacy, decrease side effects, and, thus, be broadly employed in photoinduced therapy. This review describes current light-responsive polymersomes evaluated for anticancer therapy. It includes light-activable moieties' features and polymersomes' composition and release behavior, focusing on recent advances and applications in cancer therapy, current trends, and photosensitive polymersomes' perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Hernández Becerra
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 No. 52-20, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (E.H.B.); (J.Q.)
| | - Jennifer Quinchia
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 No. 52-20, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (E.H.B.); (J.Q.)
| | - Cristina Castro
- Engineering School, Pontificia Bolivariana University, Bloque 11, Cq. 1 No. 70-01, Medellín 050004, Colombia;
| | - Jahir Orozco
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 No. 52-20, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (E.H.B.); (J.Q.)
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2
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Systemic Lectin-Glycan Interaction of Pathogenic Enteric Bacteria in the Gastrointestinal Tract. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031451. [PMID: 35163392 PMCID: PMC8835900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and host cells, such as plants and animals, have carbohydrate chains and lectins that reciprocally recognize one another. In hosts, the defense system is activated upon non-self-pattern recognition of microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns. These are present in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Glycan-based PAMPs are bound to a class of lectins that are widely distributed among eukaryotes. The first step of bacterial infection in humans is the adhesion of the pathogen's lectin-like proteins to the outer membrane surfaces of host cells, which are composed of glycans. Microbes and hosts binding to each other specifically is of critical importance. The adhesion factors used between pathogens and hosts remain unknown; therefore, research is needed to identify these factors to prevent intestinal infection or treat it in its early stages. This review aims to present a vision for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases by identifying the role of the host glycans in the immune response against pathogenic intestinal bacteria through studies on the lectin-glycan interaction.
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3
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Ramsay K, Levy J, Gobbo P, Elvira KS. Programmed assembly of bespoke prototissues on a microfluidic platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:4574-4585. [PMID: 34723291 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00602a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The precise assembly of protocell building blocks into prototissues that are stable in water, capable of sensing the external environment and which display collective behaviours remains a considerable challenge in prototissue engineering. We have designed a microfluidic platform that enables us to build bespoke prototissues from predetermined compositions of two types of protein-polymer protocells. We can accurately control their size, composition and create unique Janus configurations in a way that is not possible with traditional methods. Because we can control the number and type of the protocells that compose the prototissue, we can hence modulate the collective behaviours of this biomaterial. We show control over both the amplitude of thermally induced contractions in the biomaterial and its collective endogenous biochemical reactivity. Our results show that microfluidic technologies enable a new route to the precise and high-throughput fabrication of tissue-like materials with programmable collective properties that can be tuned through careful assembly of protocell building blocks of different types. We anticipate that our bespoke prototissues will be a starting point for the development of more sophisticated artificial tissues for use in medicine, soft robotics, and environmentally beneficial bioreactor technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Ramsay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Jae Levy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.
| | | | - Katherine S Elvira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
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4
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Zhang X, Huang Q, Wang F, Sun H, Xiao J, Cornel EJ, Zhu Y, Du J. Giant Polymer Vesicles with a Latticelike Membrane. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1015-1022. [PMID: 35549122 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical self-assembly offers great possibilities to mimic biological systems with finely arranged complex structures. Herein, we demonstrate the preparation and formation mechanism of an unusual giant polymer vesicle with a latticelike membrane (GVLM). This GVLM is formed by fusion-induced particle assembly (FIPA) of small vesicles that are self-assembled from poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly[(2-(tetrahydrofuranyloxy)ethyl methacrylate)-stat-(6-(3,3-diphenylnaphthopyranyloxy)hexyl methacrylate)] [PEO43-b-P(TMA22-stat-NMA4)]. Flexible TMA units with high chain mobility and relatively rigid NMA units with intrinsic π-π stacking form the hydrophobic block. These units act as "antifusion" and "profusion" components, respectively. The latticelike membrane of the final GVLM consists of hundreds of small polymer vesicles that are interconnected via multiple interactions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies show that the diameter of the GVLMs is 800-1000 nm. Overall, we provide a new insight into the judicious preparation of hierarchical nanostructures via chemical synthesis and FIPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Qiutong Huang
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Fangyingkai Wang
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Jiangang Xiao
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Erik Jan Cornel
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Yunqing Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Jianzhong Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
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5
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Zartner L, Muthwill MS, Dinu IA, Schoenenberger CA, Palivan CG. The rise of bio-inspired polymer compartments responding to pathology-related signals. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:6252-6270. [PMID: 32452509 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00475h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Self-organized nano- and microscale polymer compartments such as polymersomes, giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), polyion complex vesicles (PICsomes) and layer-by-layer (LbL) capsules have increasing potential in many sensing applications. Besides modifying the physicochemical properties of the corresponding polymer building blocks, the versatility of these compartments can be markedly expanded by biomolecules that endow the nanomaterials with specific molecular and cellular functions. In this review, we focus on polymer-based compartments that preserve their structure, and highlight the key role they play in the field of medical diagnostics: first, the self-assembling abilities that result in preferred architectures are presented for a broad range of polymers. In the following, we describe different strategies for sensing disease-related signals (pH-change, reductive conditions, and presence of ions or biomolecules) by polymer compartments that exhibit stimuli-responsiveness. In particular, we distinguish between the stimulus-sensitivity contributed by the polymer itself or by additional compounds embedded in the compartments in different sensing systems. We then address necessary properties of sensing polymeric compartments, such as the enhancement of their stability and biocompatibility, or the targeting ability, that open up new perspectives for diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Zartner
- Chemistry Department, University of Basel, Mattenstr. 24a, BPR1096, Basel, Switzerland.
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Abstract
In nature, various specific reactions only occur in spatially controlled environments. Cell compartment and subcompartments act as the support required to preserve the bio-specificity and functionality of the biological content, by affording absolute segregation. Inspired by this natural perfect behavior, bottom-up approaches are on focus to develop artificial cell-like structures, crucial for understanding relevant bioprocesses and interactions or to produce tailored solutions in the field of therapeutics and diagnostics. In this review, we discuss the benefits of constructing polymer-based single and multicompartments (capsules and giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs)), equipped with biomolecules as to mimic cells. In this respect, we outline key examples of how such structures have been designed from scratch, namely, starting from the application-oriented selection and synthesis of the amphiphilic block copolymer. We then present the state-of-the-art techniques for assembling the supramolecular structure while permitting the encapsulation of active compounds and the incorporation of peptides/membrane proteins, essential to support in situ reactions, e.g., to replicate intracellular signaling cascades. Finally, we briefly discuss important features that these compartments offer and how they could be applied to engineer the next generation of microreactors, therapeutic solutions, and cell models.
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Kunzler C, Handschuh‐Wang S, Roesener M, Schönherr H. Giant Biodegradable Poly(ethylene glycol)‐
block
‐Poly(ε‐caprolactone) Polymersomes by Electroformation. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000014. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cleiton Kunzler
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cµ)Department of Chemistry and BiologyUniversity of Siegen Adolf‐Reichwein‐Str. 2 Siegen 57076 Germany
- Macromolecular ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry and BiologyUniversity of Siegen Adolf‐Reichwein‐Str. 2 Siegen 57076 Germany
| | - Stephan Handschuh‐Wang
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cµ)Department of Chemistry and BiologyUniversity of Siegen Adolf‐Reichwein‐Str. 2 Siegen 57076 Germany
| | - Manuel Roesener
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cµ)Department of Chemistry and BiologyUniversity of Siegen Adolf‐Reichwein‐Str. 2 Siegen 57076 Germany
| | - Holger Schönherr
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cµ)Department of Chemistry and BiologyUniversity of Siegen Adolf‐Reichwein‐Str. 2 Siegen 57076 Germany
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Miele Y, Mingotaud AF, Caruso E, Malacarne MC, Izzo L, Lonetti B, Rossi F. Hybrid giant lipid vesicles incorporating a PMMA-based copolymer. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129611. [PMID: 32272202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the formation of copolymer-lipid hybrid self-assemblies, which allow combining and improving the main features of pure lipid-based and copolymer-based systems known for their potential applications in the biomedical field. As the most common method used to obtain giant vesicles is electroformation, most systems so far used low Tg polymers for their flexibility at room temperature. METHODS Copolymers used in the hybrid vesicles have been synthesized by a modified version of the ATRP, namely the Activators ReGenerated by Electron Transfer ATRP and characterized by NMR and DSC. Giant hybrid vesicles have been obtained using electroformation and droplet transfer method. Confocal fluorescence microscopy was used to image the vesicles. RESULTS Electroformation enabled to obtain hybrid vesicles in a narrow range of compositions (15 mol% was the maximum copolymer content). This range could be extended by the use of a droplet transfer method, which enabled obtaining hybrid vesicles incorporating a methacrylate-based polymer in a wide range of compositions. Proof of the hybrid composition was obtained by fluorescence microscopy using labeled lipids and copolymers. CONCLUSIONS This work describes for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the formation of giant hybrid polymer/lipid vesicles formed with such a content of a polymethylmethacrylate copolymer, the glass temperature of which is above room temperature. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This work shows that polymer structures, more complex than the ones mostly employed, can be possibly included in giant hybrid vesicles by using the droplet transfer method. This will give easier access to functionalized and stimuli-responsive giant vesicles and to systems exhibiting a tunable permeability, these systems being relevant for biological and technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia Miele
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Anne-Françoise Mingotaud
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 Rte de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Enrico Caruso
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via J. H. Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Miryam C Malacarne
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via J. H. Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Lorella Izzo
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via J. H. Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Barbara Lonetti
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, 118 Rte de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
| | - Federico Rossi
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Physical Sciences - DEEP Sciences - Pian dei Mantellini 44, 53100 Siena, Italy
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9
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Catalytic processing in ruthenium-based polyoxometalate coacervate protocells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:41. [PMID: 31900396 PMCID: PMC6941959 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of programmable microscale materials with cell-like functions, dynamics and collective behaviour is an important milestone in systems chemistry, soft matter bioengineering and synthetic protobiology. Here, polymer/nucleotide coacervate micro-droplets are reconfigured into membrane-bounded polyoxometalate coacervate vesicles (PCVs) in the presence of a bio-inspired Ru-based polyoxometalate catalyst to produce synzyme protocells (Ru4PCVs) with catalase-like activity. We exploit the synthetic protocells for the implementation of multi-compartmentalized cell-like models capable of collective synzyme-mediated buoyancy, parallel catalytic processing in individual horseradish peroxidase-containing Ru4PCVs, and chemical signalling in distributed or encapsulated multi-catalytic protocell communities. Our results highlight a new type of catalytic micro-compartment with multi-functional activity and provide a step towards the development of protocell reaction networks. The development of microscale materials with cell-like functions and collective behaviors is an important milestone in bottom-up synthetic biology. Here the authors employ a bio-inspired inorganic synzyme to construct a micro-compartment with multi-functional activity providing a step towards the development of protocell reaction networks.
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10
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Meyer CE, Abram SL, Craciun I, Palivan CG. Biomolecule–polymer hybrid compartments: combining the best of both worlds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:11197-11218. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00693a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in bio/polymer hybrid compartments in the quest to obtain artificial cells, biosensors and catalytic compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ioana Craciun
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Basel
- Basel
- Switzerland
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11
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Purcell SC, Godula K. Synthetic glycoscapes: addressing the structural and functional complexity of the glycocalyx. Interface Focus 2019; 9:20180080. [PMID: 30842878 PMCID: PMC6388016 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2018.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycocalyx is an information-dense network of biomacromolecules extensively modified through glycosylation that populates the cellular boundary. The glycocalyx regulates biological events ranging from cellular protection and adhesion to signalling and differentiation. Owing to the characteristically weak interactions between individual glycans and their protein binding partners, multivalency of glycan presentation is required for the high-avidity interactions needed to trigger cellular responses. As such, biological recognition at the glycocalyx interface is determined by both the structure of glycans that are present as well as their spatial distribution. While genetic and biochemical approaches have proven powerful in controlling glycan composition, modulating the three-dimensional complexity of the cell-surface 'glycoscape' at the sub-micrometre scale remains a considerable challenge in the field. This focused review highlights recent advances in glycocalyx engineering using synthetic nanoscale glycomaterials, which allows for controlled de novo assembly of complexity with precision not accessible with traditional molecular biology tools. We discuss several exciting new studies in the field that demonstrate the power of precision glycocalyx editing in living cells in revealing and controlling the complex mechanisms by which the glycocalyx regulates biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamil Godula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
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12
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Caire da Silva L, Rideau E, Landfester K. Self‐Assembly of Giant Polymer Vesicles by Light‐Assisted Solid Hydration. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900027. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emeline Rideau
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55126 Mainz Germany
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13
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Rideau E, Wurm FR, Landfester K. Self‐Assembly of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles by Film Hydration Methodologies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:e1800324. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Rideau
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
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14
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Martin L, Gurnani P, Zhang J, Hartlieb M, Cameron NR, Eissa AM, Perrier S. Polydimethylsiloxane-Based Giant Glycosylated Polymersomes with Tunable Bacterial Affinity. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:1297-1307. [PMID: 30694656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic cell mimic in the form of giant glycosylated polymersomes (GGPs) comprised of a novel amphiphilic diblock copolymer is reported. A synthetic approach involving a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) macro-chain transfer agent (macroCTA) and postpolymerization modification was used to marry the hydrophobic and highly flexible properties of PDMS with the biological activity of glycopolymers. 2-Bromoethyl acrylate (BEA) was first polymerized using a PDMS macroCTA ( Mn,th ≈ 4900 g·mol-1, Đ = 1.1) to prepare well-defined PDMS- b-pBEA diblock copolymers ( Đ = 1.1) that were then substituted with 1-thio-β-d-glucose or 1-thio-β-d-galactose under facile conditions to yield PDMS- b-glycopolymers. Compositions possessing ≈25% of the glycopolymer block (by mass) were able to adopt a vesicular morphology in aqueous solution (≈210 nm in diameter), as indicated by TEM and light scattering techniques. The resulting carbohydrate-decorated polymersomes exhibited selective binding with the lectin concanavalin A (Con A), as demonstrated by turbidimetric experiments. Self-assembly of the same diblock copolymer compositions using an electroformation method yielded GGPs (ranging from 2-20 μm in diameter). Interaction of these cell-sized polymersomes with fimH positive E. coli was then studied via confocal microscopy. The glucose-decorated GGPs were found to cluster upon addition of the bacteria, while galactose-decorated GGPs could successfully interact with (and possibly immobilize) the bacteria without the onset of clustering. This demonstrates an opportunity to modulate the response of these synthetic cell mimics (protocells) toward biological entities through exploitation of selective ligand-receptor interactions, which may be readily tuned through a considered choice of carbohydrate functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Neil R Cameron
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Monash University , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia
| | - Ahmed M Eissa
- Department of Polymers, Chemical Industries Research Division , National Research Centre (NRC) , El-Bohouth Street , Dokki , 12622 , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , Clayton , VIC 3052 , Australia
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15
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Ulrich S, Sadeghpour A, Rossi RM, Bruns N, Boesel LF. Wide Range of Functionalized Poly(N-alkyl acrylamide)-Based Amphiphilic Polymer Conetworks via Active Ester Precursors. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ulrich
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Nico Bruns
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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16
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Leong J, Teo JY, Aakalu VK, Yang YY, Kong H. Engineering Polymersomes for Diagnostics and Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701276. [PMID: 29334183 PMCID: PMC6377267 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Engineered polymer vesicles, termed as polymersomes, confer a flexibility to control their structure, properties, and functionality. Self-assembly of amphiphilic copolymers leads to vesicles consisting of a hydrophobic bilayer membrane and hydrophilic core, each of which is loaded with a wide array of small and large molecules of interests. As such, polymersomes are increasingly being studied as carriers of imaging probes and therapeutic drugs. Effective delivery of polymersomes necessitates careful design of polymersomes. Therefore, this review article discusses the design strategies of polymersomes developed for enhanced transport and efficacy of imaging probes and therapeutic drugs. In particular, the article focuses on overviewing technologies to regulate the size, structure, shape, surface activity, and stimuli- responsiveness of polymersomes and discussing the extent to which these properties and structure of polymersomes influence the efficacy of cargo molecules. Taken together with future considerations, this article will serve to improve the controllability of polymersome functions and accelerate the use of polymersomes in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Leong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA, Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Jye Yng Teo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA, Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Vinay K. Aakalu
- Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA,
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17
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Li A, Pazzi J, Xu M, Subramaniam AB. Cellulose Abetted Assembly and Temporally Decoupled Loading of Cargo into Vesicles Synthesized from Functionally Diverse Lamellar Phase Forming Amphiphiles. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:849-859. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Joseph Pazzi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Melissa Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Anand Bala Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, California 95343, United States
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Binfield JG, Brendel JC, Cameron NR, Eissa AM, Perrier S. Imaging Proton Transport in Giant Vesicles through Cyclic Peptide-Polymer Conjugate Nanotube Transmembrane Ion Channels. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1700831. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason G. Binfield
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Warwick; Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - Neil R. Cameron
- School of Engineering; The University of Warwick; Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Monash University; 22 Alliance Lane Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia
| | - Ahmed M. Eissa
- School of Engineering; The University of Warwick; Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Monash University; 22 Alliance Lane Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia
- Department of Polymers; Chemical Industries Research Division; National Research Centre (NRC); 33 El-Bohouth Street Dokki, Giza 12622 Cairo Egypt
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Warwick; Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Warwick Medical School; The University of Warwick; Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Parkville 3052 Victoria Australia
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19
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Rideau E, Wurm FR, Landfester K. Giant polymersomes from non-assisted film hydration of phosphate-based block copolymers. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00992a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polybutadiene-block-poly(ethyl ethylene phosphate) can reproducibly self-assemble in large number into giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) by non-assisted film hydration, representing a stepping stone for better liposomes – substitutes towards the generation of artificial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Rideau
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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20
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Rideau E, Dimova R, Schwille P, Wurm FR, Landfester K. Liposomes and polymersomes: a comparative review towards cell mimicking. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:8572-8610. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00162f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 521] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Minimal cells: we compare and contrast liposomes and polymersomes for a bettera priorichoice and design of vesicles and try to understand the advantages and shortcomings associated with using one or the other in many different aspects (properties, synthesis, self-assembly, applications).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Rideau
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces
- Wissenschaftspark Potsdam-Golm
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Petra Schwille
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry
- 82152 Martinsried
- Germany
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21
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Li H, Jin Y, Fan B, Lai S, Sun X, Qi R. Aqueous Self-Assembly of Y-Shaped Amphiphilic Block Copolymers into Giant Vesicles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [PMID: 28166373 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The preparation and aqueous self-assembly of newly Y-shaped amphiphilic block polyurethane (PUG) copolymers are reported here. These amphiphilic copolymers, designed to have two hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) tails and one hydrophobic alkyl tail via a two-step coupling reaction, can self-assemble into giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) (diameter ≥ 1000 nm) with a direct dissolution method in aqueous solution, depending on their Y-shaped structures and initial concentrations. More interesting, the copolymers can self-assemble into various distinct nano-/microstructures, such as spherical micelles, small vesicles, and GUVs, with the increase of their concentrations. The traditional preparation methods of GUVs generally need conventional amphiphilic molecules and additional complicated conditions, such as alternating electrical field, buffer solution, or organic solvent. Therefore, the self-assembly of Y-shaped PUGs with a direct dissolution method in aqueous solution demonstrated in this study supplies a new clue to fabricate GUVs based on the geometric design of amphiphilic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanping Li
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610065, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610065, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Baozhu Fan
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Center of Polymer Science and Technology, Chengdu, 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuangquan Lai
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610065, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiaopeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610065, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Rui Qi
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Center of Polymer Science and Technology, Chengdu, 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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