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Alugupalli KR. A TLR4 ligand-based adjuvant for promoting the immunogenicity of typhoid subunit vaccines. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1383476. [PMID: 38799439 PMCID: PMC11116679 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1383476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
None of the typhoid Vi Polysaccharide (ViPS) subunit vaccines incorporate adjuvants, and the immunogenicity of ViPS vaccines (e.g. Typbar TCV® and Typhim Vi®) is in part due to associated TLR4 ligands such as endotoxin present in these vaccines. Since endotoxin content in vaccines is variable and kept very low due to inherent toxicity, it was hypothesized that incorporating a defined amount of a non-toxic TLR4-ligand such as monophosphoryl lipid A in ViPS vaccines would improve their immunogenicity. To test this hypothesis, a monophosphoryl lipid A-based adjuvant formulation named Turbo was developed. Admixing Turbo with Typbar TCV® (ViPS-conjugated to tetanus toxoid) increased the levels of anti-ViPS IgM, IgG1, IgG2b, IgG2a/c, and IgG3 in inbred and outbred mice. In infant mice, a single immunization with Turbo adjuvanted Typbar TCV® resulted in a significantly increased and durable IgG response and improved the control of bacterial burden compared to mice immunized without Turbo. Similarly, when adjuvanted with Turbo, the antibody response and control of bacteremia were also improved in mice immunized with Typhim Vi®, an unconjugated vaccine. The immunogenicity of unconjugated ViPS is inefficient in young mice and is lost in adult mice when immunostimulatory ligands in ViPS are removed. Nevertheless, when adjuvanted with Turbo, poorly immunogenic ViPS induced a robust IgG response in young and adult mice, and this was observed even under antigen-limiting conditions. These data suggest that incorporation of Turbo as an adjuvant will make typhoid vaccines more immunogenic regardless of their intrinsic immunogenicity or conjugation status and maximize the efficacy across all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore R. Alugupalli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- TurboVax Inc, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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2
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Kacanski N, Kolarovic J, Kostic T, Marjanovic I, Janic D, Pavlovic S, Karan-Djurasevic T. Presence of leukemic clone-specific immunoglobulin heavy chain rearrangements in neonatal blood spots of children with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Int J Lab Hematol 2024; 46:303-311. [PMID: 37929321 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.14200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) can be traced back to birth using leukemic clone-specific immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) rearrangements, implying prenatal origin of this disease. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed neonatal blood spots (Guthrie cards) of 24 patients with childhood BCP-ALL aged 1-9.6 years (median 3.1 years) for the presence of clonotypic IGH rearrangements identified in diagnostic bone marrow samples. Based on the sequences of IGH rearrangements, 2 patient-specific primers were designed for each patient and used in semi-nested polymerase chain reaction for the detection of preleukemic clones at birth. RESULTS Clonotypic IGH rearrangements were detected in neonatal blood spots of 54.2% of patients (13/24). In two cases with double IGH rearrangements detected at diagnosis, only one rearrangement was present at birth, while in the third case both leukemic rearrangements were detected in neonatal blood. Guthrie card-positive findings were significantly more frequent in children ≤5 years of age than in older children (p = 0.011). Regarding patients' characteristics at birth and at diagnosis, Guthrie card-positivity was not associated with sex, birth weight and mother's age, as well as with white blood cell count, percentage of bone marrow blasts, immunophenotype and the presence of ETV6/RUNX1 and TCF3/PBX1 fusion genes at diagnosis. CONCLUSION Our study confirms that a large proportion of childhood BCP-ALL originates in utero, regardless of the molecular subtype defined by chromosomal aberrations. The observed trend toward younger age at diagnosis in Guthrie card-positive versus Guthrie card-negative patients implies that the age at diagnosis depends on the presence of preleukemic clone at birth, as well as on the timing of postnatal transforming genetic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Kacanski
- Institute for Child and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jovanka Kolarovic
- Institute for Child and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Kostic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irena Marjanovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Janic
- Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Pavlovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Teodora Karan-Djurasevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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3
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Alugupalli KR. Monophosphoryl Lipid A-based Adjuvant to Promote the Immunogenicity of Multivalent Meningococcal Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccines. Immunohorizons 2024; 8:317-325. [PMID: 38625118 PMCID: PMC11066721 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Activation of the adaptive immune system requires the engagement of costimulatory pathways in addition to B and T cell Ag receptor signaling, and adjuvants play a central role in this process. Many Gram-negative bacterial polysaccharide vaccines, including the tetravalent meningococcal conjugate vaccines (MCV4) and typhoid Vi polysaccharide vaccines, do not incorporate adjuvants. The immunogenicity of typhoid vaccines is due to the presence of associated TLR4 ligands in these vaccines. Because the immunogenicity of MCV4 is poor and requires boosters, I hypothesized that TLR4 ligands are absent in MCV4 and that incorporation of a TLR4 ligand-based adjuvant would improve their immunogenicity. Consistent with this hypothesis, two Food and Drug Administration-approved MCV4 vaccines, MENVEO and MenQuadfi, lack TLR4 ligands. Admixing monophosphoryl lipid A, a TLR4 ligand-based adjuvant formulation named "Turbo" with MCV4 induced significantly improved IgM and IgG responses to all four meningococcal serogroup polysaccharides in adult and aged mice after a single immunization. Furthermore, in infant mice, a single booster was sufficient to promote a robust IgG response and 100% seroconversion when MCV4 was adjuvanted with Turbo. Turbo upregulated the expression of the costimulatory molecules CD40 and CD86 on B cells, and Turbo-driven adjuvanticity is lost in mice deficient in CD40 and CD86. These data suggest that Turbo induces the required costimulatory molecules for its adjuvant activity and that incorporation of Turbo could make bacterial polysaccharide vaccines more immunogenic, minimize booster requirements, and be cost-effective, particularly for those individuals in low- and middle-income and disease-endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore R. Alugupalli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; and TurboVax Inc., Philadelphia, PA
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4
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Ota M, Nakano M, Nagafuchi Y, Kobayashi S, Hatano H, Yoshida R, Akutsu Y, Itamiya T, Ban N, Tsuchida Y, Shoda H, Yamamoto K, Ishigaki K, Okamura T, Fujio K. Multimodal repertoire analysis unveils B cell biology in immune-mediated diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:1455-1463. [PMID: 37468219 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-224421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the involvement of B cells in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases (IMDs), biological mechanisms underlying their function are scarcely understood. To overcome this gap, here we constructed and investigated a large-scale repertoire catalogue of five B cell subsets of patients with IMDs. METHODS We mapped B cell receptor regions from RNA sequencing data of sorted B cell subsets. Our dataset consisted of 595 donors under IMDs and health. We characterised the repertoire features from various aspects, including their association with immune cell transcriptomes and clinical features and their response to belimumab treatment. RESULTS Heavy-chain complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR-H3) length among naïve B cells was shortened among autoimmune diseases. Strong negative correlation between interferon signature strength and CDR-H3 length was observed in naïve B cells and suggested the role for interferon in premature B cell development. VDJ gene usage was skewed especially in plasmablasts and unswitched-memory B cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We developed a scoring system to quantify this skewing, and it positively correlated with peripheral helper T cell transcriptomic signatures and negatively correlated with the amount of somatic hyper mutations in plasmablasts, suggesting the association of extrafollicular pathway. Further, this skewing led to high usage of IGHV4-34 gene with 9G4 idiotypes in unswitched-memory B cells, which showed a prominent positive correlation with disease activity in SLE. Gene usage skewing in unswitched-memory B cells was ameliorated after belimumab treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our multimodal repertoire analysis enabled us the system-level understanding of B cell abnormality in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mineto Ota
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- Department of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakano
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nagafuchi
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- Department of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Satomi Kobayashi
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hatano
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- Laboratory for Human Immunogenetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryochi Yoshida
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Yuko Akutsu
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Takahiro Itamiya
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- Department of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ban
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yumi Tsuchida
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Shoda
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ishigaki
- Laboratory for Human Immunogenetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Okamura
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- Department of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
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5
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Kaiser FMP, Janowska I, Menafra R, de Gier M, Korzhenevich J, Pico-Knijnenburg I, Khatri I, Schulz A, Kuijpers TW, Lankester AC, Konstantinidis L, Erlacher M, Kloet S, van Schouwenburg PA, Rizzi M, van der Burg M. IL-7 receptor signaling drives human B-cell progenitor differentiation and expansion. Blood 2023; 142:1113-1130. [PMID: 37369082 PMCID: PMC10644098 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023019721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although absence of interleukin-7 (IL-7) signaling completely abrogates T and B lymphopoiesis in mice, patients with severe combined immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the IL-7 receptor α chain (IL-7Rα) still generate peripheral blood B cells. Consequently, human B lymphopoiesis has been thought to be independent of IL-7 signaling. Using flow cytometric analysis and single-cell RNA sequencing of bone marrow samples from healthy controls and patients who are IL-7Rα deficient, in combination with in vitro modeling of human B-cell differentiation, we demonstrate that IL-7R signaling plays a crucial role in human B lymphopoiesis. IL-7 drives proliferation and expansion of early B-cell progenitors but not of pre-BII large cells and has a limited role in the prevention of cell death. Furthermore, IL-7 guides cell fate decisions by enhancing the expression of BACH2, EBF1, and PAX5, which jointly orchestrate the specification and commitment of early B-cell progenitors. In line with this observation, early B-cell progenitors of patients with IL-7Rα deficiency still expressed myeloid-specific genes. Collectively, our results unveil a previously unknown role for IL-7 signaling in promoting the B-lymphoid fate and expanding early human B-cell progenitors while defining important differences between mice and humans. Our results have implications for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation strategies in patients with T- B+ severe combined immunodeficiency and provide insights into the role of IL-7R signaling in leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian M. P. Kaiser
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iga Janowska
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Freiburg University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Melanie de Gier
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jakov Korzhenevich
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingrid Pico-Knijnenburg
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Indu Khatri
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ansgar Schulz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, University Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Taco W. Kuijpers
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan C. Lankester
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas Konstantinidis
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Freiburg University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Erlacher
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susan Kloet
- Leiden Genome Technology Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pauline A. van Schouwenburg
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Rizzi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Freiburg University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mirjam van der Burg
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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6
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Korzhenevich J, Janowska I, van der Burg M, Rizzi M. Human and mouse early B cell development: So similar but so different. Immunol Lett 2023; 261:1-12. [PMID: 37442242 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Early B cell development in the bone marrow ensures the replenishment of the peripheral B cell pool. Immature B cells continuously develop from hematopoietic stem cells, in a process guided by an intricate network of transcription factors as well as chemokine and cytokine signals. Humans and mice possess somewhat similar regulatory mechanisms of B lymphopoiesis. The continuous discovery of monogenetic defects that impact early B cell development in humans substantiates the similarities and differences with B cell development in mice. These differences become relevant when targeted therapeutic approaches are used in patients; therefore, predicting potential immunological adverse events is crucial. In this review, we have provided a phenotypical classification of human and murine early progenitors and B cell stages, based on surface and intracellular protein expression. Further, we have critically compared the role of key transcription factors (Ikaros, E2A, EBF1, PAX5, and Aiolos) and chemo- or cytokine signals (FLT3, c-kit, IL-7R, and CXCR4) during homeostatic and aberrant B lymphopoiesis in both humans and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakov Korzhenevich
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iga Janowska
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Freiburg University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mirjam van der Burg
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333, ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Rizzi
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Freiburg University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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7
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Sun S, Wijanarko K, Liani O, Strumila K, Ng ES, Elefanty AG, Stanley EG. Lymphoid cell development from fetal hematopoietic progenitors and human pluripotent stem cells. Immunol Rev 2023; 315:154-170. [PMID: 36939073 PMCID: PMC10952469 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Lymphoid cells encompass the adaptive immune system, including T and B cells and Natural killer T cells (NKT), and innate immune cells (ILCs), including Natural Killer (NK) cells. During adult life, these lineages are thought to derive from the differentiation of long-term hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) residing in the bone marrow. However, during embryogenesis and fetal development, the ontogeny of lymphoid cells is both complex and multifaceted, with a large body of evidence suggesting that lymphoid lineages arise from progenitor cell populations antedating the emergence of HSCs. Recently, the application of single cell RNA-sequencing technologies and pluripotent stem cell-based developmental models has provided new insights into lymphoid ontogeny during embryogenesis. Indeed, PSC differentiation platforms have enabled de novo generation of lymphoid immune cells independently of HSCs, supporting conclusions drawn from the study of hematopoiesis in vivo. Here, we examine lymphoid development from non-HSC progenitor cells and technological advances in the differentiation of human lymphoid cells from pluripotent stem cells for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Sun
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Kevin Wijanarko
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Oniko Liani
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Kathleen Strumila
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Elizabeth S. Ng
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Andrew G. Elefanty
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Edouard G. Stanley
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
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8
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Geron I, Savino AM, Fishman H, Tal N, Brown J, Turati VA, James C, Sarno J, Hameiri-Grossman M, Lee YN, Rein A, Maniriho H, Birger Y, Zemlyansky A, Muler I, Davis KL, Marcu-Malina V, Mattson N, Parnas O, Wagener R, Fischer U, Barata JT, Jamieson CHM, Müschen M, Chen CW, Borkhardt A, Kirsch IR, Nagler A, Enver T, Izraeli S. An instructive role for Interleukin-7 receptor α in the development of human B-cell precursor leukemia. Nat Commun 2022; 13:659. [PMID: 35115489 PMCID: PMC8814001 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinase signaling fuels growth of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). Yet its role in leukemia initiation is unclear and has not been shown in primary human hematopoietic cells. We previously described activating mutations in interleukin-7 receptor alpha (IL7RA) in poor-prognosis "ph-like" BCP-ALL. Here we show that expression of activated mutant IL7RA in human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells induces a preleukemic state in transplanted immunodeficient NOD/LtSz-scid IL2Rγnull mice, characterized by persistence of self-renewing Pro-B cells with non-productive V(D)J gene rearrangements. Preleukemic CD34+CD10highCD19+ cells evolve into BCP-ALL with spontaneously acquired Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2 A (CDKN2A) deletions, as commonly observed in primary human BCP-ALL. CRISPR mediated gene silencing of CDKN2A in primary human CD34+ cells transduced with activated IL7RA results in robust development of BCP-ALLs in-vivo. Thus, we demonstrate that constitutive activation of IL7RA can initiate preleukemia in primary human hematopoietic progenitors and cooperates with CDKN2A silencing in progression into BCP-ALL.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD34/genetics
- Antigens, CD34/immunology
- Antigens, CD34/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/immunology
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/metabolism
- Gene Expression/immunology
- Humans
- Interleukin-7 Receptor alpha Subunit/genetics
- Interleukin-7 Receptor alpha Subunit/immunology
- Interleukin-7 Receptor alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/immunology
- Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/metabolism
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/immunology
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/metabolism
- RNA-Seq/methods
- Receptors, Cytokine/genetics
- Receptors, Cytokine/immunology
- Receptors, Cytokine/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Single-Cell Analysis/methods
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifat Geron
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center and The Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- The Rina Zaizov Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Division Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Angela Maria Savino
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center and The Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- The Rina Zaizov Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Division Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Hila Fishman
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center and The Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- The Rina Zaizov Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Division Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Noa Tal
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center and The Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - John Brown
- Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Chela James
- Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, UK
| | - Jolanda Sarno
- Department of Pediatrics, Bass Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michal Hameiri-Grossman
- The Rina Zaizov Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Division Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Yu Nee Lee
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center and The Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Pediatric Department and the Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Avigail Rein
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center and The Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- The Rina Zaizov Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Division Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Hillary Maniriho
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center and The Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
- The Rina Zaizov Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Division Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Yehudit Birger
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center and The Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- The Rina Zaizov Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Division Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Anna Zemlyansky
- The Rina Zaizov Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Division Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Inna Muler
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Kara L Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, Bass Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Victoria Marcu-Malina
- Cytogenetic Unit laboratory of Hematology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Nicole Mattson
- Department of Systems Biology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Oren Parnas
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rabea Wagener
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ute Fischer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - João T Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catriona H M Jamieson
- UC San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine and Sanford Stem Cell Clinical Center, Ja Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Markus Müschen
- Department of Systems Biology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Arnon Nagler
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center and The Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Hematology Division BMT and Cord Blood Bank Chaim Sheba Medical Center Tel-Hashomer, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Tariq Enver
- Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, UK
| | - Shai Izraeli
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center and The Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel.
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
- The Rina Zaizov Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Division Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.
- Department of Systems Biology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA, USA.
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9
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Abstract
Adaptive antibody responses provide a crucial means of host defense against viral infections by mediating the neutralization and killing infectious pathogens. At the forefront of humoral defense against viruses lie a subset of innate-like serum antibodies known as natural antibodies (NAbs). NAbs serve multifaceted functions in host defense and play an essential role in early immune responses against viruses. However, there remain many unanswered questions with regard to both the breadth of viral antigens recognized by NAbs, and how B cell ontology and individual antigenic histories intersect to control the development and function of antiviral human NAbs. In the following article we briefly review the current understanding of the functions and source of NAbs in the immune repertoire, their role during antiviral immune responses, the factors influencing the maturation of the NAb repertoire, and finally, the gaps and future research needed to advance our understanding of innate-like B cell biology for the purpose of harnessing NAbs for host defense against viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stewart New
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - R Glenn King
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - John F Kearney
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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10
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Raybuck AL, Lee K, Cho SH, Li J, Thomas JW, Boothby MR. mTORC1 as a cell-intrinsic rheostat that shapes development, preimmune repertoire, and function of B lymphocytes. FASEB J 2019; 33:13202-13215. [PMID: 31533002 PMCID: PMC6894075 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900069r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ample evidence indicates that nutrient concentrations in extracellular milieux affect signaling mediated by environmental sensor proteins. For instance, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is reduced during protein malnutrition and is known to be modulated by concentrations of several amino acids when in a multiprotein signaling complex that contains regulatory-associated protein of mTOR. We hypothesized that a partial decrease in mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) activity intrinsic to B-lineage cells would perturb lymphocyte development or function, or both. We show that a cell-intrinsic decrease in mTORC1 activity impacted developmental progression, antigen receptor repertoire, and function along the B lineage. Thus, preimmune repertoires of B-lineage cells were altered in the marrow and periphery in a genetic model of regulatory-associated protein of mTOR haplo-insufficiency. An additional role for mTORC1 was revealed when a B-cell antigen receptor transgene was found to circumvent the abnormal B-cell development: haploinsufficient B cells were profoundly impaired in responses to antigen in vivo. Collectively, our findings indicate that mTORC1 serves as a rheostat that shapes differentiation along the B lineage, the preimmune repertoire, and antigen-driven selection of mature B cells. The findings also reveal a range in the impact of this nutrient sensor on activity-response relationships for distinct endpoints.-Raybuck, A. L., Lee, K., Cho, S. H., Li, J., Thomas, J. W., Boothby, M. R. mTORC1 as a cell-intrinsic rheostat that shapes development, preimmune repertoire, and function of B lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel L. Raybuck
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Keunwook Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (VI4), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jingxin Li
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - James W. Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mark R. Boothby
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (VI4), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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11
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Lev A, Simon AJ, Barel O, Eyal E, Glick-Saar E, Nayshool O, Birk O, Stauber T, Hochberg A, Broides A, Almashanu S, Hendel A, Lee YN, Somech R. Reduced Function and Diversity of T Cell Repertoire and Distinct Clinical Course in Patients With IL7RA Mutation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1672. [PMID: 31379863 PMCID: PMC6650764 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The alpha subunit of IL-7 receptor (IL7R7α) is critical for the differentiation of T cells, specifically for the development and maintenance of γδT cells. Mutations in IL7RA are associated with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID). Infants with IL7RA deficiency can be identified through newborn screening program. We aimed at defining the immunological and genetic parameters that are directly affected by the IL7RA mutation on the immune system of five unrelated patients which were identified by our newborn screening program for SCID. The patients were found to have a novel identical homozygote mutation in IL7RA (n.c.120 C>G; p.F40L). Both surface expression of IL7Rα and functionality of IL-7 signaling were impaired in patients compared to controls. Structural modeling demonstrated instability of the protein structure due to the mutation. Lastly the TRG immune repertoire of the patients showed reduced diversity, increased clonality and differential CDR3 characteristics. Interestingly, the patients displayed significant different clinical outcome with two displaying severe clinical picture of immunodeficiency and three had spontaneous recovery. Our data supports that the presented IL7RA mutation affects the IL-7 signaling and shaping of the TRG repertoire, reinforcing the role of IL7RA in the immune system, while non-genetic factors may exist that attribute to the ultimate clinical presentation and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atar Lev
- The National Lab for Diagnosing SCID - The Israeli Newborn Screening Program, Pediatric Department A and the Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Sheba Medical Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel HaShomer, Israel.,The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Amos J Simon
- Sheba Cancer Research Center and Institute of Hematology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ortal Barel
- Sheba Cancer Research Center and Institute of Hematology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Eyal
- Sheba Cancer Research Center and Institute of Hematology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Efrat Glick-Saar
- Sheba Cancer Research Center and Institute of Hematology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Omri Nayshool
- Sheba Cancer Research Center and Institute of Hematology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Ohad Birk
- Soroka Medical Center, Genetics Institute, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Tali Stauber
- The National Lab for Diagnosing SCID - The Israeli Newborn Screening Program, Pediatric Department A and the Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Sheba Medical Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Amit Hochberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Arnon Broides
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroka University Medical Center, Pediatric Immunology Clinic, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Shlomo Almashanu
- The National Center for Newborn Screening, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Ayal Hendel
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Yu Nee Lee
- The National Lab for Diagnosing SCID - The Israeli Newborn Screening Program, Pediatric Department A and the Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Sheba Medical Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel HaShomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Raz Somech
- The National Lab for Diagnosing SCID - The Israeli Newborn Screening Program, Pediatric Department A and the Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Sheba Medical Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel HaShomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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12
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Organoid-Induced Differentiation of Conventional T Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 24:376-389.e8. [PMID: 30661959 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability to generate T cells from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) has the potential to transform autologous T cell immunotherapy by facilitating universal, off-the-shelf cell products. However, differentiation of human PSCs into mature, conventional T cells has been challenging with existing methods. We report that a continuous 3D organoid system induced an orderly sequence of commitment and differentiation from PSC-derived embryonic mesoderm through hematopoietic specification and efficient terminal differentiation to naive CD3+CD8αβ+ and CD3+CD4+ conventional T cells with a diverse T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. Introduction of an MHC class I-restricted TCR in PSCs produced naive, antigen-specific CD8αβ+ T cells that lacked endogenous TCR expression and showed anti-tumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Functional assays and RNA sequencing aligned PSC-derived T cells with primary naive CD8+ T cells. The PSC-artificial thymic organoid (ATO) system presented here is an efficient platform for generating functional, mature T cells from human PSCs.
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13
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Fistonich C, Zehentmeier S, Bednarski JJ, Miao R, Schjerven H, Sleckman BP, Pereira JP. Cell circuits between B cell progenitors and IL-7 + mesenchymal progenitor cells control B cell development. J Exp Med 2018; 215:2586-2599. [PMID: 30158115 PMCID: PMC6170173 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell development is characterized by well-defined transitions. Fistonich et al. demonstrate that two distinct cell circuits formed between proB, preB, and IL-7+ cells regulate the size and quality of B cell progenitors and control B cell development. B cell progenitors require paracrine signals such as interleukin-7 (IL-7) provided by bone marrow stromal cells for proliferation and survival. Yet, how B cells regulate access to these signals in vivo remains unclear. Here we show that proB and IL-7+ cells form a cell circuit wired by IL-7R signaling, which controls CXCR4 and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) expression and restricts proB cell movement due to increased adhesion to IL-7+CXCL12Hi cells. PreBCR signaling breaks this circuit by switching the preB cell behavior into a fast-moving and lower-adhesion state via increased CXCR4 and reduced FAK/α4β1 expression. This behavioral change reduces preB cell exposure to IL-7, thereby attenuating IL-7R signaling in vivo. Remarkably, IL-7 production is downregulated by signals provided by preB cells with unrepaired double-stranded DNA breaks and by preB acute lymphoblastic leukemic cells. Combined, these studies revealed that distinct cell circuits control the quality and homeostasis of B cell progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Fistonich
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Sandra Zehentmeier
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Jeffrey J Bednarski
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Runfeng Miao
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Hilde Schjerven
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Barry P Sleckman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - João P Pereira
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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14
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Dickinson GS, Levenson EA, Walker JA, Kearney JF, Alugupalli KR. IL-7 Enables Antibody Responses to Bacterial Polysaccharides by Promoting B Cell Receptor Diversity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 201:1229-1240. [PMID: 30006375 PMCID: PMC6085875 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharide vaccines such as the Vi polysaccharide (ViPS) of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi induce efficient Ab responses in adults but not in young children. The reasons for this difference are not understood. IL-7 dependency in B cell development increases progressively with age. IL-7Rα-mediated signals are required for the expression of many VH gene segments that are distal to DH-JH in the IgH locus and for the complete diversification of the BCR repertoire. Therefore, we hypothesized that B cells generated in the absence of IL-7 do not recognize a wide range of Ags because of a restricted BCR repertoire. Compared with adult wildtype mice, young wildtype mice and IL-7-deficient adult mice generated a significantly reduced Ab response to ViPS. Additionally, ViPS-binding B cells in adult wildtype mice predominantly used distal VH gene segments. Transgenic expression of either IL-7 or a BCR encoded by a distal VH gene segment permitted young mice to respond efficiently to bacterial polysaccharides. These results indicate that restricted VH gene usage early in life results in a paucity of Ag-specific B cell precursors, thus limiting antipolysaccharide responses.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology
- Antibody Diversity/genetics
- Antibody Diversity/immunology
- Antibody Formation/genetics
- Antibody Formation/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Genes, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain/genetics
- Genes, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/immunology
- Interleukin-7/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Polysaccharides, Bacterial/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Dickinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107; and
| | - Eric A Levenson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107; and
| | - Justin A Walker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107; and
| | - John F Kearney
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Kishore R Alugupalli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107; and
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15
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Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Is Not Required for Antibody Response to Polysaccharide Vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00211-18. [PMID: 29967094 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00211-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell antigen receptor (BCR) diversity increases by several orders of magnitude due to the action of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) during V(D)J recombination. Unlike adults, infants have limited BCR diversity, in part due to reduced expression of TdT. Since human infants and young mice respond poorly to polysaccharide vaccines, such as the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine Pneumovax23 and Vi polysaccharide (ViPS) of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, we tested the contribution of TdT-mediated BCR diversity in response to these vaccines. We found that TdT+/- and TdT-/- mice generated comparable antibody responses to Pneumovax23 and survived Streptococcus pneumoniae challenge. Moreover, passive immunization of B cell-deficient mice with serum from Pneumovax23-immunized TdT+/- or TdT-/- mice conferred protection. TdT+/- and TdT-/- mice generated comparable levels of anti-ViPS antibodies and antibody-dependent, complement-mediated bactericidal activity against S Typhi in vitro To test the protective immunity conferred by ViPS immunization in vivo, TdT+/- and TdT-/- mice were challenged with a chimeric Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain expressing ViPS, since mice are nonpermissive hosts for S Typhi infection. Compared to their unimmunized counterparts, immunized TdT+/- and TdT-/- mice challenged with ViPS-expressing S Typhimurium exhibited a significant reduction in the bacterial burden and liver pathology. These data suggest that the impaired antibody response to the Pneumovax23 and ViPS vaccines in the young is not due to limited TdT-mediated BCR diversification.
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16
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Roy A, Bystry V, Bohn G, Goudevenou K, Reigl T, Papaioannou M, Krejci A, O'Byrne S, Chaidos A, Grioni A, Darzentas N, Roberts IAG, Karadimitris A. High resolution IgH repertoire analysis reveals fetal liver as the likely origin of life-long, innate B lymphopoiesis in humans. Clin Immunol 2017. [PMID: 28645875 PMCID: PMC5678457 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The ontogeny of the natural, public IgM repertoire remains incompletely explored. Here, high-resolution immunogenetic analysis of B cells from (unrelated) fetal, child, and adult samples, shows that although fetal liver (FL) and bone marrow (FBM) IgM repertoires are equally diversified, FL is the main source of IgM natural immunity during the 2nd trimester. Strikingly, 0.25% of all prenatal clonotypes, comprising 18.7% of the expressed repertoire, are shared with the postnatal samples, consistent with persisting fetal IgM + B cells being a source of natural IgM repertoire in adult life. Further, the origins of specific stereotypic IgM + B cell receptors associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, can be traced back to fetal B cell lymphopoiesis, suggesting that persisting fetal B cells can be subject to malignant transformation late in life. Overall, these novel data provide unique insights into the ontogeny of physiological and malignant B lymphopoiesis that spans the human lifetime. Second trimester human fetal liver and fetal bone marrow B-cells have IgM repertoires that are equally diversified Human fetal liver B-cells are the main source of innate, natural IgM responses CLL-associated, stereotypic B cell receptors are detected in fetal IgM repertoire
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Roy
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Bystry
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Georg Bohn
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Katerina Goudevenou
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tomas Reigl
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Papaioannou
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Adam Krejci
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK; RECAMO, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sorcha O'Byrne
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aristeidis Chaidos
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Andrea Grioni
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Brno, Czech Republic; Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo/Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Nikos Darzentas
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Irene A G Roberts
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Brno, Czech Republic; MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford and BRC Blood Theme, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Centre, Oxford, UK.
| | - Anastasios Karadimitris
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
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17
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Rechavi E, Somech R. Survival of the fetus: fetal B and T cell receptor repertoire development. Semin Immunopathol 2017; 39:577-583. [PMID: 28466095 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A mature and diverse T and B cell receptor repertoire is a prerequisite for immunocompetence. In light of its increased susceptibility to infection, the human fetus has long been considered deficient in this regard. However, data accumulated since the 1990s and in earnest in the past couple of years paints a more complicated picture. As we describe in this review, mechanisms responsible for generating a diverse receptor repertoire, such as somatic recombination, class switch recombination, and somatic hypermutation, are all operational to surprising extents in the growing fetus. The composition of the fetal repertoire differs from that of adults, with preferential usage of certain variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) gene segments and a shorter complementarity determining (CDR3) region, primarily due to decreased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) expression. Both T and B cell receptor repertoires are extremely diverse by the end of the second trimester, and in the case of T cells, are capable of responding to an invading pathogen with in utero clonal expansion. Thus, it would appear as though the T and B cell receptor repertoires are not a hindrance towards immunocompetence of the newborn. Our improved understanding of fetal receptor repertoire development is already bearing fruit in the early diagnosis of primary immunodeficiencies (PID) and may help clarify the pathogenesis of congenital infections, recurrent abortions, and autoimmune disorders in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erez Rechavi
- Pediatric Department A and Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, "Edmond and Lily Safra" Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Raz Somech
- Pediatric Department A and Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, "Edmond and Lily Safra" Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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