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Guida CR, Maia JM, Ferreira LFR, Rahdar A, Branco LGS, Soriano RN. Advancements in addressing drug dependence: A review of promising therapeutic strategies and interventions. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 134:111070. [PMID: 38908501 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Substance dependence represents a pervasive global concern within the realm of public health. Presently, it is delineated as a persistent and recurrent neurological disorder stemming from drug-triggered neuroadaptations in the brain's reward circuitry. Despite the availability of various therapeutic modalities, there has been a steady escalation in the mortality rate attributed to drug overdoses. Substantial endeavors have been directed towards the exploration of innovative interventions aimed at mitigating cravings and drug-induced repetitive behaviors. Within this review, we encapsulate the most auspicious contemporary treatment methodologies, accentuating meta-analyses of efficacious pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches: including gabapentin, topiramate, prazosin, physical exercise regimens, and cerebral stimulation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Rodrigues Guida
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG 35032-620, Brazil
| | - Juliana Marino Maia
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG 35032-620, Brazil
| | | | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol 538-98615, Iran
| | - Luiz G S Branco
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-904, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-900, Brazil.
| | - Renato Nery Soriano
- Division of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Basic Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG 35020-360, Brazil.
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Xu J, Zhu Z, Jin Y, Wei C, Wang Y, Li X. Effect of aerobic exercise on brain metabolite profiles in the mouse models of methamphetamine addiction: LC-MS-based metabolomics study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:852. [PMID: 37978352 PMCID: PMC10655403 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) abuse is recognized as a brain disorder, and physical activity has clear benefits for MA use disorders. The specific mechanisms by which physical activity alleviates MA use disorders are currently not fully understood. Based on this, the present study used untargeted metabolomics using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to analyze the metabolic changes induced by MA in the brains of mice by exercise intervention. It was found that after 2 weeks of treadmill training, aerobic exercise modulated MA-induced brain metabolic disorders, in which 129 metabolites existed that were significantly differentiated in response to MA induction, and 32 metabolites were significantly affected by exercise. These differential metabolites were mainly enriched in glycerophospholipid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis and degradation, and renin-angiotensin system pathways. To our knowledge, this study is the first to use LC-MS to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on MA-induced brain metabolic profiling. The findings of this study provide new insights into exercise therapy using MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Xu
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhicheng Zhu
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yu Jin
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Changling Wei
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Xue Li
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
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3
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Pang L, Wang Y. Overview of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in methamphetamine abuse. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114478. [PMID: 37002574 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is one of the psychostimulants most widely abused in the world. METH abuse can lead to severe neurotoxicity. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a natural barrier separating the central nervous system (CNS) from the peripheral blood circulation, which can limit or regulate the exchange of toxic substances, molecules, ions, etc., to maintain the homeostasis of CNS. Long-term or high dose abuse of METH can cause structural or functional abnormalities of the BBB and increase the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discussed the mechanisms of METH-induced BBB dysfunction, summarized the risk factors that could exacerbate METH-induced BBB dysfunction, and introduced some potential therapeutic agents. It would provide an important basis and direction for the prevention and treatment of BBB dysfunction induced by METH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Pang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Liang X, Li X, Jin Y, Wang Y, Wei C, Zhu Z. Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Intestinal Microbiota with Amino Acids and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Methamphetamine-Induced Mice. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030361. [PMID: 36984800 PMCID: PMC10055719 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the changes in intestinal homeostasis and metabolism in mice after methamphetamine (MA) administration and exercise intervention. In this study, male C57BL/B6J mice were selected to establish a model of methamphetamine-induced addiction, and the gut microbiota composition, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and amino acid levels were assessed by 16S rRNA, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. The results showed that 23 dominant microbiota, 12 amino acids, and 1 SCFA were remarkably higher and 9 amino acids and 6 SCFAs were remarkably lower in the exercise model group than in the control group. Among the top 10 markers with opposite trends between the exercise intervention group and model group, the differential microbiomes included Oscillibacter, Alloprevotella, Colidextribacter, Faecalibaculum, Uncultured, Muribaculaceae, and Negativibacillus; amino acids included proline; and SCFAs included isovaleric acid and pentanoic acid. Proline was negatively correlated with Negativibacillus and positively correlated with pentanoic acid. The results suggested that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise may modulate changes in the composition of the gut microbiota and the levels of amino acids and SCFAs induced by MA administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liang
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-135-5014-6822
| | - Yu Jin
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Changling Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Zhicheng Zhu
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Markers of Brain Injury in Methamphetamine-Dependent Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12111521. [PMID: 36358447 PMCID: PMC9688363 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Drug dependence has become a major global public health problem. This study aimed to investigate the effects of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on the blood−brain barrier and neurological damage in methamphetamine (MA)-dependent individuals. Methods: MA-dependent individuals (all males) were recruited and randomly divided into MA exercise group (MAE) and MA control group (MAC) by using random number table method. The MAE group underwent 12 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, and the MAC group underwent conventional detoxification. The Neurofilament light chain (NfL), S100 calcium binding protein b (S100b), and Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE) levels in the blood of MA-dependent individuals were measured before and after the exercise intervention. Results: After the exercise intervention was implemented, the amount of change in NfL in the plasma of the MAE (1.75 ± 1.40) group was significantly different from that of the MAC (0.60 ± 1.21) group (p < 0.01); the amount of change in NSE in the serum of the MAE [−1.51 (−3.99~0.31)] group was significantly different from that of the MAC [0.03 (−1.18~1.16)] group (p < 0.05); and the amount of change in S100b in the serum of the MAE [0.66 (0.40~0.95)] group was not significantly different from that of the MAC (0.60 (0.21~1.04)) group (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that 12 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise treatment significantly promoted the recovery of blood−brain barrier and neurological damage in MA-dependent patients compared with conventional withdrawal.
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Long-term exercise at different intensities can reduce the inflammatory response in the brains of methamphetamine-treated mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 613:201-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Potential Effects of Nrf2 in Exercise Intervention of Neurotoxicity Caused by Methamphetamine Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4445734. [PMID: 35480870 PMCID: PMC9038420 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4445734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine can cause oxidative stress-centered lipid peroxidation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitatory neurotoxicity, and neuroinflammation and ultimately lead to nerve cell apoptosis, abnormal glial cell activation, and dysfunction of blood-brain barrier. Protecting nerve cells from oxidative destroy is a hopeful strategy for treating METH use disorder. Nrf2 is a major transcriptional regulator that activates the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cell-protective gene expression through endogenous pathways that maintains cell REDOX homeostasis and is conducive to the survival of neurons. The Nrf2-mediated endogenous antioxidant pathway can also prevent neurodegenerative effects and functional defects caused by METH oxidative stress. Moderate exercise activates this endogenous antioxidant system, which involves in many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Based on evidence from existing literature, we argue that appropriate exercise can play an endogenous antioxidant regulatory role in the Nrf2 signaling pathway to reduce a number of issues caused by METH-induced oxidative stress. However, more experimental evidence is needed to support this idea. In addition, further exploration is necessary about the different effects of various parameters of exercise intervention (such as exercise mode, time, and intensity) on the Nrf2 signaling pathway intervention. Whether there are synergistic effects between exercise and plant-derived Nrf2 activators is worth further investigation.
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Marrero-Cristobal G, Gelpi-Dominguez U, Morales-Silva R, Alvarado-Torres J, Perez-Torres J, Perez-Perez Y, Sepulveda-Orengo M. Aerobic exercise as a promising nonpharmacological therapy for the treatment of substance use disorders. J Neurosci Res 2021; 100:1602-1642. [PMID: 34850988 PMCID: PMC9156662 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the prevalence and public health impact of substance use disorders (SUDs), effective long-term treatments remain elusive. Aerobic exercise is a promising, nonpharmacological treatment currently under investigation as a strategy for preventing drug relapse. Aerobic exercise could be incorporated into the comprehensive treatment regimens for people with substance abuse disorders. Preclinical studies of SUD with animal models have shown that aerobic exercise diminishes drug-seeking behavior, which leads to relapse, in both male and female rats. Nevertheless, little is known regarding the effects of substance abuse-induced cellular and physiological adaptations believed to be responsible for drug-seeking behavior. Accordingly, the overall goal of this review is to provide a summary and an assessment of findings to date, highlighting evidence of the molecular and neurological effects of exercise on adaptations associated with SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ursula Gelpi-Dominguez
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Roberto Morales-Silva
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - John Alvarado-Torres
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Joshua Perez-Torres
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Yobet Perez-Perez
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Marian Sepulveda-Orengo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
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Jung S, Kim Y, Kim M, Seo M, Kim S, Kim S, Lee S. Exercise Pills for Drug Addiction: Forced Moderate Endurance Exercise Inhibits Methamphetamine-Induced Hyperactivity through the Striatal Glutamatergic Signaling Pathway in Male Sprague Dawley Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158203. [PMID: 34360969 PMCID: PMC8348279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise reduces the extent, duration, and frequency of drug use in drug addicts during the drug initiation phase, as well as during prolonged addiction, withdrawal, and recurrence. However, information about exercise-induced neurobiological changes is limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of forced moderate endurance exercise training on methamphetamine (METH)-induced behavior and the associated neurobiological changes. Male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to the administration of METH (1 mg/kg/day, i.p.) and/or forced moderate endurance exercise (treadmill running, 21 m/min, 60 min/day) for 2 weeks. Over the two weeks, endurance exercise training significantly reduced METH-induced hyperactivity. METH and/or exercise treatment increased striatal dopamine (DA) levels, decreased p(Thr308)-Akt expression, and increased p(Tyr216)-GSK-3β expression. However, the phosphorylation levels of Ser9-GSK-3β were significantly increased in the exercise group. METH administration significantly increased the expression of NMDAr1, CaMKK2, MAPKs, and PP1 in the striatum, and exercise treatment significantly decreased the expression of these molecules. Therefore, it is apparent that endurance exercise inhibited the METH-induced hyperactivity due to the decrease in GSK-3β activation by the regulation of the striatal glutamate signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sooyeun Lee
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-580-6651; Fax: +82-53-580-5164
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Che X, Bai Y, Cai J, Liu Y, Li Y, Yin M, Xu T, Wu C, Yang J. Hippocampal neurogenesis interferes with extinction and reinstatement of methamphetamine-associated reward memory in mice. Neuropharmacology 2021; 196:108717. [PMID: 34273388 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Drugs of abuse, including morphine and cocaine, can reduce hippocampal neurogenesis (HN). Whereas promotion of HN is being increasingly recognized as a promising strategy for treating morphine and cocaine addiction. The present study is focused on exploring the changes of HN during methamphetamine (METH) administration and further clarify if HN is involved in METH-associated reward memory. After successfully establishing the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm to simulate the METH-associated reward memory in C57BL/6 mice, we observed that HN was significantly inhibited during METH (2 mg/kg, i. p.) administration and returned to normal after the extinction of METH CPP, as indicated by the immunostaining of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and doublecortin (DCX) in the hippocampus. To promote/inhibit HN levels, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF), a small tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) agonist and temozolomide (TMZ), an alkylating agent, were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.), respectively. The data showed that either DHF (5 mg/kg, i. p.) or TMZ (25 mg/kg, i. p.) pre-treatment before METH administration could significantly prolong extinction and enhance reinstatement of the reward memory. Notably, DHF treatment after METH administration significantly facilitated extinction and inhibited METH reinstatement, while TMZ treatment resulted in opposite effects. The present study indicated that METH administration could induce a temporal inhibitory effect on HN. More importantly, promotion of HN after the acquisition of METH-associated reward memory, but not inhibition of HN or promotion of HN before the acquisition of reward memory, could facilitate METH extinction and inhibit METH reinstatement, indicating the beneficial effect of HN on METH addiction by erasing the according reward memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Che
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Yijun Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Jialing Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Yueyang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Yuting Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Meixue Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Tianyu Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
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Menglu S, Ruiwen L, Suyong Y, Dong Z. Effects of Tai Chi on the Executive Function and Physical Fitness of Female Methamphetamine Dependents: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:653229. [PMID: 34177646 PMCID: PMC8222617 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.653229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Exercise improves the health and mental status of drug dependents. The way by which Tai Chi (TC) as a special exercise treatment affects executive functions (EFs) of methamphetamine (MA) dependents is yet to be established. This study aimed to explore the effects of TC on the EFs and physical fitness of MA dependents. Methods: A total of 76 female MA dependents were randomly assigned to the exercise and control groups. The exercise group underwent three 60-min sessions of TC training per week for 12 weeks. The control group was trained with conventional exercises including the 9th Guang Bo Ti Cao and square dance. Physical fitness and EF assessments that evaluated inhibitory control (IC, go/no-go task), working memory (3-back task) and cognitive flexibility (switching task) were performed at baseline and at 12 weeks. A repeated-measures ANOVA was applied to analyze the differences of group and time. Results: The exercise group showed decreased response time (RT) with a significant main effect of time on the go/no-go task [F (1, 68) = 9.6, p < 0.05]. The interaction effect between time and group was significant on accuracy [F (1, 61) = 4.73, p < 0.05], and the main effect of time was significant on RT [F (1, 61) = 4.66, p < 0.05] in the 3-back task of the exercise group. Significant changes in BMI [F (1, 68) = 19.57, p < 0.05], vital capacity [F (1, 68) = 6.00, p < 0.05], and systolic blood pressure [F (1, 68) = 6.11, p < 0.05] were observed in the exercise group. Conclusion: These findings showed that 3 months of TC training can improve the IC and maintain the working memory and cognitive flexibility of MA dependents. Other data implied that TC may improve the physical fitness of MA dependents. Clinical Trial Registration: http://www.chictr.org.cn/, ChiCTR1900022091.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Menglu
- Wushu College, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Ruiwen
- Wushu College, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Suyong
- School of Sport Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu Dong
- School of International Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Methamphetamine Enhances HIV-Induced Aberrant Proliferation of Neural Progenitor Cells via the FOXO3-Mediated Mechanism. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5421-5436. [PMID: 33983546 PMCID: PMC8599226 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining an intact pool of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) is crucial for generating new and functionally active neurons. Methamphetamine (METH) can exacerbate the HIV-induced deficit of adult neurogenesis; however, potential mechanisms of this influence are still poorly understood. In the present study, we present evidence that chronic exposure to METH combined with brain infection by EcoHIV results in enhanced proliferation of NPCs in the subventricular zone (SVZ) in mice. This effect was long-lasting as it was preserved ex vivo in NPCs isolated from the exposed mice over several passages in the absence of additional treatments. Increased proliferation in response to METH plus HIV was associated with dysregulation of cyclin B1 and cyclin D. Transcriptomic studies indicated that 27 out of the top 30 differentially expressed genes in response to METH plus EcoHIV were targets of the forkhead box O transcriptional factor (FOXO) and primarily FOXO3. Additional ex vivo studies and in vitro experiments using human NPCs exposed to METH and infected with HIV revealed upregulation of the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis, leading to activation of downstream pAkt and pErk, the pathways that can phosphorylate FOXO3 and force its exports from the nuclei into the cytoplasm. Indeed, nuclear expulsion of FOXO3 was demonstrated both in mice exposed to METH and infected with EcoHIV and in cell cultures of human NPCs. These results provide novel information that exposure to METH combined with HIV infection can induce aberrant proliferation of SVZ-derived NPCs and identifies CXCL12-CXCR4-Akt-1-mediated phosphorylation of FOXO3 as the mechanism responsible for this effect.
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Wang J, Lu C, Zheng L, Zhang J. Peripheral Inflammatory Biomarkers of Methamphetamine Withdrawal Patients Based on the Neuro-Inflammation Hypothesis: The Possible Improvement Effect of Exercise. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:795073. [PMID: 35002809 PMCID: PMC8733583 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.795073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) induced addiction and neuroinflammation has been implicated. Based on the neuroinflammation hypothesis, this study aims to investigate how exercise influences the craving of patients in MA withdrawal, and explore the mechanism of peripheral inflammation. A total of 90 patients in MA withdrawal were recruited. No difference was noted in the number of years of drug use and the frequency of drug use among patients, and the withdrawal time was within 2 months. The subjects were grouped based on the degree of craving induced by the cues: non-craving control group (NCC group), craving control group (CC group), and craving exercise group (CE group). The CE group was subjected to aerobic combined resistance training. Then, the ELISA method was used to detect plasma IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β concentrations; Visual Analog Scale (VAS) measurement of cue-induced cravings under Virtual Reality (VR) exposure (VR-VAS) and the Desires for Drug Questionnaire (DDQ) were used to assess cravings. Consequently, plasma IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, levels, and the VR-VAS and DDQ scores of MA withdrawal patients were significantly reduced after exercise. This study confirmed that 8 weeks of incremental load aerobic combined with resistance training reduces peripheral inflammation and significantly reduces the level of craving for MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunxia Lu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Hunan Judicial Police Vocational College, Changsha, China
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Ramshini E, Sheykhzade M, Dabiri S, Shabani M. Cannabinoid CB1 receptor mediates METH-induced electrophysiological and morphological alterations in cerebellum Purkinje cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:940-951. [PMID: 33249856 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120975448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies on cannabinoid type1 receptor (CB1R) activation on Methamphetamine (METH)-induced neurodegeneration and locomotion impairments in male rats suggest an interaction between CB1Rs and METH. However, the role of these receptors in METH-neurotoxicity has not been fully identified. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the involvement of CB1Rs in these effects. We conducted an electrophysiological study to evaluate functional interactions between METH and CB1Rs using whole-cell patch current clamp recording. Furthermore, we designed the Nissl staining protocol to assess the effect of METH on the basic cerebellar Purkinje cell structure. Our findings revealed that METH significantly increased the action potential half-width, spontaneous interspike intervals, first spike latency, and decreased the rebound action potential and spontaneous firing frequency. Using CB1R agonist and antagonist, our results showed a significant interaction with some of the electrophysiological alterations induced by METH. Further, Nissl staining revealed that the exposure to the combination of METH and SR141716A resulted in the necrotic cell death. Results of the current study raises the possibility that METH consumption profoundly affect the intrinsic membrane properties of cerebellar Purkinje neurons and cannabinoid system manipulations may counteract some of these effects. In summary, our findings provide further insights into the modulatory role of the endocannabinoid system in METH-induced neurologic changes, which can be used in the development of potential therapeutic interventions for METH dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effat Ramshini
- Department of Physiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,158777Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Majid Sheykhzade
- 365660Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shahriar Dabiri
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- 158777Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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15
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Reguilón MD, Ferrer-Pérez C, Ballestín R, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Voluntary wheel running protects against the increase in ethanol consumption induced by social stress in mice. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 212:108004. [PMID: 32408137 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that exposure to social defeat (SD), a model of social stress, produces a long-term increase in the consumption of ethanol, most likely through an increase in the neuroinflammation response. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether exposure to physical activity in the form of voluntary wheel running (VWR) could block the increase in ethanol consumption and the neuroinflammatory response induced by social stress. Mice were exposed to either 4 sessions of repeated social defeat (RSD) or a non-stressful experience. During the whole procedure, half of the mice were exposed to controlled physical activity, being allowed 1 h access to a low-profile running wheel three times a week. Three weeks after the last RSD, animals started the oral self-administration (SA) of ethanol (6% EtOH) procedure. Biological samples were taken 4 h after the first and the fourth RSD, 3 weeks after the last RSD, and after the SA procedure. Brain tissue (striatum) was used to determine protein levels of the chemokines fractalkine (CX3CL1) and SDF-1 (CXCL12). RSD induced an increase in ethanol consumption and caused greater motivation to obtain ethanol. The striatal levels of CX3CL1 and CXCL12 were also increased after the last RSD. VWR was able to reverse the increase in ethanol intake induced by social stress and the neuroinflammatory response. In conclusion, our results suggest that VWR could be a promising tool to prevent and reduce the detrimental effects induced by social stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Reguilón
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad De Psicología, Universitat De Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - C Ferrer-Pérez
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad De Psicología, Universitat De Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - R Ballestín
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad De Psicología, Universitat De Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Miñarro
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad De Psicología, Universitat De Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - M Rodríguez-Arias
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad De Psicología, Universitat De Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
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16
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Shukla M, Vincent B. The multi-faceted impact of methamphetamine on Alzheimer's disease: From a triggering role to a possible therapeutic use. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 60:101062. [PMID: 32304732 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although it has been initially synthesized for therapeutic purposes and currently FDA-approved and prescribed for obesity, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, narcolepsy and depression, methamphetamine became a recreational drug that is nowadays massively manufactured illegally. Because it is a powerful and extremely addictive psychotropic agent, its abuse has turned out to become a major health problem worldwide. Importantly, the numerous effects triggered by this drug induce neurotoxicity in the brain ultimately leading to serious neurological impairments, tissue damage and neuropsychological disturbances that are reminiscent to most of the symptoms observed in Alzheimer's disease and other pathological manifestations in aging brain. In this context, there is a growing number of compelling evidence linking methamphetamine abuse with a higher probability of developing premature Alzheimer's disease and consequent neurodegeneration. This review proposes to establish a broad assessment of the effects that this drug can generate at the cellular and molecular levels in connection with the development of the age-related Alzheimer's disease. Altogether, the objective is to warn against the long-term effects that methamphetamine abuse may convey on young consumers and the increased risk of developing this devastating brain disorder at later stages of their lives, but also to discuss a more recently emerging concept suggesting a possible use of methamphetamine for treating this pathology under proper and strictly controlled conditions.
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17
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Liśkiewicz A, Przybyła M, Wojakowska A, Marczak Ł, Bogus K, Nowacka-Chmielewska M, Liśkiewicz D, Małecki A, Barski J, Lewin-Kowalik J, Toborek M. Physical activity reduces anxiety and regulates brain fatty acid synthesis. Mol Brain 2020; 13:62. [PMID: 32303271 PMCID: PMC7165435 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity impacts brain functions, but the direct mechanisms of this effect are not fully recognized or understood. Among multidimensional changes induced by physical activity, brain fatty acids (FA) appear to play an important role; however, the knowledge in this area is particularly scarce. Here we performed global metabolomics profiling of the hippocampus and the frontal cortex (FC) in a model of voluntary running in mice. Examined brain structures responded differentially to physical activity. Specifically, the markers of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were downregulated in the FC, whereas glycolysis was enhanced in the hippocampus. Physical activity stimulated production of myristic, palmitic and stearic FA; i.e., the primary end products of de novo lipogenesis in the brain, which was accompanied by increased expression of hippocampal fatty acid synthase (FASN), suggesting stimulation of lipid synthesis. The changes in the brain fatty acid profile were associated with reduced anxiety level in the running mice. Overall, the study examines exercise-related metabolic changes in the brain and links them to behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Liśkiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikołowska 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, Katowice, 40-752, Poland.
| | - Marta Przybyła
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikołowska 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland.,Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 4, Katowice, 40-752, Poland
| | - Anna Wojakowska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Marczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bogus
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta Nowacka-Chmielewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikołowska 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland.,Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 4, Katowice, 40-752, Poland
| | - Daniela Liśkiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikołowska 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland.,Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 4, Katowice, 40-752, Poland
| | - Andrzej Małecki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikołowska 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jarosław Barski
- Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 4, Katowice, 40-752, Poland
| | - Joanna Lewin-Kowalik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, Katowice, 40-752, Poland
| | - Michal Toborek
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikołowska 72a, 40-065, Katowice, Poland. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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18
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Leda AR, Bertrand L, Andras IE, El-Hage N, Nair M, Toborek M. Selective Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier by Zika Virus. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2158. [PMID: 31620112 PMCID: PMC6759472 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) selectively regulates the cellular exchange of macromolecules between the circulation and the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we hypothesize that Zika virus (ZIKV) infects the brain via a disrupted BBB and altered expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins, which are structural components of the BBB. To assess this hypothesis, in vitro and in vivo studies were performed using three different strains of ZIKV: Honduras (ZIKV-H), Puerto Rico (ZIKV-PR), and Uganda (ZIKV-U). Primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) were productively infected by all studied ZIKV strains at MOI 0.01, and were analyzed by plaque assay, immunofluorescence for NS1 protein, and qRT-PCR at 2 and 6 days post-infection (dpi). Compared to mock-infected controls, expression level of ZO-1 was significantly upregulated in ZIKV-H-infected BMECs, while occludin and claudin-5 levels were significantly downregulated in BMECs infected by all three studied viral strains. Interestingly, BMEC permeability was not disturbed by ZIKV infection, even in the presence of a very high viral load (MOI 10). All studied ZIKV strains productively infected wild-type C57BL/J mice after intravenous infection with 107 PFU. Viral load was detected in the plasma, spleen, and brain from 1 to 8 dpi. Peak brain infection was observed at 2 dpi; therefore, TJ protein expression was assessed at this time point. Claudin-5 was significantly downregulated in ZIKV-U-infected animals and the BBB integrity was significantly disturbed in ZIKV-H-infected animals. Our results suggest that ZIKV penetrates the brain parenchyma early after infection with concurrent alterations of TJ protein expression and disruption of the BBB permeability in a strain-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rachel Leda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Ibolya Edit Andras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Nazira El-Hage
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Madhavan Nair
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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19
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Liśkiewicz A, Przybyła M, Park M, Liśkiewicz D, Nowacka-Chmielewska M, Małecki A, Barski J, Lewin-Kowalik J, Toborek M. Methamphetamine-associated cognitive decline is attenuated by neutralizing IL-1 signaling. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 80:247-254. [PMID: 30885840 PMCID: PMC7210788 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) abusers are prone to develop a variety of comorbidities, including cognitive disabilities, and the immunological responses have been recognized as an important component involved in the toxicity of this drug. Cytokines are among the key mediators between systemic inflammatory status and tissue responses. One of these, interleukin 1 (IL-1), has been hypothesized to be involved in cognitive functions and also appears to play a pivotal role among inflammatory molecules. In the present study, we demonstrate that exposure of mice to METH markedly increased the protein level of IL-1β in hippocampal tissue. Additionally, METH administration induced a decline in spatial learning as determined by the Morris water maze test. We next evaluated the hypothesis that blocking IL-1β signaling can protect against METH-induced loss of cognitive functioning. The results indicated that METH-induced impaired spatial learning abilities were attenuated by co-administration of mouse IL-1 Trap, a dimeric fusion protein that incorporates the extracellular domains of both of the IL-1 receptor components required for IL-1 signaling (IL-1 receptor type 1 and IL-1 receptor accessory protein), linked to the Fc portion of murine IgG2a. This effect was associated with a decrease in hippocampal IL-1β level. The current study indicates for the first time that the loss of METH-related cognitive decline can be attenuated by neutralizing IL-1 signaling. Our findings suggest a potential new therapeutic pathway for treatment of altered cognitive abilities that occur in METH abusing individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Liśkiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice 40-065, Poland; Department of Physiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland.
| | - Marta Przybyła
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice 40-065, Poland; Department for Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Minseon Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, School of Medicine, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Daniela Liśkiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice 40-065, Poland; Department for Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Marta Nowacka-Chmielewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice 40-065, Poland; Department for Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Andrzej Małecki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice 40-065, Poland
| | - Jarosław Barski
- Department for Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Joanna Lewin-Kowalik
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Michal Toborek
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice 40-065, Poland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, School of Medicine, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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20
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Vecchio LM, Meng Y, Xhima K, Lipsman N, Hamani C, Aubert I. The Neuroprotective Effects of Exercise: Maintaining a Healthy Brain Throughout Aging. Brain Plast 2018; 4:17-52. [PMID: 30564545 PMCID: PMC6296262 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-180069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity plays an essential role in maintaining a healthy body, yet it also provides unique benefits for the vascular and cellular systems that sustain a healthy brain. While the benefit of exercise has been observed in humans of all ages, the availability of preclinical models has permitted systematic investigations into the mechanisms by which exercise supports and protects the brain. Over the past twenty-five years, rodent models have shown that increased physical activity elevates neurotrophic factors in the hippocampal and cortical areas, facilitating neurotransmission throughout the brain. Increased physical activity (such as by the voluntary use of a running wheel or regular, timed sessions on a treadmill) also promotes proliferation, maturation and survival of cells in the dentate gyrus, contributing to the process of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In this way, rodent studies have tremendous value as they demonstrate that an 'active lifestyle' has the capacity to ameliorate a number of age-related changes in the brain, including the decline in adult neurogenesis. Moreover, these studies have shown that greater physical activity may protect the brain health into advanced age through a number of complimentary mechanisms: in addition to upregulating factors in pro-survival neurotrophic pathways and enhancing synaptic plasticity, increased physical activity promotes brain health by supporting the cerebrovasculature, sustaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, increasing glymphatic clearance and proteolytic degradation of amyloid beta species, and regulating microglia activation. Collectively, preclinical studies demonstrate that exercise initiates diverse and powerful neuroprotective pathways that may converge to promote continued brain health into old age. This review will draw on both seminal and current literature that highlights mechanisms by which exercise supports the functioning of the brain, and aids in its protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Vecchio
- Biological Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ying Meng
- Biological Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kristiana Xhima
- Biological Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nir Lipsman
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
- Physical Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, ON, Canada
| | - Clement Hamani
- Biological Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Isabelle Aubert
- Biological Sciences, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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21
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Zhang K, Zhang Q, Jiang H, Du J, Zhou C, Yu S, Hashimoto K, Zhao M. Impact of aerobic exercise on cognitive impairment and oxidative stress markers in methamphetamine-dependent patients. Psychiatry Res 2018; 266:328-333. [PMID: 29588062 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether 12-week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise has beneficial effects on oxidative stress markers in blood and on cognitive functions in patients who have methamphetamine dependence. Serum levels of oxidative stress markers, including total anti-oxidation capability, super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA), were measured at baseline (all participants) and the 12-week follow-up (methamphetamine-dependent patients). Serum levels of CAT and MDA in methamphetamine-dependent patients (n = 68) were higher than those in healthy controls (n = 35) at baseline. Furthermore, the international shopping list (ISL) task scores of methamphetamine-dependent patients were significantly lower than those of the controls, indicating verbal memory deficits in methamphetamine-dependent patients. Although there were no significant interactions for all cognitive function scores, aerobic exercise improved the processing speed in methamphetamine-dependent patients. Of interest, aerobic exercise significantly attenuated a spontaneous increase in serum MDA levels in methamphetamine-dependent patients after 12-weeks of abstinence. In conclusion, this study showed that methamphetamine-dependent patients with verbal learning and memory deficits have higher serum levels of MDA, and that a 12-week aerobic exercise program may have beneficial effects on the processing speed as well as blood lipid peroxidation in methamphetamine-dependent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China; Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Qiaoyang Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Changzhou No. 2 People's hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenglin Zhou
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunying Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Min Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China.
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22
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Erickson MA, Banks WA. Neuroimmune Axes of the Blood-Brain Barriers and Blood-Brain Interfaces: Bases for Physiological Regulation, Disease States, and Pharmacological Interventions. Pharmacol Rev 2018; 70:278-314. [PMID: 29496890 PMCID: PMC5833009 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) barriers predominantly mediate the immune-privileged status of the brain, and are also important regulators of neuroimmune communication. It is increasingly appreciated that communication between the brain and immune system contributes to physiologic processes, adaptive responses, and disease states. In this review, we discuss the highly specialized features of brain barriers that regulate neuroimmune communication in health and disease. In section I, we discuss the concept of immune privilege, provide working definitions of brain barriers, and outline the historical work that contributed to the understanding of CNS barrier functions. In section II, we discuss the unique anatomic, cellular, and molecular characteristics of the vascular blood-brain barrier (BBB), blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and tanycytic barriers that confer their functions as neuroimmune interfaces. In section III, we consider BBB-mediated neuroimmune functions and interactions categorized as five neuroimmune axes: disruption, responses to immune stimuli, uptake and transport of immunoactive substances, immune cell trafficking, and secretions of immunoactive substances. In section IV, we discuss neuroimmune functions of CNS barriers in physiologic and disease states, as well as pharmacological interventions for CNS diseases. Throughout this review, we highlight many recent advances that have contributed to the modern understanding of CNS barriers and their interface functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Erickson
- Geriatric Research and Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington; and Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - William A Banks
- Geriatric Research and Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington; and Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Morais APD, Pita IR, Fontes‐Ribeiro CA, Pereira FC. The neurobiological mechanisms of physical exercise in methamphetamine addiction. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:85-97. [PMID: 29266758 PMCID: PMC6489779 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is the primary drug within amphetamine-type stimulants which are the second most abused group of drugs worldwide. There is no pharmacological treatment addressed specifically to METH addiction, and behavioral therapy is shadowed by poor long-term recovery and relapse. Therefore, novel approaches to manage METH addiction are an urgent need. This review aims to describe the current state of physical exercise use on methamphetamine addiction management. The following searching terms in PubMed were used: ("physical exercise" OR "exercise") AND "methamphetamine." Relevant references from key publications and gray literature were also reviewed to identify additional citations for inclusion. Original investigation regarding physical exercise and methamphetamine addiction (clinical data) or neurobiological mechanisms of physical exercise in animal models of methamphetamine administration (preclinical data) was included. Overall, METH users demonstrated improvements, including better fitness and emotional measures, lower relapse rates, and sustained abstinence when compared to nonexercised individuals. The neurobiological mechanisms of physical exercise in METH users seem to reflect an interplay of several agents, including neurochemicals, oxidative stress, neurogenesis, gliogenesis, and blood-brain barrier as disclosed by preclinical data. Exercise-based interventions alone or as a conjoint therapy may be a useful tool for managing METH addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Pedro Delgado Morais
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/IBILIFaculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Inês Roque Pita
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/IBILIFaculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Carlos Alberto Fontes‐Ribeiro
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/IBILIFaculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- CNC.IBILI—University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Frederico Costa Pereira
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/IBILIFaculty of MedicineUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- CNC.IBILI—University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
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24
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Skowronska M, McDonald M, Velichkovska M, Leda AR, Park M, Toborek M. Methamphetamine increases HIV infectivity in neural progenitor cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:296-311. [PMID: 29158267 PMCID: PMC5766929 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infection and methamphetamine (METH) abuse frequently occur simultaneously and may have synergistic pathological effects. Although HIV-positive/active METH users have been shown to have higher HIV viral loads and experience more severe neurological complications than non-users, the direct impact of METH on HIV infection and its link to the development of neurocognitive alternations are still poorly understood. In the present study, we hypothesized that METH impacts HIV infection of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) by a mechanism encompassing NFκB/SP1-mediated HIV LTR activation. Mouse and human NPCs were infected with EcoHIV (modified HIV virus infectious to mice) and HIV, respectively, in the presence or absence of METH (50 or 100 μm). Pretreatment with METH, but not simultaneous exposure, significantly increased HIV production in both mouse and human NPCs. To determine the mechanisms underlying these effects, cells were transfected with different variants of HIV LTR promoters and then exposed to METH. METH treatment induced transcriptional activity of the HIV LTR promotor, an effect that required both NFκB and SP1 signaling. Pretreatment with METH also decreased neuronal differentiation of HIV-infected NPCs in both in vitro and in vivo settings. Importantly, NPC-derived daughter cells appeared to be latently infected with HIV. This study indicates that METH increases HIV infectivity of NPCs, through the NFκB/SP1-dependent activation of the HIV LTR and with the subsequent alterations of NPC neurogenesis. Such events may underlie METH- exacerbated neurocognitive dysfunction in HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Skowronska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136.
| | - Marisa McDonald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Martina Velichkovska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Ana Rachel Leda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Minseon Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136; Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-001 Katowice, Poland.
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Kuhla A, Rühlmann C, Lindner T, Polei S, Hadlich S, Krause BJ, Vollmar B, Teipel SJ. APPswe/PS1dE9 mice with cortical amyloid pathology show a reduced NAA/Cr ratio without apparent brain atrophy: A MRS and MRI study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 15:581-586. [PMID: 28652970 PMCID: PMC5476467 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic animal models of Aβ pathology provide mechanistic insight into some aspects of Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology related to Aβ accumulation. Quantitative neuroimaging is a possible aid to improve translation of mechanistic findings in transgenic models to human end phenotypes of brain morphology or function. Therefore, we combined MRI-based morphometry, MRS-based NAA-assessment and quantitative histology of neurons and amyloid plaque load in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model to determine the interrelationship between morphological changes, changes in neuron numbers and amyloid plaque load with reductions of NAA levels as marker of neuronal functional viability. The APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse showed an increase of Aβ plaques, loss of neurons and an impairment of NAA/Cr ratio, which however was not accompanied with brain atrophy. As brain atrophy is one main characteristic in human AD, conclusions from murine to human AD pathology should be drawn with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Kuhla
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Claire Rühlmann
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tobias Lindner
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Polei
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Hadlich
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bernd J Krause
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan J Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) - Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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