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Li F, Lin FR, Jen AKY. Current State and Future Perspectives of Printable Organic and Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307161. [PMID: 37828582 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Photovoltaic technology presents a sustainable solution to address the escalating global energy consumption and a reliable strategy for achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. Emerging photovoltaic technologies, especially the printable organic and perovskite solar cells, have attracted extensive attention due to their rapidly transcending power conversion efficiencies and facile processability, providing great potential to revolutionize the global photovoltaic market. To accelerate these technologies to translate from the laboratory scale to the industrial level, it is critical to develop well-defined and scalable protocols to deposit high-quality thin films of photoactive and charge-transporting materials. Herein, the current state of printable organic and perovskite solar cells is summarized and the view regarding the challenges and prospects toward their commercialization is shared. Different printing techniques are first introduced to provide a correlation between material properties and printing mechanisms, and the optimization of ink formulation and film-formation during large-area deposition of different functional layers in devices are then discussed. Engineering perspectives are also discussed to analyze the criteria for module design. Finally, perspectives are provided regarding the future development of these solar cells toward practical commercialization. It is believed that this perspective will provide insight into the development of printable solar cells and other electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhu Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Francis R Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
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Yuan S, Fan Z, Wang G, Chai Z, Wang T, Zhao D, Busnaina AA, Lu X. Fabrication of Flexible and Transparent Metal Mesh Electrodes Using Surface Energy-Directed Assembly Process for Touch Screen Panels and Heaters. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304990. [PMID: 37818769 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) are indispensable components of various optoelectronic devices such as displays, touch screen panels, solar cells, and smart windows. To date, the fabrication processes for metal mesh-based TCEs are either costly or having limited resolution and throughput. Here, a two-step surface energy-directed assembly (SEDA) process to efficiently fabricate high resolution silver meshes is introduced. The two-step SEDA process turns from assembly on a functionalized substrate with hydrophilic mesh patterns into assembly on a functionalized substrate with stripe patterns. During the SEDA process, a three-phase contact line pins on the hydrophilic pattern regions while recedes on the hydrophobic non-pattern regions, ensuring that the assembly process can be achieved with excellent selectivity. The necessity of using the two-step SEDA process rather than a one-step SEDA process is demonstrated by both experimental results and theoretical analysis. Utilizing the two-step SEDA process, silver meshes with a line width down to 2 µm are assembled on both rigid and flexible substrates. The thickness of the silver meshes can be tuned by varying the withdraw speed and the assembly times. The assembled silver meshes exhibit excellent optoelectronic properties (sheet resistance of 1.79 Ω/□, optical transmittance of ≈92%, and a FoM value of 2465) as well as excellent mechanical stability. The applications of the assembled silver meshes in touch screen panels and thermal heaters are demonstrated, implying the potential of using the two-step SEDA process for the fabrication of TCEs for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zebin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhimin Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tongqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Dewen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ahmed A Busnaina
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing (CHN), Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Xinchun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Chen L, Khan A, Dai S, Bermak A, Li W. Metallic Micro-Nano Network-Based Soft Transparent Electrodes: Materials, Processes, and Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302858. [PMID: 37890452 PMCID: PMC10724424 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Soft transparent electrodes (TEs) have received tremendous interest from academia and industry due to the rapid development of lightweight, transparent soft electronics. Metallic micro-nano networks (MMNNs) are a class of promising soft TEs that exhibit excellent optical and electrical properties, including low sheet resistance and high optical transmittance, as well as superior mechanical properties such as softness, robustness, and desirable stability. They are genuinely interesting alternatives to conventional conductive metal oxides, which are expensive to fabricate and have limited flexibility on soft surfaces. This review summarizes state-of-the-art research developments in MMNN-based soft TEs in terms of performance specifications, fabrication methods, and application areas. The review describes the implementation of MMNN-based soft TEs in optoelectronics, bioelectronics, tactile sensors, energy storage devices, and other applications. Finally, it presents a perspective on the technical difficulties and potential future possibilities for MMNN-based TE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Chen
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Hong KongHong Kong00000China
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Arshad Khan
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Hong KongHong Kong00000China
- Division of Information and Computing TechnologyCollege of Science and EngineeringHamad Bin Khalifa UniversityDoha34110Qatar
| | - Shuqin Dai
- Department School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Amine Bermak
- Division of Information and Computing TechnologyCollege of Science and EngineeringHamad Bin Khalifa UniversityDoha34110Qatar
| | - Wen‐Di Li
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Hong KongHong Kong00000China
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Doddapaneni VVK, Lee K, Aysal HE, Paul BK, Pasebani S, Sierros KA, Okwudire CE, Chang CH. A Review on Progress, Challenges, and Prospects of Material Jetting of Copper and Tungsten. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2303. [PMID: 37630889 PMCID: PMC10459285 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) and tungsten (W) possess exceptional electrical and thermal conductivity properties, making them suitable candidates for applications such as interconnects and thermal conductivity enhancements. Solution-based additive manufacturing (SBAM) offers unique advantages, including patterning capabilities, cost-effectiveness, and scalability among the various methods for manufacturing Cu and W-based films and structures. In particular, SBAM material jetting techniques, such as inkjet printing (IJP), direct ink writing (DIW), and aerosol jet printing (AJP), present a promising approach for design freedom, low material wastes, and versatility as either stand-alone printers or integrated with powder bed-based metal additive manufacturing (MAM). Thus, this review summarizes recent advancements in solution-processed Cu and W, focusing on IJP, DIW, and AJP techniques. The discussion encompasses general aspects, current status, challenges, and recent research highlights. Furthermore, this paper addresses integrating material jetting techniques with powder bed-based MAM to fabricate functional alloys and multi-material structures. Finally, the factors influencing large-scale fabrication and potential prospects in this area are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Vinay K. Doddapaneni
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Kijoon Lee
- School of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (K.L.); (B.K.P.); (S.P.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Havva Eda Aysal
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (H.E.A.); (K.A.S.)
| | - Brian K. Paul
- School of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (K.L.); (B.K.P.); (S.P.)
- Advanced Technology and Manufacturing Institute (ATAMI), Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Somayeh Pasebani
- School of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (K.L.); (B.K.P.); (S.P.)
- Advanced Technology and Manufacturing Institute (ATAMI), Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Konstantinos A. Sierros
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (H.E.A.); (K.A.S.)
| | - Chinedum E. Okwudire
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Chih-hung Chang
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
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Chen Y, Liang T, Chen L, Chen Y, Yang BR, Luo Y, Liu GS. Self-assembly, alignment, and patterning of metal nanowires. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:1299-1339. [PMID: 36193823 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00313a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Armed with the merits of one-dimensional nanostructures (flexibility, high aspect ratio, and anisotropy) and metals (high conductivity, plasmonic properties, and catalytic activity), metal nanowires (MNWs) have stood out as a new class of nanomaterials in the last two decades. They are envisaged to expedite significantly and even revolutionize a broad spectrum of applications related to display, sensing, energy, plasmonics, photonics, and catalysis. Compared with disordered MNWs, well-organized MNWs would not only enhance the intrinsic physical and chemical properties, but also create new functions and sophisticated architectures of optoelectronic devices. This paper presents a comprehensive review of assembly strategies of MNWs, including self-assembly for specific structures, alignment for anisotropic constructions, and patterning for precise configurations. The technical processes, underlying mechanisms, performance indicators, and representative applications of these strategies are described and discussed to inspire further innovation in assembly techniques and guide the fabrication of optoelectrical devices. Finally, a perspective on the critical challenges and future opportunities of MNW assembly is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Tianwei Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Key Laboratory of Visible Light Communications of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yaofei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Key Laboratory of Visible Light Communications of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bo-Ru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yunhan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Key Laboratory of Visible Light Communications of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Gui-Shi Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
- Key Laboratory of Visible Light Communications of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Nguyen VH, Papanastasiou DT, Resende J, Bardet L, Sannicolo T, Jiménez C, Muñoz-Rojas D, Nguyen ND, Bellet D. Advances in Flexible Metallic Transparent Electrodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106006. [PMID: 35195360 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transparent electrodes (TEs) are pivotal components in many modern devices such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes, touch screens, wearable electronic devices, smart windows, and transparent heaters. Recently, the high demand for flexibility and low cost in TEs requires a new class of transparent conductive materials (TCMs), serving as substitutes for the conventional indium tin oxide (ITO). So far, ITO has been the most used TCM despite its brittleness and high cost. Among the different emerging alternative materials to ITO, metallic nanomaterials have received much interest due to their remarkable optical-electrical properties, low cost, ease of manufacturing, flexibility, and widespread applicability. These involve metal grids, thin oxide/metal/oxide multilayers, metal nanowire percolating networks, or nanocomposites based on metallic nanostructures. In this review, a comparison between TCMs based on metallic nanomaterials and other TCM technologies is discussed. Next, the different types of metal-based TCMs developed so far and the fabrication technologies used are presented. Then, the challenges that these TCMs face toward integration in functional devices are discussed. Finally, the various fields in which metal-based TCMs have been successfully applied, as well as emerging and potential applications, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Huong Nguyen
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, 12116, Viet Nam
| | | | - Joao Resende
- AlmaScience Colab, Madan Parque, Caparica, 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Laetitia Bardet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
| | - Thomas Sannicolo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Carmen Jiménez
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
| | - David Muñoz-Rojas
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
| | - Ngoc Duy Nguyen
- Département de Physique, CESAM/Q-MAT, SPIN, Université de Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
| | - Daniel Bellet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, Grenoble, F-38016, France
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Choi SG, Seok HJ, Kim J, Kang J, Kim HK. Transparent and flexible passivation of MoS 2/Ag nanowire with sputtered polytetrafluoroethylene film for high performance flexible heaters. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6010. [PMID: 35397621 PMCID: PMC8994750 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated highly transparent and flexible polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) passivation for the MoS2/Ag nanowire (Ag NW) electrodes used in thin film heaters (TFHs). The electrical, optical, and mechanical properties of PTFE coated MoS2/Ag NW electrode were compared to the bare MoS2/Ag NW electrode to demonstrate effective passivation of the sputtered PTFE films before and after the 85 °C–85% temperature-relative humidity environment test. In addition, we investigated the performances of TFHs with PTFE/MoS2/Ag NW as a function of PTFE thickness from 50 to 200 nm. The saturation temperature (87.3 °C) of TFHs with PTFE/MoS2/Ag NW electrode is higher than that (61.3 °C) of TFHs with bare MoS2/Ag NW, even after the 85 °C–85% temperature-relative humidity environment test, due to effective passivation of the PTFE layer. This indicates that transparent PTFE film prepared by sputtering process provides effective thin film passivation for the two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 and Ag NW hybrid electrode against harsh environment condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Gyun Choi
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, South Korea
| | - Hae-Jun Seok
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, South Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, South Korea
| | - Joohoon Kang
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, South Korea
| | - Han-Ki Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, South Korea.
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Large-Scale Preparation of Silver Nanowire-Based Flexible Transparent Film Heaters by Slot-Die Coating. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072634. [PMID: 35407966 PMCID: PMC9000623 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Highly flexible silver nanowire-based transparent conductive films (AgNWs TCFs) were large-scale fabricated by slot-die coating AgNWs inks on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate, and further fabricated into a transparent film heater. Appropriate flow rate, coating speed, and AgNWs concentration allow the construction of the 15 cm × 15 cm AgNW TCFs with a sheet resistance (Rs) of less than 20 Ω/sq, a transmittance (T) at 550 nm higher than 95%, and a haze less than 3.5%. The resultant AgNW TCFs heater possesses high uniformity and superior mechanical stability and can reach a Joule heating temperature of 104 °C with a voltage of 12 V. The slot-die coating method has great potential for large-scale production of AgNW based film heaters promisingly used in window defrost and deicer systems.
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Huang Q, Zhu Y. Patterning of Metal Nanowire Networks: Methods and Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:60736-60762. [PMID: 34919389 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the advance in flexible and stretchable electronics, one-dimensional nanomaterials such as metal nanowires have drawn much attention in the past 10 years or so. Metal nanowires, especially silver nanowires, have been recognized as promising candidate materials for flexible and stretchable electronics. Owing to their high electrical conductivity and high aspect ratio, metal nanowires can form electrical percolation networks, maintaining high electrical conductivity under deformation (e.g., bending and stretching). Apart from coating metal nanowires for making large-area transparent conductive films, many applications require patterned metal nanowires as electrodes and interconnects. Precise patterning of metal nanowire networks is crucial to achieve high device performances. Therefore, a high-resolution, designable, and scalable patterning of metal nanowire networks is important but remains a critical challenge for fabricating high-performance electronic devices. This review summarizes recent advances in patterning of metal nanowire networks, using subtractive methods, additive methods of nanowire dispersions, and printing methods. Representative device applications of the patterned metal nanowire networks are presented. Finally, challenges and important directions in the area of the patterning of metal nanowire networks for device applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijin Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, North Carolina, United States
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, North Carolina, United States
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10
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High-Stability Silver Nanowire-Al 2O 3 Composite Flexible Transparent Electrodes Prepared by Electrodeposition. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11113047. [PMID: 34835811 PMCID: PMC8621956 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanowire (AgNW) conductive film fabricated by solution processing was investigated as an alternative to indium tin oxide (ITO) in flexible transparent electrodes. In this paper, we studied a facile and effective method by electrodepositing Al2O3 on the surface of AgNWs. As a result, flexible transparent electrodes with improved stability could be obtained by electrodepositing Al2O3. It was found that, as the annealing temperature rises, the Al2O3 coating layer can be transformed from Al2O3·H2O into a denser amorphous state at 150 °C. By studying the increase of electrodeposition temperature, it was observed that the transmittance of the AgNW-Al2O3 composite films first rose to the maximum at 70 °C and then decreased. With the increase of the electrodeposition time, the figure of merit (FoM) of the composite films increased and reached the maximum when the time was 40 s. Through optimizing the experimental parameters, a high-stability AgNW flexible transparent electrode using polyimide (PI) as a substrate was prepared without sacrificing optical and electrical performance by electrodepositing at -1.1 V and 70 °C for 40 s with 0.1 mol/L Al(NO3)3 as the electrolyte, which can withstand a high temperature of 250 °C or 250,000 bending cycles with a bending radius of 4 mm.
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11
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Sim HM, Kim HK. Highly flexible Ag nanowire network covered by a graphene oxide nanosheet for high-performance flexible electronics and anti-bacterial applications. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2021; 22:794-807. [PMID: 34552391 PMCID: PMC8451606 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2021.1963640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated a flexible and transparent conductive electrode (FTCE) based on Ag nanowires (AgNWs) and a graphene oxide (GO) nanosheet and fabricated through a simple and cost-effective spray coating method. The AgNWs/GO hybrid FTCE was optimized by adjusting the nozzle-to-substrate distance, spray speed, compressor pressure, and volume of the GO solution. The optimal AgNWs/GO hybrid FTCE has a high transmittance of 88% at a wavelength of 550 nm and a low sheet resistance of 20 Ohm/square. We demonstrate the presence of the GO nanosheet on the AgNWs through Raman spectroscopy. Using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, we confirmed that the nanosheet acted as a conducting bridge between AgNWs and improved the surface morphology and roughness of the electrode. Effective coverage by the GO sheet improved the conductivity of the AgNWs electrode Effective coverage of the GO sheet improved conductivity of the AgNWs electrode with minimum degradation of optical and mechanical properties. Flexible thin film heater (TFH) and electroluminescent (EL) devices fabricated on AgNWs/GO hybrid FTCEs showed better performance than devices on bare AgNWs electrodes due to lower sheet resistance and uniform conductivity. In addition, an AgNWs/GO electrode layer on a facial mask acts as a self-heating and antibacterial coating. A facial mask with an AgNWs/GO electrode showed a bacteriostatic reduction rate of 99.7 against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-Min Sim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Ki Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
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12
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Papanastasiou DT, Charvin N, Resende J, Nguyen VH, Sekkat A, Muñoz-Rojas D, Jiménez C, Flandin L, Bellet D. Effects of non-homogeneity and oxide coating on silver nanowire networks under electrical stress: comparison between experiment and modeling. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:445702. [PMID: 34374663 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks are among the most promising indium-free, flexible transparent electrodes for energy, lighting and heating devices. However, the lack of stability of such networks is a key factor that limits their industrial application. While applications require homogeneous networks, non-homogeneous AgNW networks are intentionally prepared in the present work to probe the mechanisms leading to failure under electrical stress. We show that induced non-homogeneities have a strong impact both on the spatial distribution of temperature (measured by IR imaging) and the current density throughout the electrode (as deduced from modeling). Regions with higher current density under elevated electrical stress are correlated to the origin of degradation. Furthermore, the influence of a zinc oxide (ZnO) layer on electrical performances of non-homogeneous specimens is studied. Thanks to ZnO coating, the tortuosity of electrical potential lines measured by the one-probe mapping technique is much lower than for bare networks. Additionally, coated network electrical failure occurs at 40% higher voltage compared to bare network, over 18 V, while reaching superior power-induced heating of 360 °C. The results presented here will contribute to the design and fabrication of more robust nanowire networks, particularly for application in transparent heaters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Charvin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Joao Resende
- AlmaScience Colab, Madan Parque, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Viet Huong Nguyen
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
| | - Abderrahime Sekkat
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - David Muñoz-Rojas
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Carmen Jiménez
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Lionel Flandin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel Bellet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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Kitamura S, Iijima M, Tatami J, Fuke T, Hinotsu T, Sato K. Polymer Ligand Design and Surface Modification of Ag Nanowires toward Color-Tone-Tunable Transparent Conductive Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:13705-13713. [PMID: 33715362 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ag nanowire suspensions are one of the indispensable materials in the design and fabrication of flexible transparent conductive films. Although the required properties of Ag nanowire films, such as their high transparency, low haze, low contact resistance, and suppression of yellowing, are strongly related to the nanowire surface phenomena, approaches for the surface modification of polyol-synthesized Ag nanowires have rarely been reported. Here, we report the design of a polymer ligand and surface modification of Ag nanowires with the designed polymer to obtain color-tunable transparent conductive films through a simple casting and drying process. In this approach, we synthesized a series of functional polymer ligands by partially grafting polyethyleneimine (PEI) with polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains (PEI-mPEG). The amine sites in PEI-mPEG were designed to act as adsorption sites as well as anchoring sites for an anionic blue dye for suppressing the yellow color tone of Ag nanowires. On the other hand, the PEG chains were designed to maintain the stability of the Ag nanowires in aqueous suspensions and to suppress corrosion of Ag nanowires, which is enhanced by the amine groups of PEI. The effect of the grafting ratio of PEG chains on PEI on the ligand-exchange behavior of the Ag nanowires, their dispersion stability in aqueous inks, and final film properties were investigated systematically. Furthermore, successful color tuning of the Ag nanowire film, without suppressing the conductive and optical properties, is demonstrated by loading anionic blue dye onto PEI-mPEG-modified Ag nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoma Kitamura
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogayaku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Iijima
- Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogayaku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Junichi Tatami
- Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogayaku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Fuke
- Dowa Electronics Materials Co. Ltd., 1-3-1 Kaigandori, Minamiku, Okayama 702-8506, Japan
| | - Takashi Hinotsu
- Dowa Electronics Materials Co. Ltd., 1-3-1 Kaigandori, Minamiku, Okayama 702-8506, Japan
| | - Kimitaka Sato
- Dowa Electronics Materials Co. Ltd., 1-3-1 Kaigandori, Minamiku, Okayama 702-8506, Japan
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Kumar A, Shaikh MO, Chuang CH. Silver Nanowire Synthesis and Strategies for Fabricating Transparent Conducting Electrodes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:693. [PMID: 33802059 PMCID: PMC8000035 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
One-dimensional metal nanowires, with novel functionalities like electrical conductivity, optical transparency and high mechanical stiffness, have attracted widespread interest for use in applications such as transparent electrodes in optoelectronic devices and active components in nanoelectronics and nanophotonics. In particular, silver nanowires (AgNWs) have been widely researched owing to the superlative thermal and electrical conductivity of bulk silver. Herein, we present a detailed review of the synthesis of AgNWs and their utilization in fabricating improved transparent conducting electrodes (TCE). We discuss a range of AgNW synthesis protocols, including template assisted and wet chemical techniques, and their ability to control the morphology of the synthesized nanowires. Furthermore, the use of scalable and cost-effective solution deposition methods to fabricate AgNW based TCE, along with the numerous treatments used for enhancing their optoelectronic properties, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Muhammad Omar Shaikh
- Sustainability Science and Engineering Program, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsin Chuang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
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15
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Mohamedkhair AK, Hakeem AS, Drmosh QA, Mohammed AS, Baig MMA, Ul-Hamid A, Gondal MA, Yamani ZH. Fabrication and Characterization of Transparent and Scratch-Proof Yttrium/Sialon Thin Films. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2283. [PMID: 33217915 PMCID: PMC7698762 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Transparent and amorphous yttrium (Y)/Sialon thin films were successfully fabricated using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The thin films were fabricated in three steps. First, Y/Sialon target was synthesized using spark plasma sintering technique at 1500 °C in an inert atmosphere. Second, the surface of the fabricated target was cleaned by grinding and polishing to remove any contamination, such as graphite and characterized. Finally, thin films were grown using PLD in an inert atmosphere at various substrate temperatures (RT to 500 °C). While the X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis revealed that the Y/Sialon target has β phase, the XRD of the fabricated films showed no diffraction peaks and thus confirming the amorphous nature of fabricated thin films. XRD analysis displayed that the fabricated thin films were amorphous while the transparency, measured by UV-vis spectroscopy, of the films, decreased with increasing substrate temperature, which was attributed to a change in film thickness with deposition temperature. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results suggested that the synthesized Y/Sialon thin films are nearly homogenous and contained all target's elements. A scratch test revealed that both 300 and 500 °C coatings possess the tough and robust nature of the film, which can resist much harsh loads and shocks. These results pave the way to fabricate different Sialon doped materials for numerous applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Kamal Mohamedkhair
- Physics Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (A.K.M.); (M.A.G.); (Z.H.Y.)
| | - Abbas Saeed Hakeem
- Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Qasem Ahmed Drmosh
- Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdul Samad Mohammed
- Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.M.); (M.M.A.B.)
| | - Mirza Murtuza Ali Baig
- Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.M.); (M.M.A.B.)
| | - Anwar Ul-Hamid
- Center for Engineering Research, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Ashraf Gondal
- Physics Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (A.K.M.); (M.A.G.); (Z.H.Y.)
- Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Zain Hassan Yamani
- Physics Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (A.K.M.); (M.A.G.); (Z.H.Y.)
- Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia;
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16
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Lee SH, Lee S. Fabrication and Characterization of Roll-to-Roll-Coated Cantilever-Structured Touch Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:46797-46803. [PMID: 33006885 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is common in the field of printed electronics that polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) be used as a dielectric layer for capacitive sensors because of its high elasticity and restoration force. However, capacitive sensors with the PDMS dielectric layer have a lower sensitivity than those with an air-gap structure that has been fabricated by the conventional micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) process. This paper presents a productive method for fabricating air-gap structures for touch sensors by roll-to-roll slot-die coating. The air-gap is formed by coating and removing a sacrificial layer. Cantilever-structured capacitive touch sensors with an air-gap are fabricated as follows: First, the bottom electrode, the dielectric layer, and the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) sacrificial layer are roll-to-roll slot-die-coated on a flexible substrate. In addition, the spacer layer is spin-coated. On the sacrificial and spacer layers, the top electrode and structural layer are formed by spin-coating. Then, the air-gap and cantilever structure are made by removing the sacrificial layer in water. The cantilever-structured sensor samples are examined in terms of sensitivity, hysteresis, and repeatability. In particular, the electrical performance of the samples is compared to those with the PDMS dielectric layer. Experimental results show that the cantilever-structured sensor samples have significantly higher sensitivity compared to those with the PDMS dielectric layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Design and Production Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyoon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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17
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Park JH, Seok HJ, Kamaraj E, Park S, Kim HK. Highly transparent and flexible Ag nanowire-embedded silk fibroin electrodes for biocompatible flexible and transparent heater. RSC Adv 2020; 10:31856-31862. [PMID: 35518126 PMCID: PMC9056558 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05990k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the electrical, optical and mechanical properties of silver (Ag) nanowire (NW) embedded into a silk fibroin (SF) substrate to create high performance, flexible, transparent, biocompatible, and biodegradable heaters for use in wearable electronics. The Ag NW-embedded SF showed a low sheet resistance of 15 Ω sq-1, high optical transmittance of 85.1%, and a small inner/outer critical bending radius of 1 mm. In addition, the Ag NW-embedded SF showed a constant resistance change during repeated bending, folding, and rolling because the connectivity of the Ag NW embedded into the SF substrate was well maintained. Furthermore, the biocompatible and biodegradable Ag NW-embedded SF substrate served as a flexible interconnector for wearable electronics. The high performance of the transparent and flexible heater demonstrated that an Ag NW-embedded SF-based heater can act as a biocompatible and biodegradable substrate for wearable heaters for the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hyeok Park
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu Suwon-si Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jun Seok
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu Suwon-si Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Eswaran Kamaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Kongju National University 56, Gongjudaehak-ro Gongju-si Chungcheongnam-do 32588 Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Park
- Department of Chemistry, Kongju National University 56, Gongjudaehak-ro Gongju-si Chungcheongnam-do 32588 Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Ki Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu Suwon-si Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
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18
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Yang M, Xu K, Wang L. Flexible touch sensor fabricated by double-sided nanoimprint lithography metal transfer. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:315302. [PMID: 32303011 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab8a90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A double-sided nanoimprint lithography metal transfer method has been developed to fabricate a flexible capacitive touch sensor. The electrodes of this sensor are aligned and overlapped to each other and consist of a diamond aluminum mesh, which achieved a transmittance of 94% and anisotropic surface resistivity. The maximum capacitance change of the touch sensor unit is up to 41.8% when fullly touched. A 3 × 3 sensor array was tested to prove good touch detection function and the potential for large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyi Yang
- Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, No.96, JinZhai Road, Hefei 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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19
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Lee SH, Lee S. Cantilever Type Acceleration Sensors Made by Roll-to-Roll Slot-Die Coating. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20133748. [PMID: 32635459 PMCID: PMC7374456 DOI: 10.3390/s20133748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the fabrication by means of roll-to-roll slot-die coating and characterization of air gap-based cantilever type capacitive acceleration sensors. As the mass of the sensor moves in the opposite direction of the acceleration, a capacitance change occurs. The sensor is designed to have a six layers structure with an air gap. Fabrication of the air gap and cantilever was enabled by coating and removing water-soluble PVA. The bottom electrode, the dielectric layer, and the sacrificial layer were formed using the roll-to-roll slot-die coating technique. The spacer, the top electrode, and the structural layer were formed by spin coating. Several kinds of experiments were conducted for characterization of the fabricated sensor samples. Experimental results show that accelerations of up to 3.6 g can be sensed with an average sensitivity of 0.00856 %/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Design and Production Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Sangyoon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-450-3731
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21
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Yu H, Jin N, Wang Z, Lin J, Wei J, Luo Q, Ma CQ. Use of solution-processed zinc oxide to prevent the breakdown in silver nanowire networks. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:18LT01. [PMID: 31978905 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab6fe4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The electrical breakdown is a bottleneck preventing AgNW networks from being used in high-current electronics such as transparent heaters or similar applications. The process of failure confirms that Joule-heating plays a key role in the formation of cracks perpendicular to the voltage direction. To improve the transfer of Joule heating, solution-processed ZnO nanoparticles were deposited on a gravure printed AgNW random network with good transparency. The AgNW-ZnO nanocomposites show better heating uniformity at higher temperatures because of their improved thermal conductivity. A 57.7% higher power density was obtained without failure, as well as the improved maximum average temperature rise from 72.2 °C to 97.9 °C, after the AgNW was composited with ZnO. This work opens up a new method to study AgNW failures for applications in high-current electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Yu
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Information Technology and Metrology of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China. Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, People's Republic of China
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22
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Yao S, Ren P, Song R, Liu Y, Huang Q, Dong J, O'Connor BT, Zhu Y. Nanomaterial-Enabled Flexible and Stretchable Sensing Systems: Processing, Integration, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1902343. [PMID: 31464046 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterial-enabled flexible and stretchable electronics have seen tremendous progress in recent years, evolving from single sensors to integrated sensing systems. Compared with nanomaterial-enabled sensors with a single function, integration of multiple sensors is conducive to comprehensive monitoring of personal health and environment, intelligent human-machine interfaces, and realistic imitation of human skin in robotics and prosthetics. Integration of sensors with other functional components promotes real-world applications of the sensing systems. Here, an overview of the design and integration strategies and manufacturing techniques for such sensing systems is given. Then, representative nanomaterial-enabled flexible and stretchable sensing systems are presented. Following that, representative applications in personal health, fitness tracking, electronic skins, artificial nervous systems, and human-machine interactions are provided. To conclude, perspectives on the challenges and opportunities in this burgeoning field are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Ping Ren
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Runqiao Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Qijin Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Jingyan Dong
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Brendan T O'Connor
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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23
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Zhang Y, Ng SW, Lu X, Zheng Z. Solution-Processed Transparent Electrodes for Emerging Thin-Film Solar Cells. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2049-2122. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaokang Zhang
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices and Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sze-Wing Ng
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices and Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi Lu
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices and Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices and Research Centre for Smart Wearable Technology, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Tang P, Zheng X, Yang H, He J, Zheng Z, Yang W, Zhou S. Intrinsically Stretchable and Shape Memory Conducting Nanofiber for Programmable Flexible Electronic Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:48202-48211. [PMID: 31763813 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, flexible and stretchable electronic films have been drawing increasing attention but are limited by the nature of elastomeric materials and the embedded structure; thus, these films cannot achieve long-term and stable electrical performance at certain deformation states in practical applications. Here, we report intrinsically stretchable and shape memory polycaprolactone/polyethylene glycol/silver nanowires films (PPAFs) based on a dual-layer network structure of nanofibers that can achieve both shape-fixable and deformation-reversible conductivity in the elongation range. We also demonstrate the resistance characteristic of PPAFs at the same/different deformation rates, which shows the unique memorable resistance and the variable conversion of a "conductive-insulation-conductive" state. Importantly, the change in sheet resistance of the PPAFs fixed at any rate of deformation could sustainably recover the initial sheet resistance even after cyclic thermal responses. Furthermore, we successfully develop the programmable conductivity of PPAFs as a monitoring, switching, and alarming device for shape memory cycles through the ingenious design of a microcircuit and simulation analysis using Proteus software. PPAFs show great potential for changeable characteristics in both shape and resistance for use in flexible electronic films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandeng Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031 , China
| | - Xiaotong Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031 , China
| | - Huikai Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031 , China
| | - Jing He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031 , China
| | - Zhiwen Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031 , China
| | - Weiqing Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031 , China
| | - Shaobing Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031 , China
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25
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Tang G, Tang B. Fabrication and performance of an ultrafine silver grid film applied to flexible touch sensor. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-1804-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe fabrication and performance of an ultrafine silver (Ag) grid film applied to flexible touch sensor as the transparent conductive electrode is reported. The ultrafine Ag grid film was fabricated based on the laser direct writing, electroforming, nano-imprint lithography. In the manufacturing process, firstly, the Nickel (Ni) mold used as the master mold was obtained by laser direct writing and electroforming technologies. Secondly, the micro-grooves were transferred from the Ni mold onto the surface of UV glue coated on the polyethylene terephthalate film through nano-imprinting technology. Lastly, the ultrafine Ag grid was generated through nano-imprint lithography with Ag paste filled into the micro-grooves on the UV glue. The result indicated that the ultrafine Ag grid film with size (L) 640 mm × (W) 520 mm had a uniform line width of 1.01 μm and showed excellent optoelectronic and mechanical properties, such as optical transmittance 90.00%, Haze 1.49%, sheet resistance 5.4 Ω/□, the variation ratio of the sheet resistance within 3% after 8000 bending cycles, and the almost negligible morphology change after the adhesion cross-cut test. Furthermore, the functional test was performed on a flexible touch sensor applying the ultrafine Ag grid film.
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26
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Jung M, Vishwanath SK, Kim J, Ko DK, Park MJ, Lim SC, Jeon S. Transparent and Flexible Mayan-Pyramid-based Pressure Sensor using Facile-Transferred Indium tin Oxide for Bimodal Sensor Applications. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14040. [PMID: 31575874 PMCID: PMC6773852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transparent and conducting flexible electrodes have been successfully developed over the last few decades due to their potential applications in optoelectronics. However, recent developments in smart electronics, such as a direct human-machine interface, health-monitoring devices, motion-tracking sensors, and artificially electronic skin also require materials with multifunctional properties such as transparency, flexibility and good portability. In such devices, there remains room to develop transparent and flexible devices such as pressure sensors or temperature sensors. Herein, we demonstrate a fully transparent and flexible bimodal sensor using indium tin oxide (ITO), which is embedded in a plastic substrate. For the proposed pressure sensor, the embedded ITO is detached from its Mayan-pyramid-structured silicon mold by an environmentally friendly method which utilizes water-soluble sacrificial layers. The Mayan-pyramid-based pressure sensor is capable of six different pressure sensations with excellent sensitivity in the range of 100 Pa-10 kPa, high endurance of 105 cycles, and good pulse detection and tactile sensing data processing capabilities through machine learning (ML) algorithms for different surface textures. A 5 × 5-pixel pressure-temperature-based bimodal sensor array with a zigzag-shaped ITO temperature sensor on top of it is also demonstrated without a noticeable interface effect. This work demonstrates the potential to develop transparent bimodal sensors that can be employed for electronic skin (E-skin) applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhyun Jung
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), School of Electrical Engineering, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujaya Kumar Vishwanath
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), School of Electrical Engineering, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, Chungchungnam-do 331-717, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Kwan Ko
- Department of Mechanical, Robotics and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Park
- Department of Mechanical, Robotics and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Chul Lim
- Department of Mechanical, Robotics and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sanghun Jeon
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), School of Electrical Engineering, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Manning HG, da Rocha CG, Callaghan CO, Ferreira MS, Boland JJ. The Electro-Optical Performance of Silver Nanowire Networks. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11550. [PMID: 31399603 PMCID: PMC6689048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47777-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Networks of metallic nanowires have the potential to meet the needs of next-generation device technologies that require flexible transparent conductors. At present, there does not exist a first principles model capable of predicting the electro-optical performance of a nanowire network. Here we combine an electrical model derived from fundamental material properties and electrical equations with an optical model based on Mie theory scattering of light by small particles. This approach enables the generation of analogues for any nanowire network and then accurately predicts, without the use of fitting factors, the optical transmittance and sheet resistance of the transparent electrode. Predictions are validated using experimental data from the literature of networks comprised of a wide range of aspect ratios (nanowire length/diameter). The separation of the contributions of the material resistance and the junction resistance allows the effectiveness of post-deposition processing methods to be evaluated and provides a benchmark for the minimum attainable sheet resistance. The predictive power of this model enables a material-by-design approach, whereby suitable systems can be prescribed for targeted technology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh G Manning
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) & Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Claudia Gomes da Rocha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Colin O' Callaghan
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) & Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mauro S Ferreira
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) & Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - John J Boland
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) & Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Sohn H, Park C, Oh JM, Kang SW, Kim MJ. Silver Nanowire Networks: Mechano-Electric Properties and Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2526. [PMID: 31398876 PMCID: PMC6720749 DOI: 10.3390/ma12162526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With increasing technological demand for portable electronic and photovoltaic devices, it has become critical to ensure the electrical and mechano-electric reliability of electrodes in such devices. However, the limited flexibility and high processing costs of traditional electrodes based on indium tin oxide undermine their application in flexible devices. Among various alternative materials for flexible electrodes, such as metallic/carbon nanowires or meshes, silver nanowire (Ag NW) networks are regarded as promising candidates owing to their excellent electrical, optical, and mechano-electric properties. In this context, there have been tremendous studies on the physico-chemical and mechano-electric properties of Ag NW networks. At the same time, it has been a crucial job to maximize the device performance (or their mechano-electric performance) by reconciliation of various properties. This review discusses the properties and device applications of Ag NW networks under dynamic motion by focusing on notable findings and cases in the recent literature. Initially, we introduce the fabrication (deposition process) of Ag NW network-based electrodes from solution-based coating processes (drop casting, spray coating, spin coating, etc.) to commercial processes (slot-die and roll-to-roll coating). We also discuss the electrical/optical properties of Ag NW networks, which are governed by percolation, and their electrical contacts. Second, the mechano-electric properties of Ag NW networks are reviewed by describing individual and combined properties of NW networks with dynamic motion under cyclic loading. The improved mechano-electric properties of Ag NW network-based flexible electrodes are also discussed by presenting various approaches, including post-treatment and hybridization. Third, various Ag NW-based flexible devices (electronic and optoelectronic devices) are introduced by discussing their operation principles, performance, and challenges. Finally, we offer remarks on the challenges facing the current studies and discuss the direction of research in this field, as well as forthcoming issues to be overcome to achieve integration into commercial devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiesang Sohn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea.
| | - Chulhwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Oh
- Department of Electronic Material Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Sang Wook Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Engineering, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea.
| | - Mi-Jeong Kim
- Material Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16678, Korea.
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Shi Y, He L, Deng Q, Liu Q, Li L, Wang W, Xin Z, Liu R. Synthesis and Applications of Silver Nanowires for Transparent Conductive Films. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E330. [PMID: 31100913 PMCID: PMC6562472 DOI: 10.3390/mi10050330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) are widely applied in flexible electronic devices. Among these electrodes, silver (Ag) nanowires (NWs) have gained considerable interests due to their excellent electrical and optical performances. Ag NWs with a one-dimensional nanostructure have unique characteristics from those of bulk Ag. In past 10 years, researchers have proposed various synthesis methods of Ag NWs, such as ultraviolet irradiation, template method, polyol method, etc. These methods are discussed and summarized in this review, and we conclude that the advantages of the polyol method are the most obvious. This review also provides a more comprehensive description of the polyol method for the synthesis of Ag NWs, and the synthetic factors including AgNO3 concentration, addition of other metal salts and polyvinyl pyrrolidone are thoroughly elaborated. Furthermore, several problems in the fabrication of Ag NWs-based TCEs and related devices are reviewed. The prospects for applications of Ag NWs-based TCE in solar cells, electroluminescence, electrochromic devices, flexible energy storage equipment, thin-film heaters and stretchable devices are discussed and summarized in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shi
- School of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China.
| | - Liang He
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Qian Deng
- School of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China.
| | - Quanxiao Liu
- School of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China.
| | - Luhai Li
- School of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China.
| | - Zhiqing Xin
- School of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China.
| | - Ruping Liu
- School of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China.
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Park K, Woo K, Kim J, Lee D, Ahn Y, Song D, Kim H, Oh D, Kwon S, Lee Y. High-Resolution and Large-Area Patterning of Highly Conductive Silver Nanowire Electrodes by Reverse Offset Printing and Intense Pulsed Light Irradiation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:14882-14891. [PMID: 30919616 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Conventional printing technologies such as inkjet, screen, and gravure printing have been used to fabricate patterns of silver nanowire (AgNW) transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) for a variety of electronic devices. However, they have critical limitations in achieving micrometer-scale fine line width, uniform thickness, sharp line edge, and pattering of various shapes. Moreover, the optical and electrical properties of printed AgNW patterns do not satisfy the performance required by flexible integrated electronic devices. Here, we report a high-resolution and large-area patterning of highly conductive AgNW TCEs by reverse offset printing and intense pulsed light (IPL) irradiation for flexible integrated electronic devices. A conductive AgNW ink for reverse offset printing is prepared by carefully adjusting the composition of AgNW content, solvents, surface energy modifiers, and organic binders for the first time. High-quality and high-resolution AgNW micropatterns with various shapes and line widths are successfully achieved on a large-area plastic substrate (120 × 100 mm2) by optimizing the process parameters of reverse offset printing. The reverse offset printed AgNW micropatterns exhibit superior fine line widths (up to 6 μm) and excellent pattern quality such as sharp line edge, fine line spacing, effective wire junction connection, and smooth film roughness. They are post-processed with IPL irradiation, thereby realizing excellent optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. Furthermore, flexible OLEDs and heaters based on reverse offset printed AgNW micropatterns are successfully fabricated and characterized, demonstrating the potential use of the reverse offset printing for the conductive AgNW ink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyutae Park
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering , Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) , 333 Techno Jungang-daero , Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoohee Woo
- Advanced Manufacturing Systems Research Division , Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) , 156 Gajeongbuk-ro , Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34103 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jongyoun Kim
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering , Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) , 333 Techno Jungang-daero , Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988 , Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwa Lee
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering , Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) , 333 Techno Jungang-daero , Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yumi Ahn
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering , Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) , 333 Techno Jungang-daero , Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dongha Song
- Advanced Manufacturing Systems Research Division , Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) , 156 Gajeongbuk-ro , Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34103 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34134 , Republic of Korea
| | - Honggi Kim
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering , Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) , 333 Techno Jungang-daero , Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34134 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sin Kwon
- Advanced Manufacturing Systems Research Division , Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) , 156 Gajeongbuk-ro , Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34103 , Republic of Korea
| | - Youngu Lee
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering , Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) , 333 Techno Jungang-daero , Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988 , Republic of Korea
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31
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Chu X, Wang K, Tao J, Li S, Ji S, Ye C. Tackling the Stability Issues of Silver Nanowire Transparent Conductive Films through FeCl₃ Dilute Solution Treatment. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9040533. [PMID: 30987149 PMCID: PMC6523130 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanowires (AgNWs) have been investigated as alternatives to indium tin oxide in transparent conductive films (TCFs) for electronics. However, AgNW TCFs still pose stability issues when exposed to thermal, chemical, and mechanical stimuli. Herein, we demonstrate a facile and effective route to improve stability by treating the films with dilute ferric chloride solution. Our results indicate that after treatment the films exhibit a dramatically enhanced stability against aging, high temperature oxidation, chemical etching, sulfurization, and mechanical straining. Size-dependent instability is fully explored and explained regarding surface atomic diffusion, which could be blocked by enhancing the activation energy of surface diffusion through forming a AgCl cap under ferric chloride solution treatment. Chemisorption-related Fermi level shift of silver nanowires is applied to tune their chemical reactivity to ferric chloride solution for balancing between size-dependent stability improvement and maintaining optoelectrical properties. Owing to the dilute treatment solution, the treated films exhibit a negligible change in light transmittance, whereas sheet resistance decreases by 30% and flexibility increases because of capillary-force-induced welding of contacting AgNWs and AgCl layer mediated tightening. These findings are significant for real-world applications of AgNW TCFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xikun Chu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Silicon Device Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jingqi Tao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Shuxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Shulin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Changhui Ye
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Huo D, Kim MJ, Lyu Z, Shi Y, Wiley BJ, Xia Y. One-Dimensional Metal Nanostructures: From Colloidal Syntheses to Applications. Chem Rev 2019; 119:8972-9073. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da Huo
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Myung Jun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Zhiheng Lyu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yifeng Shi
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Wiley
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Younan Xia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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33
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Wang Z, Zhang L, Liu J, Li C. Highly Stretchable, Sensitive, and Transparent Strain Sensors with a Controllable In-Plane Mesh Structure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:5316-5324. [PMID: 30586275 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Highly stretchable and transparent strain sensors integrated in-plane meshed structure with silver nanowire conductive networks are rationally designed and prepared by the ultrafast laser cutting technique and facile drop-coating process, which exhibit great promise for efficient large-scale production. The in-plane meshed structure and low-content conductive network enable the sensor to achieve outstanding sensing performance and optical transparency based on simple fabricating processes and simplified components. More impressively, finite element method simulation is used to analyze and predict the influence of multiple structures on properties for selecting optimal meshed structures. Consequently, the strain sensor with optimal meshed structures exhibits high sensitivity in a wide working strain range (gauge factor of 846 at 150% tensile strain), good optical transparency of 88.3%, slight hysteresis, and long-term durability under large-strain cycles. Because of these superior performances, this in-plane mesh-structured strain sensor has great potential as candidates for wearable electronics, especially in skin-mountable devices detecting both subtle physiological signals and large motion information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education , East China University of Science & Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education , East China University of Science & Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Jin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education , East China University of Science & Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Chunzhong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education , East China University of Science & Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
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Computational characterization and control of electrical conductivity of nanowire composite network under mechanical deformation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16617. [PMID: 30413787 PMCID: PMC6226518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34992-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative models to predict the electrical performance of 1-D nanowire (NW) composite networks under external deformation such as bending and patterning are developed by Monte-Carlo based computations, and appropriate solutions are addressed to enhance the tolerance of the sheet resistance (Rs) of the NW networks under the deformation. In addition, several strategies are employed to improve further the robustness of the sheet resistance against the network deformation. In the case of bending, outstanding bending durability of a hybrid NW network coated on a 2-D sheet is confirmed with a numerical model, and a network of NWs aligned unidirectionally toward bend axis is introduced to alleviate the sheet resistance degradation. In the case of a narrowly patterned channel, the conductivity enhancement of a network of NWs aligned in parallel to the channel with reduced channel is validated, and a network made with two types of NWs with different lengths is suggested to enhance the tolerance of the electrical conductivity. The results offer useful design guidelines to the use of the 1-D NW percolation network for flexible transparent conducting electrodes.
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35
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Seok HJ, Kim JK, Kim HK. Effective passivation of Ag nanowire network by transparent tetrahedral amorphous carbon film for flexible and transparent thin film heaters. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13521. [PMID: 30202005 PMCID: PMC6131521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31927-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed effective passivation method of flexible Ag nanowire (NW) network electrodes using transparent tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) film prepared by filtered cathode vacuum arc (FCVA) coating. Even at room temperature process of FCVA, the ta-C passivation layer effectively protect Ag NW network electrode and improved the ambient stability of Ag NW network without change of sheet resistance of Ag NW network. In addition, ta-C coated Ag NW electrode showed identical critical inner and outer bending radius to bare Ag NW due to the thin thickness of ta-C passivation layer. The time-temperature profiles demonstrate that the performance of the transparent and flexible thin film heater (TFH) with the ta-C/Ag NW network is better than that of a TFH with Ag NW electrodes due to thermal stability of FCVA grown ta-C layer. In addition, the transparent and flexible TFHs with ta-C/Ag NW showed robustness against external force due to its high hardness and wear resistance. This indicates that the FCVA coated ta-C is promising passivation and protective layer for chemically weak Ag NW network electrodes against sulfur in ambient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Jun Seok
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Kuk Kim
- Department of Surface Process Laboratory, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797, Changwon-aero, Seongsan-gu, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Ki Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Meng L, Bian R, Guo C, Xu B, Liu H, Jiang L. Aligning Ag Nanowires by a Facile Bioinspired Directional Liquid Transfer: Toward Anisotropic Flexible Conductive Electrodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706938. [PMID: 29707831 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed the booming development of transparent flexible electrodes (TFEs) for their applications in electronics and optoelectronic devices. Various strategies have thus been developed for preparing TFEs with higher flexibility and conductivity. However, little work has focused on TFEs with anisotropic conductivity. Here, a facile strategy of directional liquid transfer is proposed, guided by a conical fibers array (CFA), based on which silver nanowires (AgNWs) are aligned on a soft poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrate in large scale. After further coating a second thin layer of the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate), a TFE with notable anisotropic conductivity and excellent optical transmittance of 95.2% is prepared. It is proposed that the CFA enables fine control over the receding of the three-phase contact line during the dewetting process, where AgNWs are guided and aligned by the as-generated directional stress. Moreover, anisotropic electrochemical deposition is enabled where the Cu nanoparticles deposit only on the oriented AgNWs, leading to a surface with anisotropic wetting behavior. Importantly, the approach enables alignment of AgNWs via multiple directions at one step. It is envisioned that the as-developed approach will provide an optional approach for simple and low-cost preparation of TFE with various functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Meng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian district, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Ruixin Bian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian district, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian district, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Bojie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian district, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian district, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering and International Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian district, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering and International Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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Sannicolo T, Charvin N, Flandin L, Kraus S, Papanastasiou DT, Celle C, Simonato JP, Muñoz-Rojas D, Jiménez C, Bellet D. Electrical Mapping of Silver Nanowire Networks: A Versatile Tool for Imaging Network Homogeneity and Degradation Dynamics during Failure. ACS NANO 2018; 12:4648-4659. [PMID: 29722956 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Electrical stability and homogeneity of silver nanowire (AgNW) networks are critical assets for increasing their robustness and reliability when integrated as transparent electrodes in devices. Our ability to distinguish defects, inhomogeneities, or inactive areas at the scale of the entire network is therefore a critical issue. We propose one-probe electrical mapping (1P-mapping) as a specific simple tool to study the electrical distribution in these discrete structures. 1P-mapping has allowed us to show that the tortuosity of the voltage equipotential lines of AgNW networks under bias decreases with increasing network density, leading to a better electrical homogeneity. The impact of the network fabrication technique on the electrical homogeneity of the resulting electrode has also been investigated. Then, by combining 1P-mapping with electrical resistance measurements and IR thermography, we propose a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the electrical distribution in AgNW networks when subjected to increasing voltage stresses. We show that AgNW networks experience three distinctive stages: optimization, degradation, and breakdown. We also demonstrate that the failure dynamics of AgNW networks at high voltages occurs through a highly correlated and spatially localized mechanism. In particular the in situ formation of cracks could be clearly visualized. It consists of two steps: creation of a crack followed by propagation nearly parallel to the equipotential lines. Finally, we show that current can dynamically redistribute during failure, by following partially damaged secondary pathways through the crack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sannicolo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP , 38000 Grenoble , France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LITEN , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Nicolas Charvin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Lionel Flandin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Silas Kraus
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | | | - Caroline Celle
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LITEN , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | | | - David Muñoz-Rojas
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Carmen Jiménez
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Daniel Bellet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP , 38000 Grenoble , France
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Meng X, Hu X, Yang X, Yin J, Wang Q, Huang L, Yu Z, Hu T, Tan L, Zhou W, Chen Y. Roll-To-Roll Printing of Meter-Scale Composite Transparent Electrodes with Optimized Mechanical and Optical Properties for Photoelectronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:8917-8925. [PMID: 29457446 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Flexible transparent electrodes are an indispensable component for flexible optoelectronic devices. In this work, the meter-scale composite transparent electrodes (CTEs) composed of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and Ag grid/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with optimized mechanical and optical properties are demonstrated by slot-die roll-to-roll technique with solution printing method under a low cost ($15-20 per square meter), via control of the viscosity and surface energy of PEDOT:PSS ink as well as the printing parameters. The CTEs show excellent flexibility remaining 98% of the pristine value after bending 2000 times under various bending situations, and the square resistance ( Rs) of CTEs can be reduced to 4.5-5.0 Ω/sq with an appropriate transmittance. Moreover, the optical performances, such as haze, extinction coefficient, and refractive index, are investigated, as compared with indium tin oxide/PET, which are potential for the inexpensive optoelectronic flexible devices. The CTEs could be successfully employed in polymer solar cells with different areas, showing a maximal power conversion efficiency of 8.08%.
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Cho EH, Kim MJ, Sohn H, Shin WH, Won JY, Kim Y, Kwak C, Lee CS, Woo YS. A graphene mesh as a hybrid electrode for foldable devices. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:628-638. [PMID: 29235603 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07086a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A graphene mesh with arrays of micro-holes was fabricated on a polymer substrate using photolithography for use as an electrode in flexible devices. The optimal mesh structure with high optical transmittance and electrical conductivity was designed using a finite element method, in which the conductivity of the mesh was simulated as a function of structure, size, and periodicity of the hole array. The sheet resistance of the graphene mesh was lowered to that of a graphene monolayer by chemical doping and found to be 330 Ω Sq-1 at 98.5% transparency. The figure of merit of the doped graphene mesh was calculated to be 106 at 98% transmittance, a value that has not yet been reported for any conventional transparent electrode material. Due to strong bonding between the polymer and substrate, the hybrid electrode composed of a silver nanowire (AgNW)/graphene mesh coated with an over-coating layer exhibited more stable electrical characteristics during mechanical fatigue deformation compared to a hybrid film composed of a AgNW/graphene sheet. The AgNW/graphene sheet underwent breakdown at less than 20 000 cycles in cyclic bending tests with 6.5% strain, but the AgNW/graphene mesh showed a 38% increase in resistance at 20 000 cycles and no breakdown even at 100 000 cycles. Therefore, in this study, we propose a hybrid structure composed of a AgNW/graphene mesh, which is optically and mechanically superior to AgNW/graphene sheets, and therefore suitable for application as a transparent electrode in foldable devices with long-term stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Cho
- Platform Technology Lab., Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, 120 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 443-803, South Korea
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Cho KS, Kim HK. Transparent and flexible Sb-doped SnO2 films with a nanoscale AgTi alloyed interlayer for heat generation and shielding applications. RSC Adv 2018; 8:2599-2609. [PMID: 35541491 PMCID: PMC9077500 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12988b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Transparent and flexible Sb-doped SnO2 (ATO) films with a nanoscale AgTi alloyed interlayer were fabricated for use as plasma damage-free, indium-free, thermally stable electrodes for high performance heat generating films and shielding films in smart windows. The AgTi alloy-inserted ATO film on a PET substrate showed a low sheet resistance of 6.91 ohm per square and a high optical transmittance of 90.24% without thermal annealing or intentional substrate heating. Even after deformation using an outer bending radius of 4 mm, the ATO film with a AgTi interlayer showed a constant sheet resistance due to the mechanical robustness of the AgTi interlayer. Furthermore, the AgTi-inserted ATO film showed a constant resistance even after annealing at 500 °C, unlike the Ag-inserted ATO films. Furthermore, we demonstrated the feasibility of the AgTi-inserted ATO films as transparent heat generating films and shielding films for smart windows. The effective heat generation and shield performance of the ATO/Ag–Ti/ATO multilayer suggests that the multi-functional ATO/Ag–Ti/ATO films can be used to create energy-efficient smart windows for building energy management systems and automobiles. Transparent and flexible ATO films with a nanoscale AgTi alloyed interlayer were fabricated for high performance heat generating and shielding films in smart windows.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Su Cho
- Kyung Hee University
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics
- Yongin
- Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Ki Kim
- Kyung Hee University
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics
- Yongin
- Republic of Korea
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41
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Lee SM, Kim SH, Lee JH, Lee SJ, Kim HK. Hydrophobic and stretchable Ag nanowire network electrode passivated by a sputtered PTFE layer for self-cleaning transparent thin film heaters. RSC Adv 2018; 8:18508-18518. [PMID: 35541098 PMCID: PMC9080517 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00880a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated hydrophobic, flexible/stretchable, and transparent electrodes made up of Ag nanowire (NW) networks passivated by a sputtered polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer to produce self-cleaning transparent thin film heaters (TFHs). Using carbon nanotubes and a PTFE mixed conducting target, we successfully sputtered a transparent PTFE layer on the Ag NW network using mid-frequency magnetron sputtering. The hydrophobic surface of the PTFE/Ag NW electrodes led to water-repelling and self-cleaning transparent Ag NW electrodes, which are beneficial for transparent TFH-based smart windows. Furthermore, hydrophobic PTFE/Ag NW electrodes coated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyurethane (PU) substrates showed outstanding flexibility and stretchability, respectively, due to the capping effect of the PTFE layer. Based on outer/inner bending and stretching test results, we demonstrated the superior mechanical properties of the PTFE/Ag NW electrode compared to a bare Ag NW electrode. Finally, we investigated the feasibility of the PTFE/Ag NW film coated on a PU substrate as a transparent and stretchable electrode for stretchable and self-cleaning transparent TFHs. The effective heat generation of the stretchable PTFE/Ag NW electrode indicates the potential for energy-efficient multi-functional PTFE/Ag NW-based TFHs attached to automobile windows. We demonstrated hydrophobic, flexible/stretchable, and transparent electrodes made up of Ag nanowire networks passivated by a sputtered polytetrafluoroethylene layer to produce self-cleaning transparent film heaters.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Mok Lee
- Kyung Hee University
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics
- Yongin-si
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Kim
- Chemical Materials Solutions Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Heung Lee
- Chemical Materials Solutions Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Chemical Materials Solutions Center
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Ki Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon
- Republic of Korea
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Bai S, Wang H, Yang H, Zhang H, Chen T, Guo X. Fused silver nanowires with silica sol nanoparticles for smooth, flexible, electrically conductive and highly stable transparent electrodes. RSC Adv 2018; 8:13466-13473. [PMID: 35542527 PMCID: PMC9079824 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01569d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AgNWs-silica nanoparticles composite TCE with smooth surface and superior opto-electrical properties has been manufactured via AgNW-silica sol composite ink coating on PET through Mayer rod method, which is a promising alternative to ITO films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchi Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - He Zhang
- Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Tianrui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Xingzhong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
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Wei Y, Zhang QL, Wan HJ, Zhang YN, Zheng SW, Zhang Y. A facile synthesis of segmented silver nanowires and enhancement of the performance of polymer solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:18837-18843. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02734j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Segmented AgNWs synthesized by a polyol method at a suitable reaction temperature and time were blended into PEDOT:PSS hole transporting layers to enhance the performance of polymer solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wei
- Institute of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- China
| | - Qi-lun Zhang
- Institute of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- China
| | - Hui-jun Wan
- College of Mathematics and Physics
- Jinggangshan University
- Ji’an 343009
- China
| | - Ying-nan Zhang
- Institute of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- China
| | - Shu-wen Zheng
- Institute of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Institute of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- China
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Xue Q, Yao W, Liu J, Tian Q, Liu L, Li M, Lu Q, Peng R, Wu W. Facile Synthesis of Silver Nanowires with Different Aspect Ratios and Used as High-Performance Flexible Transparent Electrodes. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:480. [PMID: 28789485 PMCID: PMC5545992 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowires (Ag NWs) are the promising materials to fabricate flexible transparent electrodes, aiming to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) in the next generation of flexible electronics. Herein, a feasible polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-mediated polyol synthesis of Ag NWs with different aspect ratios is demonstrated and high-quality Ag NWs transparent electrodes (NTEs) are fabricated without high-temperature thermal sintering. When employing the mixture of PVP with different average molecular weight as the capping agent, the diameters of Ag NWs can be tailored and Ag NWs with different aspect ratios varying from ca. 30 to ca. 1000 are obtained. Using these as-synthesized Ag NWs, the uniform Ag NWs films are fabricated by repeated spin coating. When the aspect ratios exceed 500, the optoelectronic performance of Ag NWs films improve remarkably and match up to those of ITO films. Moreover, an optimal Ag NTEs with low sheet resistance of 11.4 Ω/sq and a high parallel transmittance of 91.6% at 550 nm are achieved when the aspect ratios reach almost 1000. In addition, the sheet resistance of Ag NWs films does not show great variation after 400 cycles of bending test, suggesting an excellent flexibility. The proposed approach to fabricate highly flexible and high-performance Ag NTEs would be useful to the development of flexible devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Xue
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Nanomaterials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijing Yao
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Nanomaterials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Nanomaterials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyong Tian
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Nanomaterials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Nanomaterials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengxiao Li
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Nanomaterials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Lu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Nanomaterials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Peng
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Nanomaterials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Nanomaterials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518057 People’s Republic of China
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Ko EH, Kim HJ, Lee SM, Kim TW, Kim HK. Stretchable Ag electrodes with mechanically tunable optical transmittance on wavy-patterned PDMS substrates. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46739. [PMID: 28436426 PMCID: PMC5402286 DOI: 10.1038/srep46739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on semi-transparent stretchable Ag films coated on a wavy-patterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate for use as stretchable electrodes for stretchable and transparent electronics. To improve the mechanical stretchability of the Ag films, we optimized the wavy-pattern of the PDMS substrate as a function of UV-ozone treatment time and pre-strain of the PDMS substrate. In addition, we investigated the effect of the Ag thickness on the mechanical stretchability of the Ag electrode formed on the wavy-patterned PDMS substrate. The semi-transparent Ag films formed on the wavy-patterned PDMS substrate showed better stretchability (strain 20%) than the Ag films formed on a flat PDMS substrate because the wavy pattern effectively relieved strain. In addition, the optical transmittance of the Ag electrode on the wavy-patterned PDMS substrate was tunable based on the degree of stretching for the PDMS substrate. In particular, it was found that the wavy-patterned PDMS with a smooth buckling was beneficial for a precise patterning of Ag interconnectors. Furthermore, we demonstrated the feasibility of semi-transparent Ag films on wavy-patterned PDMS as stretchable electrodes for the stretchable electronics based on bending tests, hysteresis tests, and dynamic fatigue tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hye Ko
- Kyung Hee University, Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, 1 Seocheon, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Joong Kim
- Kyung Hee University, Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, 1 Seocheon, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mok Lee
- Kyung Hee University, Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, 1 Seocheon, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woong Kim
- OLED R&D Center, Samsung Display, 230 Nongseo-dong, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17113, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Ki Kim
- Kyung Hee University, Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, 1 Seocheon, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Republic of Korea
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