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Lefèbre J, Falk T, Ning Y, Rademacher C. Secondary Sites of the C-type Lectin-Like Fold. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400660. [PMID: 38527187 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
C-type lectins are a large superfamily of proteins involved in a multitude of biological processes. In particular, their involvement in immunity and homeostasis has rendered them attractive targets for diverse therapeutic interventions. They share a characteristic C-type lectin-like domain whose adaptability enables them to bind a broad spectrum of ligands beyond the originally defined canonical Ca2+-dependent carbohydrate binding. Together with variable domain architecture and high-level conformational plasticity, this enables C-type lectins to meet diverse functional demands. Secondary sites provide another layer of regulation and are often intricately linked to functional diversity. Located remote from the canonical primary binding site, secondary sites can accommodate ligands with other physicochemical properties and alter protein dynamics, thus enhancing selectivity and enabling fine-tuning of the biological response. In this review, we outline the structural determinants allowing C-type lectins to perform a large variety of tasks and to accommodate the ligands associated with it. Using the six well-characterized Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent C-type lectin receptors DC-SIGN, langerin, MGL, dectin-1, CLEC-2 and NKG2D as examples, we focus on the characteristics of non-canonical interactions and secondary sites and their potential use in drug discovery endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lefèbre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport, Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz Labs, Vienna, Austria
| | - Torben Falk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport, Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz Labs, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yunzhan Ning
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport, Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz Labs, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz Labs, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Zhang T, Aipire A, Li Y, Guo C, Li J. Antigen cross-presentation in dendric cells: From bench to bedside. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115758. [PMID: 37866002 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-presentation (XPT) is an adaptation of the cellular process in which dendritic cells (DCs) present exogenous antigens on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules for recognition of the cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells, resulting in immunity or tolerance. Recent advances in DCs have broadened our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of XPT and strengthened their application in tumor immunotherapy. In this review, we summarized the known mechanisms of XPT, including the receptor-mediated internalization of exogenous antigens, endosome escape, engagement of the other XPT-related proteins, and adjuvants, which significantly enhance the XPT capacity of DCs. Consequently, various strategies to enhance XPT can be adopted and optimized to improve outcomes of DC-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Adila Aipire
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Yijie Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Changying Guo
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
| | - Jinyao Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
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3
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Porkolab V, Lepšík M, Ordanini S, St John A, Le Roy A, Thépaut M, Paci E, Ebel C, Bernardi A, Fieschi F. Powerful Avidity with a Limited Valency for Virus-Attachment Blockers on DC-SIGN: Combining Chelation and Statistical Rebinding with Structural Plasticity of the Receptor. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:709-718. [PMID: 37122470 PMCID: PMC10141607 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The C-type lectin receptor DC-SIGN has been highlighted as the coreceptor for the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. A multivalent glycomimetic ligand, Polyman26, has been found to inhibit DC-SIGN-dependent trans-infection of SARS-CoV-2. The molecular details underlying avidity generation in such systems remain poorly characterized. In an effort to dissect the contribution of the known multivalent effects - chelation, clustering, and statistical rebinding - we studied a series of dendrimer constructs related to Polyman26 with a rod core rationally designed to engage simultaneously two binding sites of the tetrameric DC-SIGN. Binding properties of these compounds have been studied with a range of biophysical techniques, including recently developed surface plasmon resonance oriented-surface methodology. Using molecular modeling we addressed, for the first time, the impact of the carbohydrate recognition domains' flexibility of the DC-SIGN tetramer on the compounds' avidity. We were able to gain deeper insight into the role of different binding modes, which in combination produce a construct with a nanomolar affinity despite a limited valency. This multifaceted experimental-theoretical approach provides detailed understanding of multivalent ligand/multimeric protein interactions which can lead to future predictions. This work opens the way to the development of new virus attachment blockers adapted to different C-type lectin receptors of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Porkolab
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Martin Lepšík
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, Prague 6, 166 10, Czechia
| | - Stefania Ordanini
- Universita’
degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, via Golgi 19, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Alexander St John
- Astbury
Centre & School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Aline Le Roy
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Thépaut
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Emanuele Paci
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy “Augusto Righi”, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni, 33, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christine Ebel
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Anna Bernardi
- Universita’
degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, via Golgi 19, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Institut
Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris, France
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4
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Martínez-Bailén M, Rojo J, Ramos-Soriano J. Multivalent glycosystems for human lectins. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:536-572. [PMID: 36545903 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00736c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human lectins are involved in a wide variety of biological processes, both physiological and pathological, which have attracted the interest of the scientific community working in the glycoscience field. Multivalent glycosystems have been employed as useful tools to understand carbohydrate-lectin binding processes as well as for biomedical applications. The review shows the different scaffolds designed for a multivalent presentation of sugars and their corresponding binding studies to lectins and in some cases, their biological activities. We summarise this research by organizing based on lectin types to highlight the progression in this active field. The paper provides an overall picture of how these contributions have furnished relevant information on this topic to help in understanding and participate in these carbohydrate-lectin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Martínez-Bailén
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain.
| | - Javier Rojo
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain.
| | - Javier Ramos-Soriano
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain.
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5
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Goti G, Colombo C, Achilli S, Vives C, Thépaut M, Luczkowiak J, Labiod N, Delgado R, Fieschi F, Bernardi A, Vivès C. Precision Glycodendrimers for DC‐SIGN Targeting. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Goti
- Università degli Studi di Milano: Universita degli Studi di Milano Chemistry ITALY
| | - Cinzia Colombo
- Università degli Studi di Milano: Universita degli Studi di Milano Chemistry ITALY
| | | | | | | | - Joanna Luczkowiak
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Instituto de Investigación SPAIN
| | - Nuria Labiod
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Instituto de Investigación SPAIN
| | - Rafael Delgado
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Instituto de Investigación SPAIN
| | | | - Anna Bernardi
- Universita' di Milano Chimica via Golgi 19 20133 Milano ITALY
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6
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Pollastri S, Delaunay C, Thépaut M, Fieschi F, Bernardi A. Glycomimetic ligands block the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with C-type lectin co-receptors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5136-5139. [PMID: 35380569 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00121g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The C-type lectin receptors DC-SIGN and L-SIGN bind to glycans on the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and promote trans-infection of ACE2-expressing cells. We tested C2 triazole-modified mono- and pseudo-di-mannosides as inhibitors of DC/L-SIGN binding to a model mannosylated protein (Man-BSA) and to SARS-CoV2 spike, finding that they inhibit the interaction of both lectins with the spike glycoprotein in a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) assay and are more potent than mannose by up to 36-fold (DC-SIGN) and 10-fold (L-SIGN). The molecules described here are the first known glycomimetic ligands of L-SIGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pollastri
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, via Golgi 19, Milano, Italy.
| | - Clara Delaunay
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Michel Thépaut
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Anna Bernardi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, via Golgi 19, Milano, Italy.
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7
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Advances in the Immunomodulatory Properties of Glycoantigens in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081854. [PMID: 35454762 PMCID: PMC9032556 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This work reviews the role of aberrant glycosylation in cancer cells during tumour growth and spreading, as well as in immune evasion. The interaction of tumour-associated glycans with the immune system through C-type lectin receptors can favour immune escape but can also provide opportunities to develop novel tumour immunotherapy strategies. This work highlights the main findings in this area and spotlights the challenges that remain to be investigated. Abstract Aberrant glycosylation in tumour progression is currently a topic of main interest. Tumour-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) are expressed in a wide variety of epithelial cancers, being both a diagnostic tool and a potential treatment target, as they have impact on patient outcome and disease progression. Glycans affect both tumour-cell biology properties as well as the antitumor immune response. It has been ascertained that TACAs affect cell migration, invasion and metastatic properties both when expressed by cancer cells or by their extracellular vesicles. On the other hand, tumour-associated glycans recognized by C-type lectin receptors in immune cells possess immunomodulatory properties which enable tumour growth and immune response evasion. Yet, much remains unknown, concerning mechanisms involved in deregulation of glycan synthesis and how this affects cell biology on a major level. This review summarises the main findings to date concerning how aberrant glycans influence tumour growth and immunity, their application in cancer treatment and spotlights of unanswered challenges remaining to be solved.
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Rawding PA, Bu J, Wang J, Kim D, Drelich AJ, Kim Y, Hong S. Dendrimers for cancer immunotherapy: Avidity-based drug delivery vehicles for effective anti-tumor immune response. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1752. [PMID: 34414690 PMCID: PMC9485970 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, or the utilization of a patient's own immune system to treat cancer, has shifted the paradigm of cancer treatment. Despite meaningful responses being observed in multiple studies, currently available immunotherapy platforms have only proven effective to a small subset of patients. To address this, nanoparticles have been utilized as a novel carrier for immunotherapeutic drugs, achieving robust anti-tumor effects with increased adaptive and durable responses. Specifically, dendrimer nanoparticles have attracted a great deal of scientific interest due to their versatility in various therapeutic applications, resulting from their unique physicochemical properties and chemically well-defined architecture. This review offers a comprehensive overview of dendrimer-based immunotherapy technologies, including their formulations, biological functionalities, and therapeutic applications. Common formulations include: (1) modulators of cytokine secretion of immune cells (adjuvants); (2) facilitators of the recognition of tumorous antigens (vaccines); (3) stimulators of immune effectors to selectively attack cells expressing specific antigens (antibodies); and (4) inhibitors of immune-suppressive responses (immune checkpoint inhibitors). On-going works and prospects of dendrimer-based immunotherapies are also discussed. Overall, this review provides a critical overview on rapidly growing dendrimer-based immunotherapy technologies and serves as a guideline for researchers and clinicians who are interested in this field. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piper A Rawding
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA,Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jiyoon Bu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA,Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - DaWon Kim
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA,Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Adam J Drelich
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA,Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Seungpyo Hong
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA,Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA,Yonsei Frontier Lab and Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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9
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Truong S, Mootoo DR. C-Glycosylcrotylboronates for the Synthesis of Glycomimetics. Org Lett 2021; 24:191-195. [PMID: 34958591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The stereoselective synthesis of E- and Z- isomers of a C- mannosyl crotylpinacolboronate via Ni-promoted reactions on an allylic acetate and a diene precursor, respectively, is described. The E- and Z- isomers reacted with 1,2-O-isopropylidene glyceraldehyde in the presence or absence of (R)- and (S)- TRIP catalysts, to give predominantly 3,4-anti and 3,4-syn crotylation products, respectively, with moderate to high facial selectivity. These products were transformed to biologically relevant C-manno-disaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Truong
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States.,The Graduate Center, CUNY, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - David R Mootoo
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States.,The Graduate Center, CUNY, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
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10
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Cramer J. Medicinal chemistry of the myeloid C-type lectin receptors Mincle, Langerin, and DC-SIGN. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1985-2000. [PMID: 35024612 PMCID: PMC8672822 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00238d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In their role as pattern-recognition receptors on cells of the innate immune system, myeloid C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) assume important biological functions related to immunity, homeostasis, and cancer. As such, this family of receptors represents an appealing target for therapeutic interventions for modulating the outcome of many pathological processes, in particular related to infectious diseases. This review summarizes the current state of research into glycomimetic or drug-like small molecule ligands for the CLRs Mincle, Langerin, and DC-SIGN, which have potential therapeutic applications in vaccine research and anti-infective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Cramer
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
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11
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Kremsreiter SM, Kroell ASH, Weinberger K, Boehm H. Glycan-Lectin Interactions in Cancer and Viral Infections and How to Disrupt Them. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10577. [PMID: 34638920 PMCID: PMC8508825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycan-lectin interactions play an essential role in different cellular processes. One of their main functions is involvement in the immune response to pathogens or inflammation. However, cancer cells and viruses have adapted to avail themselves of these interactions. By displaying specific glycosylation structures, they are able to bind to lectins, thus promoting pathogenesis. While glycan-lectin interactions promote tumor progression, metastasis, and/or chemoresistance in cancer, in viral infections they are important for viral entry, release, and/or immune escape. For several years now, a growing number of investigations have been devoted to clarifying the role of glycan-lectin interactions in cancer and viral infections. Various overviews have already summarized and highlighted their findings. In this review, we consider the interactions of the lectins MGL, DC-SIGN, selectins, and galectins in both cancer and viral infections together. A possible transfer of ways to target and disrupt them might lead to new therapeutic approaches in different pathological backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Maria Kremsreiter
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.M.K.); (A.-S.H.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Ann-Sophie Helene Kroell
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.M.K.); (A.-S.H.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Katharina Weinberger
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.M.K.); (A.-S.H.K.); (K.W.)
| | - Heike Boehm
- Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Abstract
Carbohydrates are the most abundant and one of the most important biomacromolecules in Nature. Except for energy-related compounds, carbohydrates can be roughly divided into two categories: Carbohydrates as matter and carbohydrates as information. As matter, carbohydrates are abundantly present in the extracellular matrix of animals and cell walls of various plants, bacteria, fungi, etc., serving as scaffolds. Some commonly found polysaccharides are featured as biocompatible materials with controllable rigidity and functionality, forming polymeric biomaterials which are widely used in drug delivery, tissue engineering, etc. As information, carbohydrates are usually referred to the glycans from glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans, which bind to proteins or other carbohydrates, thereby meditating the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. These glycans could be simplified as synthetic glycopolymers, glycolipids, and glycoproteins, which could be afforded through polymerization, multistep synthesis, or a semisynthetic strategy. The information role of carbohydrates can be demonstrated not only as targeting reagents but also as immune antigens and adjuvants. The latter are also included in this review as they are always in a macromolecular formulation. In this review, we intend to provide a relatively comprehensive summary of carbohydrate-based macromolecular biomaterials since 2010 while emphasizing the fundamental understanding to guide the rational design of biomaterials. Carbohydrate-based macromolecules on the basis of their resources and chemical structures will be discussed, including naturally occurring polysaccharides, naturally derived synthetic polysaccharides, glycopolymers/glycodendrimers, supramolecular glycopolymers, and synthetic glycolipids/glycoproteins. Multiscale structure-function relationships in several major application areas, including delivery systems, tissue engineering, and immunology, will be detailed. We hope this review will provide valuable information for the development of carbohydrate-based macromolecular biomaterials and build a bridge between the carbohydrates as matter and the carbohydrates as information to promote new biomaterial design in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Su
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Yingle Feng
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Kongchang Wei
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Department of Materials meet Life, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
| | - Xuyang Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rongying Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guosong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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13
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Thépaut M, Luczkowiak J, Vivès C, Labiod N, Bally I, Lasala F, Grimoire Y, Fenel D, Sattin S, Thielens N, Schoehn G, Bernardi A, Delgado R, Fieschi F. DC/L-SIGN recognition of spike glycoprotein promotes SARS-CoV-2 trans-infection and can be inhibited by a glycomimetic antagonist. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009576. [PMID: 34015061 PMCID: PMC8136665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficient spread of SARS-CoV-2 resulted in a unique pandemic in modern history. Despite early identification of ACE2 as the receptor for viral spike protein, much remains to be understood about the molecular events behind viral dissemination. We evaluated the contribution of C-type lectin receptors (CLRS) of antigen-presenting cells, widely present in respiratory mucosa and lung tissue. DC-SIGN, L-SIGN, Langerin and MGL bind to diverse glycans of the spike using multiple interaction areas. Using pseudovirus and cells derived from monocytes or T-lymphocytes, we demonstrate that while virus capture by the CLRs examined does not allow direct cell infection, DC/L-SIGN, among these receptors, promote virus transfer to permissive ACE2+ Vero E6 cells. A glycomimetic compound designed against DC-SIGN, enable inhibition of this process. These data have been then confirmed using authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus and human respiratory cell lines. Thus, we described a mechanism potentiating viral spreading of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Thépaut
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France
| | - Joanna Luczkowiak
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Universidad Complutense School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Corinne Vivès
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France
| | - Nuria Labiod
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Universidad Complutense School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabelle Bally
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France
| | - Fátima Lasala
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Universidad Complutense School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yasmina Grimoire
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France
| | - Daphna Fenel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France
| | - Sara Sattin
- Universita`degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicole Thielens
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France
| | - Guy Schoehn
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France
| | - Anna Bernardi
- Universita`degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Milano, Italy
| | - Rafael Delgado
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Universidad Complutense School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France
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14
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Shchegravina ES, Sachkova AA, Usova SD, Nyuchev AV, Gracheva YA, Fedorov AY. Carbohydrate Systems in Targeted Drug Delivery: Expectation and Reality. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021010222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Achilli S, Monteiro JT, Serna S, Mayer-Lambertz S, Thépaut M, Le Roy A, Ebel C, Reichardt NC, Lepenies B, Fieschi F, Vivès C. TETRALEC, Artificial Tetrameric Lectins: A Tool to Screen Ligand and Pathogen Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5290. [PMID: 32722514 PMCID: PMC7432041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type lectin receptor (CLR)/carbohydrate recognition occurs through low affinity interactions. Nature compensates that weakness by multivalent display of the lectin carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) at the cell surface. Mimicking these low affinity interactions in vitro is essential to better understand CLR/glycan interactions. Here, we present a strategy to create a generic construct with a tetrameric presentation of the CRD for any CLR, termed TETRALEC. We applied our strategy to a naturally occurring tetrameric CRD, DC-SIGNR, and compared the TETRALEC ligand binding capacity by synthetic N- and O-glycans microarray using three different DC-SIGNR constructs i) its natural tetrameric counterpart, ii) the monomeric CRD and iii) a dimeric Fc-CRD fusion. DC-SIGNR TETRALEC construct showed a similar binding profile to that of its natural tetrameric counterpart. However, differences observed in recognition of low affinity ligands underlined the importance of the CRD spatial arrangement. Moreover, we further extended the applications of DC-SIGNR TETRALEC to evaluate CLR/pathogens interactions. This construct was able to recognize heat-killed Candida albicans by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, a so far unreported specificity of DC-SIGNR. In summary, the newly developed DC-SIGNR TETRALEC tool proved to be useful to unravel novel CLR/glycan interactions, an approach which could be applied to other CLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Achilli
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA, CNRS, University of Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (S.A.); (M.T.); (A.L.R.); (C.E.); (F.F.)
| | - João T. Monteiro
- Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (J.T.M.); (S.M.-L.); (B.L.)
| | - Sonia Serna
- Glycotechnology Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIBER-BBN, Paseo Miramón 182, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (S.S.); (N.-C.R.)
| | - Sabine Mayer-Lambertz
- Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (J.T.M.); (S.M.-L.); (B.L.)
| | - Michel Thépaut
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA, CNRS, University of Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (S.A.); (M.T.); (A.L.R.); (C.E.); (F.F.)
| | - Aline Le Roy
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA, CNRS, University of Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (S.A.); (M.T.); (A.L.R.); (C.E.); (F.F.)
| | - Christine Ebel
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA, CNRS, University of Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (S.A.); (M.T.); (A.L.R.); (C.E.); (F.F.)
| | - Niels-Christian Reichardt
- Glycotechnology Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIBER-BBN, Paseo Miramón 182, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (S.S.); (N.-C.R.)
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (J.T.M.); (S.M.-L.); (B.L.)
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA, CNRS, University of Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (S.A.); (M.T.); (A.L.R.); (C.E.); (F.F.)
| | - Corinne Vivès
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA, CNRS, University of Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (S.A.); (M.T.); (A.L.R.); (C.E.); (F.F.)
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16
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Valverde P, Martínez JD, Cañada FJ, Ardá A, Jiménez-Barbero J. Molecular Recognition in C-Type Lectins: The Cases of DC-SIGN, Langerin, MGL, and L-Sectin. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2999-3025. [PMID: 32426893 PMCID: PMC7276794 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates play a pivotal role in intercellular communication processes. In particular, glycan antigens are key for sustaining homeostasis, helping leukocytes to distinguish damaged tissues and invading pathogens from healthy tissues. From a structural perspective, this cross‐talk is fairly complex, and multiple membrane proteins guide these recognition processes, including lectins and Toll‐like receptors. Since the beginning of this century, lectins have become potential targets for therapeutics for controlling and/or avoiding the progression of pathologies derived from an incorrect immune outcome, including infectious processes, cancer, or autoimmune diseases. Therefore, a detailed knowledge of these receptors is mandatory for the development of specific treatments. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about four key C‐type lectins whose importance has been steadily growing in recent years, focusing in particular on how glycan recognition takes place at the molecular level, but also looking at recent progresses in the quest for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Valverde
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - J Daniel Martínez
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - F Javier Cañada
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Avda Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science and Technology, UPV-EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bernardi
- Department of Chemistry; Università degli Studi di Milano; via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Sara Sattin
- Department of Chemistry; Università degli Studi di Milano; via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
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18
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Baldin AV, Savvateeva LV, Bazhin AV, Zamyatnin AA. Dendritic Cells in Anticancer Vaccination: Rationale for Ex Vivo Loading or In Vivo Targeting. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030590. [PMID: 32150821 PMCID: PMC7139354 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) have shown great potential as a component or target in the landscape of cancer immunotherapy. Different in vivo and ex vivo strategies of DC vaccine generation with different outcomes have been proposed. Numerous clinical trials have demonstrated their efficacy and safety in cancer patients. However, there is no consensus regarding which DC-based vaccine generation method is preferable. A problem of result comparison between trials in which different DC-loading or -targeting approaches have been applied remains. The employment of different DC generation and maturation methods, antigens and administration routes from trial to trial also limits the objective comparison of DC vaccines. In the present review, we discuss different methods of DC vaccine generation. We conclude that standardized trial designs, treatment settings and outcome assessment criteria will help to determine which DC vaccine generation approach should be applied in certain cancer cases. This will result in a reduction in alternatives in the selection of preferable DC-based vaccine tactics in patient. Moreover, it has become clear that the application of a DC vaccine alone is not sufficient and combination immunotherapy with recent advances, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, should be employed to achieve a better clinical response and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V. Baldin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (L.V.S.)
| | - Lyudmila V. Savvateeva
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (L.V.S.)
| | - Alexandr V. Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (L.V.S.)
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Department of Cell Signaling, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +74-956-229-843
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19
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Vacchini M, Edwards R, Guizzardi R, Palmioli A, Ciaramelli C, Paiotta A, Airoldi C, La Ferla B, Cipolla L. Glycan Carriers As Glycotools for Medicinal Chemistry Applications. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:6349-6398. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190104164653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are one of the most powerful and versatile classes of biomolecules that nature
uses to regulate organisms’ biochemistry, modulating plenty of signaling events within cells, triggering
a plethora of physiological and pathological cellular behaviors. In this framework, glycan carrier
systems or carbohydrate-decorated materials constitute interesting and relevant tools for medicinal
chemistry applications. In the last few decades, efforts have been focused, among others, on the development
of multivalent glycoconjugates, biosensors, glycoarrays, carbohydrate-decorated biomaterials
for regenerative medicine, and glyconanoparticles. This review aims to provide the reader with a general
overview of the different carbohydrate carrier systems that have been developed as tools in different
medicinal chemistry approaches relying on carbohydrate-protein interactions. Given the extent of
this topic, the present review will focus on selected examples that highlight the advancements and potentialities
offered by this specific area of research, rather than being an exhaustive literature survey of
any specific glyco-functionalized system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Vacchini
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Rana Edwards
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Guizzardi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palmioli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Carlotta Ciaramelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Paiotta
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Airoldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Barbara La Ferla
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Cipolla
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
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20
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Chemically engineered glycan-modified cancer vaccines to mobilize skin dendritic cells. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 53:167-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Medve L, Achilli S, Guzman‐Caldentey J, Thépaut M, Senaldi L, Le Roy A, Sattin S, Ebel C, Vivès C, Martin‐Santamaria S, Bernardi A, Fieschi F. Enhancing Potency and Selectivity of a DC-SIGN Glycomimetic Ligand by Fragment-Based Design: Structural Basis. Chemistry 2019; 25:14659-14668. [PMID: 31469191 PMCID: PMC6899773 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modification of pseudo-dimannoside ligands guided by fragment-based design allowed for the exploitation of an ammonium-binding region in the vicinity of the mannose-binding site of DC-SIGN, leading to the synthesis of a glycomimetic antagonist (compound 16) of unprecedented affinity and selectivity against the related lectin langerin. Here, the computational design of pseudo-dimannoside derivatives as DC-SIGN ligands, their synthesis, their evaluation as DC-SIGN selective antagonists, the biophysical characterization of the DC-SIGN/16 complex, and the structural basis for the ligand activity are presented. On the way to the characterization of this ligand, an unusual bridging interaction within the crystals shed light on the plasticity and potential secondary binding sites within the DC-SIGN carbohydrate recognition domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Medve
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milanovia Golgi 1920133MilanoItaly
| | - Silvia Achilli
- Université Grenoble AlpesCNRS, CEAInstitut de Biologie Structurale38044GrenobleFrance
| | - Joan Guzman‐Caldentey
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones BiologicasCIB-CSICC/Ramiro de Maeztu, 928040MadridSpain
| | - Michel Thépaut
- Université Grenoble AlpesCNRS, CEAInstitut de Biologie Structurale38044GrenobleFrance
| | - Luca Senaldi
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milanovia Golgi 1920133MilanoItaly
| | - Aline Le Roy
- Université Grenoble AlpesCNRS, CEAInstitut de Biologie Structurale38044GrenobleFrance
| | - Sara Sattin
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milanovia Golgi 1920133MilanoItaly
| | - Christine Ebel
- Université Grenoble AlpesCNRS, CEAInstitut de Biologie Structurale38044GrenobleFrance
| | - Corinne Vivès
- Université Grenoble AlpesCNRS, CEAInstitut de Biologie Structurale38044GrenobleFrance
| | - Sonsoles Martin‐Santamaria
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones BiologicasCIB-CSICC/Ramiro de Maeztu, 928040MadridSpain
| | - Anna Bernardi
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milanovia Golgi 1920133MilanoItaly
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Université Grenoble AlpesCNRS, CEAInstitut de Biologie Structurale38044GrenobleFrance
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22
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Li RJE, Hogervorst TP, Achilli S, Bruijns SC, Arnoldus T, Vivès C, Wong CC, Thépaut M, Meeuwenoord NJ, van den Elst H, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Filippov DV, van Vliet SJ, Fieschi F, Codée JDC, van Kooyk Y. Systematic Dual Targeting of Dendritic Cell C-Type Lectin Receptor DC-SIGN and TLR7 Using a Trifunctional Mannosylated Antigen. Front Chem 2019; 7:650. [PMID: 31637232 PMCID: PMC6787163 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are important initiators of adaptive immunity, and they possess a multitude of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR) to generate an adequate T cell mediated immunity against invading pathogens. PRR ligands are frequently conjugated to tumor-associated antigens in a vaccination strategy to enhance the immune response toward such antigens. One of these PPRs, DC-SIGN, a member of the C-type lectin receptor (CLR) family, has been extensively targeted with Lewis structures and mannose glycans, often presented in multivalent fashion. We synthesized a library of well-defined mannosides (mono-, di-, and tri-mannosides), based on known "high mannose" structures, that we presented in a systematically increasing number of copies (n = 1, 2, 3, or 6), allowing us to simultaneously study the effect of mannoside configuration and multivalency on DC-SIGN binding via Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) and flow cytometry. Hexavalent presentation of the clusters showed the highest binding affinity, with the hexa-α1,2-di-mannoside being the most potent ligand. The four highest binding hexavalent mannoside structures were conjugated to a model melanoma gp100-peptide antigen and further equipped with a Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-agonist as adjuvant for DC maturation, creating a trifunctional vaccine conjugate. Interestingly, DC-SIGN affinity of the mannoside clusters did not directly correlate with antigen presentation enhancing properties and the α1,2-di-mannoside cluster with the highest binding affinity in our library even hampered T cell activation. Overall, this systematic study has demonstrated that multivalent glycan presentation can improve DC-SIGN binding but enhanced binding cannot be directly translated into enhanced antigen presentation and the sole assessment of binding affinity is thus insufficient to determine further functional biological activity. Furthermore, we show that well-defined antigen conjugates combining two different PRR ligands can be generated in a modular fashion to increase the effectiveness of vaccine constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Jun Eveline Li
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tim P. Hogervorst
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Silvia Achilli
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France
| | - Sven C. Bruijns
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tim Arnoldus
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Corinne Vivès
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France
| | - Chung C. Wong
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Michel Thépaut
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France
| | - Nico J. Meeuwenoord
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hans van den Elst
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gijs A. van der Marel
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Dmitri V. Filippov
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sandra J. van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Valverde P, Ardá A, Reichardt NC, Jiménez-Barbero J, Gimeno A. Glycans in drug discovery. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1678-1691. [PMID: 31814952 PMCID: PMC6839814 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00292h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycans are key players in many biological processes. They are essential for protein folding and stability and act as recognition elements in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Thus, being at the heart of medically relevant biological processes, glycans have come onto the scene and are considered hot spots for biomedical intervention. The progress in biophysical techniques allowing access to an increasing molecular and structural understanding of these processes has led to the development of effective therapeutics. Indeed, strategies aimed at designing glycomimetics able to block specific lectin-carbohydrate interactions, carbohydrate-based vaccines mimicking self- and non-self-antigens as well as the exploitation of the therapeutic potential of glycosylated antibodies are being pursued. In this mini-review the most prominent contributions concerning recurrent diseases are highlighted, including bacterial and viral infections, cancer or immune-related pathologies, which certainly show the great promise of carbohydrates in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Valverde
- CIC bioGUNE , Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800 , 48162 Derio , Bizkaia , Spain .
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE , Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800 , 48162 Derio , Bizkaia , Spain .
| | | | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE , Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800 , 48162 Derio , Bizkaia , Spain .
- Ikerbasque , Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Bizkaia , Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry II , University of the Basque Country , UPV/EHU , 48940 Leioa , Bizkaia , Spain
| | - Ana Gimeno
- CIC bioGUNE , Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800 , 48162 Derio , Bizkaia , Spain .
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24
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Hevey R. Bioisosteres of Carbohydrate Functional Groups in Glycomimetic Design. Biomimetics (Basel) 2019; 4:E53. [PMID: 31357673 PMCID: PMC6784292 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics4030053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aberrant presentation of carbohydrates has been linked to a number of diseases, such as cancer metastasis and immune dysregulation. These altered glycan structures represent a target for novel therapies by modulating their associated interactions with neighboring cells and molecules. Although these interactions are highly specific, native carbohydrates are characterized by very low affinities and inherently poor pharmacokinetic properties. Glycomimetic compounds, which mimic the structure and function of native glycans, have been successful in producing molecules with improved pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) features. Several strategies have been developed for glycomimetic design such as ligand pre-organization or reducing polar surface area. A related approach to developing glycomimetics relies on the bioisosteric replacement of carbohydrate functional groups. These changes can offer improvements to both binding affinity (e.g., reduced desolvation costs, enhanced metal chelation) and pharmacokinetic parameters (e.g., improved oral bioavailability). Several examples of bioisosteric modifications to carbohydrates have been reported; this review aims to consolidate them and presents different possibilities for enhancing core interactions in glycomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Hevey
- Molecular Pharmacy, Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstr. 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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25
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Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) lectins mediate the recognition, uptake, and processing of antigens, but they can also be coopted by pathogens for infection. These distinct activities depend upon the routing of antigens within the cell. Antigens directed to endosomal compartments are degraded, and the peptides are presented on major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, thereby promoting immunity. Alternatively, HIV-1 can avoid degradation, as virus engagement with C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), such as DC-SIGN (DC-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin) results in trafficking to surface-accessible invaginated pockets. This process appears to enable infection of T cells in trans We sought to explore whether antigen fate upon CLR-mediated internalization was affected by antigen physical properties. To this end, we employed the ring-opening metathesis polymerization to generate glycopolymers that each display multiple copies of mannoside ligand for DC-SIGN, yet differ in length and size. The rate and extent of glycopolymer internalization depended upon polymer structure-longer polymers were internalized more rapidly and more efficiently than were shorter polymers. The trafficking, however, did not differ, and both short and longer polymers colocalized with transferrin-labeled early endosomes. To explore how DC-SIGN directs larger particles, such as pathogens, we induced aggregation of the polymers to access particulate antigens. Strikingly, these particulate antigens were diverted to the invaginated pockets that harbor HIV-1. Thus, antigen structure has a dramatic effect on DC-SIGN-mediated uptake and trafficking. These findings have consequences for the design of synthetic vaccines. Additionally, the results suggest strategies for targeting DC reservoirs that harbor viral pathogens.
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Bonam SR, Bhunia D, Muller S, Nerella SG, Alvala M, Halmuthur Mahabalarao SK. Novel trisaccharide based phospholipids as immunomodulators. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 74:105684. [PMID: 31200340 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A focused library of novel mannosylated glycophospholipids was synthesized employing imidate coupling and H-phosphate phosphorylation methods. All novel glycophospholipids were evaluated for their receptor interactions by molecular docking studies. Docking studies revealed dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) specific interaction of the glycophospholipid ligand P4 acts, which was further confirmed by in vitro DC-SIGN expression on monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). Further, in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activity among the six compounds (P1-P6) examined, compound P4 displayed good immunopotentiation and adjuvant properties as indicated by the induced cytokine expression and enhanced ovalbumin (OVA) specific antibody (IgG) titers. Phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIMs) analogues in the present study enforced the immunomodulatory properties, truncating parent PIMs or tailor-made of PIMs may bring the novel efficacious molecules, which will be useful in vaccine preparation against different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, Natural Products Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad, 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IICT Campus, Hyderabad, 500007, India; UMR 7242 CNRS- Neuroimmunology & Peptide Therapy Team, University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and cell signaling, Illkirch, France/Laboratory of excellence Medalis, Institut de science et d'ingénierie supramoléculaire (ISIS), 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Debabrata Bhunia
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, Natural Products Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Sylviane Muller
- UMR 7242 CNRS- Neuroimmunology & Peptide Therapy Team, University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and cell signaling, Illkirch, France/Laboratory of excellence Medalis, Institut de science et d'ingénierie supramoléculaire (ISIS), 67000, Strasbourg, France; University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sridhar Goud Nerella
- Molecular Modeling Facility, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Mallika Alvala
- Molecular Modeling Facility, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Sampath Kumar Halmuthur Mahabalarao
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, Natural Products Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad, 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IICT Campus, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
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Strategies for the Development of Glycomimetic Drug Candidates. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12020055. [PMID: 30978966 PMCID: PMC6631974 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates are a structurally-diverse group of natural products which play an important role in numerous biological processes, including immune regulation, infection, and cancer metastasis. Many diseases have been correlated with changes in the composition of cell-surface glycans, highlighting their potential as a therapeutic target. Unfortunately, native carbohydrates suffer from inherently weak binding affinities and poor pharmacokinetic properties. To enhance their usefulness as drug candidates, 'glycomimetics' have been developed: more drug-like compounds which mimic the structure and function of native carbohydrates. Approaches to improve binding affinities (e.g., deoxygenation, pre-organization) and pharmacokinetic properties (e.g., limiting metabolic degradation, improving permeability) have been highlighted in this review, accompanied by relevant examples. By utilizing these strategies, high-affinity ligands with optimized properties can be rationally designed and used to address therapies for novel carbohydrate-binding targets.
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Genetic and immune determinants of immune activation in HIV-exposed seronegative individuals and their role in protection against HIV infection. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 66:325-334. [PMID: 29258786 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Soon thereafter infection is established, hosts strive for an efficient eradication of microorganisms, with as limited tissue damage as possible, and durable immunological protection against re-infection. On the other hand, pathogens have developed countermeasures to escape host surveillance and to warrant diffusion to other hosts. In this molecular arms race the final results relies on multiple variables, including the genetic and immunologic e correlates of protection available for the host. In the field of HIV-infection, natural protection has been repeatedly associated to the presence of an immune activation state, at least in some cohorts of HESN (HIV-exposed seronegative). Indeed, these subjects, who naturally resist HIV-infection despite repeated exposure to the virus, are characterized by an increased expression of activation markers on circulating cells and greater production of immunological effector molecules both in basal condition and upon specific-stimulation. Although these results are not univocally shared, several publications emphasize the existence of a correlation between polymorphisms in genes associated with increased immune activation and the HESN phenotype. In this review, we will describe some of the genetic variants associated with protection against HIV infection. Understanding the basis of HIV resistance in HESN is mandatory to develop new preventative and therapeutic interventions.
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Ordanini S, Goti G, Bernardi A. From optimized monovalent ligands to size-controlled dendrimers: an efficient strategy towards high-activity DC-SIGN antagonists. CAN J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This short review describes our work on the development of dendrimeric antagonists of DC-SIGN, a dendritic cells (DCs) receptor recognizing highly mannosylated structures and primarily involved in the recognition of viruses such as HIV. The structure of pseudo-di-mannoside and pseudo-tri-mannoside compounds was first finely modified to obtain DC-SIGN ligands that were more stable and selective than mannose. Their DC-SIGN affinity differences were amplified once presented on multivalent dendrimer-like scaffolds, including poly-alkyne terminated and phenylene-ethynylene rod-like ones. Libraries of mannosylated dendrimers were synthesized, improving their stability and maximizing their monodispersity. The effect of the dendrimers valency, structure, and size on DC-SIGN affinity and antiviral potency was investigated. Both the valency and the topology of the architectures were revealed as key parameters for activity optimization, together with the intrinsic affinity of the monovalent ligand. The stability, rigidity, and length of the scaffolds were also tuned. The design of geometrically adapted scaffolds afforded one of the most potent inhibitors of DC-SIGN mediated HIV infections to date. This monodispersed, not cytotoxic, and highly active compound was also tested with DCs; its internalization into endolysosomal compartments and its ability to induce the overexpression of signaling molecules makes it a good precursor to produce pathogen-entry inhibitors with immunomodulant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Ordanini
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Goti
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Bernardi
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Synthetic agonists of NOD-like, RIG-I-like, and C-type lectin receptors for probing the inflammatory immune response. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:1345-1360. [PMID: 28776416 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic agonists of innate immune cells are of interest to immunologists due to their synthesis from well-defined materials, optimized activity, and monodisperse chemical purity. These molecules are used in both prophylactic and therapeutic contexts from vaccines to cancer immunotherapies. In this review we highlight synthetic agonists that activate innate immune cells through three classes of pattern recognition receptors: NOD-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, and C-type lectin receptors. We classify these agonists by the receptor they activate and present them from a chemical perspective, focusing on structural components that define agonist activity. We anticipate this review will be useful to the medicinal chemist as a guide to chemical motifs that activate each receptor, ultimately illuminating a chemical space ripe for exploration.
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