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Zheng J, Wu J, Xie L, Huang Y, Hong J, Chen C. Paclitaxel Aggravating Radiation-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis Is Associated with the Down-Regulation of the Negative Regulatory Function of Spry2. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 389:197-207. [PMID: 37918858 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) is capable of aggravating radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF), but the mechanism is unknown. Spry2 is a negative regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase-related Ras/Raf/extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. This experiment was aimed at exploring whether the aggravation of RIPF by PTX is related to Spry2. The RIPF model was established with C57BL/6 mice by thoracic irradiation, and PTX was administered concurrently. Western blot was used to detect the expression level of ERK signaling molecules and the distribution of Spry2 in the plasma membrane/cytoplasm. Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and immunofluorescence were used to observe the colocalization of Spry2 with the plasma membrane and tubulin. The results showed that PTX-concurrent radiotherapy could aggravate fibrotic lesions in RIPF, downregulate the content of membrane Spry2, and upregulate the levels of p-c-Raf and p-ERK in lung tissue. It was found that knockdown of Spry2 in fibroblast abolished the upregulation of p-c-Raf and p-ERK by PTX. Both co-IP results and immunofluorescence staining showed that PTX increased the binding of Spry2 to tubulin, and microtubule depolymerizing agents could abolish PTX's inhibition of Spry2 membrane distribution and inhibit PTX's upregulation of Raf/ERK signaling. Both nintedanib and ERK inhibitor were effective in relieving PTX-exacerbated RIPF. Taken together, the mechanism of PTX's aggravating RIPF was related to its ability to enhance Spry2's binding to tubulin, thus attenuating Spry2's negative regulation on Raf/ERK pathway. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study revealed that paclitaxel (PTX) concurrent radiation therapy exacerbates radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis during the treatment of thoracic tumors, which is associated with PTX restraining Spry2 and upregulating the Raf/extracellular signal regulated kinase signaling pathway, and provided drug targets for mitigating this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxing Zheng
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China (J.Z.); Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China (J.W., J.H.); School of Pharmacy (L.X., Y.H., C.C.) and Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology (C.C.), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; and Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian higher education institutions, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China (J.H.)
| | - Jiandong Wu
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China (J.Z.); Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China (J.W., J.H.); School of Pharmacy (L.X., Y.H., C.C.) and Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology (C.C.), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; and Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian higher education institutions, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China (J.H.)
| | - Lingfeng Xie
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China (J.Z.); Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China (J.W., J.H.); School of Pharmacy (L.X., Y.H., C.C.) and Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology (C.C.), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; and Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian higher education institutions, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China (J.H.)
| | - Yihao Huang
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China (J.Z.); Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China (J.W., J.H.); School of Pharmacy (L.X., Y.H., C.C.) and Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology (C.C.), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; and Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian higher education institutions, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China (J.H.)
| | - Jinsheng Hong
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China (J.Z.); Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China (J.W., J.H.); School of Pharmacy (L.X., Y.H., C.C.) and Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology (C.C.), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; and Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian higher education institutions, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China (J.H.)
| | - Chun Chen
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China (J.Z.); Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China (J.W., J.H.); School of Pharmacy (L.X., Y.H., C.C.) and Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology (C.C.), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; and Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian higher education institutions, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China (J.H.)
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2
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Bertho A, Ortiz R, Maurin M, Juchaux M, Gilbert C, Espenon J, Ramasamy G, Patriarca A, De Marzi L, Pouzoulet F, Prezado Y. Thoracic Proton Minibeam Radiation Therapy: Tissue Preservation and Survival Advantage Over Conventional Proton Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024:S0360-3016(24)00510-8. [PMID: 38621606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Proton minibeam radiation therapy (pMBRT) is an innovative radiation therapy approach that highly modulates the spatial dimension of the dose delivery using narrow, parallel, and submillimetric proton beamlets. pMBRT has proven its remarkable healthy tissue preservation in the brain and skin. This study assesses the potential advantages of pMBRT for thoracic irradiations compared with conventional radiation therapy in terms of normal tissue toxicity. The challenge here was the influence of respiratory motion on the typical peak and valley dose patterns of pMBRT and its potential biologic effect. METHODS AND MATERIALS The whole thorax of naïve C57BL/6 mice received one fraction of high dose (18 Gy) pMBRT or conventional proton therapy (CPT) without any respiratory control. The development of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis was longitudinally monitored using cone beam computed tomography. Anatomopathologic analysis was carried out at 9 months postirradiation and focused on the reaction of the lungs' parenchyma and the response of cell types involved in the development of radiation-induced fibrosis and lung regeneration as alveolar type II epithelial cells, club cells, and macrophages. RESULTS pMBRT has milder effects on survival, skin reactions, and lung fibrosis compared with CPT. The pMBRT-induced lung changes were more regional and less severe, with evidence of potential reactive proliferation of alveolar type II epithelial cells and less extensive depletion of club cells and macrophage invasion than the more damaging effects observed in CPT. CONCLUSIONS pMBRT appears suitable to treat moving targets, holding a significant ability to preserve healthy lung tissue, even without respiratory control or precise targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaïg Bertho
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Ramon Ortiz
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Mathieu Maurin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Marjorie Juchaux
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Cristèle Gilbert
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Julie Espenon
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Gabriel Ramasamy
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Département de Recherche Translationnelle, CurieCoreTech-Experimental Radiation therapy (RadeXp), Paris, France
| | - Annalisa Patriarca
- Centre de Protonthérapie d'Orsay, Radiation Oncology Department, Campus Universitaire, Institut Curie, PSL University, Orsay, France
| | - Ludovic De Marzi
- Centre de Protonthérapie d'Orsay, Radiation Oncology Department, Campus Universitaire, Institut Curie, PSL University, Orsay, France; Institut Curie, Campus Universitaire, PSL University, University Paris Saclay, INSERM, Orsay
| | - Frédéric Pouzoulet
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Département de Recherche Translationnelle, CurieCoreTech-Experimental Radiation therapy (RadeXp), Paris, France; Institut Curie, PSL University, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France
| | - Yolanda Prezado
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France.
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Cassatt DR, Winters TA, PrabhuDas M. Immune Dysfunction from Radiation Exposure. Radiat Res 2023; 200:389-395. [PMID: 37702416 PMCID: PMC10599297 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00197.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation causes acute damage and loss of bone marrow and peripheral immune cells that can result in high mortality due to reduced resistance to infections and hemorrhage. Besides these acute effects, tissue damage from radiation can trigger inflammatory responses, leading to progressive and chronic tissue damage by radiation-induced loss of immune cell types that are required for resolving tissue injuries. Understanding the mechanisms involved in radiation-induced immune system injury and repair will provide new insights for developing medical countermeasures that help restore immune homeostasis. For these reasons, The Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP) and the Basic Immunology Branch (BIB) under the Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation (DAIT) within the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) convened a two-day workshop, along with partners from the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), and the Radiation Injury Treatment Network (RITN). This workshop, titled "Immune Dysfunction from Radiation Exposure," was held virtually on September 9-10, 2020; this Commentary provides a high-level overview of what was discussed at the meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Cassatt
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Thomas A. Winters
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Mercy PrabhuDas
- Basic Immunology Branch (BIB), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
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Hollingsworth BA, Aldrich JT, Case CM, DiCarlo AL, Hoffman CM, Jakubowski AA, Liu Q, Loelius SG, PrabhuDas M, Winters TA, Cassatt DR. Immune Dysfunction from Radiation Exposure. Radiat Res 2023; 200:396-416. [PMID: 38152282 PMCID: PMC10751071 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00004.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The hematopoietic system is highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. Damage to the immune system may result in opportunistic infections and hemorrhage, which could lead to mortality. Inflammation triggered by tissue damage can also lead to additional local or widespread tissue damage. The immune system is responsible for tissue repair and restoration, which is made more challenging when it is in the process of self-recovery. Because of these challenges, the Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP) and the Basic Immunology Branch (BIB) under the Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation (DAIT) within the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), along with partners from the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), and the Radiation Injury Treatment Network (RITN) sponsored a two-day meeting titled Immune Dysfunction from Radiation Exposure held on September 9-10, 2020. The intent was to discuss the manifestations and mechanisms of radiation-induced immune dysfunction in people and animals, identify knowledge gaps, and discuss possible treatments to restore immune function and enhance tissue repair after irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brynn A. Hollingsworth
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
- Current address: Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland
| | | | - Cullen M. Case
- Radiation Injury Treatment Network, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Andrea L. DiCarlo
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Corey M. Hoffman
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR), Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Washington, DC
| | | | - Qian Liu
- Basic Immunology Branch (BIB), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Shannon G. Loelius
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR), Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Washington, DC
| | - Mercy PrabhuDas
- Basic Immunology Branch (BIB), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Thomas A. Winters
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - David R. Cassatt
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
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5
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Kuo HC, Daniel AR, Driver LM, Lee CL, Kirsch DG. Histological assessment of intestinal injury by ionizing radiation. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 180:147-175. [PMID: 37890927 PMCID: PMC10755726 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Given the potential risk of radiological terrorism and disasters, it is essential to develop plans to prepare for such events. In these hazardous scenarios, radiation-induced gastrointestinal (GI) syndrome is one of the many manifestations that may happen after the organism is exposed to a lethal dose of ionizing radiation. Therefore, it is critical to better understand how the intestinal tissues initiate and orchestrate regeneration following severe radiation injury. In this chapter, we aimed to provide several key considerations for researchers who utilize histological assessment to study radiation-induced intestinal injury. Rigor and reproducibility are critical in experimental design and can be achieved by maintaining proper radiation administration, maintaining consistency in sample collection, and selecting and using appropriate controls. We also provided technical details of histological preparation of the intestines with tips on dissecting, cleaning, fixing, and preserving. Step-by-step descriptions of both bundling and Swiss rolling are provided with discussion on how to choose between the two approaches. In the following section, we detailed several histological assessment methods and then provided suggestions on how to use histological assessment to study cellular dynamics in the small intestines. Finally, we touched on some non-histological assessments. We hope that the information provided in this chapter will contribute to the research society of radiation-induced intestinal injury with an ultimate goal of promoting the development of radiation countermeasures against the GI acute radiation syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Cheng Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Andrea R Daniel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Lucy M Driver
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Chang-Lung Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - David G Kirsch
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.
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Andruska N, Schlaak RA, Frei A, Schottstaedt AM, Lin CY, Fish BL, Gasperetti T, Mpoy C, Pipke JL, Pedersen LN, Flister MJ, Javaheri A, Bergom C. Differences in radiation-induced heart dysfunction in male versus female rats. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1096-1108. [PMID: 36971580 PMCID: PMC10431914 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2194404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation therapy remains part of the standard of care for breast, lung, and esophageal cancers. While radiotherapy improves local control and survival, radiation-induced heart dysfunction is a common side effect of thoracic radiotherapy. Cardiovascular dysfunction can also result from non-therapeutic total body radiation exposures. Numerous studies have evaluated the relationship between radiation dose to the heart and cardiotoxicity, but relatively little is known about whether there are differences based on biological sex in radiation-induced heart dysfunction (RIHD). MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated whether male and female inbred Dahl SS rats display differences in RIHD following delivery of 24 Gy in a single fraction to the whole heart using a 1.5 cm beam size (collimater). We also compared the 2.0 cm vs. 1.5 cm collimator in males. Pleural and pericardial effusions and normalized heart weights were measured, and echocardiograms were performed. RESULTS Female SS rats displayed more severe RIHD relative to age-matched SS male rats. Normalized heart weight was significantly increased in females, but not in males. A total of 94% (15/16) of males and 55% (6/11) of females survived 5 months after completion of radiotherapy (p < .01). Among surviving rats, 100% of females and 14% of males developed moderate-to-severe pericardial effusions at 5 months. Females demonstrated increased pleural effusions, with the mean normalized pleural fluid volume for females and males being 56.6 mL/kg ± 12.1 and 10.96 mL/kg ± 6.4 in males (p = .001), respectively. Echocardiogram findings showed evidence of heart failure, which was more pronounced in females. Because age-matched female rats have smaller lungs, a higher percentage of the total lung was treated with radiation in females than males using the same beam size. After using a larger 2 cm beam in males which results in higher lung exposure, there was not a significant difference between males and females in terms of the development of moderate-to-severe pericardial effusions or pleural effusions. Treatment of males with a 2 cm beam resulted in comparable increases in LV mass and reductions in stroke volume to female rats treated with a 1.5 cm beam. CONCLUSION Together, these results illustrate that there are differences in radiation-induced cardiotoxicity between male and female SS rats and add to the data that lung radiation doses, in addition to other factors, may play an important role in cardiac dysfunction following heart radiation exposure. These factors may be important to factor into future mitigation studies of radiation-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal Andruska
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Rachel A. Schlaak
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Anne Frei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Chieh-Yu Lin
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Brian L. Fish
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Tracy Gasperetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Cedric Mpoy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Jamie L. Pipke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Lauren N. Pedersen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael J. Flister
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ali Javaheri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Carmen Bergom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
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7
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Gibbs A, Gupta P, Mali B, Poirier Y, Gopalakrishnan M, Newman D, Zodda A, Down JD, Serebrenik AA, Kaytor MD, Jackson IL. A C57L/J Mouse Model of the Delayed Effects of Acute Radiation Exposure in the Context of Evolving Multi-Organ Dysfunction and Failure after Total-Body Irradiation with 2.5% Bone Marrow Sparing. Radiat Res 2023; 199:319-335. [PMID: 36857032 PMCID: PMC10289057 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00178.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to establish a mouse model of acute radiation syndrome (ARS) after total-body irradiation with 2.5% bone marrow sparing (TBI/BM2.5) that progressed to the delayed effects of acute radiation exposure, specifically pneumonitis and/or pulmonary fibrosis (DEARE-lung), in animals surviving longer than 60 days. Two hundred age and sex matched C57L/J mice were assigned to one of six arms to receive a dose of 9.5 to 13.25 Gy of 320 kV X-ray TBI/BM2.5. A sham-irradiated cohort was included as an age- and sex-matched control. Blood was sampled from the facial vein prior to irradiation and on days 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 postirradiation for hematology. Respiratory function was monitored at regular intervals throughout the in-life phase. Animals with respiratory dysfunction were administered a single 12-day tapered regimen of dexamethasone, allometrically scaled from a similar regimen in the non-human primate. All animals were monitored daily for up to 224 days postirradiation for signs of organ dysfunction and morbidity/mortality. At euthanasia due to criteria or at the study endpoint, wet lung weights were recorded, and blood sampled for hematology and serum chemistry. The left lung, heart, spleen, small and large intestine, and kidneys were processed for histopathology. A dose-response curve with the estimated lethal dose for 10-99% of animals with 95% confidence intervals was established. The median survival time was significantly prolonged in males as compared to females across the 10.25 to 12.5 Gy dose range. Animal sex played a significant role in overall survival, with males 50% less likely to expire prior to the study endpoint compared to females. All animals developed pancytopenia within the first one- to two-weeks after TBI/BM2.5 followed by a progressive recovery through day 30. Fourteen percent of animals expired during the first 30-days postirradiation due to ARS (e.g., myelosuppression, gastrointestinal tissue abnormalities), with most deaths occurring prior to day 15. Microscopic findings show the presence of radiation pneumonitis as early as day 57. At time points later than day 70, pneumonitis was consistently present in the lungs of mice and the severity was comparable across radiation dose arms. Pulmonary fibrosis was first noted at day 64 but was not consistently present and stable in severity until after day 70. Fibrosis was comparable across radiation dose arms. In conclusion, this study established a multiple organ injury mouse model that progresses through the ARS phase to DEARE-lung, characterized by respiratory dysfunction, and microscopic abnormalities consistent with radiation pneumonitis/fibrosis. The model provides a platform for future development of medical countermeasures for approval and licensure by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration under the animal rule regulatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Gibbs
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Pawan Gupta
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Buddha Mali
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Yannick Poirier
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Mathangi Gopalakrishnan
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Diana Newman
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Andrew Zodda
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Julian D. Down
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Winters TA, Cassatt DR, Harrison-Peters JR, Hollingsworth BA, Rios CI, Satyamitra MM, Taliaferro LP, DiCarlo AL. Considerations of Medical Preparedness to Assess and Treat Various Populations During a Radiation Public Health Emergency. Radiat Res 2023; 199:301-318. [PMID: 36656560 PMCID: PMC10120400 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00148.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
During a radiological or nuclear public health emergency, given the heterogeneity of civilian populations, it is incumbent on medical response planners to understand and prepare for a potentially high degree of interindividual variability in the biological effects of radiation exposure. A part of advanced planning should include a comprehensive approach, in which the range of possible human responses in relation to the type of radiation expected from an incident has been thoughtfully considered. Although there are several reports addressing the radiation response for special populations (as compared to the standard 18-45-year-old male), the current review surveys published literature to assess the level of consideration given to differences in acute radiation responses in certain sub-groups. The authors attempt to bring clarity to the complex nature of human biology in the context of radiation to facilitate a path forward for radiation medical countermeasure (MCM) development that may be appropriate and effective in special populations. Consequently, the focus is on the medical (as opposed to logistical) aspects of preparedness and response. Populations identified for consideration include obstetric, pediatric, geriatric, males, females, individuals of different race/ethnicity, and people with comorbidities. Relevant animal models, biomarkers of radiation injury, and MCMs are highlighted, in addition to underscoring gaps in knowledge and the need for consistent and early inclusion of these populations in research. The inclusion of special populations in preclinical and clinical studies is essential to address shortcomings and is an important consideration for radiation public health emergency response planning. Pursuing this goal will benefit the population at large by considering those at greatest risk of health consequences after a radiological or nuclear mass casualty incident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Winters
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - David R Cassatt
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Jenna R Harrison-Peters
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Brynn A Hollingsworth
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Carmen I Rios
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Merriline M Satyamitra
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Lanyn P Taliaferro
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Andrea L DiCarlo
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
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9
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Thakur P, Olson JD, Dugan GO, Daniel Bourland J, Kock ND, Mark Cline J. Quantitative Assessment and Comparative Analysis of Longitudinal Lung CT Scans of Chest-Irradiated Nonhuman Primates. Radiat Res 2023; 199:39-47. [PMID: 36394559 PMCID: PMC9987082 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00225.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) imaging has been used to diagnose radiation-induced lung injury for decades. However, histogram-based quantitative tools have rarely been applied to assess lung abnormality due to radiation-induced lung injury (RILI). Here, we used first-order summary statistics to derive and assess threshold measures extracted from whole lung histograms of CT radiodensity in rhesus macaques. For the present study, CT scans of animals exposed to 10 Gy of whole thorax irradiation were utilized from a previous study spanning 2-9 months postirradiation. These animals were grouped into survivors and non-survivors based on their clinical and experimental endpoints. We quantified the change in lung attenuation after irradiation relative to baseline using three density parameters; average lung density (ALD), percent change in hyper-dense lung volume (PCHV), hyperdense volume as a percent of total volume (PCHV/TV) at 2-month intervals and compared each parameter between the two irradiated groups (non-survivors and survivors). We also correlated our results with histological findings. All the three indices (ALD, PCHV, PCHV/TV) obtained from density histograms showed a significant increase in lung injury in non-survivors relative to survivors, with PCHV relatively more sensitive to detect early RILI changes. We observed a significant positive correlation between histologic pneumonitis scores and each of the three CT measurements, indicating that CT density is useful as a surrogate for histologic disease severity in RILI. CT-based three density parameters, ALD, PCHV, PCHV/TV, may serve as surrogates for likely histopathology patterns in future studies of RILI disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Thakur
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1040
| | - John D. Olson
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1040
| | - Gregory O Dugan
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1040
| | - J. Daniel Bourland
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1040
| | - Nancy D. Kock
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1040
| | - J. Mark Cline
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1040
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10
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Chung EJ, Kwon S, Shankavaram U, White AO, Das S, Citrin DE. Natural variation in macrophage polarization and function impact pneumocyte senescence and susceptibility to fibrosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:7692-7717. [PMID: 36173617 PMCID: PMC9596223 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF), a late adverse event of radiation therapy, is characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells, progressive loss of alveolar structure, secondary to the loss of pneumocytes and accumulation of collagenous extracellular matrix, and senescence of alveolar stem cells. Differential susceptibility to lung injury from radiation and other toxic insults across mouse strains is well described but poorly understood. The accumulation of alternatively activated macrophages (M2) has previously been implicated in the progression of lung fibrosis. Using fibrosis prone strain (C57L), a fibrosis-resistant strain (C3H/HeN), and a strain with intermediate susceptibility (C57BL6/J), we demonstrate that the accumulation of M2 macrophages correlates with the manifestation of fibrosis. A comparison of primary macrophages derived from each strain identified phenotypic and functional differences, including differential expression of NADPH Oxidase 2 and production of superoxide in response to M2 polarization and activation. Further, the sensitivity of primary AECII to senescence after coculture with M2 macrophages was strain dependent and correlated to observations of sensitivity to fibrosis and senescence in vivo. Taken together, these data support that the relative susceptibility of different strains to RIPF is closely related to distinct senescence responses induced through pulmonary M2 macrophages after thoracic irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Chung
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Seokjoo Kwon
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Uma Shankavaram
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ayla O White
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shaoli Das
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Deborah E Citrin
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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11
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Yu J, Tu W, Payne A, Rudyk C, Cuadros Sanchez S, Khilji S, Kumarathasan P, Subedi S, Haley B, Wong A, Anghel C, Wang Y, Chauhan V. Adverse Outcome Pathways and Linkages to Transcriptomic Effects Relevant to Ionizing Radiation Injury. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1789-1801. [PMID: 35939063 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2110313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past three decades, a large body of data on the effects of exposure to ionizing radiation and the ensuing changes in gene expression has been generated. These data have allowed for an understanding of molecular-level events and shown a level of consistency in response despite the vast formats and experimental procedures being used across institutions. However, clarity on how this information may inform strategies for health risk assessment needs to be explored. An approach to bridge this gap is the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework. AOPs represent an illustrative framework characterizing a stressor associated with a sequential set of causally linked key events (KEs) at different levels of biological organization, beginning with a molecular initiating event (MIE) and culminating in an adverse outcome (AO). Here, we demonstrate the interpretation of transcriptomic datasets in the context of the AOP framework within the field of ionizing radiation by using a lung cancer AOP (AOP 272: https://www.aopwiki.org/aops/272) as a case example. METHODS Through the mining of the literature, radiation exposure-related transcriptomic studies in line with AOP 272 related to lung cancer, DNA damage response, and repair were identified. The differentially expressed genes within relevant studies were collated and subjected to the pathway and network analysis using Reactome and GeneMANIA platforms. Identified pathways were filtered (p < 0.001, ≥ 3 genes) and categorized based on relevance to KEs in the AOP. Gene connectivities were identified and further grouped by gene expression-informed associated events (AEs). Relevant quantitative dose-response data were used to inform the directionality in the expression of the genes in the network across AEs. RESULTS Reactome analyses identified 7 high-level biological processes with multiple pathways and associated genes that mapped to potential KEs in AOP 272. The gene connectivities were further represented as a network of AEs with associated expression profiles that highlighted patterns of gene expression levels. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the application of transcriptomics data in AOP development and provides information on potential data gaps. Although the approach is new and anticipated to evolve, it shows promise for improving the understanding of underlying mechanisms of disease progression with a long-term vision to be predictive of adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihang Yu
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wangshu Tu
- Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Chris Rudyk
- Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Brittany Haley
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alicia Wong
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada.,McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Yi Wang
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Pejchal J, Tichy A, Kmochova A, Fikejzlova L, Kubelkova K, Milanova M, Lierova A, Filipova A, Muckova L, Cizkova J. Mitigation of Ionizing Radiation-Induced Gastrointestinal Damage by Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:663855. [PMID: 35847048 PMCID: PMC9277384 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.663855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) stimulates epithelial regeneration but may also induce life-threatening hypoglycemia. In our study, we first assessed its safety. Subsequently, we examined the effect of IGF-1 administered in different dose regimens on gastrointestinal damage induced by high doses of gamma radiation. Material and methods: First, fasting C57BL/6 mice were injected subcutaneously with IGF-1 at a single dose of 0, 0.2, 1, and 2 mg/kg to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). The glycemic effect of MTD (1 mg/kg) was additionally tested in non-fasting animals. Subsequently, a survival experiment was performed. Animals were irradiated (60Co; 14, 14.5, or 15 Gy; shielded head), and IGF-1 was administered subcutaneously at 1 mg/kg 1, 24, and 48 h after irradiation. Simultaneously, mice were irradiated (60Co; 12, 14, or 15 Gy; shielded head), and IGF-1 was administered subcutaneously under the same regimen. Jejunum and lung damage were assessed 84 h after irradiation. Finally, we evaluated the effect of six different IGF-1 dosage regimens administered subcutaneously on gastrointestinal damage and peripheral blood changes in mice 6 days after irradiation (60Co; 12 and 14 Gy; shielded head). The regimens differed in the number of doses (one to five doses) and the onset of administration (starting at 1 [five regimens] or 24 h [one regimen] after irradiation). Results: MTD was established at 1 mg/kg. MTD mitigated lethality induced by 14 Gy and reduced jejunum and lung damage caused by 12 and 14 Gy. However, different dosing regimens showed different efficacy, with three and four doses (administered 1, 24, and 48 h and 1, 24, 48, and 72 h after irradiation, respectively) being the most effective. The three-dose regimens supported intestinal regeneration even if the administration started at 24 h after irradiation, but its potency decreased. Conclusion: IGF-1 seems promising in the mitigation of high-dose irradiation damage. However, the selected dosage regimen affects its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Pejchal
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ales Tichy
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Brno, Czechia
| | - Adela Kmochova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lenka Fikejzlova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Brno, Czechia
| | - Klara Kubelkova
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marcela Milanova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Brno, Czechia
| | - Anna Lierova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Brno, Czechia
| | - Alzbeta Filipova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lubica Muckova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jana Cizkova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Brno, Czechia
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13
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Huang W, Yu J, Liu T, Defnet AE, Zalesak S, Farese AM, MacVittie TJ, Kane MA. Acute Proteomic Changes in Lung after Radiation: Toward Identifying Initiating Events of Delayed Effects of Acute Radiation Exposure in Non-human Primate after Partial Body Irradiation with Minimal Bone Marrow Sparing. HEALTH PHYSICS 2021; 121:384-394. [PMID: 34546219 PMCID: PMC8546870 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Radiation-induced lung injury is a delayed effect of acute radiation exposure resulting in pulmonary pneumonitis and fibrosis. Molecular mechanisms that lead to radiation-induced lung injury remain incompletely understood. Using a non-human primate model of partial body irradiation with minimal bone marrow sparing, lung was analyzed from animals irradiated with 12 Gy at timepoints every 4 d up to 21 d after irradiation and compared to non-irradiated (sham) controls. Tryptic digests of lung tissues were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry followed by pathway analysis. Out of the 3,101 unique proteins that were identified, we found that 252 proteins showed significant and consistent responses across at least three time points post-irradiation, of which 215 proteins showed strong up-regulation while 37 proteins showed down-regulation. Canonical pathways affected by irradiation, changes in proteins that serve as upstream regulators, and proteins involved in key processes including inflammation, fibrosis, and retinoic acid signaling were identified. The proteomic profiling of lung conducted here represents an untargeted systems biology approach to identify acute molecular events in the non-human primate lung that could potentially be initiating events for radiation-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Huang
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jianshi Yu
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tian Liu
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy E Defnet
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie Zalesak
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ann M. Farese
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Thomas J. MacVittie
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Maureen A Kane
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA
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14
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Boerma M, Davis CM, Jackson IL, Schaue D, Williams JP. All for one, though not one for all: team players in normal tissue radiobiology. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:346-366. [PMID: 34129427 PMCID: PMC8781287 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1941383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE As part of the special issue on 'Women in Science', this review offers a perspective on past and ongoing work in the field of normal (non-cancer) tissue radiation biology, highlighting the work of many of the leading contributors to this field of research. We discuss some of the hypotheses that have guided investigations, with a focus on some of the critical organs considered dose-limiting with respect to radiation therapy, and speculate on where the field needs to go in the future. CONCLUSIONS The scope of work that makes up normal tissue radiation biology has and continues to play a pivotal role in the radiation sciences, ensuring the most effective application of radiation in imaging and therapy, as well as contributing to radiation protection efforts. However, despite the proven historical value of preclinical findings, recent decades have seen clinical practice move ahead with altered fractionation scheduling based on empirical observations, with little to no (or even negative) supporting scientific data. Given our current appreciation of the complexity of normal tissue radiation responses and their temporal variability, with tissue- and/or organ-specific mechanisms that include intra-, inter- and extracellular messaging, as well as contributions from systemic compartments, such as the immune system, the need to maintain a positive therapeutic ratio has never been more urgent. Importantly, mitigation and treatment strategies, whether for the clinic, emergency use following accidental or deliberate releases, or reducing occupational risk, will likely require multi-targeted approaches that involve both local and systemic intervention. From our personal perspective as five 'Women in Science', we would like to acknowledge and applaud the role that many female scientists have played in this field. We stand on the shoulders of those who have gone before, some of whom are fellow contributors to this special issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Boerma
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Catherine M. Davis
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Isabel L. Jackson
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dörthe Schaue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline P. Williams
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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15
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DiCarlo AL, Perez Horta Z, Rios CI, Satyamitra MM, Taliaferro LP, Cassatt DR. Study logistics that can impact medical countermeasure efficacy testing in mouse models of radiation injury. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 97:S151-S167. [PMID: 32909878 PMCID: PMC7987915 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1820599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To address confounding issues that have been noted in planning and conducting studies to identify biomarkers of radiation injury, develop animal models to simulate these injuries, and test potential medical countermeasures to mitigate/treat damage caused by radiation exposure. METHODS The authors completed an intensive literature search to address several key areas that should be considered before embarking on studies to assess efficacy of medical countermeasure approaches in mouse models of radiation injury. These considerations include: (1) study variables; (2) animal selection criteria; (3) animal husbandry; (4) medical management; and (5) radiation attributes. RESULTS It is important to select mouse strains that are capable of responding to the selected radiation exposure (e.g. genetic predispositions might influence radiation sensitivity and proclivity to certain phenotypes of radiation injury), and that also react in a manner similar to humans. Gender, vendor, age, weight, and even seasonal variations are all important factors to consider. In addition, the housing and husbandry of the animals (i.e. feed, environment, handling, time of day of irradiation and animal restraint), as well as the medical management provided (e.g. use of acidified water, antibiotics, routes of administration of drugs, consideration of animal numbers, and euthanasia criteria) should all be addressed. Finally, the radiation exposure itself should be tightly controlled, by ensuring a full understanding and reporting of the radiation source, dose and dose rate, shielding and geometry of exposure, while also providing accurate dosimetry. It is important to understand how all the above factors contribute to the development of radiation dose response curves for a given animal facility with a well-defined murine model. CONCLUSIONS Many potential confounders that could impact the outcomes of studies to assess efficacy of a medical countermeasure for radiation-induced injuries are addressed, and recommendations are made to assist investigators in carrying out research that is robust, reproducible, and accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L DiCarlo
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Zulmarie Perez Horta
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Carmen I Rios
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Merriline M Satyamitra
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Lanyn P Taliaferro
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - David R Cassatt
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
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16
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Śliwińska-Mossoń M, Wadowska K, Trembecki Ł, Bil-Lula I. Markers Useful in Monitoring Radiation-Induced Lung Injury in Lung Cancer Patients: A Review. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10030072. [PMID: 32722546 PMCID: PMC7565537 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2018, lung cancer was the most common cancer and the most common cause of cancer death, accounting for a 1.76 million deaths. Radiotherapy (RT) is a widely used and effective non-surgical cancer treatment that induces remission in, and even cures, patients with lung cancer. However, RT faces some restrictions linked to the radioresistance and treatment toxicity, manifesting in radiation-induced lung injury (RILI). About 30–40% of lung cancer patients will develop RILI, which next to the local recurrence and distant metastasis is a substantial challenge to the successful management of lung cancer treatment. These data indicate an urgent need of looking for novel, precise biomarkers of individual response and risk of side effects in the course of RT. The aim of this review was to summarize both preclinical and clinical approaches in RILI monitoring that could be brought into clinical practice. Next to transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) that was reported as one of the most important growth factors expressed in the tissues after ionizing radiation (IR), there is a group of novel, potential biomarkers—microRNAs—that may be used as predictive biomarkers in therapy response and disease prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Śliwińska-Mossoń
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Haematology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Ś.-M.); (I.B.-L.)
| | - Katarzyna Wadowska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Haematology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Ś.-M.); (I.B.-L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Łukasz Trembecki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lower Silesian Oncology Center, pl. Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, pl. Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Bil-Lula
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Haematology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Ś.-M.); (I.B.-L.)
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17
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Lin Q, Johns RA. Resistin family proteins in pulmonary diseases. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L422-L434. [PMID: 32692581 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00040.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of resistin-like molecules (RELMs) consists of four members in rodents (RELMα/FIZZ1/HIMF, RELMβ/FIZZ2, Resistin/FIZZ3, and RELMγ/FIZZ4) and two members in humans (Resistin and RELMβ), all of which exhibit inflammation-regulating, chemokine, and growth factor properties. The importance of these cytokines in many aspects of physiology and pathophysiology, especially in cardiothoracic diseases, is rapidly evolving in the literature. In this review article, we attempt to summarize the contribution of RELM signaling to the initiation and progression of lung diseases, such as pulmonary hypertension, asthma/allergic airway inflammation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, fibrosis, cancers, infection, and other acute lung injuries. The potential of RELMs to be used as biomarkers or risk predictors of these diseases also will be discussed. Better understanding of RELM signaling in the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases may offer novel targets or approaches for the development of therapeutics to treat or prevent a variety of inflammation, tissue remodeling, and fibrosis-related disorders in respiratory, cardiovascular, and other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Roger A Johns
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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18
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de Leve S, Wirsdörfer F, Jendrossek V. Targeting the Immunomodulatory CD73/Adenosine System to Improve the Therapeutic Gain of Radiotherapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:698. [PMID: 31024543 PMCID: PMC6460721 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine is a potent endogenous immunosuppressive mediator critical to the maintenance of homeostasis in various normal tissues including the lung. Adenosine is either released from stressed or injured cells or generated from extracellular adenine nucleotides by the concerted action of the ectoenzymes ectoapyrase (CD39) and 5′ ectonucleotidase (CD73) that catabolize ATP to adenosine. An acute CD73-dependent increase of adenosine in normal tissues mostly exerts tissue protective functions whereas chronically increased adenosine-levels in tissues exposed to DNA damaging chemotherapy or radiotherapy promote pathologic remodeling processes and fibrosis for example in the skin and the lung. Importantly, cancer cells also express CD73 and high CD73 expression in the tumor tissue has been linked to poor overall survival and recurrence free survival in patients suffering from breast and ovarian cancer. CD73 and adenosine support growth-promoting neovascularization, metastasis, and survival in cancer cells. In addition, adenosine can promote tumor intrinsic or therapy-induced immune escape by various mechanisms that dampen the immune system. Consequently, modulating CD73 or cancer-derived adenosine in the tumor microenvironment emerges as an attractive novel therapeutic strategy to limit tumor progression, improve antitumor immune responses, avoid therapy-induced immune deviation, and potentially limit normal tissue toxicity. However, the role of CD73/adenosine signaling in the tumor and normal tissue responses to radiotherapy and its use as therapeutic target to improve the outcome of radiotherapy approaches is less understood. The present review will highlight the dual role of CD73 and adenosine in tumor and tissue responses to radiotherapy with a special focus to the lung. It will also discuss the potential benefits and risks of pharmacologic modulation of the CD73/adenosine system to increase the therapeutic gain of radiotherapy or combined radioimmunotherapy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone de Leve
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Florian Wirsdörfer
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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19
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Huang W, Yu J, Jones JW, Carter CL, Jackson IL, Vujaskovic Z, MacVittie TJ, Kane MA. Acute Proteomic Changes in the Lung After WTLI in a Mouse Model: Identification of Potential Initiating Events for Delayed Effects of Acute Radiation Exposure. HEALTH PHYSICS 2019; 116:503-515. [PMID: 30652977 PMCID: PMC6384149 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury is a delayed effect of acute radiation exposure resulting in pulmonary pneumonitis and fibrosis. Molecular mechanisms that lead to radiation-induced lung injury remain incompletely understood. Using a murine model of whole-thorax lung irradiation, C57BL/6J mice were irradiated at 8, 10, 12, and 14 Gy and assayed at day 1, 3, and 6 postexposure and compared to nonirradiated (sham) controls. Tryptic digests of lung tissues were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry on a Waters nanoLC instrument coupled to a Thermo Scientific Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer. Pathway and gene ontology analysis were performed with Qiagen Ingenuity, Panther GO, and DAVID databases. A number of trends were identified in the proteomic data, including protein changes greater than 10 fold, protein changes that were consistently up regulated or down regulated at all time points and dose levels interrogated, time and dose dependency of protein changes, canonical pathways affected by irradiation, changes in proteins that serve as upstream regulators, and proteins involved in key processes including inflammation, radiation, and retinoic acid signaling. The proteomic profiling conducted here represents an untargeted systems biology approach to identify acute molecular events that could potentially be initiating events for radiation-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Huang
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jianshi Yu
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jace W. Jones
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD
| | - Claire L. Carter
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD
| | - I. Lauren Jackson
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD
| | - Zeljko Vujaskovic
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD
| | - Thomas J. MacVittie
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore, MD
- Correspondence: Maureen A. Kane, Ph.D., University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20 N. Pine Street, Room 723, Baltimore, MD 21201, Phone: (410) 706-5097, Fax: (410) 706-0886,
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20
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Jackson IL, Baye F, Goswami CP, Katz BP, Zodda A, Pavlovic R, Gurung G, Winans D, Vujaskovic Z. Gene expression profiles among murine strains segregate with distinct differences in the progression of radiation-induced lung disease. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:425-437. [PMID: 28130353 PMCID: PMC5399570 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.028217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms underlying development of acute pneumonitis and/or late fibrosis following thoracic irradiation remain poorly understood. Here, we hypothesize that heterogeneity in disease progression and phenotypic expression of radiation-induced lung disease (RILD) across murine strains presents an opportunity to better elucidate mechanisms driving tissue response toward pneumonitis and/or fibrosis. Distinct differences in disease progression were observed in age- and sex-matched CBA/J, C57L/J and C57BL/6J mice over 1 year after graded doses of whole-thorax lung irradiation (WTLI). Separately, comparison of gene expression profiles in lung tissue 24 h post-exposure demonstrated >5000 genes to be differentially expressed (P<0.01; >twofold change) between strains with early versus late onset of disease. An immediate divergence in early tissue response between radiation-sensitive and -resistant strains was observed. In pneumonitis-prone C57L/J mice, differentially expressed genes were enriched in proinflammatory pathways, whereas in fibrosis-prone C57BL/6J mice, genes were enriched in pathways involved in purine and pyrimidine synthesis, DNA replication and cell division. At 24 h post-WTLI, different patterns of cellular damage were observed at the ultrastructural level among strains but microscopic damage was not yet evident under light microscopy. These data point toward a fundamental difference in patterns of early pulmonary tissue response to WTLI, consistent with the macroscopic expression of injury manifesting weeks to months after exposure. Understanding the mechanisms underlying development of RILD might lead to more rational selection of therapeutic interventions to mitigate healthy tissue damage. Summary: Rational mouse model selection is crucial for identifying new therapeutic targets and screening medical interventions in acute pneumonitis and/or late fibrosis following thoracic irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel L Jackson
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Fitsum Baye
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine and Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chirayu P Goswami
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Molecular and Genomic Pathology Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Barry P Katz
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine and Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Andrew Zodda
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Radmila Pavlovic
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Ganga Gurung
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Don Winans
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Zeljko Vujaskovic
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
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