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Hesketh SJ, Esser KA. The clockwork of champions: Influence of circadian biology on exercise performance. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 224:78-87. [PMID: 39168419 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Exercise physiology and circadian biology are distinct and long-standing fields. Recently they have seen increased integration, largely due to the discovery of the molecular components of the circadian clock and recognition of human exercise performance differences over time-of-day. Circadian clocks, ubiquitous in cells, regulate a daily tissue specific program of gene expression that contribute to temporal patterns of physiological functions over a 24-h cycle. Understanding how circadian clock function in skeletal muscle, as well as other tissues contribute to exercise performance is still in the very early stages. This review provides background on this emerging field with a review of early exercise and time-of-day studies in both human and animals. We then move into the role of the circadian clock and its daily program of gene expression in skeletal muscle with a focus on specific metabolic and physiological outputs that vary over time-of-day. Lastly, we discuss the recognition that the timing of exercise communicates with the skeletal muscle circadian clock to adjust its phase settings and why this maybe important for performance and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Hesketh
- School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, 11 Victoria St, Preston, PR1 7DS, UK.
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, 1345 Centre Drive, Gainesville, FL, USA
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2
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Cuenoud B, Huang Z, Hartweg M, Widmaier M, Lim S, Wenz D, Xin L. Effect of circadian rhythm on NAD and other metabolites in human brain. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1285776. [PMID: 38028810 PMCID: PMC10665902 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1285776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) plays a central role in the master circadian clock of the brain (the suprachiasmatic nuclei, SCN) as demonstrated in many model organisms. NAD acts as an enzyme co-factor and substrate and its modulation was found to be tightly regulated to the periodicity of the cycles. However, in human brain, the effect of the circadian rhythm (CR) on the metabolism of the SCN and other brain regions is poorly understood. We conducted a magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) study at a high magnetic field, measuring the occipital brain NAD levels and other metabolites in two different morning and afternoon diurnal states in 25 healthy participants. Salivary cortisol levels were determined to confirm that the experiment was done in two chronologically different physiological conditions, and a behavioral test of risk-taking propensity was administered. Overall, we found that the CR did not significantly affect NAD levels in the occipital brain region. The other brain metabolites measured, including lactate, were not significantly affected by the CR either, except for taurine. The CR did impact risk-taking behavior and salivary cortisol level, confirming that the participants were in two circadian different behavioral and physiological states in the morning and in the afternoon. Measurement of the CR effect on NAD and taurine levels in other brain regions might provide stronger effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Cuenoud
- Research and Clinical Development, Nestlé Health Science, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mickael Hartweg
- Clinical Research Unit, Nestlé Research and Development, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mark Widmaier
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - SongI. Lim
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Wenz
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lijing Xin
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Garcia-Serrano AM, Vieira JPP, Fleischhart V, Duarte JMN. Taurine and N-acetylcysteine treatments prevent memory impairment and metabolite profile alterations in the hippocampus of high-fat diet-fed female mice. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:1090-1102. [PMID: 36222315 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2131062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Obesity constitutes a risk factor for cognitive impairment. In rodent models, long-term exposure to obesogenic diets leads to hippocampal taurine accumulation. Since taurine has putative cyto-protective effects, hippocampal taurine accumulation in obese and diabetic models might constitute a counteracting response to metabolic stress. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that treatment with taurine or with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which provides cysteine for the synthesis of taurine and glutathione, prevent high-fat diet (HFD)-associated hippocampal alterations and memory impairment. Methods: Female mice were fed either a regular diet or HFD. Some mice had access to 3%(w/v) taurine or 3%(w/v) NAC in the drinking water. After 2 months, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to measure metabolite profiles. Memory was assessed in novel object and novel location recognition tests. Results: HFD feeding caused memory impairment in both tests, and reduced concentration of lactate, phosphocreatine-to-creatine ratio, and the neuronal marker N-acetylaspartate in the hippocampus. Taurine and NAC prevented HFD-induced memory impairment and N-acetylaspartate reduction. NAC, but not taurine, prevented the reduction of lactate and phosphocreatine-to-creatine ratio. MRS revealed NAC/taurine-induced increase of hippocampal glutamate and GABA levels. Conclusion: NAC and taurine can prevent memory impairment, while only NAC prevents alterations of metabolite concentrations in HFD-exposed female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba M Garcia-Serrano
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joao P P Vieira
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Veronika Fleischhart
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - João M N Duarte
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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4
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Sun J, Guo F, Ran J, Wu H, Li Y, Wang M, Wang X. Bibliometric and Visual Analysis of Global Research on Taurine, Creatine, Carnosine, and Anserine with Metabolic Syndrome: From 1992 to 2022. Nutrients 2023; 15:3374. [PMID: 37571314 PMCID: PMC10420945 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Red meat and animal-sourced protein are often disparaged as risk factors for developing metabolic syndrome, while emerging research has shown the beneficial effects of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, and anserine which are all exclusively abundant in red meat. Thus, it is imperative to highlight the available evidence to help promote red meat as part of a well-balanced diet to optimize human health. In this study, a bibliometric analysis was conducted to investigate the current research status of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, and anserine with metabolic syndrome, identify research hotspots, and delineate developmental trends by utilizing the visualization software CiteSpace. A total of 1094 publications were retrieved via the Web of Science Core Collection from 1992 to 2022. There exists a gradual increase in the number of publications on this topic, but there is still much room for research papers to rise. The United States has participated in the most studies, followed by China and Japan. The University of Sao Paulo was the research institute contributing the most; Kyung Ja Chang and Sanya Roysommuti have been identified as the most prolific authors. The analysis of keywords reveals that obesity, lipid profiles, blood pressure, and glucose metabolism, as well as ergogenic aid and growth promoter have been the research hotspots. Inflammation and diabetic nephropathy will likely be frontiers of future research related to dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, and anserine. Overall, this paper may provide insights for researchers to further delve into this field and enlist the greater community to re-evaluate the health effects of red meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaru Sun
- Department of Nursing, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an 710061, China;
| | - Fang Guo
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Road, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China; (H.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jinjun Ran
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China;
| | - Haisheng Wu
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Road, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China; (H.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yang Li
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Road, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China; (H.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Mingxu Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Nursing, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an 710061, China;
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5
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Chen R, Ruan M, Chen S, Tian Y, Wang H, Li N, Zhang J, Yu X, Liu Z. Circadian dysregulation disrupts gut microbe-related bile acid metabolism. Food Nutr Res 2022. [DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v66.7653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Disturbance of circadian rhythm leads to abnormalities in bile acid (BA) and lipid metabolism, and it is of great significance to explore the relationship between them. This study explored the effects of circadian dysregulation on the rhythms of intestinal BA metabolism.
Method: Period circadian clock 1/period circadian clock 2 (Per1/Per2) double gene knockout (DKO) and wild-type (WT) male C57BL/6 mice were fed with a control or high-fat diet for 16 weeks. We measure plasma parameters of mice. Pathological changes including those in liver and intestine were detected by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and oil O staining. Western blot was used to detect the intestinal core rhythm protein clock circadian regulator (CLOCK), nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1 (REV-ERBα), Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), Small heterodimer partner (SHP), and Fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) expressions. We analyzed the bile acid and intestinal flora profile in the mice intestine tissues by BA-targeted metabolomics detection and high-throughput sequencing.
Results: Rhythmic chaos affected lipid metabolism and lipid accumulation in mice liver and intestine, and diurnal fluctuations of plasma triglycerides (TGs) were absent in normal-feeding DKO mice. The normal circadian fluctuations of the CLOCK and REV-ERBα observed in wild mice disappeared (normal diet) or were reversed (high-fat diet) in DKO mice. In WT mice intestine, total BA and conjugated BA were affected by circadian rhythm under both normal and high-fat diets, while these circadian fluctuations disappeared in DKO mice. Unconjugated BA seemed to be affected exclusively by diet (significantly increased in the high-fat group) without obvious fluctuations associated with circadian rhythm. Correlation analysis showed that the ratio of conjugated/unconjugated BA was positively correlated with the presence of Bacteroidetes and displayed a circadian rhythm. The expression levels of BA receptor pathway protein FXR, SHP, and FGF15 were affected by the ratio of conjugated/unconjugated BA.
Conclusion: Bacteroidetes-related diurnal changes to intestinal ratios of conjugated/unconjugated BA have the potential to regulate diurnal fluctuations in liver BA synthesis via FXR-FGF15. The inverted intestinal circadian rhythm observed in DKO mice fed with a high-fat diet may be an important reason for their abnormal circadian plasma TG rhythms and their susceptibility to lipid metabolism disorders.
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6
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Bae M, Ahmed K, Yim JE. Beneficial Effects of Taurine on Metabolic Parameters in Animals and Humans. J Obes Metab Syndr 2022; 31:134-146. [PMID: 35670160 PMCID: PMC9284575 DOI: 10.7570/jomes21088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a non-essential amino acid mainly obtained through diet in humans. Despite the lack of research on the health effects of taurine in animals and humans, it is widely used as a dietary supplement. Evidence from human and animal studies indicates that taurine is involved in conjugation of bile acids and regulation of blood pressure and has anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesogenic properties. Taurine can benefit both human and non-human animal health in multiple ways. However, few interventional and epidemiological studies regarding the beneficial impacts of taurine in humans and other animals have been conducted. Here, we review the evidence from animal and human studies showing that taurine protects against dyslipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Bae
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Senior Human Ecology, BK21, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea
| | - Kainat Ahmed
- Interdisciplinary Program in Senior Human Ecology, BK21, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Yim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Senior Human Ecology, BK21, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea
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7
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Wang J, Wang X, Liang Q, Li D, Li D, Guo Q. Transcriptome analysis of L-leucine-producing Corynebacterium glutamicum under the addition of trimethylglycine. Amino Acids 2021; 54:229-240. [PMID: 34837555 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It has been widely reported that the addition of trimethylglycine (betaine) decreases osmotic pressure inhibition for cell growth, leading to increased production of amino acids. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. To determine the global metabolic differences that occur under the addition of trimethylglycine, transcriptome analysis was performed. Transcriptome analysis of Corynebacterium glutamicum JL1211 revealed that 272 genes exhibited significant changes under trimethylglycine addition. We performed Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment pathway analyses on these differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Significantly upregulated genes were mainly involved in the regulation of ABC transporters, especially phosphate transporters and sulfur metabolism. The three phosphate transporter genes pstC, pstA and pstB were upregulated by 13.06-fold, 29.80-fold and 30.49-fold, respectively. Notably, the transcriptional levels of the cysD, cysN, cysH and sir genes were upregulated by 81.5-fold, 57.3-fold, 77.6-fold and 125.4-fold, respectively, consistent with assimilatory sulfate reduction under the addition of trimethylglycine. The upregulation of ilvBN and leuD genes might result in increased L-leucine formation. The data indicated changes in the transcriptome of C. glutamicum with trimethylglycine treatment, thus providing a mechanism supporting the application of trimethylglycine in the production of L-leucine and other amino acids by C. glutamicum strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Xuesong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Deheng Li
- Xinjiang Fufeng Biotechnologies Co., Urumqi, China
| | - Dawei Li
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qunqun Guo
- Tianjin Dexiang Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
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8
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Baliou S, Adamaki M, Ioannou P, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI, Christodoulou I, Spandidos DA, Kyriakopoulos AM, Zoumpourlis V. Ameliorative effect of taurine against diabetes and renal-associated disorders (Review). MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL 2021; 1:3. [PMID: 36699147 PMCID: PMC9855276 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2021.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
To develop novel therapeutic methods for both diabetic and renal disorders, scientists had initially focused on elucidating the molecular mechanisms of taurine in established cell lines and mouse models. Although a large amount of data have been revealed, taurine has been confirmed to be the next step of novel promising therapeutic interventions against diabetic disorders. Taurine appears to ameliorate diabetes 1-related complications in various organs through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-hormonal actions. In type 2 diabetes, taurine has been positively implicated in glucose homeostasis, exerting potent hypoglycemic, anti-obesity, hypotensive and hypolipidemic effects. Of particular interest is that taurine provides protection against renal dysfunction, including hypertension and proteinuria, specific glomerular and tubular disorders, acute and chronic renal conditions, and diabetic nephropathy. The ameliorative effects of taurine against renal disorders are based on its osmoregulatory properties, its association with signaling pathways and its association with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Further clinical studies are required to ensure the importance of research findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Baliou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Adamaki
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Ioannou
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Mihalis I. Panayiotidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics and Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus,Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis Christodoulou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece,Correspondence to: Dr Vassilis Zoumpourlis, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Konstantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
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9
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Díaz-Rizzolo DA, Miro A, Gomis R. Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes through Sardines Consumption: An Integrative Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1867565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana A. Díaz-Rizzolo
- Faculty of Health Science, Universitat Oberta De Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut dInvestigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS) – Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Primary Healthcare Transversal Research Group, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Miro
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut dInvestigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS) – Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Gomis
- Faculty of Health Science, Universitat Oberta De Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut dInvestigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS) – Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red De Diabetes Y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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A chronic low dosage of taurine induces muscle weakness in castrated-aged mice. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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11
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Herring Milt and Herring Milt Protein Hydrolysate Are Equally Effective in Improving Insulin Sensitivity and Pancreatic Beta-Cell Function in Diet-Induced Obese- and Insulin-Resistant Mice. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18120635. [PMID: 33322303 PMCID: PMC7763884 DOI: 10.3390/md18120635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although genetic predisposition influences the onset and progression of insulin resistance and diabetes, dietary nutrients are critical. In general, protein is beneficial relative to carbohydrate and fat but dependent on protein source. Our recent study demonstrated that 70% replacement of dietary casein protein with the equivalent quantity of protein derived from herring milt protein hydrolysate (HMPH; herring milt with proteins being enzymatically hydrolyzed) significantly improved insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. As production of protein hydrolysate increases the cost of the product, it is important to determine whether a simply dried and ground herring milt product possesses similar benefits. Therefore, the current study was conducted to investigate the effect of herring milt dry powder (HMDP) on glucose control and the associated metabolic phenotypes and further to compare its efficacy with HMPH. Male C57BL/6J mice on a high-fat diet for 7 weeks were randomized based on body weight and blood glucose into three groups. One group continued on the high-fat diet and was used as the insulin-resistant/diabetic control and the other two groups were given the high-fat diet modified to have 70% of casein protein being replaced with the same amount of protein from HMDP or HMPH. A group of mice on a low-fat diet all the time was used as the normal control. The results demonstrated that mice on the high-fat diet increased weight gain and showed higher blood concentrations of glucose, insulin, and leptin, as well as impaired glucose tolerance and pancreatic β-cell function relative to those on the normal control diet. In comparison with the high-fat diet, the replacement of 70% dietary casein protein with the same amount of HMDP or HMPH protein decreased weight gain and significantly improved the aforementioned biomarkers, insulin sensitivity or resistance, and β-cell function. The HMDP and HMPH showed similar effects on every parameter except blood lipids where HMDP decreased total cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol levels while the effect of HMPH was not significant. The results demonstrate that substituting 70% of dietary casein protein with the equivalent amount of HMDP or HMPH protein protects against obesity and diabetes, and HMDP is also beneficial to cholesterol homeostasis.
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Figueiredo H, Figueroa ALC, Garcia A, Fernandez-Ruiz R, Broca C, Wojtusciszyn A, Malpique R, Gasa R, Gomis R. Targeting pancreatic islet PTP1B improves islet graft revascularization and transplant outcomes. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/497/eaar6294. [PMID: 31217339 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aar6294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deficient vascularization is a major driver of early islet graft loss and one of the primary reasons for the failure of islet transplantation as a viable treatment for type 1 diabetes. This study identifies the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) as a potential modulator of islet graft revascularization. We demonstrate that grafts of pancreatic islets lacking PTP1B exhibit increased revascularization, which is accompanied by improved graft survival and function, and recovery of normoglycemia and glucose tolerance in diabetic mice transplanted with PTP1B-deficient islets. Mechanistically, we show that the absence of PTP1B leads to activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α-independent peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α/estrogen-related receptor α signaling and enhanced expression and production of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) by β cells. These observations were reproduced in human islets. Together, these findings reveal that PTP1B regulates islet VEGF-A production and suggest that this phosphatase could be targeted to improve islet transplantation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Figueiredo
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Dept. Medicina Cardiovascular y Metabolómica, Tecnológico de Monterrey, 66278 San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Ana Lucia C Figueroa
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Garcia
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Fernandez-Ruiz
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Christophe Broca
- CHU Montpellier, Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Diabetes (LTCD), Hospital St-Eloi, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Wojtusciszyn
- CHU Montpellier, Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Diabetes (LTCD), Hospital St-Eloi, 34295 Montpellier, France.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University Hospital of Montpellier, Lapeyronie Hospital, 34295 Montpellier, France.,Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rita Malpique
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Gasa
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon Gomis
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain. .,University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), 08018 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Chen R, Zuo Z, Li Q, Wang H, Li N, Zhang H, Yu X, Liu Z. DHA substitution overcomes high-fat diet-induced disturbance in the circadian rhythm of lipid metabolism. Food Funct 2020; 11:3621-3631. [PMID: 32292967 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02606a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Disruptions to circadian rhythm have been associated with an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). DHA has been found to affect both circadian rhythm and lipid metabolism. In this study, the relationship between DHA substitution and improvements in lipid metabolism and circadian clock regulation was studied. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a control, a high fat or a DHA substituted diet for 12 weeks. Biochemical analysis and H&E staining showed that the high-fat diet (HFD) could induce NAFLD, and DHA substitution (AOH) could attenuate NAFLD. The qPCR results showed that the expressions of core clock genes Clock and Bmal1 were significantly higher at zeitgeber (ZT) 0 (7:00 am) than those at ZT12 (7:00 pm) in the control group, while this difference in day and night disappeared in the HFD group, but was observed in the AOH group. Western blotting results indicated that the expressions of rhythm output molecules (RORα and REV-ERBα) and their downstream protein INSIG2 all showed the corresponding circadian changes. SREBP-regulated proteins were significantly increased in the HFD group at both ZT0 and ZT12, but decreased in the AOH group accompanied by the corresponding changes in the protein expressions of HMGCR, LXR, CYP7A1 and CYP27A1. Altogether, HFD can decrease or disrupt circadian rhythm fluctuation by up-regulating the expression of core circadian rhythm genes Clock and Bmal1 at ZT12, and induce metabolic abnormalities through the INSIG2-SREBP pathway regulated by RORα and REV-ERBα. DHA substitution seems to restore circadian rhythm similar to the normal circadian rhythm of "night-high, day-low" through the metabolic pathway regulated by rhythmic nuclear receptors, improving the lipid metabolism rhythm and reducing liver fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulong Chen
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Center of Healthy Food, School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
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Tao Y, He M, Yang Q, Ma Z, Qu Y, Chen W, Peng G, Teng D. Systemic taurine treatment provides neuroprotection against retinal photoreceptor degeneration and visual function impairments. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:2689-2702. [PMID: 31496648 PMCID: PMC6689665 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s194169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective Retinitis pigmentosa causes progressive photoreceptor degeneration in the subjects while no clinical therapy exists. The present study sought to evaluate the potential protective effects of taurine on a pharmacologically induced RP animal model. Methods Photoreceptor degeneration in mice was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). The MNU-administrated mouse received taurine treatment and then they were examined by electroretinography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, optokinetic test, and histological and immunohistochemistry assay. Results Prominent taurine deficiency was found in the retinas of MNU-administered mice. Intravenous taurine treatment increased significantly the retinal taurine level. Morphological studies showed that taurine could alleviate the retinal disorganizations in the MNU-induced mice. Taurine also ameliorated the visual impairments in the MNU-induced mice as evidenced by functional examinations. Immunostaining experiments demonstrated that both the M-cone and S-cone populations in the degenerative retinas are rescued by taurine. In particular, the M-cone photoreceptors in superior-temporal quadrant and the S-cone photoreceptors in inferior-nasal quadrant were preferentially rescued. Mechanism study showed that the photoreceptor apoptosis and oxidative stress in the degenerative retina were effectively alleviated by taurine treatment. Conclusion Taurine is protective against the MNU-induced photoreceptor degeneration. Systemic taurine administration may act as a promising therapeutic potion for retinopathies with chronic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tao
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China.,Lab of Visual Cell Differentiation, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Yang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxin Qu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghua Peng
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengke Teng
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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15
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Dale HF, Madsen L, Lied GA. Fish-derived proteins and their potential to improve human health. Nutr Rev 2019; 77:572-583. [PMID: 31124569 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence from studies evaluating the effect of lean fish consumption in humans suggests that proteins from fish have several beneficial metabolic effects. Rest, or waste, material from the fishing industry contains high-quality proteins, and utilization of this material offers novel possibilities for the development of protein-containing products that might be beneficial for human consumption. Fish-derived peptides containing bioactive amino acid sequences suggested to beneficially influence pathways involved in body composition, hypertension, lipid profile, and regulation of glucose metabolism are of particular interest, although the results of published studies are conflicting. This review aims to summarize current knowledge from animal studies and clinical interventions in humans evaluating the effects of lean fish, fish proteins, and fish-derived peptides on outcomes related to metabolic health. Fish proteins have a high content of taurine, and animal trials suggest that taurine mediates some of the beneficial effects observed thus far, although the mechanisms by which fish peptides exert their action are not yet elucidated. At this time, the literature is inconsistent, and there is insufficient mechanistic evidence to support a beneficial effect of fish-derived peptides on metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Fjeldheim Dale
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Nutrition; the Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine
- National Centre of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lise Madsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Nutrition; the Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine
- National Centre of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gülen Arslan Lied
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway; and the Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Abstract
We provide an overview of studies on seafood intake in relation to obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Overweight and obesity development is for most individuals the result of years of positive energy balance. Evidence from intervention trials and animal studies suggests that frequent intake of lean seafood, as compared with intake of terrestrial meats, reduces energy intake by 4–9 %, sufficient to prevent a positive energy balance and obesity. At equal energy intake, lean seafood reduces fasting and postprandial risk markers of insulin resistance, and improves insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant adults. Energy restriction combined with intake of lean and fatty seafood seems to increase weight loss. Marine n-3 PUFA are probably of importance through n-3 PUFA-derived lipid mediators such as endocannabinoids and oxylipins, but other constituents of seafood such as the fish protein per se, trace elements or vitamins also seem to play a largely neglected role. A high intake of fatty seafood increases circulating levels of the insulin-sensitising hormone adiponectin. As compared with a high meat intake, high intake of seafood has been reported to reduce plasma levels of the hepatic acute-phase protein C-reactive protein level in some, but not all studies. More studies are needed to confirm the dietary effects on energy intake, obesity and insulin resistance. Future studies should be designed to elucidate the potential contribution of trace elements, vitamins and undesirables present in seafood, and we argue that stratification into responders and non-responders in randomised controlled trials may improve the understanding of health effects from intake of seafood.
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Hydrogen Sulfide as a Novel Regulatory Factor in Liver Health and Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3831713. [PMID: 30805080 PMCID: PMC6360590 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3831713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a colorless gas smelling of rotten egg, has long been recognized as a toxic gas and environment pollutant. However, increasing evidence suggests that H2S acts as a novel gasotransmitter and plays important roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes in mammals. H2S is involved in many hepatic functions, including the regulation of oxidative stress, glucose and lipid metabolism, vasculature, mitochondrial function, differentiation, and circadian rhythm. In addition, H2S contributes to the pathogenesis and treatment of a number of liver diseases, such as hepatic fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatotoxicity, and acute liver failure. In this review, the biosynthesis and metabolism of H2S in the liver are summarized and the role and mechanism of H2S in liver health and disease are further discussed.
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Ribeiro RA, Bonfleur ML, Batista TM, Borck PC, Carneiro EM. Regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by the pancreatic and extra-pancreatic actions of taurine. Amino Acids 2018; 50:1511-1524. [PMID: 30206707 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2650-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial actions of L-taurine (Tau) against glucose intolerance, obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and non-alcoholic fat liver disease (NAFLD) have been linked to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which ameliorate tissue insulin sensitivity. Importantly, there are several lines of evidence that indicate a direct action of Tau on the endocrine pancreas to regulate the secretion and paracrine actions of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin. Furthermore, Tau can also ameliorate glucose metabolism through the enhancement of insulin signaling. However, some of the benefits of Tau upon intermediary metabolism may manifest via considerable antagonism of the action of insulin. Therefore, this review discusses the mechanisms of action by which Tau may regulate endocrine pancreatic morphofunction, and glucose and lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosane A Ribeiro
- NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ-Macaé, Avenida São José do Barreto, 764, Macaé, RJ, CEP: 27965-045, Brazil.
| | - Maria L Bonfleur
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Batista
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia C Borck
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Everardo M Carneiro
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Wang W, Zhao L, He Z, Wu N, Li Q, Qiu X, Zhou L, Wang D. Metabolomics-based evidence of the hypoglycemic effect of Ge-Gen-Jiao-Tai-Wan in type 2 diabetic rats via UHPLC-QTOF/MS analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 219:299-318. [PMID: 29580854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ge-Gen-Jiao-Tai-Wan (GGJTW) formula, derived from traditional Chinese herbal medicine, is composed of Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Sanjappa & Pradeep (Ge-Gen in Chinese), Coptis chinensis Franch (Huang-Lian), and Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J. Presl (Rou-Gui). GGJTW is used for treatment of diabetes in China, reflecting the potent hypoglycemic effect of its ingredients. However, little is known of the hypoglycemic effect of GGJTW and the underlying metabolic mechanism. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of GGJTW in type 2 diabetic rats and the metabolic mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS)-based metabolomics approach was used for monitoring hyperglycaemia induced by high-sugar high-fat fodder and streptozotocin (STZ), and the protective effect of GGJTW. Dynamic fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, body weight, and biochemical parameters, including lipid levels, hepatic-renal function, and hepatic histopathology were used to confirm the hyperglycaemic toxicity and attenuation effects. An orthogonal partial least squared-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) approach highlighted significant differences in the metabolome of the healthy control, diabetic, and drug-treated rats. The metabolomics pathway analysis (MetPA) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) database were used to investigate the underlying metabolic pathways. RESULTS Metabolic profiling revealed 37 metabolites as the most potential biomarker metabolites distinguishing GGJTW-treated rats from model rats. Most of the metabolites were primarily associated with bile acid metabolism and lipid metabolism. The most critical pathway was primary bile acid biosynthesis pathway involving the up-regulation of the levels of cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), taurocholic acid (TCA), glycocholic acid (GCA), taurochenodesoxycholic acid (TCDCA), and taurine. CONCLUSIONS The significantly-altered metabolite levels indicated the hypoglycemic effect of GGJTW on diabetic rats and the underlying metabolic mechanism. This study will be meaningful for the clinical application of GGJTW and valuable for further exploration of the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan, China.
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Physical Examination Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan, China.
| | - Zhenyu He
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan, China.
| | - Ning Wu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan, China.
| | - Qiuxia Li
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan, China.
| | - Xinjian Qiu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan, China.
| | - Lu Zhou
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan, China.
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan, China.
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Borck PC, Vettorazzi JF, Branco RCS, Batista TM, Santos-Silva JC, Nakanishi VY, Boschero AC, Ribeiro RA, Carneiro EM. Taurine supplementation induces long-term beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis in ob/ob mice. Amino Acids 2018; 50:765-774. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2553-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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21
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Diet-induced glucose homeostasis dysregulation is enhanced by taurine supplementation in ovariectomized mice. Amino Acids 2017; 50:469-477. [PMID: 29282544 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Low levels of estrogens are associated with obesity-related comorbidities. Mice with lower levels of estrogens are thereby more sensitive to the effects of a high-fat-diet (HFD) for the development of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Studies in vivo have demonstrated that taurine (TAU) supplementation prevents glucose and insulin resistance. Thus, we aimed to investigate the potential beneficial effects of TAU supplementation on glucose homeostasis of mice with low levels of estrogens fed with a HFD. 3-month-old female C57BL/6J mice underwent bilateral ovariectomy (OVX). After 1 week of recovery, mice were divided into 4 groups and either received: a standard chow diet (OVXC), chow diet plus drinking water enriched with 3% of TAU (OVXCT), HFD (OVXH), and HFD plus supplementation of TAU (OVXHT) for 14 weeks. Exposure to the HFD increased adiposity and plasma levels of glucose and insulin. Contrary to our prediction, the addition of TAU enhanced the deleterious effects of the HFD. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests (ipGTT and ipITT) indicated that mice maintained on the HFD + TAU had worse glucose intolerance and insulin resistance that was linked to lower insulin signaling in skeletal muscle and liver. Insulin secretion of isolated pancreatic islets of OVXH mice was higher than OVXC, and the addition of TAU associated with a HFD did not modulate insulin secretion, suggesting a failure of pancreatic β cells of OVXHT mice. These results suggest that despite the beneficial reports of TAU, it should be used cautiously in situations where the levels of estrogens are low.
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Sarkar P, Basak P, Ghosh S, Kundu M, Sil PC. Prophylactic role of taurine and its derivatives against diabetes mellitus and its related complications. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 110:109-121. [PMID: 29050977 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Taurine is a conditionally essential amino acid present in the body in free form. Mammalian taurine is synthesized in the pancreas via the cysteine sulfinic acid pathway. Anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation are two main properties through which it exerts its therapeutic effects. Many studies have shown its excellent therapeutic potential against diabetes mellitus and related complications like diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, hematological dysfunctions, reproductive dysfunctions, liver and pancreas related complications etc. Not only taurine, a number of its derivatives have also been reported to be important in ameliorating diabetic complications. The present review has been aimed to describe the importance of taurine and its derivatives against diabetic metabolic syndrome and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Sarkar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata-700054, India
| | - Priyanka Basak
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata-700054, India
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata-700054, India
| | - Mousumi Kundu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata-700054, India
| | - Parames C Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata-700054, India.
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23
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Murakami S. The physiological and pathophysiological roles of taurine in adipose tissue in relation to obesity. Life Sci 2017; 186:80-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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