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Song Y, Wang F, Chen L, Zhang W. Engineering Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Microalgae: Recent Progress and Perspectives. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:216. [PMID: 38786607 PMCID: PMC11122798 DOI: 10.3390/md22050216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Microalgal lipids hold significant potential for the production of biodiesel and dietary supplements. To enhance their cost-effectiveness and commercial competitiveness, it is imperative to improve microalgal lipid productivity. Metabolic engineering that targets the key enzymes of the fatty acid synthesis pathway, along with transcription factor engineering, are effective strategies for improving lipid productivity in microalgae. This review provides a summary of the advancements made in the past 5 years in engineering the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway in eukaryotic microalgae. Furthermore, this review offers insights into transcriptional regulatory mechanisms and transcription factor engineering aimed at enhancing lipid production in eukaryotic microalgae. Finally, the review discusses the challenges and future perspectives associated with utilizing microalgae for the efficient production of lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Song
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (Y.S.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Fangzhong Wang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (Y.S.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (Y.S.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Weiwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (Y.S.); (L.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Chen HH, Pang XH, Wang QH, Chen RQ, Dai JL, Jiang JG. Choline Dehydrogenase Contributes to Salt Tolerance in Dunaliella through Betaine Synthesis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14296. [PMID: 38650503 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
In Dunaliella tertiolecta, a microalga renowned for its extraordinary tolerance to high salinity levels up to 4.5 M NaCl, the mechanisms underlying its stress response have largely remained a mystery. In a groundbreaking discovery, this study identifies a choline dehydrogenase enzyme, termed DtCHDH, capable of converting choline to betaine aldehyde. Remarkably, this is the first identification of such an enzyme not just in D. tertiolecta but across the entire Chlorophyta. A 3D model of DtCHDH was constructed, and molecular docking with choline was performed, revealing a potential binding site for the substrate. The enzyme was heterologously expressed in E. coli Rosetta (DE3) and subsequently purified, achieving enzyme activity of 672.2 U/mg. To elucidate the role of DtCHDH in the salt tolerance of D. tertiolecta, RNAi was employed to knock down DtCHDH gene expression. The results indicated that the Ri-12 strain exhibited compromised growth under both high and low salt conditions, along with consistent levels of DtCHDH gene expression and betaine content. Additionally, fatty acid analysis indicated that DtCHDH might also be a FAPs enzyme, catalyzing reactions with decarboxylase activity. This study not only illuminates the role of choline metabolism in D. tertiolecta's adaptation to high salinity but also identifies a novel target for enhancing the NaCl tolerance of microalgae in biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Hong Chen
- College of Food Science and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Xiao-Hui Pang
- College of Food Science and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian-Hui Wang
- College of Food Science and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-Qi Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ju-Liang Dai
- College of Food Science and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Liang MH, Li XY. Involvement of Transcription Factors and Regulatory Proteins in the Regulation of Carotenoid Accumulation in Plants and Algae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18660-18673. [PMID: 38053506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are essential for photosynthesis and photoprotection in photosynthetic organisms, which are widely used in food coloring, feed additives, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Carotenoid biofortification in crop plants or algae has been considered as a sustainable strategy to improve human nutrition and health. However, the regulatory mechanisms of carotenoid accumulation are still not systematic and particularly scarce in algae. This article focuses on the regulatory mechanisms of carotenoid accumulation in plants and algae through regulatory factors (transcription factors and regulatory proteins), demonstrating the complexity of homeostasis regulation of carotenoids, mainly including transcriptional regulation as the primary mechanism, subsequent post-translational regulation, and cross-linking with other metabolic processes. Different organs of plants and different plant/algal species usually have specific regulatory mechanisms for the biosynthesis, storage, and degradation of carotenoids in response to the environmental and developmental signals. In plants and algae, regulators such as MYB, bHLH, MADS, bZIP, AP2/ERF, WRKY, and orange proteins can be involved in the regulation of carotenoid metabolism. And many more regulators, regulatory networks, and mechanisms need to be explored. Our paper will provide a basis for multitarget or multipathway engineering for carotenoid biofortification in plants and algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Ecological Science, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xian-Yi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Ecological Science, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
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Liang MH, Xie SR, Dai JL, Chen HH, Jiang JG. Roles of Two Phytoene Synthases and Orange Protein in Carotenoid Metabolism of the β-Carotene-Accumulating Dunaliella salina. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0006923. [PMID: 37022233 PMCID: PMC10269666 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00069-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoene synthase (PSY) is a key enzyme in carotenoid metabolism and often regulated by orange protein. However, few studies have focused on the functional differentiation of the two PSYs and their regulation by protein interaction in the β-carotene-accumulating Dunaliella salina CCAP 19/18. In this study, we confirmed that DsPSY1 from D. salina possessed high PSY catalytic activity, whereas DsPSY2 almost had no activity. Two amino acid residues at positions 144 and 285 responsible for substrate binding were associated with the functional variance between DsPSY1 and DsPSY2. Moreover, orange protein from D. salina (DsOR) could interact with DsPSY1/2. DbPSY from Dunaliella sp. FACHB-847 also had high PSY activity, but DbOR could not interact with DbPSY, which might be one reason why it could not highly accumulate β-carotene. Overexpression of DsOR, especially the mutant DsORHis, could significantly improve the single-cell carotenoid content and change cell morphology (with larger cell size, bigger plastoglobuli, and fragmented starch granules) of D. salina. Overall, DsPSY1 played a dominant role in carotenoid biosynthesis in D. salina, and DsOR promoted carotenoid accumulation, especially β-carotene via interacting with DsPSY1/2 and regulating the plastid development. Our study provides a new clue for the regulatory mechanism of carotenoid metabolism in Dunaliella. IMPORTANCE Phytoene synthase (PSY) as the key rate-limiting enzyme in carotenoid metabolism can be regulated by various regulators and factors. We found that DsPSY1 played a dominant role in carotenogenesis in the β-carotene-accumulating Dunaliella salina, and two amino acid residues critical in the substrate binding were associated with the functional variance between DsPSY1 and DsPSY2. Orange protein from D. salina (DsOR) can promote carotenoid accumulation via interacting with DsPSY1/2 and regulating the plastid development, which provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of massive accumulation of β-carotene in D. salina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Ecological Science, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan-Rong Xie
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jv-Liang Dai
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao-Hong Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Muthuramalingam P, Jeyasri R, Selvaraj A, Shin H, Chen JT, Satish L, Wu QS, Ramesh M. Global Integrated Genomic and Transcriptomic Analyses of MYB Transcription Factor Superfamily in C3 Model Plant Oryza sativa (L.) Unravel Potential Candidates Involved in Abiotic Stress Signaling. Front Genet 2022; 13:946834. [PMID: 35873492 PMCID: PMC9305833 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.946834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant transcription factors (TFs) are significant players in transcriptional regulations, signal transduction, and constitute an integral part of signaling networks. MYB TFs are major TF superfamilies that play pivotal roles in regulation of transcriptional reprogramming, physiological processes, and abiotic stress (AbS) responses. To explore the understanding of MYB TFs, genome and transcriptome-wide identification was performed in the C3 model plant, Oryza sativa (OsMYB). This study retrieved 114 OsMYB TFs that were computationally analyzed for their expression profiling, gene organization, cis-acting elements, and physicochemical properties. Based on the microarray datasets, six OsMYB genes which were sorted out and identified by a differential expression pattern were noted in various tissues. Systematic expression profiling of OsMYB TFs showed their meta-differential expression of different AbS treatments, spatio-temporal gene expression of various tissues and their growth in the field, and gene expression profiling in responses to phytohormones. In addition, the circular ideogram of OsMYB genes in related C4 grass plants conferred the gene synteny. Protein–protein interactions of these genes revealed the molecular crosstalk of OsMYB TFs. Transcriptional analysis (qPCR) of six OsMYB players in response to drought and salinity stress suggested the involvement in individual and combined AbS responses. To decipher how these OsMYB play functional roles in AbS dynamics, further research is a prerequisite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandiyan Muthuramalingam
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
- Department of GreenBio Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Rajendran Jeyasri
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | - Anthonymuthu Selvaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Hyunsuk Shin
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
- Department of GreenBio Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hyunsuk Shin, ; Manikandan Ramesh,
| | - Jen-Tsung Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lakkakula Satish
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Qiang-Sheng Wu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Manikandan Ramesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
- *Correspondence: Hyunsuk Shin, ; Manikandan Ramesh,
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Mechanism study on the regulation of metabolite flux for producing promising bioactive substances in microalgae Desmodesmus sp.YT through salinity stress. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gao F, Nan F, Feng J, Lv J, Liu Q, Liu X, Xie S. Comparative morphological, physiological, biochemical and genomic studies reveal novel genes of Dunaliella bioculata and D. quartolecta in response to salt stress. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:1749-1761. [PMID: 34813000 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06984-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salinity is an essential abiotic stress in plants. Dunaliella is a genus of high-salt-tolerant microalgae. The present study aimed to compare the characterizations of D. bioculata and D. quartolecta at different levels and investigate novel genes response to salt stress. METHODS AND RESULTS High chlorophyll contents were detected in D. bioculata on the 35th d of salt stress, while high lipid and carotenoid contents were detected in D. quartolecta via morphological and biochemical analyses. Physiological analysis showed that D. quartolecta cells had a smaller increase in osmotic potential, a smaller decrease in the Na+/K+ ratio and photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and a lower relative conductivity than D. bioculata cells. The genomic lengths of D. quartolecta and D. bioculata were 396,013,629 bp (scaffold N50 = 1954 bp) and 427,667,563 bp (scaffold N50 = 3093 bp) via high-throughput sequencing and de novo assembly, respectively. Altogether, 25,751 and 26,620 genes were predicted in their genomes by annotation analysis with various biodatabases. The D. bioculata genome showed more segmental duplication events via collinearity analysis. More single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertion-deletion variants were detected in the D. bioculata genome. Both algae, which showed a close phylogenetic relationship, may undergo positive selection via bioinformatics analysis. A total of 382 and 85 novel genes were screened in D. bioculata and D. quartolecta, with 138 and 51 enriched KEGG pathways, respectively. Unlike the novel genes adh1, hprA and serA, the relative expression of livF and phbB in D. bioculata was markedly downregulated as salinity increased, as determined by qPCR analysis. The relative expression of leuB, asd, pstC and proA in D. quartolecta was markedly upregulated with the same salinity increase. CONCLUSION Dunaliella quartolecta is more halophilic than D. bioculata, with more effective responses to high salt stress based on the multiphase comparative data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Gao
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Fangru Nan
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Jia Feng
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Junping Lv
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Shulian Xie
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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Diel transcriptional oscillations of light-sensitive regulatory elements in open-ocean eukaryotic plankton communities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2011038118. [PMID: 33547239 PMCID: PMC8017926 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011038118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most organisms coordinate key biological events to coincide with the day/night cycle. These diel oscillations are entrained through the activity of light-sensitive photoreceptors that allow organisms to respond rapidly to changes in light exposure. In the ocean, the plankton community must additionally contend with dramatic changes in the quantity and quality of light over depth. Here, we show that the predominantly blue-light field in the open-ocean environment may have driven expansion of blue light-sensitive regulatory elements in open-ocean eukaryotic plankton derived from secondary and tertiary endosymbiosis. The diel transcription of genes encoding light-sensitive elements indicate that photosynthetic and heterotrophic marine protists respond to and anticipate fluctuating light conditions in the dynamic marine environment. The 24-h cycle of light and darkness governs daily rhythms of complex behaviors across all domains of life. Intracellular photoreceptors sense specific wavelengths of light that can reset the internal circadian clock and/or elicit distinct phenotypic responses. In the surface ocean, microbial communities additionally modulate nonrhythmic changes in light quality and quantity as they are mixed to different depths. Here, we show that eukaryotic plankton in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre transcribe genes encoding light-sensitive proteins that may serve as light-activated transcription factors, elicit light-driven electrical/chemical cascades, or initiate secondary messenger-signaling cascades. Overall, the protistan community relies on blue light-sensitive photoreceptors of the cryptochrome/photolyase family, and proteins containing the Light-Oxygen-Voltage (LOV) domain. The greatest diversification occurred within Haptophyta and photosynthetic stramenopiles where the LOV domain was combined with different DNA-binding domains and secondary signal-transduction motifs. Flagellated protists utilize green-light sensory rhodopsins and blue-light helmchromes, potentially underlying phototactic/photophobic and other behaviors toward specific wavelengths of light. Photoreceptors such as phytochromes appear to play minor roles in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Transcript abundance of environmental light-sensitive protein-encoding genes that display diel patterns are found to primarily peak at dawn. The exceptions are the LOV-domain transcription factors with peaks in transcript abundances at different times and putative phototaxis photoreceptors transcribed throughout the day. Together, these data illustrate the diversity of light-sensitive proteins that may allow disparate groups of protists to respond to light and potentially synchronize patterns of growth, division, and mortality within the dynamic ocean environment.
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Li R, Shi CL, Wang X, Meng Y, Cheng L, Jiang CZ, Qi M, Xu T, Li T. Inflorescence abscission protein SlIDL6 promotes low light intensity-induced tomato flower abscission. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1288-1301. [PMID: 33711162 PMCID: PMC8195514 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In many fruiting plant species, flower abscission is induced by low light stress. Here, we elucidated how signaling mediated by the peptide INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA) controls low light-induced flower drop in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). We analyzed the expression patterns of an IDA-Like gene (SlIDL6) during low light-induced flower abscission, and used tandem mass spectrometry to identify and characterize the mature SlIDL6 peptide. Tomato knockout lines were created to investigate the in vivo function of SlIDL6. In addition, yeast one-hybrid assays were used to investigate the binding of the SlWRKY17 transcription factor to the SlIDL6 promoter, and silencing of SlWRKY17 expression delayed low light-induced flower abscission. SlIDL6 was specifically expressed in the abscission zone and at high levels during low light-induced abscission and ethylene treatment. SlIDL6 knockout lines showed delayed low light-induced flower drop, and the application of SlIDL6 peptide accelerated abscission. Overexpression of SlIDL6 rescued the ida mutant phenotype in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), suggesting functional conservation between species. SlIDL6-mediated abscission was via an ethylene-independent pathway. We report a SlWRKY17-SlIDL6 regulatory module that functions in low light promoted abscission by increasing the expression of enzymes involved in cell wall remodeling and disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhen Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chun-Lin Shi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yan Meng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lina Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Cai-Zhong Jiang
- Crops Pathology and Genetic Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, California 95616, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, California 95616, USA
| | - Mingfang Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Author for communication:
| | - Tianlai Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Doppler P, Kornpointner C, Halbwirth H, Remias D, Spadiut O. Tetraedron minimum, First Reported Member of Hydrodictyaceae to Accumulate Secondary Carotenoids. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:107. [PMID: 33573287 PMCID: PMC7911234 DOI: 10.3390/life11020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We isolated a novel strain of the microalga Tetraedron minimum in Iceland from a terrestrial habitat. During long-term cultivation, a dish culture turned orange, indicating the presence of secondary pigments. Thus, we characterized T. minimum for growth and possible carotenoid production in different inorganic media. In a lab-scale photobioreactor, we confirmed that nitrogen starvation in combination with salt stress triggered a secondary carotenoid accumulation. The development of the pigment composition and the antioxidant capacity of the extracts was analyzed throughout the cultivations. The final secondary carotenoid composition was, on average, 61.1% astaxanthin and 38.9% adonixanthin. Moreover, the cells accumulated approx. 83.1% unsaturated fatty acids. This work presents the first report of the formation of secondary carotenoids within the family Hydrodictyaceae (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyta).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Doppler
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Christoph Kornpointner
- Research Division Phytochemistry and Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical, Environmental, and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (C.K.); (H.H.)
| | - Heidi Halbwirth
- Research Division Phytochemistry and Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical, Environmental, and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (C.K.); (H.H.)
| | - Daniel Remias
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstr. 23, 4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria;
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Improving ‘Lipid Productivity’ in Microalgae by Bilateral Enhancement of Biomass and Lipid Contents: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12219083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae have received widespread interest owing to their potential in biofuel production. However, economical microalgal biomass production is conditioned by enhancing the lipid accumulation without decreasing growth rate or by increasing both simultaneously. While extensive investigation has been performed on promoting the economic feasibility of microalgal-based biofuel production that aims to increase the productivity of microalgae species, only a handful of them deal with increasing lipid productivity (based on lipid contents and growth rate) in the feedstock production process. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the recent advances and novel approaches in promoting lipid productivity (depends on biomass and lipid contents) in feedstock production from strain selection to after-harvesting stages. The current study comprises two parts. In the first part, bilateral improving biomass/lipid production will be investigated in upstream measures, including strain selection, genetic engineering, and cultivation stages. In the second part, the enhancement of lipid productivity will be discussed in the downstream measure included in the harvesting and after-harvesting stages. An integrated approach involving the strategies for increasing lipid productivity in up- and down-stream measures can be a breakthrough approach that would promote the commercialization of market-driven microalgae-derived biofuel production.
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Muthuramalingam P, Jeyasri R, Selvaraj A, Pandian SK, Ramesh M. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of glutamine metabolism genes unveil key players in Oryza sativa (L.) to ameliorate the unique and combined abiotic stress tolerance. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:222-231. [PMID: 32682969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Plants can be considered to biosynthesize the specialized metabolites to adapt to various environmental stressors mainly on abiotic stresses (AbS). Among specialized metabolites, glutamine (Gln) is an essential plant metabolite to achieve sustainable plant growth, yield and food security. In this pilot study, swe employed computational metabolomics genome wide association survey (cmGWAS) of Gln metabolite profiling in Oryza sativa, targeting at the identification of abiotic stress responsible (AbSR) - Gln metabolite producing genes (GlnMPG). Identified 5 AbSR-GlnMPG alter the metabolite levels and play a predominant role in delineating the physiological significance of rice. These genes were systematically analysed for their biological features via OryzaCyc. Spatio-temporal and plant hormonal expression pattern of AbSR-GlnMPG was analysed and their differential expression profiling were noted in 48 different tissues and hormones, respectively. Furthermore, comparative ideogram of these genes revealed the chromosomal synteny with C4 grass genomes. Molecular crosstalks of these proteins, unravelled the various metabolic interaction. The systems expression profiling of AbSR-GlnMPG will lead to unravel the metabolite signaling and putative responses in multiple AbS. On the whole, this holistic study provides deeper insights on biomolecular features of AbSR-GlnMPG, which could be analysed further to decipher their functional metabolisms in AbS dynamism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandiyan Muthuramalingam
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Systems Biology, Science Research Centre, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Rajendran Jeyasri
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anthonymuthu Selvaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Manikandan Ramesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India.
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13
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De novo transcriptome sequencing and analysis of salt-, alkali-, and drought-responsive genes in Sophora alopecuroides. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:423. [PMID: 32576152 PMCID: PMC7310485 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06823-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Salinity, alkalinity, and drought stress are the main abiotic stress factors affecting plant growth and development. Sophora alopecuroides L., a perennial leguminous herb in the genus Sophora, is a highly salt-tolerant sand-fixing pioneer species distributed mostly in Western Asia and northwestern China. Few studies have assessed responses to abiotic stress in S. alopecuroides. The transcriptome of the genes that confer stress-tolerance in this species has not previously been sequenced. Our objective was to sequence and analyze this transcriptome. Results Twelve cDNA libraries were constructed in triplicate from mRNA obtained from Sophora alopecuroides for the control and salt, alkali, and drought treatments. Using de novo assembly, 902,812 assembled unigenes were generated, with an average length of 294 bp. Based on similarity searches, 545,615 (60.43%) had at least one significant match in the Nr, Nt, Pfam, KOG/COG, Swiss-Prot, and GO databases. In addition, 1673 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from the salt treatment, 8142 from the alkali treatment, and 17,479 from the drought treatment. A total of 11,936 transcription factor genes from 82 transcription factor families were functionally annotated under salt, alkali, and drought stress, these include MYB, bZIP, NAC and WRKY family members. DEGs were involved in the hormone signal transduction pathway, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and antioxidant enzymes; this suggests that these pathways or processes may be involved in tolerance towards salt, alkali, and drought stress in S. alopecuroides. Conclusion Our study first reported transcriptome reference sequence data in Sophora alopecuroides, a non-model plant without a reference genome. We determined digital expression profile and discovered a broad survey of unigenes associated with salt, alkali, and drought stress which provide genomic resources available for Sophora alopecuroides.
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14
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Muthuramalingam P, Jeyasri R, Selvaraj A, Kalaiyarasi D, Aruni W, Pandian STK, Ramesh M. Global transcriptome analysis of novel stress associated protein ( SAP) genes expression dynamism of combined abiotic stresses in Oryza sativa (L.). J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:2106-2117. [PMID: 32212961 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1747548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Genes encoding proteins with A20/AN1 zinc-finger domains, belonging to the stress associated protein (SAP) gene family, are present in all eukaryotes and play a decisive role in plant response to diverse physiological and molecular activities particularly on biotic and abiotic stresses (AbS). In this first and foremost study, global transcriptome analysis of members of the SAP gene family was carried out in C3 model-Oryza sativa (OsSAP) aiming at the identification of OsSAP genes activated in response to unique or Combined AbS (CAbS). Based on the available spatio-temporal and phytohormonal RNA-Seq expression profile datasets, nine OsSAP genes were filtered out and identified by a differential expression signature noted in various tissues as well as plant hormones. Comparative genome ideogram of OsSAP genes confirmed the orthologous collinearity with C4 panicoid genomes. Interactome of these genes, revealed the molecular cross-talks of OsSAP. Thus, the computational expression signature of OsSAP genes led to a better understanding of gene dynamism in diverse developmental tissues/organs. Transcriptional regulation analysis of key OsSAP genes in response to stress (drought and salinity) suggested the novel role of OsSAP1, OsSAP2, OsSAP5, OsSAP7, OsSAP8 and OsSAP11 in AbS. Altogether, the study provides deeper insights on molecular characteristics of OsSAP genes, which could be deployed further to decipher their precise functional roles in AbS responses.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajendran Jeyasri
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anthonymuthu Selvaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhamodharan Kalaiyarasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Wilson Aruni
- Division of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | | | - Manikandan Ramesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
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15
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Carotenoids Overproduction in Dunaliella Sp.: Transcriptional Changes and New Insights through Lycopene β Cyclase Regulation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9245389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dunaliella is a green microalga known for its ability to produce high levels of carotenoids under well-defined growing conditions. Molecular responses to the simultaneous effect of increasing salinity, light intensity and decrease of nitrogen availability were investigated in terms of their effect on different metabolic pathways (isoprenoids synthesis, glycolysis, carbohydrate use, etc.) by following the transcriptional regulation of enolase (ENO), 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS), lycopene β-cyclase (LCYB), carotene globule protein (CGP), chloroplast-localized heat shock protein (HSP70), and chloroplast ribulose phosphate-3-epimerase (RPE) genes. The intracellular production of carotenoid was increased five times in stressed Dunaliella cells compared to those grown in an unstressed condition. At transcriptional levels, ENO implicated in glycolysis, and revealing about polysaccharides degradation, showed a two-stage response during the first 72 h. Genes directly involved in β-carotene accumulation, namely, CGP and LCYB, revealed the most important increase by about 54 and 10 folds, respectively. In silico sequence analysis, along with 3D modeling studies, were performed to identify possible posttranslational modifications of CGP and LCYB proteins. Our results described, for the first time, their probable regulation by sumoylation covalent attachment as well as the presence of expressed SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) protein in Dunaliella sp.
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16
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Zhang L, Zhang Q, Li W, Zhang S, Xi W. Identification of key genes and regulators associated with carotenoid metabolism in apricot (Prunus armeniaca) fruit using weighted gene coexpression network analysis. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:876. [PMID: 31747897 PMCID: PMC6865023 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotenoids are a class of terpenoid pigments that contribute to the color and nutritional value of many fruits. Their biosynthetic pathways have been well established in a number of plant species; however, many details of the regulatory mechanism controlling carotenoid metabolism remain to be elucidated. Apricot is one of the most carotenoid-rich fruits, making it a valuable system for investigating carotenoid metabolism. The purpose of this study was to identify key genes and regulators associated with carotenoid metabolism in apricot fruit based on transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS During fruit ripening in the apricot cultivar 'Luntaixiaobaixing' (LT), the total carotenoid content of the fruit decreased significantly, as did the levels of the carotenoids β-carotene, lutein and violaxanthin (p < 0.01). RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of the fruit resulted in the identification of 44,754 unigenes and 6916 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during ripening. Among these genes, 33,498 unigenes were annotated using public protein databases. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that two of the 13 identified modules ('blue' and 'turquoise') were highly correlated with carotenoid metabolism, and 33 structural genes from the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway were identified. Network visualization revealed 35 intramodular hub genes that putatively control carotenoid metabolism. The expression levels of these candidate genes were determined by quantitative real-time PCR analysis, which showed ripening-associated carotenoid accumulation. This analysis revealed that a range of genes (NCED1, CCD1/4, PIF3/4, HY5, ERF003/5/12, RAP2-12, AP2, AP2-like, BZR1, MADS14, NAC2/25, MYB1R1/44, GLK1/2 and WRKY6/31/69) potentially affect apricot carotenoid metabolism during ripening. Based on deciphering the molecular mechanism involved in ripening, a network model of carotenoid metabolism in apricot fruit was proposed. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our work provides new insights into the carotenoid metabolism of apricot and other species, which will facilitate future apricot functional studies and quality breeding through molecular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyun Zhang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Agriculture National Fruit Tree Germplasm Repository, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Luntai, Xinjiang, 841600, People's Republic of China
| | - Shikui Zhang
- Agriculture National Fruit Tree Germplasm Repository, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Luntai, Xinjiang, 841600, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanpeng Xi
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Constantinescu-Aruxandei D, Vlaicu A, Marinaș IC, Vintilă ACN, Dimitriu L, Oancea F. Effect of betaine and selenium on the growth and photosynthetic pigment production in Dunaliella salina as biostimulants. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5695739. [PMID: 31899507 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to establish the effect of selenium and betaine on the growth of D. salina, accumulation of photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant activity of the hydrophobic fraction. This approach was an attempt to demonstrate 'microalgae biostimulant' effects, similar to 'plant biostimulant' effects, i.e. increased tolerance to abiotic stress and enhanced accumulation of bioactive compounds. A high-throughput assay was done in 24-well microplates, at 15% NaCl and different concentrations of sodium selenite (0, 0.5, 2 and 8 µM) or betaine (0, 5, 50 and 500 µM). Both selenium and betaine induced a slight delay in algae growth during the actively growing stage but the final density reached similar values to the control. Betaine significantly enhanced (50%-100%) carotenoids and chlorophyll a accumulation, in a concentration depending manner. Antioxidant activity increased almost 3-fold in extracts of algae treated with 50 µM betaine. Selenium had a much more discrete effect than betaine on pigments biosynthesis. The antioxidant activity of the extracts increased 2-fold in the presence of Se compared to the control. Our work proves that it is possible to enhance production and activity of bioactive compounds from microalgae by using ingredients, which already proved to act as plant biostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Constantinescu-Aruxandei
- Department of bioresources, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry - ICECHIM, Spl. Independenței nr. 202, Sector 6, Bucharest, 060021, Romania
| | - Alexandru Vlaicu
- Department of bioresources, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry - ICECHIM, Spl. Independenței nr. 202, Sector 6, Bucharest, 060021, Romania
| | - Ioana Cristina Marinaș
- Department of bioresources, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry - ICECHIM, Spl. Independenței nr. 202, Sector 6, Bucharest, 060021, Romania
| | - Alin Cristian Nicolae Vintilă
- Department of bioresources, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry - ICECHIM, Spl. Independenței nr. 202, Sector 6, Bucharest, 060021, Romania
| | - Luminița Dimitriu
- Department of bioresources, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry - ICECHIM, Spl. Independenței nr. 202, Sector 6, Bucharest, 060021, Romania
| | - Florin Oancea
- Department of bioresources, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry - ICECHIM, Spl. Independenței nr. 202, Sector 6, Bucharest, 060021, Romania
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18
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Abstract
Microalgae are unicellular organisms that act as the crucial primary producers all over the world, typically found in marine and freshwater environments. Most of them can live photo-autotrophically, reproduce rapidly, and accumulate biomass in a short period efficiently. To adapt to the uninterrupted change of the environment, they evolve and differentiate continuously. As a result, some of them evolve special abilities such as toleration of extreme environment, generation of sophisticated structure to adapt to the environment, and avoid predators. Microalgae are believed to be promising bioreactors because of their high lipid and pigment contents. Genetic engineering technologies have given revolutions in the microalgal industry, which decoded the secrets of microalgal genes, express recombinant genes in microalgal genomes, and largely soar the accumulation of interested components in transgenic microalgae. However, owing to several obstructions, the industry of transgenic microalgae is still immature. Here, we provide an overview to emphasize the advantage and imperfection of the existing transgenic microalgal bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Cong Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Hua Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Wang M, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li C, Gong S, Yan S, Li G, Hu G, Ren H, Yang J, Yu T, Yang K. Comparative transcriptome analysis of salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant maize reveals potential mechanisms to enhance salt resistance. Genes Genomics 2019; 41:781-801. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Comparative transcriptomics approach in elucidation of carotenoid biosynthesis regulation in grains of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Sci Rep 2019; 9:1631. [PMID: 30733556 PMCID: PMC6367445 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Estimation of phytoene, lycopene, β-carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin in grains of white, brown and purple cultivars of rice revealed marked differences in the levels of these carotenoid intermediates amongst the cultivars. Grains of white rice did not show any significant accumulation of carotenoid intermediates at any stage of development. On the other hand, grains of the purple cultivar accumulated 49.16 ± 5 µg of β-carotene, 28.89 ± 3.2 µg of lutein and 34.65 ± 4.6 µg of zeaxanthin per gm of grain fresh weight. In addition to PSY1, higher expression of βLCY than εLCY appears to be an important factor in determining the flux of pathway towards synthesis of β-β branch carotenoids in purple rice. This cultivar showed a higher fold change in carotenoid precursors during transition from milky to doughing stages and an enhanced flux of lycopene towards β-carotene during grain maturation. Our results indicate that higher level of carotenoids in purple rice is a consequence of higher expression of genes involved in pyruvate metabolism as well as those involved in carotenoid biosynthesis such as PSY1, PDS and β-LCY. Co-expression networking revealed a strong positive relationship between the expression profiles of genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and genes coding for geranylgeranyl transferase type II, glutathione S-transferase, DnaJ and SET domain containing proteins as well as MADS26 and R2R3MYB family of transcription factors.
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21
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Sureshkumar V, Dutta B, Kumar V, Prakash G, Mishra DC, Chaturvedi KK, Rai A, Sevanthi AM, Solanke AU. RiceMetaSysB: a database of blast and bacterial blight responsive genes in rice and its utilization in identifying key blast-resistant WRKY genes. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2019; 2019:5310415. [PMID: 30753479 PMCID: PMC6369264 DOI: 10.1093/database/baz015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nearly two decades of revolution in the area of genomics serves as the basis of present-day molecular breeding in major food crops such as rice. Here we report an open source database on two major biotic stresses of rice, named RiceMetaSysB, which provides detailed information about rice blast and bacterial blight (BB) responsive genes (RGs). Meta-analysis of microarray data from different blast- and BB-related experiments across 241 and 186 samples identified 15135 unique genes for blast and 7475 for BB. A total of 9365 and 5375 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in blast and BB RGs were identified for marker development. Retrieval of candidate genes using different search options like genotypes, tissue, developmental stage of the host, strain, hours/days post-inoculation, physical position and SSR marker information is facilitated in the database. Search options like 'common genes among varieties' and 'strains' have been enabled to identify robust candidate genes. A 2D representation of the data can be used to compare expression profiles across genes, genotypes and strains. To demonstrate the utility of this database, we queried for blast-responsive WRKY genes (fold change ≥5) using their gene IDs. The structural variations in the 12 WRKY genes so identified and their promoter regions were explored in two rice genotypes contrasting for their reaction to blast infection. Expression analysis of these genes in panicle tissue infected with a virulent and an avirulent strain of Magnaporthe oryzae could identify WRKY7, WRKY58, WRKY62, WRKY64 and WRKY76 as potential candidate genes for resistance to panicle blast, as they showed higher expression only in the resistant genotype against the virulent strain. Thus, we demonstrated that RiceMetaSysB can play an important role in providing robust candidate genes for rice blast and BB.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sureshkumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Bipratip Dutta
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Vishesh Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India.,Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - G Prakash
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Dwijesh C Mishra
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - K K Chaturvedi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Rai
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Amitha Mithra Sevanthi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Amolkumar U Solanke
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
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22
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Pick U, Zarka A, Boussiba S, Davidi L. A hypothesis about the origin of carotenoid lipid droplets in the green algae Dunaliella and Haematococcus. PLANTA 2019; 249:31-47. [PMID: 30470898 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-3050-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hypercarotenogenesis in green algae evolved by mutation of PSY that increased its transcription at high light, disintegration of the eyespot in Dunaliella and acquisition of the capacity to export carotenoids from chloroplasts in Haematococcus. Carotenoids (Car) are lipid-soluble pigments synthesized in plants, algae, bacteria and fungi. Car have strong antioxidative properties and as such are utilized to reduce the danger of different diseases in humans. Two green microalgae are utilized as rich natural sources for Car: Dunaliella salina/bardawil accumulates 10% (w/w) β-carotene (βC), which is also pro-vitamin A, and Haematococcus pluvialis accumulates 4% (w/w) astaxanthin (Ast), the strongest antioxidant among Car. D. bardawil accumulates βC in plastoglobules within the chloroplast, whereas H. pluvialis deposits Ast in cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLD). In this review we compare the hypercarotenogenic responses (HCR) in Dunaliella and in Haematococcus and try to outline hypothetical evolutionary pathways for its origin. We propose that a mutation in phytoene synthetase that increased its transcription level in response to high light stress had a pivotal role in the evolution of the HCR. Proteomic analyses indicated that in D. bardawil/salina the HCR evolved from dissociation and amplification of eyespot lipid globules. The more robust HCR in algae that accumulate carotenoids in CLD, such as H. pluvialis, required also acquisition of the capacity to export βC out of the chloroplast and its enzymatic conversion into Ast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Pick
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Aliza Zarka
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boker Campus, Beer-Sheva, 8499000, Israel
| | - Sammy Boussiba
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boker Campus, Beer-Sheva, 8499000, Israel
| | - Lital Davidi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1569, USA
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Liang MH, Wang L, Wang Q, Zhu J, Jiang JG. High-value bioproducts from microalgae: Strategies and progress. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:2423-2441. [PMID: 29676930 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1455030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have been considered as alternative sustainable resources for high-value bioproducts such as lipids (especially triacylglycerides [TAGs]), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and carotenoids, due to their relatively high photosynthetic efficiency, no arable land requirement, and ease of scale-up. It is of great significance to exploit microalgae for the production of high-value bioproducts. How to improve the content or productivity of specific bioproducts has become one of the most urgent challenges. In this review, we will describe high-value bioproducts from microalgae and their biosynthetic pathways (mainly for lipids, PUFAs, and carotenoids). Recent progress and strategies for the enhanced production of bioproducts from microalgae are also described in detail, and these strategies take advantages of optimized cultivation conditions with abiotic stress, chemical stress (addition of metabolic precursors, phytohormones, chemical inhibitors, and chemicals inducing oxidative stress response), and molecular approaches such as metabolic engineering, transcriptional engineering, and gene disruption strategies (mainly RNAi, antisense RNA, miRNA-based knockdown, and CRISPR/Cas9).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Liang
- a College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ling Wang
- b School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology , Zhenjiang , China
| | - Qiming Wang
- c College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha , China
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- b School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology , Zhenjiang , China.,c College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha , China.,d Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland , USA
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- a College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
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24
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Sun XM, Ren LJ, Zhao QY, Ji XJ, Huang H. Microalgae for the production of lipid and carotenoids: a review with focus on stress regulation and adaptation. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:272. [PMID: 30305845 PMCID: PMC6171298 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have drawn great attention as promising sustainable source of lipids and carotenoids. Their lipid and carotenoids accumulation machinery can be trigged by the stress conditions such as nutrient limitation or exposure to the damaging physical factors. However, stressful conditions often adversely affect microalgal growth and cause oxidative damage to the cells, which can eventually reduce the yield of the desired products. To overcome these limitations, two-stage cultivation strategies and supplementation of growth-promoting agents have traditionally been utilized, but developing new highly adapted strains is theoretically the simplest strategy. In addition to genetic engineering, adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) is frequently used to develop beneficial phenotypes in industrial microorganisms during long-term selection under specific stress conditions. In recent years, many studies have gradually introduced ALE as a powerful tool to improve the biological properties of microalgae, especially for improving the production of lipid and carotenoids. In this review, strategies for the manipulation of stress in microalgal lipids and carotenoids production are summarized and discussed. Furthermore, this review summarizes the overall state of ALE technology, including available selection pressures, methods, and their applications in microalgae for the improved production of lipids and carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Man Sun
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu-Jing Ren
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan-Yu Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Ji
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Aburai N, Kazama H, Tsuruoka A, Goto M, Abe K. Development of a whole-cell-based screening method for a carotenoid assay using aerial microalgae. J Biotechnol 2018; 268:6-11. [PMID: 29307837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-destructive approaches based on the application of optical spectroscopy are important for monitoring carotenoid accumulation in a whole cell cultured under various conditions. A simple and rapid assay utilizing aerial microalgae helps to identify stress conditions that can efficiently enhance the carotenogenesis in photosynthetic organisms. The spectra of cell suspensions were characterized in the aerial microalga Coelastrella sp. KGU-Y002, which are unicellular and undifferentiated. Total carotenoid contents could be successfully estimated on the basis of the absorbance values of the cell suspensions and calibration data analyzed by HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography). A novel screening method, the so-called "whole-cell-based screening method" for carotenoid assays (WCA), was developed based on this procedure. It was possible to investigate the effects of various stresses on carotenoid accumulation in the aerial microalga by adapting this bioassay to a 96-well microtiter plate. When bioactive compounds were screened from our library of plant extracts using this method, an active compound was identified from the plant extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Aburai
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kazama
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tsuruoka
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | - Mizuki Goto
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | - Katsuya Abe
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan.
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Chen B, Wan C, Mehmood MA, Chang JS, Bai F, Zhao X. Manipulating environmental stresses and stress tolerance of microalgae for enhanced production of lipids and value-added products-A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:1198-1206. [PMID: 28601395 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have promising potential to produce lipids and a variety of high-value chemicals. Suitable stress conditions such as nitrogen starvation and high salinity could stimulate synthesis and accumulation of lipids and high-value products by microalgae, therefore, various stress-modification strategies were developed to manipulate and optimize cultivation processes to enhance bioproduction efficiency. On the other hand, advancements in omics-based technologies have boosted the research to globally understand microalgal gene regulation under stress conditions, which enable further improvement of production efficiency via genetic engineering. Moreover, integration of multi-omics data, synthetic biology design, and genetic engineering manipulations exhibits a tremendous potential in the betterment of microalgal biorefinery. This review discusses the process manipulation strategies and omics studies on understanding the regulation of metabolite biosynthesis under various stressful conditions, and proposes genetic engineering of microalgae to improve bioproduction via manipulating stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chun Wan
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Muhammad Aamer Mehmood
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan; Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Fengwu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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