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Li B, Zheng L, Yuan A, Ren Y, Xu Z, Liu Y, Tian J, Yu B, Shi X, Qiao L, Zhang Y. Mechanism analysis of essential oil from Radix Bupleuri for the treatment of asthma through regulation of ectopic olfactory receptor. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118592. [PMID: 39025162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Radix Bupleuri is the root of Bupleurum chinense DC. (BC) and a classic aromatic traditional Chinese medicine. The traditional pharmacological effects of Radix Bupleuri are alleviating bronchial spasms, dilating airways, and promoting the resolution of respiratory inflammation, thereby reducing asthma symptoms. AIM OF THE STUDY Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of water extracts from BC in asthma treatment. However, the potential role of volatile oil, another active constituent in BC, remains unexplored with asthma. Notably, volatile oil is renowned for its ease of absorption and direct targeting of affected areas, offering distinct advantages in alleviating airway inflammation. This study aims to explain the anti-asthmatic mechanism of BC-oil through in vivo and in vitro pharmacological experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, the OVA-induced SD rat asthma model was utilized to evaluate the pharmacological effect of BC-oil by lung function monitoring, HE staining, flow cytometry, ELISA, and RT-qPCR. The anti-asthmatic mechanism was further analyzed by combining transcriptomic analysis of lung tissue from rat model and airway smooth muscle tissue from public database. Initially, GC-MS was used to analyze the components of BC-oil. The anti-asthmatic activity was evaluated in 16-HBE, RBL-2H3, and ASMC cells using CAMKII inhibitors to explore of the critical signal transduction regulated by BC-oil. Furthermore, molecular docking and calcium flow assay were utilized to screen and identify the active components from BC-oil. RESULTS Oral administration of BC-oil significantly enhanced pulmonary function in asthmatic SD rats by reducing airway resistance and elastic resistance. Additionally, BC-oil inhibited inflammatory cytokines, including serum IL-2, pulmonary Il1b, Tnf, and Cxcl13, demonstrating potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. In this study, we analyzed the significant role of OR2W3 in asthma using public transcriptomic data. Furthermore, we indicated that BC-oil regulated the expression of Olr1433 and GNAL in rat lung tissue. BC-oil reduced degranulation and inhibited gene expression of Il3 and Tnf in RBL-2H3 cells and suppressed gene expression of IL8 and TNF in 16-HBE cells. BC-oil also attenuated airway smooth muscle cell proliferation and expression of Acta2 and Ccnd1. Furthermore, BC-oil regulates asthma-related cellular processes by activating CAMKII. GC-MS analysis identified 11 components of BC-oil, and n-hexadecanoic acid, linoleic acid and oleic acid from BC-oil were identified to interact with OR2W3 by molecular docking. The calcium flow assay revealed linoleic acid as a significant activator of OR2W3 and indicated that BC-oil alleviated asthma through the ectopic olfactory signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS The mechanism of BC-oil in treating asthma through signal transduction of OR2W3 is revealed at the molecular and cellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiyan Li
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Lulu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Anlei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yue Ren
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jiaye Tian
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiaojie Shi
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Liansheng Qiao
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
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Wei T, Ma D, Liu L, Huang Y, Zhang X, Xu M, Wei Y, Wei J, Deng X. Lactate promotes bone healing by regulating the osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through activating Olfr1440. Transl Res 2024:S1931-5244(24)00143-9. [PMID: 39038535 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Bone malunion or nonunion leads to functional and esthetic problems and is a major healthcare burden. Activation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and subsequent induction of osteogenic differentiation by local metabolites are crucial steps for bone healing, which has not yet been completely investigated. Here, we found that lactate levels are rapidly increased at the local injury site during the early phase of bone defect healing, which facilitates the healing process by enhancing BMSCs regenerative capacity. Mechanistically, lactate serves as a ligand for the Olfr1440 olfactory receptor, to trigger an intracellular calcium influx that in turn activates osteogenic phenotype transition of BMSCs. Conversely, ablation of Olfr1440 delays skeletal repair and remodelling, as evidenced by thinner cortical bone and less woven bone formation in vivo. Administration of lactate in the defect area enhanced bone regeneration. These findings thus revealed the key roles of lactate in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, which deepened our understanding of the bone healing process, as well as provided cues for a potential therapeutic option that might greatly improve bone defect treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Wei
- First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No.37A, Xishiku Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, PR China
| | - Danning Ma
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials; No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Lulu Liu
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials; No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials; No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- Department of Dental Materials & Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials; No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Mingming Xu
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials; No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials; No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Jinqi Wei
- First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No.37A, Xishiku Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, PR China.
| | - Xuliang Deng
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials; No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, PR China
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Abaffy T, Fu O, Harume-Nagai M, Goldenberg JM, Kenyon V, Kenakin T. Intracellular Allosteric Antagonist of the Olfactory Receptor OR51E2. Mol Pharmacol 2024; 106:21-32. [PMID: 38719475 PMCID: PMC11187688 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.123.000843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Olfactory receptors are members of class A (rhodopsin-like) family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Their expression and function have been increasingly studied in nonolfactory tissues, and many have been identified as potential therapeutic targets. In this manuscript, we focus on the discovery of novel ligands for the olfactory receptor family 51 subfamily E2 (OR51E2). We performed an artificial intelligence-based virtual drug screen of a ∼2.2 million small molecule library. Cell-based functional assay identified compound 80 (C80) as an antagonist and inverse agonist, and detailed pharmacological analysis revealed C80 acts as a negative allosteric modulator by significantly decreasing the agonist efficacy, while having a minimal effect on receptor affinity for agonist. C80 binds to an allosteric binding site formed by a network of nine residues localized in the intracellular parts of transmembrane domains 3, 5, 6, 7, and H8, which also partially overlaps with a G protein binding site. Mutational experiments of residues involved in C80 binding uncovered the significance of the C2406.37 position in blocking the activation-related conformational change and keeping the receptor in the inactive form. Our study provides a mechanistic understanding of the negative allosteric action of C80 on agonist-ctivated OR51E2. We believe the identification of the antagonist of OR51E2 will enable a multitude of studies aiming to determine the functional role of this receptor in specific biologic processes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: OR51E2 has been implicated in various biological processes, and its antagonists that can effectively modulate its activity have therapeutic potential. Here we report the discovery of a negative allosteric modulator of OR51E2 and provide a mechanistic understanding of its action. We demonstrate that this modulator has an inhibitory effect on the efficacy of the agonist for the receptor and reveal a network of nine residues that constitute its binding pocket, which also partially overlaps with the G protein binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Abaffy
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (T.A., O.F.); Columbia Center for Human Development/Columbia Center for Stem Cell Therapies Department, Columbia University, New York (M.H.-N.); Chemistry Department, School of Math and Science at the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland (J.M.G.); Atomwise Inc., San Francisco, California (J.M.G., V.K.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (T.K.)
| | - Olivia Fu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (T.A., O.F.); Columbia Center for Human Development/Columbia Center for Stem Cell Therapies Department, Columbia University, New York (M.H.-N.); Chemistry Department, School of Math and Science at the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland (J.M.G.); Atomwise Inc., San Francisco, California (J.M.G., V.K.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (T.K.)
| | - Maira Harume-Nagai
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (T.A., O.F.); Columbia Center for Human Development/Columbia Center for Stem Cell Therapies Department, Columbia University, New York (M.H.-N.); Chemistry Department, School of Math and Science at the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland (J.M.G.); Atomwise Inc., San Francisco, California (J.M.G., V.K.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (T.K.)
| | - Josh M Goldenberg
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (T.A., O.F.); Columbia Center for Human Development/Columbia Center for Stem Cell Therapies Department, Columbia University, New York (M.H.-N.); Chemistry Department, School of Math and Science at the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland (J.M.G.); Atomwise Inc., San Francisco, California (J.M.G., V.K.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (T.K.)
| | - Victor Kenyon
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (T.A., O.F.); Columbia Center for Human Development/Columbia Center for Stem Cell Therapies Department, Columbia University, New York (M.H.-N.); Chemistry Department, School of Math and Science at the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland (J.M.G.); Atomwise Inc., San Francisco, California (J.M.G., V.K.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (T.K.)
| | - Terry Kenakin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (T.A., O.F.); Columbia Center for Human Development/Columbia Center for Stem Cell Therapies Department, Columbia University, New York (M.H.-N.); Chemistry Department, School of Math and Science at the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland (J.M.G.); Atomwise Inc., San Francisco, California (J.M.G., V.K.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (T.K.)
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Liao Y, Cavalcante R, Waller J, Deng F, Scruggs A, Huang Y, Atasoy U, Chen Y, Huang S. Differences in the DNA Methylome of T cells in Adults With Asthma of Varying Severity. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4476948. [PMID: 38946998 PMCID: PMC11213176 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4476948/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Background DNA methylation plays a critical role in asthma development, but differences in DNA methylation among adults with varying asthma severity or asthma endotypes are less well-defined. Objective To examine how DNA methylomic patterns differ among adults with asthma based on asthma severity and airway inflammation. Methods Peripheral blood T cells from 35 adults with asthma in Beijing, China were serially collected over time (130 samples total) and analyzed for global DNA methylation using the Illumina MethylationEPIC Array. Differential methylation was compared among subjects with varying airway inflammation and severity, as measured by fraction of exhaled nitric oxide, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and Asthma Control Test (ACT) scores. Results Significant differences in DNA methylation were noted among subjects with different degrees of airway inflammation and asthma severity. These differences in DNA methylation were annotated to genes that were enriched in pathways related to asthma or T cell function and included gene ontology categories related to MHC class II assembly, T cell activation, interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-12. Genes related to P450 drug metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and developmental pathways were also differentially methylated in comparisons between subjects with high vs low FEV1 and ACT. Notable genes that were differentially methylated based on asthma severity included RUNX3, several members of the HLA family, AGT, PTPRC, PTPRJ, and several genes downstream of the JAK2 and TNF signaling pathway. Conclusion These findings demonstrate how adults with asthma of varying severity possess differences in peripheral blood T cell DNA methylation that contribute to the phenotype and severity of their overall disease.
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Weidinger D, Jacobsen J, Alisch D, Uebner H, Heinen N, Greune L, Westhoven S, Jamal Jameel K, Kronsbein J, Pfaender S, Taube C, Reuter S, Peters M, Hatt H, Knobloch J. Olfactory receptors impact pathophysiological processes of lung diseases in bronchial epithelial cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151408. [PMID: 38583306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic options for steroid-resistant non-type 2 inflammation in obstructive lung diseases are limited. Bronchial epithelial cells are key in the pathogenesis by releasing the central proinflammatory cytokine interleukine-8 (IL-8). Olfactory receptors (ORs) are expressed in various cell types. This study examined the drug target potential of ORs by investigating their impact on associated pathophysiological processes in lung epithelial cells. METHODS Experiments were performed in the A549 cell line and in primary human bronchial epithelial cells. OR expression was investigated using RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunocytochemical staining. OR-mediated effects were analyzed by measuring 1) intracellular calcium concentration via calcium imaging, 2) cAMP concentration by luminescence-based assays, 3) wound healing by scratch assays, 4) proliferation by MTS-based assays, 5) cellular vitality by Annexin V/PI-based FACS staining, and 6) the secretion of IL-8 in culture supernatants by ELISA. RESULTS By screening 100 potential OR agonists, we identified two, Brahmanol and Cinnamaldehyde, that increased intracellular calcium concentrations. The mRNA and proteins of the corresponding receptors OR2AT4 and OR2J3 were detected. Stimulation of OR2J3 with Cinnamaldehyde reduced 1) IL-8 in the absence and presence of bacterial and viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), 2) proliferation, and 3) wound healing but increased cAMP. In contrast, stimulation of OR2AT4 by Brahmanol increased wound healing but did not affect cAMP and proliferation. Both ORs did not influence cell vitality. CONCLUSION ORs might be promising drug target candidates for lung diseases with non-type 2 inflammation. Their stimulation might reduce inflammation or prevent tissue remodeling by promoting wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Weidinger
- Medical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, Bochum 44789, Germany
| | - Julian Jacobsen
- Medical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, Bochum 44789, Germany
| | - Desiree Alisch
- Medical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, Bochum 44789, Germany
| | - Hendrik Uebner
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center Essen - Ruhrlandklinik, Tüschener Weg 40, Essen 45239, Germany
| | - Natalie Heinen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Lea Greune
- Medical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, Bochum 44789, Germany
| | - Saskia Westhoven
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany; Research Unit Emerging Viruses, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kaschin Jamal Jameel
- Medical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, Bochum 44789, Germany
| | - Juliane Kronsbein
- Medical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, Bochum 44789, Germany
| | - Stephanie Pfaender
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany; Research Unit Emerging Viruses, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany; University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center Essen - Ruhrlandklinik, Tüschener Weg 40, Essen 45239, Germany
| | - Sebastian Reuter
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center Essen - Ruhrlandklinik, Tüschener Weg 40, Essen 45239, Germany
| | - Marcus Peters
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Hanns Hatt
- Cell Physiology ND4/35, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Jürgen Knobloch
- Medical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, Bochum 44789, Germany.
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Beito MR, Ashraf S, Odogwu D, Harmancey R. Role of Ectopic Olfactory Receptors in the Regulation of the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Axis. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:548. [PMID: 38792570 PMCID: PMC11122380 DOI: 10.3390/life14050548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Olfactory receptors (ORs) represent one of the largest yet least investigated families of G protein-coupled receptors in mammals. While initially believed to be functionally restricted to the detection and integration of odors at the olfactory epithelium, accumulating evidence points to a critical role for ectopically expressed ORs in the regulation of cellular homeostasis in extranasal tissues. This review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge on the expression and physiological functions of ectopic ORs in the cardiovascular system, kidneys, and primary metabolic organs and emphasizes how altered ectopic OR signaling in those tissues may impact cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Romain Harmancey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.R.B.); (S.A.); (D.O.)
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Colinas O, Mombaerts P, López-Barneo J, Ortega-Sáenz P. Carotid Body Function in Tyrosine Hydroxylase Conditional Olfr78 Knockout Mice. FUNCTION 2024; 5:zqae010. [PMID: 38706960 PMCID: PMC11065104 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The Olfr78 gene encodes a G-protein-coupled olfactory receptor that is expressed in several ectopic sites. Olfr78 is one of the most abundant mRNA species in carotid body (CB) glomus cells. These cells are the prototypical oxygen (O2) sensitive arterial chemoreceptors, which, in response to lowered O2 tension (hypoxia), activate the respiratory centers to induce hyperventilation. It has been proposed that Olfr78 is a lactate receptor and that glomus cell activation by the increase in blood lactate mediates the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR). However, this proposal has been challenged by several groups showing that Olfr78 is not a physiologically relevant lactate receptor and that the O2-based regulation of breathing is not affected in constitutive Olfr78 knockout mice. In another study, constitutive Olfr78 knockout mice were reported to have altered systemic and CB responses to mild hypoxia. To further characterize the functional role of Olfr78 in CB glomus cells, we here generated a conditional Olfr78 knockout mouse strain and then restricted the knockout to glomus cells and other catecholaminergic cells by crossing with a tyrosine hydroxylase-specific Cre driver strain (TH-Olfr78 KO mice). We find that TH-Olfr78 KO mice have a normal HVR. Interestingly, glomus cells of TH-Olfr78 KO mice exhibit molecular and electrophysiological alterations as well as a reduced dopamine content in secretory vesicles and neurosecretory activity. These functional characteristics resemble those of CB neuroblasts in wild-type mice. We suggest that, although Olfr78 is not essential for CB O2 sensing, activation of Olfr78-dependent pathways is required for maturation of glomus cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalla Colinas
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevile 41013, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41009, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Sevile 41013, Spain
| | - Peter Mombaerts
- Max Planck Research Unit for Neurogenetics, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - José López-Barneo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevile 41013, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41009, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Sevile 41013, Spain
| | - Patricia Ortega-Sáenz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevile 41013, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41009, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Sevile 41013, Spain
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Park SJ, Greer PL, Lee N. From odor to oncology: non-canonical odorant receptors in cancer. Oncogene 2024; 43:304-318. [PMID: 38087050 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02908-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Odorant receptors, traditionally associated with olfaction as chemoreceptors, have been increasingly recognized for their presence and diverse functions in various non-nasal tissues throughout the body. Beyond their roles in sensory perception, emerging evidence suggests a compelling interplay between odorant receptors and cancer progression as well. Alongside the canonical GPCR odorant receptors, dysregulation of non-canonical odorant receptors such as trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs), formyl peptide receptors (FPRs), and membrane-spanning 4A family (MS4As) has been observed in various cancer types, suggesting their contributions to cancer progression. The roles of these non-canonical chemoreceptors in cancer are complex, with some receptors promoting tumorigenesis and others acting as tumor-suppressing factors upon activation, depending on the cancer type. These findings shed light on the potential of non-canonical odorant receptors as therapeutic targets and prognostic markers in cancer, inviting further exploration to unravel their precise mechanisms of action and implications in cancer biology. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the intricate relationships between these chemoreceptors and various types of cancer, potentially paving the way for innovative odor-based therapeutics. Ultimately, this review discusses the potential development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting these non-canonical chemoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jin Park
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Paul L Greer
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Namgyu Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Kang M, Ahn B, Youk S, Jeon H, Soundarajan N, Cho ES, Park W, Park C. Individual and population diversity of 20 representative olfactory receptor genes in pigs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18668. [PMID: 37907519 PMCID: PMC10618239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45784-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the influence of genetic variations in olfactory receptor (OR) genes on the olfaction-influenced phenotypes such as behaviors, reproduction, and feeding is important in animal biology. However, our understanding of the complexity of the OR subgenome is limited. In this study, we analyzed 1120 typing results of 20 representative OR genes belonging to 13 OR families on 14 pig chromosomes from 56 individuals belonging to seven different breeds using a sequence-based OR typing method. We showed that the presence of copy number variations, conservation of locus-specific diversity, abundance of breed-specific alleles, presence of a loss-of-function allele, and low-level purifying selection in pig OR genes could be common characteristics of OR genes in mammals. The observed nucleotide sequence diversity of pig ORs was higher than that of dogs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the individual- or population-level characterization of a large number of OR family genes in livestock species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingue Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongyong Ahn
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyeon Youk
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoim Jeon
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Eun-Seok Cho
- Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Woncheoul Park
- Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Li Z, Song Y, Xu W, Chen J, Zhou R, Yang M, Zhu G, Luo X, Ai Z, Liu Y, Su D. Pulsatilla chinensis saponins improve SCFAs regulating GPR43-NLRP3 signaling pathway in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 308:116215. [PMID: 36806339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pulsatilla decoction has been extensively used to treat ulcerative colitis (UC) in recent years. Pulsatilla chinensis saponin (PRS), the active ingredient of its monarch medicine Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel, plays a crucial role in the treatment of UC, but its specific mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the protective effect and possible mechanism of PRS on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the DSS-induced colitis model was used to explore the metabolism and absorption of PRS under UC, detect the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in colon tissue, the expression of receptor G Protein-Coupled Receptor 43 (GPR43) protein and inflammasome NLRP3, and observe the expression level of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in colon tissue. The protective effect of the PRS was also observed. RESULTS It was found that in the UC group, the absorption rate and extent of drugs increased, and the elimination was accelerated. Compared with the control group, PRS increased the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in colon tissue, promoted the expression of SCFAs receptor GPR43 protein, inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and decreased the content of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. PRS protects the colon in DSS-induced inflammatory bowel disease by increasing the content of SCFAs, promoting the expression of GPR43 protein, inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and reversing the increase in IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels. CONCLUSIONS PRS can increase the content of colonic SCFAs, activate the GPR43-NLRP3 signaling pathway, and reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby improving the symptoms of DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexie Li
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Efficcacy (Prevention and Treatment of Brain Disease with Mental Disorders), Key Laboratory of Depression Animal Model Based on TCM syndrome, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM for Prevention and Treatment of Brain Diseases with Cognitive Dysfunction, Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yonggui Song
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Efficcacy (Prevention and Treatment of Brain Disease with Mental Disorders), Key Laboratory of Depression Animal Model Based on TCM syndrome, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM for Prevention and Treatment of Brain Diseases with Cognitive Dysfunction, Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Weize Xu
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Efficcacy (Prevention and Treatment of Brain Disease with Mental Disorders), Key Laboratory of Depression Animal Model Based on TCM syndrome, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM for Prevention and Treatment of Brain Diseases with Cognitive Dysfunction, Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jingbin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Efficcacy (Prevention and Treatment of Brain Disease with Mental Disorders), Key Laboratory of Depression Animal Model Based on TCM syndrome, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM for Prevention and Treatment of Brain Diseases with Cognitive Dysfunction, Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Rou Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Efficcacy (Prevention and Treatment of Brain Disease with Mental Disorders), Key Laboratory of Depression Animal Model Based on TCM syndrome, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM for Prevention and Treatment of Brain Diseases with Cognitive Dysfunction, Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Jiangxi Guxiang Jinyun Comprehensive Health Industry Co., Ltd., Nanchang, China
| | - Genhua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Efficcacy (Prevention and Treatment of Brain Disease with Mental Disorders), Key Laboratory of Depression Animal Model Based on TCM syndrome, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM for Prevention and Treatment of Brain Diseases with Cognitive Dysfunction, Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xiaoquan Luo
- SPF Exeriment mice and rats Production base in Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhifu Ai
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Efficcacy (Prevention and Treatment of Brain Disease with Mental Disorders), Key Laboratory of Depression Animal Model Based on TCM syndrome, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM for Prevention and Treatment of Brain Diseases with Cognitive Dysfunction, Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation, Health Commission of Jiangxi Province, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330006, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Quality Evaluation on anti-Inflammatory Chinese Herbs, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Nanchang Medical College, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Dan Su
- Key Laboratory of Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Efficcacy (Prevention and Treatment of Brain Disease with Mental Disorders), Key Laboratory of Depression Animal Model Based on TCM syndrome, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM for Prevention and Treatment of Brain Diseases with Cognitive Dysfunction, Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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11
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Guerrero SC, Panettieri RA, Rastogi D. Mechanistic Links Between Obesity and Airway Pathobiology Inform Therapies for Obesity-Related Asthma. Paediatr Drugs 2023; 25:283-299. [PMID: 36656428 PMCID: PMC11071627 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-022-00554-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-related asthma is associated with a high disease burden and a poor response to existent asthma therapies, suggesting that it is a distinct asthma phenotype. The proposed mechanisms that contribute to obesity-related asthma include the effects of the mechanical load of obesity, adipokine perturbations, and immune dysregulation. Each of these influences airway smooth muscle function. Mechanical fat load alters airway smooth muscle stretch affecting airway wall geometry, airway smooth muscle contractility, and agonist delivery; weight loss strategies, including medically induced weight loss, counter these effects. Among the metabolic disturbances, insulin resistance and free fatty acid receptor activation influence distinct signaling pathways in the airway smooth muscle downstream of both the M2 muscarinic receptor and the β2 adrenergic receptor, such as phospholipase C and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling cascade. Medications that decrease insulin resistance and dyslipidemia are associated with a lower asthma disease burden. Leptin resistance is best understood to modulate muscarinic receptors via the neural pathways but there are no specific therapies for leptin resistance. From the immune perspective, monocytes and T helper cells are involved in systemic pro-inflammatory profiles driven by obesity, notably associated with elevated levels of interleukin-6. Clinical trials on tocilizumab, an anti-interleukin antibody, are ongoing for obesity-related asthma. This armamentarium of therapies is distinct from standard asthma medications, and once investigated for its efficacy and safety among children, will serve as a novel therapeutic intervention for pediatric obesity-related asthma. Irrespective of the directionality of the association between asthma and obesity, airway-specific mechanistic studies are needed to identify additional novel therapeutic targets for obesity-related asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cabrera Guerrero
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Deepa Rastogi
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
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12
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Jundi D, Coutanceau JP, Bullier E, Imarraine S, Fajloun Z, Hong E. Expression of olfactory receptor genes in non-olfactory tissues in the developing and adult zebrafish. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4651. [PMID: 36944644 PMCID: PMC10030859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30895-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of olfactory receptor (OR) genes, their expression in non-olfactory tissues have been reported in rodents and humans. For example, mouse OR23 (mOR23) is expressed in sperm and muscle cells and has been proposed to play a role in chemotaxis and muscle migration, respectively. In addition, mouse mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons express various ORs, which respond to corresponding ligands. As the OR genes comprise the largest multigene family of G protein-coupled receptors in vertebrates (over 400 genes in human and 1000 in rodents), it has been difficult to categorize the extent of their diverse expression in non-olfactory tissues making it challenging to ascertain their function. The zebrafish genome contains significantly fewer OR genes at around 140 genes, and their expression pattern can be easily analyzed by carrying out whole mount in situ hybridization (ISH) assay in larvae. In this study, we found that 31 out of 36 OR genes, including or104-2, or108-1, or111-1, or125-4, or128-1, or128-5, 133-4, or133-7, or137-3 are expressed in various tissues, including the trunk, pharynx, pancreas and brain in the larvae. In addition, some OR genes are expressed in distinct brain regions such as the hypothalamus and the habenula in a dynamic temporal pattern between larvae, juvenile and adult zebrafish. We further confirmed that OR genes are expressed in non-olfactory tissues by RT-PCR in larvae and adults. These results indicate tight regulation of OR gene expression in the brain in a spatial and temporal manner and that the expression of OR genes in non-olfactory tissues are conserved in vertebrates. This study provides a framework to start investigating the function of ORs in the zebrafish brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Jundi
- INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS), Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli, 1300, Lebanon
| | - Jean-Pierre Coutanceau
- INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS), Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Erika Bullier
- INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS), Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Soumaiya Imarraine
- INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS), Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire Jean Perrin-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (LJP-IBPS), Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Ziad Fajloun
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli, 1300, Lebanon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences 3, Campus Michel Slayman, Lebanese University, Tripoli, 1352, Lebanon
| | - Elim Hong
- INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS), Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France.
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13
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Loss of smell in lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: Prevalence and relationship with food habit changes. Lung Cancer 2023; 177:29-36. [PMID: 36701841 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapies exhibit a series of adverse side effects including smell and taste alterations, which can have a significant impact on their food behavior and quality of life. Particularly, olfactory alterations are often underestimated, although declared as frequent by cancer patients. In the present study, we set out to examine loss of smell in lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and its relationship to food habits. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-four bronchial cancer patients receiving cisplatin and 44 controls age and gender matched participants were tested for olfactory and gustatory functions using the European Test of Olfactory Capabilities and the Taste Strips test. Participants reported their food and dietary habits by filling a self-administered questionnaire. Patients were tested under two different sessions: i) before the beginning of the treatment, and ii) 6 weeks later, after 2 cycles of chemotherapy. Controls were tested under the same protocol with two sessions separated by 6 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The results highlighted decreased smell and taste abilities in almost half of the lung patients' group even before the exposition to Cisplatin. On a perceptual level, patients rated typical food odors as less edible compared to controls. Moreover, within the patients' group, hyposmics reported using more condiments, possibly as a compensatory mechanism to their decreased sensory abilities. Taken together, these findings showed that loss of smell is prevalent in lung cancer patients and is related to changes in dietary practices including seasoning. Future studies will provide a better understanding of these sensory compensation mechanisms associated with olfactory loss and their effects on food pleasure in this patient population.
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14
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Curtis TM, Nilon AM, Greenberg AJ, Besner M, Scibek JJ, Nichols JA, Huie JL. Odorant Binding Causes Cytoskeletal Rearrangement, Leading to Detectable Changes in Endothelial and Epithelial Barrier Function and Micromotion. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:329. [PMID: 36979541 PMCID: PMC10046532 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Non-olfactory cells have excellent biosensor potential because they express functional olfactory receptors (ORs) and are non-neuronal cells that are easy to culture. ORs are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and there is a well-established link between different classes of G-proteins and cytoskeletal structure changes affecting cellular morphology that has been unexplored for odorant sensing. Thus, the present study was conducted to determine if odorant binding in non-olfactory cells causes cytoskeletal changes that will lead to cell changes detectable by electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS). To this end, we used the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which express OR10J5, and the human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells, which express OR2AT4. Using these two different cell barriers, we showed that odorant addition, lyral and Sandalore, respectively, caused an increase in cAMP, changes in the organization of the cytoskeleton, and a decrease in the integrity of the junctions between the cells, causing a decrease in cellular electrical resistance. In addition, the random cellular movement of the monolayers (micromotion) was significantly decreased after odorant exposure. Collectively, these data demonstrate a new physiological role of olfactory receptor signaling in endothelial and epithelial cell barriers and represent a new label-free method to detect odorant binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M. Curtis
- Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland, Cortland, NY 13045, USA
| | - Annabella M. Nilon
- Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland, Cortland, NY 13045, USA
| | | | - Matthew Besner
- Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland, Cortland, NY 13045, USA
| | - Jacob J. Scibek
- Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland, Cortland, NY 13045, USA
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15
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Short-chain fatty acid receptors and gut microbiota as therapeutic targets in metabolic, immune, and neurological diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 239:108273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Teveroni E, Di Nicuolo F, Vergani E, Bruno C, Maulucci G, Bianchetti G, Astorri AL, Grande G, Gervasoni J, Santucci L, De Spirito M, Urbani A, Pontecorvi A, Mancini F, Milardi D. Short-Chain Fatty Acids Modulate Sperm Migration through Olfactory Receptor 51E2 Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112726. [PMID: 36361515 PMCID: PMC9658011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-orthotopic expression of olfactory receptors (ORs) includes the male reproductive system, and in particular spermatozoa; their active ligands could be essential to sperm chemotaxis and chemical sperm-oocyte communication. OR51E2 expression has been previously reported on sperm cells' surface. It has been demonstrated in different cellular models that olfactory receptor 51E2 (OR51E2) binds volatile short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as specific ligands. In the present research, we make use of Western blot, confocal microscopy colocalization analysis, and the calcium-release assay to demonstrate the activation of sperm cells through OR51E2 upon SCFAs stimulus. Moreover, we perform a novel modified swim-up assay to study the involvement of OR51E2/SCFAs in sperm migration. Taking advantage of computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA system), we determine the kinematics parameters of sperm cells migrating towards SCFAs-enriched medium, revealing that these ligands are able to promote a more linear sperm-cell orientation. Finally, we obtain SCFAs by mass spectrometry in cervico-vaginal mucus and show for the first time that a direct incubation between cervical mucus and sperm cells could promote their activation. This study can shed light on the possible function of chemosensory receptors in successful reproduction activity, laying the foundation for the development of new strategies for the treatment of infertile individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Teveroni
- International Scientific Institute “Paul VI”, ISI, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Di Nicuolo
- International Scientific Institute “Paul VI”, ISI, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Vergani
- Division of Endocrinology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Bruno
- Division of Endocrinology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maulucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Biophysics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giada Bianchetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Biophysics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Astorri
- International Scientific Institute “Paul VI”, ISI, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grande
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Jacopo Gervasoni
- Department of Laboratory and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Lavinia Santucci
- Metabolomics Research Core Facility, Gemelli Science and Technology Park (GSteP), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Biophysics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Department of Laboratory and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- International Scientific Institute “Paul VI”, ISI, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Division of Endocrinology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: or
| | - Francesca Mancini
- International Scientific Institute “Paul VI”, ISI, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Milardi
- Division of Endocrinology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Chao YM, Tain YL, Lee WC, Wu KLH, Yu HR, Chan JYH. Protection by -Biotics against Hypertension Programmed by Maternal High Fructose Diet: Rectification of Dysregulated Expression of Short-Chain Fatty Acid Receptors in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus of Adult Offspring. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204306. [PMID: 36296991 PMCID: PMC9609147 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the brain on the developmental programming of hypertension is poorly understood. The present study explored dysregulated tissue levels of SCFAs and expression of SCFA-sensing receptors in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), a key forebrain region engaged in neural regulation of blood pressure of offspring to maternal high fructose diet (HFD) exposure. We further investigated the engagement of SCFA-sensing receptors in PVN in the beneficial effects of -biotics (prebiotic, probiotic, synbiotic, and postbiotic) on programmed hypertension. Maternal HFD during gestation and lactation significantly reduced circulating butyrate, along with decreased tissue level of butyrate and increased expression of SCFA-sensing receptors, GPR41 and olfr78, and tissue oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in PVN of HFD offspring that were rectified by oral supplement with -biotics. Gene silencing of GPR41 or olfr78 mRNA in PVN also protected adult HFD offspring from programmed hypertension and alleviated the induced oxidative stress and inflammation in PVN. In addition, oral supplement with postbiotic butyrate restored tissue butyrate levels, rectified expressions of GPR41 and olfr78 in PVN, and protected against programmed hypertension in adult HFD offspring. These data suggest that alterations in tissue butyrate level, expression of GPR41 and olfr78, and activation of SCFA-sensing receptor-dependent tissue oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in PVN could be novel mechanisms that underlie hypertension programmed by maternal HFD exposure in adult offspring. Furthermore, oral -biotics supplementation may exert beneficial effects on hypertension of developmental origin by targeting dysfunctional SCFA-sensing receptors in PVN to exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Mei Chao
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chia Lee
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Kay L. H. Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Julie Y. H. Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +886-7733-8415
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18
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Xu X, Khater M, Wu G. The olfactory receptor OR51E2 activates ERK1/2 through the Golgi-localized Gβγ-PI3Kγ-ARF1 pathway in prostate cancer cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1009380. [PMID: 36313302 PMCID: PMC9606680 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1009380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The olfactory receptor OR51E2 is ectopically expressed in prostate tissues and regulates prostate cancer progression, but its function and regulation in oncogenic mitogen-activate protein kinase (MAPK) activation are poorly defined. Here we demonstrate that β-ionone, an OR51E2 agonist, dose-dependently activates extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in prostate cancer cells, with an EC50 value of approximate 20 μM and an efficiency comparable to other receptor agonists. We also find that CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of Golgi-translocating Gγ9 subunit, phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) and the small GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1), as well as pharmacological inhibition of Gβγ, PI3Kγ and Golgi-localized ARF1, each abolishes ERK1/2 activation by β-ionone. We further show that β-ionone significantly promotes ARF1 translocation to the Golgi and activates ARF1 that can be inhibited by Gγ9 and PI3Kγ depletion. Collectively, our data demonstrate that OR51E2 activates ERK1/2 through the Gβγ-PI3Kγ-ARF1 pathway that occurs spatially at the Golgi, and also provide important insights into MAPK hyper-activation in prostate cancer.
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Xu J, Moore BN, Pluznick JL. Short-Chain Fatty Acid Receptors and Blood Pressure Regulation: Council on Hypertension Mid-Career Award for Research Excellence 2021. Hypertension 2022; 79:2127-2137. [PMID: 35912645 PMCID: PMC9458621 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.18558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome influences host physiology and pathophysiology through several pathways, one of which is microbial production of chemical metabolites which interact with host signaling pathways. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are a class of gut microbial metabolites known to activate multiple signaling pathways in the host. Growing evidence indicates that the gut microbiome is linked to blood pressure, that SCFAs modulate blood pressure regulation, and that delivery of exogenous SCFAs lowers blood pressure. Given that hypertension is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the examination of novel contributors to blood pressure regulation has the potential to lead to novel approaches or treatments. Thus, this review will discuss SCFAs with a focus on their host G protein-coupled receptors including GPR41 (G protein-coupled receptor 41), GPR43, and GPR109A, as well as OLFR78 (olfactory receptor 78) and OLFR558. This includes a discussion of the ligand profiles, G protein coupling, and tissue distribution of each receptor. We will also review phenotypes relevant to blood pressure regulation which have been reported to date for Gpr41, Gpr43, Gpr109a, and Olfr78 knockout mice. In addition, we will consider how SCFA signaling influences physiology at baseline, and, how SCFA signaling may contribute to blood pressure regulation in settings of hypertension. In sum, this review will integrate current knowledge regarding how SCFAs and their receptors regulate blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Xu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Brittni N. Moore
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Jennifer L. Pluznick
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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Yang Z, Cheng J, Shang P, Sun JP, Yu X. Emerging roles of olfactory receptors in glucose metabolism. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 33:463-476. [PMID: 36229334 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory receptors (ORs) are widely expressed in extra-nasal tissues, where they participate in the regulation of divergent physiological processes. An increasing body of evidence over the past decade has revealed important regulatory roles for extra-nasal ORs in glucose metabolism. Recently, nonodorant endogenous ligands of ORs with metabolic significance have been identified, implying the therapeutic potential of ORs in the treatment of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and obesity. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the expression patterns and functions of ORs in key tissues involved in glucose metabolism modulation, describe odorant and endogenous OR ligands, explain the biased signaling downstream of ORs, and outline OR therapeutic potential.
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21
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Lakshmanan AP, Murugesan S, Al Khodor S, Terranegra A. The potential impact of a probiotic: Akkermansia muciniphila in the regulation of blood pressure—the current facts and evidence. Lab Invest 2022; 20:430. [PMID: 36153618 PMCID: PMC9509630 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03631-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) is present in the human gut microbiota from infancy and gradually increases in adulthood. The potential impact of the abundance of A. muciniphila has been studied in major cardiovascular diseases including elevated blood pressure or hypertension (HTN). HTN is a major factor in premature death worldwide, and approximately 1.28 billion adults aged 30–79 years have hypertension. A. muciniphila is being considered a next-generation probiotic and though numerous studies had highlighted the positive role of A. muciniphila in lowering/controlling the HTN, however, few studies had highlighted the negative impact of increased abundance of A. muciniphila in the management of HTN. Thus, in the review, we aimed to discuss the current facts, evidence, and controversy about the role of A. muciniphila in the pathophysiology of HTN and its potential effect on HTN management/regulation, which could be beneficial in identifying the drug target for the management of HTN.
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22
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Lee JY, Seo S, Shin B, Hong SH, Kwon E, Park S, Hur YM, Lee DK, Kim YJ, Han SB. Development of a New Biomarker Model for Predicting Preterm Birth in Cervicovaginal Fluid. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080734. [PMID: 36005605 PMCID: PMC9416165 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is a social problem that adversely affects not only the survival rate of the fetus, but also the premature babies and families, so there is an urgent need to find accurate biomarkers. We noted that among causes, eubiosis of the vaginal microbial community to dysbiosis leads to changes in metabolite composition. In this study, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) representing dysbiosis were derivatized using (N-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide, MTBSTFA) and targeted analysis was conducted in extracted organic phases of cervicovaginal fluid (CVF). In residual aqueous CVF, polar metabolites produced biochemistry process were derivatized using methoxyamine and N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA), and non-targeted analysis were conducted. Nine SCFAs were quantified, and 58 polar metabolites were detected in 90 clinical samples using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The criteria of statistical analysis and detection rate of clinical sample for development of PTB biomarkers were presented, and 19 biomarkers were selected based on it, consisting of 1 SCFA, 2 organic acids, 4 amine compounds, and 12 amino acids. In addition, the model was evaluated as a suitable indicator for predicting PTB without distinction between sample collection time. We hope that the developed biomarkers based on microbiota-derived metabolites could provide useful diagnostic biomarkers for actual patients and pre-pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Youn Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Sumin Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Bohyun Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Se Hee Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Eunjin Kwon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Ewha Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07984, Korea
| | - Sunwha Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Ewha Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07984, Korea
| | - Young Min Hur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Ewha Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07984, Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-K.L.); (Y.J.K.); (S.B.H.)
| | - Young Ju Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Ewha Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07984, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-K.L.); (Y.J.K.); (S.B.H.)
| | - Sang Beom Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-K.L.); (Y.J.K.); (S.B.H.)
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Xu J, Pluznick JL. Key Amino Acids Alter Activity and Trafficking of a Well-conserved Olfactory Receptor. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C1279-C1288. [PMID: 35544696 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00440.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we elucidate factors that regulate the trafficking and activity of a well-conserved olfactory receptor (OR), Olfr558, and its human ortholog OR51E1. Results indicate that butyrate activates Olfr558/OR51E1 leading to the production of cAMP, and evokes Ca2+ influx. We also find Golf increases cAMP production induced by Olfr558/OR51E1 activation but does not affect trafficking. Given the 93% sequence identity between OR51E1 and Olfr558, it is surprising to note that OR51E1 has significantly more surface expression yet similar total protein expression. We find that replacing the Olfr558 N-terminus with that of OR51E1 significantly increases trafficking; in contrast, there is no change in surface expression conferred by the Olfr558 TM2, TM3, or TM4 domains. A previous analysis of human OR51E1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified an A156T mutant primarily found in South Asia as the most abundant (albeit still rare). We find that the OR51E1 A156T mutant has reduced surface expression and cAMP production without a change in total protein expression. In sum, this study of a well-conserved olfactory receptor identifies both protein regions and specific amino acid residues that play key roles in protein trafficking, and also elucidates common effects of Golf on the regulation of both the human and murine OR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Xu
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jennifer L Pluznick
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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Geng R, Wang Y, Fang J, Zhao Y, Li M, Kang SG, Huang K, Tong T. Ectopic odorant receptors responding to flavor compounds in skin health and disease: Current insights and future perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9392-9408. [PMID: 35445618 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2064812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Skin, the largest organ of human body, acts as a barrier to protect body from the external environment and is exposed to a myriad of flavor compounds, especially food- and plant essential oil-derived odorant compounds. Skin cells are known to express various chemosensory receptors, such as transient potential receptors, adenosine triphosphate receptors, taste receptors, and odorant receptors (ORs). We aim to provide a review of this rapidly developing field and discuss latest discoveries related to the skin ORs activated by flavor compounds, their impacts on skin health and disease, odorant ligands interacting with ORs exerting specific biological effects, and the mechanisms involved. ORs are recently found to be expressed in skin tissue and cells, such as keratinocytes, melanocytes, and fibroblasts. To date, several ectopic skin ORs responding to flavor compounds, are involved in different skin biological processes, such as wound healing, hair growth, melanin regulation, pressure stress, skin barrier function, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis. The recognition of physiological role of skin ORs, combined with the fact that ORs belong to a highly druggable protein family (G protein-coupled receptors), underscores the potential of skin ORs responding to flavor compounds as a novel regulating strategy for skin health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixuan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Seong-Gook Kang
- Department of Food Engineering, Mokpo National University, Chungkyemyon, Muangun, Jeonnam, Korea
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Tong
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
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25
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Nakashima A, Nakashima N, Nakashima K, Takano M. Olfactory receptor 78 is expressed in hypothalamic vasopressin/oxytocin neurons, parenchymal microglia and choroidal macrophages in mice. Mol Brain 2022; 15:29. [PMID: 35379313 PMCID: PMC8981654 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00917-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory receptors have been detected in extraolfactory organs. Olfactory receptor 78 (Olfr78), proposed to respond to small organic acids, is widely expressed in the kidney, arterioles, colon, and prostate. However, its expression patterns in the brain remain largely unknown. Using immunohistochemistry, we revealed that Olfr78 was densely expressed in the hypothalamus and choroid plexus and sparsely expressed throughout the parenchyma. By costaining with cellular markers, we further found that Olfr78 was expressed in the somata and axons of vasopressin/oxytocin neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular/supraoptic nuclei. Olfr78 was also strongly expressed in macrophages in the choroid plexus and moderately expressed in microglia near the parenchymal vasculature. Considering that these brain regions should communicate with cerebral blood flow, Olfr78 could contribute to sensing the humoral conditions surrounding the cerebrovascular system.
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26
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Abstract
The carotid body (CB) is a bilateral arterial chemoreceptor located in the carotid artery bifurcation with an essential role in cardiorespiratory homeostasis. It is composed of highly perfused cell clusters, or glomeruli, innervated by sensory fibers. Glomus cells, the most abundant in each glomerulus, are neuron-like multimodal sensory elements able to detect and integrate changes in several physical and chemical parameters of the blood, in particular O2 tension, CO2 and pH, as well as glucose, lactate, or blood flow. Activation of glomus cells (e.g., during hypoxia or hypercapnia) stimulates the afferent fibers which impinge on brainstem neurons to elicit rapid compensatory responses (hyperventilation and sympathetic activation). This chapter presents an updated view of the structural organization of the CB and the mechanisms underlying the chemosensory responses of glomus cells, with special emphasis on the molecular processes responsible for acute O2 sensing. The properties of the glomus cell-sensory fiber synapse as well as the organization of CB output are discussed. The chapter includes the description of recently discovered CB stem cells and progenitor cells, and their role in CB growth during acclimatization to hypoxemia. Finally, the participation of the CB in the mechanisms of disease is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José López-Barneo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain; Biomedical Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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27
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Abstract
Oxygen (O2) is essential for life and therefore the supply of sufficient O2 to the tissues is a major physiological challenge. In mammals, a deficit of O2 (hypoxia) triggers rapid cardiorespiratory reflexes (e.g. hyperventilation and increased heart output) that within a few seconds increase the uptake of O2 by the lungs and its distribution throughout the body. The prototypical acute O2-sensing organ is the carotid body (CB), which contains sensory glomus cells expressing O2-regulated ion channels. In response to hypoxia, glomus cells depolarize and release transmitters which activate afferent fibers terminating at the brainstem respiratory and autonomic centers. In this review, we summarize the basic properties of CB chemoreceptor cells and the essential role played by their specialized mitochondria in acute O2 sensing and signaling. We focus on recent data supporting a "mitochondria-to-membrane signaling" model of CB chemosensory transduction. The possibility that the differential expression of specific subunit isoforms and enzymes could allow mitochondria to play a generalized adaptive O2-sensing and signaling role in a wide variety of cells is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José López-Barneo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Ortega-Sáenz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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28
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Xu X, Chen R, Zhan G, Wang D, Tan X, Xu H. Enterochromaffin Cells: Sentinels to Gut Microbiota in Hyperalgesia? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:760076. [PMID: 34722345 PMCID: PMC8552036 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.760076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, increasing studies have been conducted on the mechanism of gut microbiota in neuropsychiatric diseases and non-neuropsychiatric diseases. The academic community has also recognized the existence of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Chronic pain has always been an urgent difficulty for human beings, which often causes anxiety, depression, and other mental symptoms, seriously affecting people's quality of life. Hyperalgesia is one of the main adverse reactions of chronic pain. The mechanism of gut microbiota in hyperalgesia has been extensively studied, providing a new target for pain treatment. Enterochromaffin cells, as the chief sentinel for sensing gut microbiota and its metabolites, can play an important role in the interaction between the gut microbiota and hyperalgesia through paracrine or neural pathways. Therefore, this systematic review describes the role of gut microbiota in the pathological mechanism of hyperalgesia, learns about the role of enterochromaffin cell receptors and secretions in hyperalgesia, and provides a new strategy for pain treatment by targeting enterochromaffin cells through restoring disturbed gut microbiota or supplementing probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongmin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaofeng Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Danning Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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29
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The macrophage odorant receptor Olfr78 mediates the lactate-induced M2 phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2102434118. [PMID: 34504016 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102434118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression and function of odorant receptors (ORs), which account for more than 50% of G protein-coupled receptors, are being increasingly reported in nonolfactory sites. However, ORs that can be targeted by drugs to treat diseases remain poorly identified. Tumor-derived lactate plays a crucial role in multiple signaling pathways leading to generation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). In this study, we hypothesized that the macrophage OR Olfr78 functions as a lactate sensor and shapes the macrophage-tumor axis. Using Olfr78 +/+ and Olfr78 -/- bone marrow-derived macrophages with or without exogenous Olfr78 expression, we demonstrated that Olfr78 sensed tumor-derived lactate, which was the main factor in tumor-conditioned media responsible for generation of protumoral M2-TAMs. Olfr78 functioned together with Gpr132 to mediate lactate-induced generation of protumoral M2-TAMs. In addition, syngeneic Olfr78-deficient mice exhibited reduced tumor progression and metastasis together with an increased anti- versus protumoral immune cell population. We propose that the Olfr78-lactate interaction is a therapeutic target to reduce and prevent tumor progression and metastasis.
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Ectopic Odorant Receptor Responding to Flavor Compounds: Versatile Roles in Health and Disease. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081314. [PMID: 34452275 PMCID: PMC8402194 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prompted by the ground-breaking discovery of the rodent odorant receptor (OR) gene family within the olfactory epithelium nearly 30 years ago, followed by that of OR genes in cells of the mammalian germ line, and potentiated by the identification of ORs throughout the body, our appreciation for ORs as general chemoreceptors responding to odorant compounds in the regulation of physiological or pathophysiological processes continues to expand. Ectopic ORs are now activated by a diversity of flavor compounds and are involved in diverse physiological phenomena varying from adipogenesis to myogenesis to hepatic lipid accumulation to serotonin secretion. In this review, we outline the key biological functions of the ectopic ORs responding to flavor compounds and the underlying molecular mechanisms. We also discuss research opportunities for utilizing ectopic ORs as therapeutic strategies in the treatment of human disease as well as challenges to be overcome in the future. The recognition of the potent function, signaling pathway, and pharmacology of ectopic ORs in diverse tissues and cell types, coupled with the fact that they belong to G protein-coupled receptors, a highly druggable protein family, unequivocally highlight the potential of ectopic ORs responding to flavor compounds, especially food-derived odorant compounds, as a promising therapeutic strategy for various diseases.
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31
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Zhang S, Li L, Li H. Role of ectopic olfactory receptors in glucose and lipid metabolism. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4792-4807. [PMID: 34411276 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome has become one of the major public health challenges in the world, and adjusting glucose and lipid levels to their normal values is crucial for treating the metabolic syndrome. Olfactory receptors (ORs) expressed in extra-nasal tissues participate in diverse biological processes, including the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Ectopic ORs can regulate a variety of metabolic events including insulin secretion, glucagon secretion, fatty acid oxidation, lipogenesis and thermogenesis. Understanding the physiological function and deciphering the olfactory recognition code by suitable ligands make ectopic ORs potential targets for the treatment of the metabolic syndrome. In this review, we delineate the roles and mechanisms of ectopic ORs in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, summarize the corresponding natural ligands, and discuss existing problems and the therapeutic potential of targeting ORs in the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linghuan Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanbing Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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32
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Phillips-Farfán B, Gómez-Chávez F, Medina-Torres EA, Vargas-Villavicencio JA, Carvajal-Aguilera K, Camacho L. Microbiota Signals during the Neonatal Period Forge Life-Long Immune Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158162. [PMID: 34360926 PMCID: PMC8348731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota regulates immunological development during early human life, with long-term effects on health and disease. Microbial products include short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), formyl peptides (FPs), polysaccharide A (PSA), polyamines (PAs), sphingolipids (SLPs) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands. Anti-inflammatory SCFAs are produced by Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Spirochaetes and Verrucomicrobia by undigested-carbohydrate fermentation. Thus, fiber amount and type determine their occurrence. FPs bind receptors from the pattern recognition family, those from commensal bacteria induce a different response than those from pathogens. PSA is a capsular polysaccharide from B. fragilis stimulating immunoregulatory protein expression, promoting IL-2, STAT1 and STAT4 gene expression, affecting cytokine production and response modulation. PAs interact with neonatal immunity, contribute to gut maturation, modulate the gut–brain axis and regulate host immunity. SLPs are composed of a sphingoid attached to a fatty acid. Prokaryotic SLPs are mostly found in anaerobes. SLPs are involved in proliferation, apoptosis and immune regulation as signaling molecules. The AhR is a transcription factor regulating development, reproduction and metabolism. AhR binds many ligands due to its promiscuous binding site. It participates in immune tolerance, involving lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells during early development in exposed humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Phillips-Farfán
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City 04530, Mexico; (B.P.-F.); (K.C.-A.)
| | - Fernando Gómez-Chávez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City 04530, Mexico; (F.G.-C.); (J.A.V.-V.)
- Cátedras CONACyT-Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City 04530, Mexico
- Departamento de Formación Básica Disciplinaria, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico
| | | | | | - Karla Carvajal-Aguilera
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City 04530, Mexico; (B.P.-F.); (K.C.-A.)
| | - Luz Camacho
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City 04530, Mexico; (B.P.-F.); (K.C.-A.)
- Correspondence:
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33
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Weidinger D, Jovancevic N, Zwanziger D, Theurer S, Hönes J, Führer D, Hatt H. Functional Characterization of Olfactory Receptors in the Thyroid Gland. Front Physiol 2021; 12:676907. [PMID: 34385931 PMCID: PMC8353271 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.676907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory receptors (ORs) are almost ubiquitously expressed in the human body. However, information about their functions in these tissues is lacking. To date, no functional characterization of expressed ORs in the human thyroid has been performed. In this study, we detected and compared the expression of OR2H2 and OR2W3 in healthy and malignant cell lines and their corresponding tissues, respectively. We demonstrated that stimulation of ORs by their specific ligand resulted in a transient increase in intracellular calcium and cAMP concentrations. In the case of OR2H2, the downstream signaling cascade analysis revealed that adenylate cyclase (AC) and phosphoinositide phospholipase C (PLC) were involved. Furthermore, OR2H2 and OR2W3 activation affected migration, proliferation, and invasion. These are the first insights that ORs influence physiology-relevant processes in the healthy and malignant thyroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Weidinger
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Denise Zwanziger
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sarah Theurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Judith Hönes
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Führer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hanns Hatt
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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34
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Lactate sensing mechanisms in arterial chemoreceptor cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4166. [PMID: 34230483 PMCID: PMC8260783 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Classically considered a by-product of anaerobic metabolism, lactate is now viewed as a fundamental fuel for oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, and preferred over glucose by many tissues. Lactate is also a signaling molecule of increasing medical relevance. Lactate levels in the blood can increase in both normal and pathophysiological conditions (e.g., hypoxia, physical exercise, or sepsis), however the manner by which these changes are sensed and induce adaptive responses is unknown. Here we show that the carotid body (CB) is essential for lactate homeostasis and that CB glomus cells, the main oxygen sensing arterial chemoreceptors, are also lactate sensors. Lactate is transported into glomus cells, leading to a rapid increase in the cytosolic NADH/NAD+ ratio. This in turn activates membrane cation channels, leading to cell depolarization, action potential firing, and Ca2+ influx. Lactate also decreases intracellular pH and increases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, which further activates glomus cells. Lactate and hypoxia, although sensed by separate mechanisms, share the same final signaling pathway and jointly activate glomus cells to potentiate compensatory cardiorespiratory reflexes. Lactate levels in blood change during hypoxia or exercise, however whether this variable is sensed to evoke adaptive responses is unknown. Here the authors show that oxygen-sensing carotid body cells stimulated by hypoxia are also activated by lactate to potentiate a compensatory ventilatory response.
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35
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Poll BG, Chen L, Chou CL, Raghuram V, Knepper MA. Landscape of GPCR expression along the mouse nephron. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F50-F68. [PMID: 34029142 PMCID: PMC8321805 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00077.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney transport and other renal functions are regulated by multiple G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed along the renal tubule. The rapid, recent appearance of comprehensive unbiased gene expression data in the various renal tubule segments, chiefly RNA sequencing and protein mass spectrometry data, has provided a means of identifying patterns of GPCR expression along the renal tubule. To allow for comprehensive mapping, we first curated a comprehensive list of GPCRs in the genomes of mice, rats, and humans (https://hpcwebapps.cit.nih.gov/ESBL/Database/GPCRs/) using multiple online data sources. We used this list to mine segment-specific and cell type-specific expression data from RNA-sequencing studies in microdissected mouse tubule segments to identify GPCRs that are selectively expressed in discrete tubule segments. Comparisons of these mapped mouse GPCRs with other omics datasets as well as functional data from isolated perfused tubule and micropuncture studies confirmed patterns of expression for well-known receptors and identified poorly studied GPCRs that are likely to play roles in the regulation of renal tubule function. Thus, we provide data resources for GPCR expression across the renal tubule, highlighting both well-known GPCRs and understudied receptors to provide guidance for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Poll
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lihe Chen
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chung-Lin Chou
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Viswanathan Raghuram
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark A Knepper
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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36
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Poll BG, Cheema MU, Pluznick JL. Gut Microbial Metabolites and Blood Pressure Regulation: Focus on SCFAs and TMAO. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 35:275-284. [PMID: 32490748 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00004.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Shifts in the gut microbiome play a key role in blood pressure regulation, and changes in the production of gut microbial metabolites are likely to be a key mechanism. Known gut microbial metabolites include short-chain fatty acids, which can signal via G-protein-coupled receptors, and trimethylamine-N oxide. In this review, we provide an overview of gut microbial metabolites documented thus far to play a role in blood pressure regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Poll
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Muhammad Umar Cheema
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer L Pluznick
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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37
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Luo X, Yin J, Dwyer D, Yamawaki T, Zhou H, Ge H, Han CY, Shkumatov A, Snyder K, Ason B, Li CM, Homann O, Stolina M. Chamber-enriched gene expression profiles in failing human hearts with reduced ejection fraction. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11839. [PMID: 34088950 PMCID: PMC8178406 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91214-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) constitutes 50% of HF hospitalizations and is characterized by high rates of mortality. To explore the underlying mechanisms of HFrEF etiology and progression, we studied the molecular and cellular differences in four chambers of non-failing (NF, n = 10) and HFrEF (n = 12) human hearts. We identified 333 genes enriched within NF heart subregions and often associated with cardiovascular disease GWAS variants. Expression analysis of HFrEF tissues revealed extensive disease-associated transcriptional and signaling alterations in left atrium (LA) and left ventricle (LV). Common left heart HFrEF pathologies included mitochondrial dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Oxidative stress and cardiac necrosis pathways were prominent within LV, whereas TGF-beta signaling was evident within LA. Cell type composition was estimated by deconvolution and revealed that HFrEF samples had smaller percentage of cardiomyocytes within the left heart, higher representation of fibroblasts within LA and perivascular cells within the left heart relative to NF samples. We identified essential modules associated with HFrEF pathology and linked transcriptome discoveries with human genetics findings. This study contributes to a growing body of knowledge describing chamber-specific transcriptomics and revealed genes and pathways that are associated with heart failure pathophysiology, which may aid in therapeutic target discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Luo
- Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Research, 1120 Veterans BLVD, South San Francisco, CA, 94010, USA
| | - Jun Yin
- Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Research, 1120 Veterans BLVD, South San Francisco, CA, 94010, USA
| | - Denise Dwyer
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Tracy Yamawaki
- Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Research, 1120 Veterans BLVD, South San Francisco, CA, 94010, USA
| | - Hong Zhou
- Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Research, 1120 Veterans BLVD, South San Francisco, CA, 94010, USA
| | - Hongfei Ge
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Research, 1120 Veterans BLVD, South San Francisco, CA, 94010, USA
| | - Chun-Ya Han
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Artem Shkumatov
- TS&BA Pathology, Amgen Research, 1120 Veterans BLVD, South San Francisco, CA, 94010, USA
| | - Karen Snyder
- Clinical Biomarkers, Amgen Research, 1120 Veterans BLVD, South San Francisco, CA, 94010, USA
| | - Brandon Ason
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Research, 1120 Veterans BLVD, South San Francisco, CA, 94010, USA
| | - Chi-Ming Li
- Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Research, 1120 Veterans BLVD, South San Francisco, CA, 94010, USA
| | - Oliver Homann
- Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Research, 1120 Veterans BLVD, South San Francisco, CA, 94010, USA
| | - Marina Stolina
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA.
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38
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Camoretti-Mercado B, Lockey RF. Airway smooth muscle pathophysiology in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:1983-1995. [PMID: 34092351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The airway smooth muscle (ASM) cell plays a central role in the pathogenesis of asthma and constitutes an important target for treatment. These cells control muscle tone and thus regulate the opening of the airway lumen and air passage. Evidence indicates that ASM cells participate in the airway hyperresponsiveness as well as the inflammatory and remodeling processes observed in asthmatic subjects. Therapeutic approaches require a comprehensive understanding of the structure and function of the ASM in both the normal and disease states. This review updates current knowledge about ASM and its effects on airway narrowing, remodeling, and inflammation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Camoretti-Mercado
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla.
| | - Richard F Lockey
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla
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39
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Nucleoporin TPR Affects C2C12 Myogenic Differentiation via Regulation of Myh4 Expression. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061271. [PMID: 34063931 PMCID: PMC8224082 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) has emerged as a hub for the transcriptional regulation of a subset of genes, and this type of regulation plays an important role during differentiation. Nucleoporin TPR forms the nuclear basket of the NPC and is crucial for the enrichment of open chromatin around NPCs. TPR has been implicated in the regulation of transcription; however, the role of TPR in gene expression and cell differentiation has not been described. Here we show that depletion of TPR results in an aberrant morphology of murine proliferating C2C12 myoblasts (MBs) and differentiated C2C12 myotubes (MTs). The ChIP-Seq data revealed that TPR binds to genes linked to muscle formation and function, such as myosin heavy chain (Myh4), myocyte enhancer factor 2C (Mef2C) and a majority of olfactory receptor (Olfr) genes. We further show that TPR, possibly via lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), promotes the expression of Myh4 and Olfr376, but not Mef2C. This provides a novel insight into the mechanism of myogenesis; however, more evidence is needed to fully elucidate the mechanism by which TPR affects specific myogenic genes.
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40
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Mey JT, Matuska B, Peterson L, Wyszynski P, Koo M, Sharp J, Pennington E, McCarroll S, Micklewright S, Zhang P, Aronica M, Hoddy KK, Champagne CM, Heymsfield SB, Comhair SAA, Kirwan JP, Erzurum SC, Mulya A. Resting Energy Expenditure Is Elevated in Asthma. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041065. [PMID: 33805960 PMCID: PMC8064324 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Asthma physiology affects respiratory function and inflammation, factors that may contribute to elevated resting energy expenditure (REE) and altered body composition. Objective: We hypothesized that asthma would present with elevated REE compared to weight-matched healthy controls. Methods: Adults with asthma (n = 41) and healthy controls (n = 20) underwent indirect calorimetry to measure REE, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) to measure body composition, and 3-day diet records. Clinical assessments included spirometry, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO), and a complete blood count. Results: Asthmatics had greater REE than controls amounting to an increase of ~100 kcals/day, even though body mass index (BMI) and body composition were similar between groups. Inclusion of asthma status and FENO in validated REE prediction equations led to improved estimates. Further, asthmatics had higher white blood cell (control vs. asthma (mean ± SD): 4.7 ± 1.1 vs. 5.9 ± 1.6, p < 0.01) and neutrophil (2.8 ± 0.9 vs. 3.6 ± 1.4, p = 0.02) counts that correlated with REE (both p < 0.01). Interestingly, despite higher REE, asthmatics reported consuming fewer calories (25.1 ± 7.5 vs. 20.3 ± 6.0 kcals/kg/day, p < 0.01) and carbohydrates than controls. Conclusion: REE is elevated in adults with mild asthma, suggesting there is an association between REE and the pathophysiology of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T. Mey
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (J.T.M.); (K.K.H.); (C.M.C.); (S.B.H.); (J.P.K.)
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (B.M.); (L.P.); (P.W.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.A.); (S.A.A.C.); (S.C.E.)
| | - Brittany Matuska
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (B.M.); (L.P.); (P.W.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.A.); (S.A.A.C.); (S.C.E.)
| | - Laura Peterson
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (B.M.); (L.P.); (P.W.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.A.); (S.A.A.C.); (S.C.E.)
| | - Patrick Wyszynski
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (B.M.); (L.P.); (P.W.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.A.); (S.A.A.C.); (S.C.E.)
| | - Michelle Koo
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (B.M.); (L.P.); (P.W.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.A.); (S.A.A.C.); (S.C.E.)
| | - Jacqueline Sharp
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (B.M.); (L.P.); (P.W.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.A.); (S.A.A.C.); (S.C.E.)
| | - Emily Pennington
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (E.P.); (S.M.); (S.M.); (P.Z.)
| | - Stephanie McCarroll
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (E.P.); (S.M.); (S.M.); (P.Z.)
| | - Sarah Micklewright
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (E.P.); (S.M.); (S.M.); (P.Z.)
| | - Peng Zhang
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (E.P.); (S.M.); (S.M.); (P.Z.)
| | - Mark Aronica
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (B.M.); (L.P.); (P.W.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.A.); (S.A.A.C.); (S.C.E.)
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (E.P.); (S.M.); (S.M.); (P.Z.)
| | - Kristin K. Hoddy
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (J.T.M.); (K.K.H.); (C.M.C.); (S.B.H.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Catherine M. Champagne
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (J.T.M.); (K.K.H.); (C.M.C.); (S.B.H.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Steven B. Heymsfield
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (J.T.M.); (K.K.H.); (C.M.C.); (S.B.H.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Suzy A. A. Comhair
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (B.M.); (L.P.); (P.W.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.A.); (S.A.A.C.); (S.C.E.)
| | - John P. Kirwan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (J.T.M.); (K.K.H.); (C.M.C.); (S.B.H.); (J.P.K.)
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (B.M.); (L.P.); (P.W.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.A.); (S.A.A.C.); (S.C.E.)
| | - Serpil C. Erzurum
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (B.M.); (L.P.); (P.W.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.A.); (S.A.A.C.); (S.C.E.)
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (E.P.); (S.M.); (S.M.); (P.Z.)
| | - Anny Mulya
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (B.M.); (L.P.); (P.W.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.A.); (S.A.A.C.); (S.C.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(216)-445-6625; Fax: +1-(216)-636-0104
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41
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Microbial Regulation of Host Physiology by Short-chain Fatty Acids. Trends Microbiol 2021; 29:700-712. [PMID: 33674141 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Our ancestral diet consisted of much more nondigestible fiber than that of many societies today. Thus, from an evolutionary perspective the human genome and its physiological and nutritional requirements are not well aligned to modern dietary habits. Fiber reaching the colon is anaerobically fermented by the gut bacteria, which produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as metabolic by-products. SCFAs play a role in intestinal homeostasis, helping to explain why changes in the microbiota can contribute to the pathophysiology of human diseases. Recent research has shown that SCFAs can also have effects on tissues and organs beyond the gut, through their circulation in the blood. SCFAs not only signal through binding to cognate G-protein-coupled receptors on endocrine and immune cells in the body but also induce epigenetic changes in the genome through effects on the activity of histone acetylase and histone deacetylase enzymes. Furthermore, epigenetic imprinting likely occurs in utero, highlighting the importance of the maternal diet in early life. Here we review current understanding of how SCFAs impact on human and animal physiology and discuss the potential applications of SCFAs in the prevention and treatment of human diseases.
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42
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Raka RN, Wu H, Xiao J, Hossen I, Cao Y, Huang M, Jin J. Human ectopic olfactory receptors and their food originated ligands: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5424-5443. [PMID: 33605814 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1885007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic olfactory receptors (EORs) are expressed in non-nasal tissues of human body. They belong to the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. EORs may not be capable of differentiating odorants as nasal olfactory receptors (ORs), but still can be triggered by odorants and are involved in different biological processes such as anti-inflammation, energy metabolism, apoptosis etc. Consumption of strong flavored foods like celery, oranges, onions, and spices, is a good aid to attenuate inflammation and boost our immune system. During the digestion of these foods in human digestive system and the metabolization by gut microbiota, the odorants closely interacting with EORs, may play important roles in various bio-functions like serotonin release, appetite regulation etc., and ultimately impact health and diseases. Thus, EORs could be a potential target linking the ligands from food and their bioactivities. There have been related studies in different research fields of medicine and physiology, but still no systematic food oriented review. Our review portrays that EORs could be a potential target for functional food development. In this review, we summarized the EORs found in human tissues, their impacts on health and disease, ligands interacting with EORs exerting specific biological effects, and the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifat Nowshin Raka
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China
| | - Junsong Xiao
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China
| | - Imam Hossen
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Cao
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing, China
| | - Mingquan Huang
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Jianming Jin
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China
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43
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Wu AD, Dan W, Zhang Y, Vemaraju S, Upton BA, Lang RA, Buhr ED, Berkowitz DE, Gallos G, Emala CW, Yim PD. Opsin 3-G αs Promotes Airway Smooth Muscle Relaxation Modulated by G Protein Receptor Kinase 2. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:59-68. [PMID: 33058732 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0392oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we characterized blue light-mediated relaxation (photorelaxation) of airway smooth muscle (ASM) and implicated the involvement of opsin 3 (OPN3), an atypical opsin. In the present study, we characterized the cellular signaling mechanisms of photorelaxation. We confirmed the functional role of OPN3 in blue light photorelaxation using trachea from OPN3 null mice (maximal relaxation 52 ± 13% compared with wild-type mice 90 ± 4.3%, P < 0.05). We then demonstrated colocalization of OPN3 and Gαs using co-IP and proximity ligation assays in primary human ASM cells, which was further supported by an increase in cAMP in mouse trachea treated with blue light compared with dark controls (23 ± 3.6 vs. 14 ± 2.6 pmol cAMP/ring, P < 0.05). Downstream PKA (protein kinase A) involvement was shown by inhibiting photorelaxation using Rp-cAMPS (P < 0.0001). Moreover, we observed converging mechanisms of desensitization by chronic β2-agonist exposure in mouse trachea and correlated this finding with colocalization of OPN3 and GRK2 (G protein receptor kinase) in primary human ASM cells. Finally, an overexpression model of OPN1LW (a red light photoreceptor in the same opsin family) in human ASM cells showed an increase in intracellular cAMP levels following red light exposure compared with nontransfected cells (48 ± 13 vs. 13 ± 2.1 pmol cAMP/mg protein, P < 0.01), suggesting a conserved photorelaxation mechanism for wavelengths of light that are more tissue penetrant. Together, these results demonstrate that blue light photorelaxation in ASM is mediated by the OPN3 receptor interacting with Gαs, which increases cAMP levels, activating PKA and modulated by GRK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy D Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - William Dan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Shruti Vemaraju
- The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute.,Divisions of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Center for Chronobiology, and
| | - Brian A Upton
- The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute.,Divisions of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Center for Chronobiology, and.,Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program.,Medical Scientist Training Program, and
| | - Richard A Lang
- The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute.,Divisions of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Center for Chronobiology, and.,Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ethan D Buhr
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, Washington; and
| | - Dan E Berkowitz
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - George Gallos
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Charles W Emala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Peter D Yim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
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44
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Zhang YH, Li Z, Zeng T, Chen L, Li H, Huang T, Cai YD. Detecting the Multiomics Signatures of Factor-Specific Inflammatory Effects on Airway Smooth Muscles. Front Genet 2021; 11:599970. [PMID: 33519902 PMCID: PMC7838645 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.599970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscles are a specific muscle subtype that is widely identified in the tissues of internal passageways. This muscle subtype has the capacity for controlled or regulated contraction and relaxation. Airway smooth muscles are a unique type of smooth muscles that constitute the effective, adjustable, and reactive wall that covers most areas of the entire airway from the trachea to lung tissues. Infection with SARS-CoV-2, which caused the world-wide COVID-19 pandemic, involves airway smooth muscles and their surrounding inflammatory environment. Therefore, airway smooth muscles and related inflammatory factors may play an irreplaceable role in the initiation and progression of several severe diseases. Many previous studies have attempted to reveal the potential relationships between interleukins and airway smooth muscle cells only on the omics level, and the continued existence of numerous false-positive optimal genes/transcripts cannot reflect the actual effective biological mechanisms underlying interleukin-based activation effects on airway smooth muscles. Here, on the basis of newly presented machine learning-based computational approaches, we identified specific regulatory factors and a series of rules that contribute to the activation and stimulation of airway smooth muscles by IL-13, IL-17, or the combination of both interleukins on the epigenetic and/or transcriptional levels. The detected discriminative factors (genes) and rules can contribute to the identification of potential regulatory mechanisms linking airway smooth muscle tissues and inflammatory factors and help reveal specific pathological factors for diseases associated with airway smooth muscle inflammation on multiomics levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zhandong Li
- College of Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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45
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Krymskaya VP, Penn RB. Enlightening Ways to Relax Airway Smooth Muscle: Opsins. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:4-6. [PMID: 33166477 PMCID: PMC7781008 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0468ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vera P. Krymskaya
- Perelman School of
MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia,
Pennsylvaniaand
| | - Raymond B. Penn
- Korman Respiratory InstituteThomas
Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania
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46
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The odorant receptor OR2W3 on airway smooth muscle evokes bronchodilation via a cooperative chemosensory tradeoff between TMEM16A and CFTR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28485-28495. [PMID: 33097666 PMCID: PMC7668088 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003111117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Odorant sensing GPCRs are the largest gene family in the human genome. We previously found multiple olfactory receptors and their obligate downstream effectors expressed in the smooth muscle of human bronchi. However, the extent to which odorant-sensing receptors (and the ligands to which they respond) on airway smooth muscle (ASM) are physiologically relevant is not established. Here we show that a monoterpene nerol activates the odorant receptor OR2W3 to relax ASM in both cell and tissue models. Surprisingly, the mechanism of action of OR2W3-mediated ASM relaxation involves paradoxical increases in [Ca2+]i that invoke a cooperative activation of TMEM16A and CFTR to compartmentalize calcium and regulate excitation-contraction coupling in human ASM cells. The recent discovery of sensory (tastant and odorant) G protein-coupled receptors on the smooth muscle of human bronchi suggests unappreciated therapeutic targets in the management of obstructive lung diseases. Here we have characterized the effects of a wide range of volatile odorants on the contractile state of airway smooth muscle (ASM) and uncovered a complex mechanism of odorant-evoked signaling properties that regulate excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling in human ASM cells. Initial studies established multiple odorous molecules capable of increasing intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) in ASM cells, some of which were (paradoxically) associated with ASM relaxation. Subsequent studies showed a terpenoid molecule (nerol)-stimulated OR2W3 caused increases in [Ca2+]i and relaxation of ASM cells. Of note, OR2W3-evoked [Ca2+]i mobilization and ASM relaxation required Ca2+ flux through the store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) pathway and accompanied plasma membrane depolarization. This chemosensory odorant receptor response was not mediated by adenylyl cyclase (AC)/cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels or by protein kinase A (PKA) activity. Instead, ASM olfactory responses to the monoterpene nerol were predominated by the activity of Ca2+-activated chloride channels (TMEM16A), including the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) expressed on endo(sarco)plasmic reticulum. These findings demonstrate compartmentalization of Ca2+ signals dictates the odorant receptor OR2W3-induced ASM relaxation and identify a previously unrecognized E-C coupling mechanism that could be exploited in the development of therapeutics to treat obstructive lung diseases.
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47
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A dietary anthocyanin cyanidin-3-O-glucoside binds to PPARs to regulate glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in mice. Commun Biol 2020; 3:514. [PMID: 32948821 PMCID: PMC7501857 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01231-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate the mechanism by which C3G, a major dietary anthocyanin, regulates energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Oral administration of C3G reduced hepatic and plasma triglyceride levels, adiposity, and improved glucose tolerance in mice fed high-fat diet. Hepatic metabolomic analysis revealed that C3G shifted metabolite profiles towards fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. C3G increased glucose uptake in HepG2 cells and C2C12 myotubes and induced the rate of hepatic fatty acid oxidation. C3G directly interacted with and activated PPARs, with the highest affinity for PPARα. The ability of C3G to reduce plasma and hepatic triglycerides, glucose tolerance, and adiposity and to induce oxygen consumption and energy expenditure was abrogated in PPARα-deficient mice, suggesting that PPARα is the major target for C3G. These findings demonstrate that the dietary anthocyanin C3G activates PPARs, a master regulators of energy metabolism. C3G is an agonistic ligand of PPARs and stimulates fuel preference to fat.
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48
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Fang HZ, Hu DL, Li Q, Tu S. Risk gene identification and support vector machine learning to construct an early diagnosis model of myocardial infarction. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1775-1782. [PMID: 32705275 PMCID: PMC7411293 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify genes associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and construct an early diagnosis model based on support vector machine (SVM) learning. The gene expression profile data of GSE34198, containing 97 human blood samples including 49 patients with MI and 48 healthy individuals, were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) screening, DEG enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network investigation and clustering analysis were performed. The feature genes were identified using the neighboring score algorithm. Furthermore, a recursive feature elimination (RFE) algorithm was employed to screen risk factors among feature genes. The SVM prediction model was constructed and validated using the dataset GSE61144. A total of 1,207 DEGs (724 downregulated, 483 upregulated) between the two groups were identified. PPI analysis investigated 1,083 DEGs and 46,363 edges. In total, 87 genes were selected as candidate genes, and were primarily enriched in functions including ‘G-protein coupled receptor signaling’ or pathways such as ‘focal adhesion’. Furthermore, 15 genes with a high RFE score were selected to construct an SVM prediction model. The model's average accuracy was 86%. Data set verification showed that the predictive precision reached 0.92. High expression of the genes vascular endothelial growth factor A, A-kinase anchoring protein 12 and olfactory receptor 8D2 were potential risk factors for MI. The SVM early diagnosis model constructed by candidate genes could not only predict early MI, but also provide risk probability according to the severity of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Zhi Fang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Li Hu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Su Tu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
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49
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Mizuta K, Sasaki H, Zhang Y, Matoba A, Emala CW. The short-chain free fatty acid receptor FFAR3 is expressed and potentiates contraction in human airway smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L1248-L1260. [PMID: 32209026 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00357.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs; acetate, propionate, and butyrate) are important modulators of the inflammatory state in diseases such as asthma. However, the functional expression of the Gi protein-coupled free fatty acid receptors (FFAR2/GPR43 and FFAR3/GPR41) has not been identified on airway smooth muscle (ASM). Classically, acute activation of Gi-coupled receptors inhibits cyclic AMP (cAMP) synthesis, which impairs ASM relaxation and can also induce crosstalk between Gi- and Gq-signaling pathways, potentiating increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), favoring ASM contraction. In contrast, chronic activation of Gi-coupled receptors can sensitize adenylyl cyclase resulting in increased cAMP synthesis favoring relaxation. We questioned whether the Gi-coupled FFAR2 or FFAR3 is expressed in human ASM, whether they modulate cAMP and [Ca2+]i, and whether SCFAs modulate human ASM tone. We detected the protein expression of FFAR3 but not FFAR2 in native human ASM and primary cultured human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells. In HASM cells, acute activation of FFAR3 with SCFAs inhibited forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation, but chronic activation did not sensitize cAMP synthesis. SCFAs induced [Ca2+]i increases that were attenuated by pertussis toxin, gallein, U73122, or xestospongin C. Acute treatment with SCFAs potentiated acetylcholine-stimulated [Ca2+]i increases and stress fiber formation in cells and contraction of ex vivo human airway tissues. In contrast, chronic pretreatment of human ASM with propionate did not potentiate airway relaxation. Together, these findings demonstrate that FFAR3 is expressed in human ASM and contributes to ASM contraction via reduced cAMP and increased [Ca2+]i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Mizuta
- Division of Dento-oral Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Haruka Sasaki
- Division of Dento-oral Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Atsuko Matoba
- Division of Dento-oral Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Charles W Emala
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York
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50
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Soelter J, Schumacher J, Spors H, Schmuker M. Computational exploration of molecular receptive fields in the olfactory bulb reveals a glomerulus-centric chemical map. Sci Rep 2020; 10:77. [PMID: 31919393 PMCID: PMC6952415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56863-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress in olfactory research is currently hampered by incomplete knowledge about chemical receptive ranges of primary receptors. Moreover, the chemical logic underlying the arrangement of computational units in the olfactory bulb has still not been resolved. We undertook a large-scale approach at characterising molecular receptive ranges (MRRs) of glomeruli in the dorsal olfactory bulb (dOB) innervated by the MOR18-2 olfactory receptor, also known as Olfr78, with human ortholog OR51E2. Guided by an iterative approach that combined biological screening and machine learning, we selected 214 odorants to characterise the response of MOR18-2 and its neighbouring glomeruli. We found that a combination of conventional physico-chemical and vibrational molecular descriptors performed best in predicting glomerular responses using nonlinear Support-Vector Regression. We also discovered several previously unknown odorants activating MOR18-2 glomeruli, and obtained detailed MRRs of MOR18-2 glomeruli and their neighbours. Our results confirm earlier findings that demonstrated tunotopy, that is, glomeruli with similar tuning curves tend to be located in spatial proximity in the dOB. In addition, our results indicate chemotopy, that is, a preference for glomeruli with similar physico-chemical MRR descriptions being located in spatial proximity. Together, these findings suggest the existence of a partial chemical map underlying glomerular arrangement in the dOB. Our methodology that combines machine learning and physiological measurements lights the way towards future high-throughput studies to deorphanise and characterise structure-activity relationships in olfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Soelter
- Neuroinformatics & Theoretical Neuroscience, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Schumacher
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Str. 3, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Hartwig Spors
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Str. 3, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Max-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmuker
- Neuroinformatics & Theoretical Neuroscience, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Biocomputation Group, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, United Kingdom.
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