1
|
Kumar N, Singh H, Giri K, Kumar A, Joshi A, Yadav S, Singh R, Bisht S, Kumari R, Jeena N, Khairakpam R, Mishra G. Physiological and molecular insights into the allelopathic effects on agroecosystems under changing environmental conditions. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:417-433. [PMID: 38633277 PMCID: PMC11018569 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01440-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Allelopathy is a natural phenomenon of competing and interfering with other plants or microbial growth by synthesizing and releasing the bioactive compounds of plant or microbial origin known as allelochemicals. This is a sub-discipline of chemical ecology concerned with the effects of bioactive compounds produced by plants or microorganisms on the growth, development and distribution of other plants and microorganisms in natural communities or agricultural systems. Allelochemicals have a direct or indirect harmful effect on one plant by others, especially on the development, survivability, growth, and reproduction of species through the production of chemical inhibitors released into the environment. Cultivation systems that take advantage of allelopathic plants' stimulatory/inhibitory effects on plant growth and development while avoiding allelopathic autotoxicity is critical for long-term agricultural development. Allelopathy is one element that defines plant relationships and is involved in weed management, crop protection, and microbial contact. Besides, the allelopathic phenomenon has also been reported in the forest ecosystem; however, its presence depends on the forest type and the surrounding environment. In the present article, major aspects addressed are (1) literature review on the impacts of allelopathy in agroecosystems and underpinning the research gaps, (2) chemical, physiological, and ecological mechanisms of allelopathy, (3) genetic manipulations, plant defense, economic benefits, fate, prospects and challenges of allelopathy. The literature search and consolidation efforts in this article shall pave the way for future research on the potential application of allelopathic interactions across various ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Kumar
- Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248006 India
- Present Address: College of Agriculture, Central Agriculture University (I), Kyrdemkulai, Meghalaya, India
| | - Hukum Singh
- Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248006 India
| | - Krishna Giri
- Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun, 248006 India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Forestry, North Eastern Hill University, Tura Campus, Tura, 794002 India
| | - Amit Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kalinga University, Naya-Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492101 India
| | | | - Ranjeet Singh
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Itanagar, Arunchal Pradesh, India
| | - Sarita Bisht
- Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248006 India
| | - Rama Kumari
- Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248006 India
| | - Neha Jeena
- Department of Microbiology, Central University, Rajasthan, 305817 India
| | - Rowndel Khairakpam
- School of Agriculture, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248001 India
| | - Gaurav Mishra
- Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun, 248006 India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Barta CÉ, Jenkins BC, Lindstrom DS, Zahnd AK, Székely G. The First Evidence of Gibberellic Acid's Ability to Modulate Target Species' Sensitivity to Honeysuckle ( Lonicera maackii) Allelochemicals. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1014. [PMID: 36903875 PMCID: PMC10005159 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species employ competitive strategies such as releasing allelopathic chemicals into the environment that negatively impact native species. Decomposing Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) leaves leach various allelopathic phenolics into the soil, decreasing the vigor of several native species. Notable differences in the net negative impacts of L. maackii metabolites on target species were argued to depend on soil properties, the microbiome, the proximity to the allelochemical source, the allelochemical concentration, or environmental conditions. This study is the first to address the role of target species' metabolic properties in determining their net sensitivity to allelopathic inhibition by L. maackii. Gibberellic acid (GA3) is a critical regulator of seed germination and early development. We hypothesized that GA3 levels might affect the target sensitivity to allelopathic inhibitors and evaluated differences in the response of a standard (control, Rbr), a GA3-overproducing (ein), and a GA3-deficient (ros) Brassica rapa variety to L. maackii allelochemicals. Our results demonstrate that high GA3 concentrations substantially alleviate the inhibitory effects of L. maackii allelochemicals. A better understanding of the importance of target species' metabolic properties in their responses to allelochemicals will contribute to developing novel invasive species control and biodiversity conservation protocols and may contribute to applications in agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Csengele Éva Barta
- Department of Biology, Missouri Western State University, 4525 Downs Drive, Agenstein-Remington Halls, St. Joseph, MO 64507, USA
| | - Brian Colby Jenkins
- Department of Biology, Missouri Western State University, 4525 Downs Drive, Agenstein-Remington Halls, St. Joseph, MO 64507, USA
| | - Devon Shay Lindstrom
- Department of Biology, Missouri Western State University, 4525 Downs Drive, Agenstein-Remington Halls, St. Joseph, MO 64507, USA
| | - Alyka Kay Zahnd
- Department of Biology, Missouri Western State University, 4525 Downs Drive, Agenstein-Remington Halls, St. Joseph, MO 64507, USA
| | - Gyöngyi Székely
- Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor St., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Institute for Research-Development-Innovation in Applied Natural Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele St., 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Centre for Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources (3B), Babeș-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor St., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Šoln K, Klemenčič M, Koce JD. Plant cell responses to allelopathy: from oxidative stress to programmed cell death. PROTOPLASMA 2022; 259:1111-1124. [PMID: 34993622 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Allelopathy is a plant-plant interaction in which one plant releases biologically active compounds that have negative effects on the fitness of the target plant. The most pronounced effects are inhibition of seed germination and growth of neighboring plants. The roots of these plants are in contact with the allelochemicals released into the soil, as the primary target of the allelopathic action. To date, the best documented allelopathic activities relate to some weeds and invasive alien plants that show rapid spread and successful growth. A better understanding of the mechanisms of allelopathy will help to improve crop production and to manage and prevent plant invasions. At the cellular level, allelochemicals induce a burst of reactive oxygen species in the target plants, which leads to oxidative stress, and can promote programmed cell death. Lipid peroxidation and cell membrane changes, protein modifications, and increased protease activities are the early signs of cell damage. When enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants cannot scavenge reactive oxidants, this can result in hydrolytic or necrotic degradation of the protoplast. Cell organelles then lose their integrity and function. In roots, the structure and activity of the apical meristem are changed, which affects root growth and water absorption. Such allelopathically active compounds might thus be applied to control and manage weeds and invasive plants in a more sustainable way, to reduce chemical pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Šoln
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marina Klemenčič
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jasna Dolenc Koce
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Inhibitory effects of methanol extracts from Fallopia japonica and F. × bohemica rhizomes and selected phenolic compounds on radish germination and root growth. CHEMOECOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-022-00375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAllelopathic plants release secondary compounds into the soil that then suppress the growth of nearby plants. Allelopathy has been shown for the invasive Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica) and Bohemian knotweed (F. × bohemica). The aggressive and dominant invaders represent a serious threat to the local plant communities outside their native range. Here, we analysed the phenols in the knotweed rhizomes using nuclear magnetic resonance. We also evaluated the allelopathic potential of methanol extracts of F. japonica and F. × bohemica rhizomes and compared these with the effects of the individual knotweed phenols resveratrol, epicatechin and emodin, and their mixture. Rhizomes of both knotweeds contained similar amounts of epicatechin and emodin, with 24% higher resveratrol in F. × bohemica. Only the F. × bohemica methanol extract inhibited radish (Raphanus sativus) seed germination. After 3 days of treatments with 10% (w/v) extracts of both knotweeds, radish seedlings showed up to 70% shorter roots. In contrast, root growth of seedlings treated with the individual phenols resveratrol, epicatechin and emodin, and their mixture, was inhibited by up to 30%, similar to the 1% knotweed extracts. Biochemical parameters of oxidative stress also increased in the roots of treated seedlings, with high levels of malondialdehyde in particular indicating lipid peroxidation. Total antioxidative capacity was also increased in seedlings exposed to 0.6 mg/mL resveratrol and emodin. This study shows higher allelopathic potential of the knotweed methanol extracts compared to the individual phenols and their mixture.
Collapse
|
5
|
Tseng YH, Bartram S, Reichelt M, Scholz SS, Meents AK, Ludwig A, Mithöfer A, Oelmüller R. Tris(methylthio)methane produced by Mortierella hyalina affects sulfur homeostasis in Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14202. [PMID: 35987806 PMCID: PMC9392766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial volatiles are important factors in symbiotic interactions with plants. Mortierella hyalina is a beneficial root-colonizing fungus with a garlic-like smell, and promotes growth of Arabidopsis seedlings. GC–MS analysis of the M. hyalina headspace and NMR analysis of the extracted essential oil identified the sulfur-containing volatile tris(methylthio)methane (TMTM) as the major compound. Incorporation of the sulfur from the fungal volatile into plant metabolism was shown by 34S labeling experiments. Under sulfur deficiency, TMTM down-regulated sulfur deficiency-responsive genes, prevented glucosinolate (GSL) and glutathione (GSH) diminishment, and sustained plant growth. However, excess TMTM led to accumulation of GSH and GSL and reduced plant growth. Since TMTM is not directly incorporated into cysteine, we propose that the volatile from M. hyalina influences the plant sulfur metabolism by interfering with the GSH metabolism, and alleviates sulfur imbalances under sulfur stress.
Collapse
|
6
|
Lyu J, Jin N, Meng X, Jin L, Wang S, Xiao X, Liu Z, Tang Z, Yu J. Exogenous silicon alleviates the adverse effects of cinnamic acid-induced autotoxicity stress on cucumber seedling growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:968514. [PMID: 36035700 PMCID: PMC9399776 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.968514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Autotoxicity is a key factor that leads to obstacles in continuous cropping systems. Although Si is known to improve plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, little is known about its role in regulating leaf water status, mineral nutrients, nitrogen metabolism, and root morphology of cucumber under autotoxicity stress. Here, we used cucumber seeds (Cucumis sativus L. cv. "Xinchun No. 4") to evaluate how exogenous Si (1 mmol L-1) affected the leaf water status, mineral nutrient uptake, N metabolism-related enzyme activities, root morphology, and shoot growth of cucumber seedlings under 0.8 mmol L-1 CA-induced autotoxicity stress. We found that CA-induced autotoxicity significantly reduced the relative water content and water potential of leaves and increase their cell sap concentration. CA-induced stress also inhibited the absorption of major (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and trace elements (Fe, Mn, Zn). However, exogenous Si significantly improved the leaf water status (relative water content and water potential) of cucumber leaves under CA-induced stress. Exogenous Si also promoted the absorption of mineral elements by seedlings under CA-induced stress and alleviated the CA-induced inhibition of N metabolism-related enzyme activities (including nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, glutamate dehydrogenase). Moreover, exogenous Si improved N uptake and utilization, promoted root morphogenesis, and increased the growth indexes of cucumber seedlings under CA-induced stress. Our findings have far-reaching implications for overcoming the obstacles to continuous cropping in cucumber cultivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ning Jin
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Meng
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Jin
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuya Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zeci Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongqi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
El-Mehy AA, El-Gendy HM, Aioub AA, Mahmoud SF, Abdel-Gawad S, Elesawy AE, Elnahal AS. Response of Faba bean to intercropping, biological and chemical control against broomrape and root rot diseases. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3482-3493. [PMID: 35844392 PMCID: PMC9280308 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multispecies cropping systems contribute to sustainable agriculture with multiple ecosystem services. Effects of intercropping of various crops with faba beans on growth and yield parameters and disease severity of root rot, damping off and broomrape were investigated. This study was implemented in the laboratory, greenhouse and field to investigate the effect of the intercropping systems (fenugreek + faba bean, lupine + faba bean, garlic + faba bean and sole faba bean). The intercropping systems were combined with the application of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) and yeast as bio-control agents, compared to chemical application of herbicides (Glyphosate) and fungicides (Rizolex-T50), to control rot root diseases and broomrape weeds, Orobanche spp., of faba bean plants in vivo and under the naturally infested field. In vitro, yeast and Rizolex-T50 significantly inhibited mycelial growth of root pathogenic fungi. Intercropping with garlic and/or application of Rizolex-T, significantly decreased the incidence and disease index of root rot and damping-off diseases, meanwhile increased percentage of survival plants. In vivo, intercropping with fenugreek and/or application of Glyphosate, significantly reduced the number/weight of spikes/plot of broomrapes. Intercropping with fenugreek combined with AMF application promoted crop growth and significantly increased yield components. The AMF enhanced seed yield/ha when applied to the intercropping of faba bean + fenugreek and faba bean + garlic, showing the highest seed yield/ha with 3.722 and 3.568 ton/ha, respectively. Intercropping of faba bean with garlic integrated with AMF revealed the highest values of LER, 2.45, and net return, 2341 US$/ha. Our results suggested that using faba bean–garlic intercrop along with AMF inoculation can reduce root rot disease, damping off and broomrapes, as well as enhance the profitability of Egyptian farmer and sustainable production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amira A. El-Mehy
- Crop Intensification Res. Dep., Field Crops Res. Inst., Agricultural Research Center, Egypt
| | - Hala M. El-Gendy
- plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A.A. Aioub
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
- Corresponding author.
| | - Samy F. Mahmoud
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science,Taif University. P.O.Box 11099, Taif 21944. Saudi Arabia
| | - Shebl Abdel-Gawad
- Agriculture Microbiology Department Soil, Water and Environment institute Agriculture Research center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. Elesawy
- Department of Project Management and Sustainable Development - Arid Land Agriculture Research Institute - City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab, 21934 Alexandaria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S.M. Elnahal
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang F, Wang H, Zhi C, Chen B, Zheng Y, Qiao L, Gao J, Pan Y, Cheng Z. Garlic Volatile Diallyl Disulfide Induced Cucumber Resistance to Downy Mildew. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212328. [PMID: 34830208 PMCID: PMC8625977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Allicin compositions in garlic are used widely as fungicides in modern agriculture, in which diallyl disulfide (DADS) is a major compound. Downy mildew, caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis (P. cubensis), is one of the most destructive diseases and causes severe yield losses in cucumbers. To explore the potential mechanism of DADS-induced cucumber resistance to downy mildew, cucumber seedlings were treated with DADS and then inoculated with P. cubensis at a 10-day interval. Symptom observation showed that DADS significantly induced cucumber resistance to downy mildew. Furthermore, both lignin and H2O2 were significantly increased by DADS treatment to responding P. cubensis infection. Simultaneously, the enzyme activities of peroxidase (POD) in DADS-treated seedlings were significantly promoted. Meanwhile, both the auxin (IAA) and salicylic acid (SA) contents were increased, and their related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were up-regulated when treated with DADS. Transcriptome profiling showed that many DEGs were involved in the biological processes of defense responses, in which DEGs on the pathways of 'phenylpropanoid biosynthesis', 'phenylalanine metabolism', 'MAPK signaling', and 'plant hormone signal transduction' were significantly up-regulated in DADS-treated cucumbers uninoculated with the pathogen. Based on the results of several physiological indices and transcriptomes, a potential molecular mechanism of DADS-induced cucumber resistance to downy mildew was proposed and discussed. The results of this study might give new insight into the exploration of the induced resistance mechanism of cucumber to downy mildew and provide useful information for the subsequent mining of resistance genes in cucumber.
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Allelopathy is an ecological phenomenon in which organisms interfere with each other. As a management strategy in agricultural systems, allelopathy can be mainly used to control weeds, resist pests, and disease and improve the interaction of soil nutrition and microorganisms. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are allelochemicals volatilized from plants and have been widely demonstrated to have different ecological functions. This review provides the recent advance in the allelopathic effects of VOCs on plants, such as growth, competition, dormancy, resistance of diseases and insect pests, content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), enzyme activity, respiration, and photosynthesis. VOCs also participate in plant-to-plant communication as a signaling substance. The main methods of collection and identification of VOCs are briefly summarized in this article. It also points out the disadvantages of VOCs and suggests potential directions to enhance research and solve mysteries in this emerging area. It is necessary to study the allelopathic mechanisms of plant VOCs so as to provide a theoretical basis for VOC applications. In conclusion, allelopathy of VOCs released by plants is a more economical, environmentally friendly, and effective measure to develop substantial agricultural industry by using the allelopathic effects of plant natural products.
Collapse
|
10
|
Pélissier R, Violle C, Morel JB. Plant immunity: Good fences make good neighbors? CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 62:102045. [PMID: 33965754 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant immunity is modulated by several abiotic factors, and microbiome has emerged as a major biotic driver of plant resistance. Recently, a few studies showed that plants also modify resistance to pests and pathogens in their neighborhood. Several types of neighborhood could be identified depending on the biological processes at play: intraspecific and interspecific competition, kin and stranger recognition, plant-soil feedbacks, and danger signaling. This review highlights that molecules exchanged aboveground and belowground between plants can modulate plant immunity, either constitutively or after damage or attack. An intriguing relationship between allelopathy and immunity has been evidenced and should merit further investigation. Interestingly, most reported cases of modulation of immunity by the neighbors are positive, opening new perspectives for the understanding of natural plant communities as well as for the design of more diverse cultivated systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Pélissier
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, CEFE, Univ Montpellier, Institut Agro, INRAE, CIRAD, TA A-54/K Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry, Campus du CNRS, 1919, Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Benoit Morel
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, TA A-54 / K Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ali M, Ahmad H, Hayat S, Ghani MI, Amin B, Atif MJ, Wali K, Cheng Z. Application of garlic allelochemicals improves growth and induces defense responses in eggplant (Solanum melongena) against Verticillium dahliae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 215:112132. [PMID: 33743403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous garlic extracts (AGE) and garlic allelochemical diallyl disulfide (DADS) have been recently reported to bear bioactive properties to stimulate plant growth and development and alter defense-related physiology. We, therefore, performed a bioassay to study these chemicals as possible biostimulants for defense against Verticillium dahliae in eggplant seedlings. AGE and DADS were applied as a foliar application to the eggplants and samples were collected before and after pathogen inoculation at various intervals to analyze the defense mechanism. The obtained data revealed that with the application of AGE and DADS, the seedlings showed responses including activation of antioxidant enzymes, an abundance of chlorophyll contents, alteration of photosynthesis system, and accumulation of plant hormones compared to the control plants. Furthermore, the microscopic analysis of the AGE or DADS treated plants showed high variability in pathogen density within the root crown at 28 days post-inoculation. The low abundance of reactive oxygen species was noticed in AGE or DADS treated plants, which indicates that the plants were able to successfully encounter pathogen attacks. The AGE and DADS treated plants exhibited a lower disease severity index (32.4% and 24.8% vs 87.1% in controls), indicating successful defense against Verticillium infection. Our results were therefore among the first to address the biostimulatory effects of AGE or DADS to induce resistance in eggplant seedlings against V. dahliae and may be used to establish preparation for garlic-derived bioactive compounds to improve growth and defense responses of eggplants under-protected horticultural situations such as glasshouse or plastic tunnels system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Husain Ahmad
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sikandar Hayat
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Muhammad Imran Ghani
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bakht Amin
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Muhammad Jawaad Atif
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kashif Wali
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shen W, Zeng C, Zhang H, Zhu K, He H, Zhu W, He H, Li G, Liu J. Integrative Physiological, Transcriptional, and Metabolic Analyses Provide Insights Into Response Mechanisms of Prunus persica to Autotoxicity Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:794881. [PMID: 34975982 PMCID: PMC8714634 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.794881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Autotoxicity is known as a critical factor in replanting problem that reduces land utilization and creates economic losses. Benzoic acid (BA) is identified as a major autotoxin in peach replant problem, and causes stunted seedling growth or even death. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms of peach response to BA stress remain elusive. Here, we comprehensively studied the morphophysiological, transcriptional, and metabolic responses of peach plants to BA toxicity. Results showed that BA stress inhibited peach seedlings growth, decreased chlorophyll contents and fluorescence levels, as well as disturbed mineral metabolism. The contents of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, and malondialdehyde, as well as the total antioxidant capacity, were significantly increased under BA stress. A total of 6,319 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified after BA stress, of which the DEGs related to photosynthesis, redox, and ion metabolism were greatly changed; meanwhile, numerous stress-responsive genes (HSPs, GSTs, GR, and ABC transporters) and transcription factors (MYB, AP2/ERF, NAC, bHLH, and WRKY) were noticeably altered under BA stress. BA induced metabolic reprogramming, and 74 differentially accumulated metabolites, including amino acids and derivatives, fatty acids, organic acids, sugars, and sugar alcohols, were identified in BA-stressed roots. Furthermore, an integrated analysis of genes and metabolites indicated that most of the co-mapped KEGG pathways were enriched in amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, which implied a disturbed carbon and nitrogen metabolism after BA stress. The findings would be insightful in elucidating the mechanisms of plant response to autotoxicity stress, and help guide crops in alleviating replant problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanqi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunfa Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - He Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Kaijie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao He
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanzi He
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Guohuai Li, , orcid.org/0000-0003-1170-9157
| | - Junwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Junwei Liu, , orcid.org/0000-0002-8842-2253
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cheng F, Ali M, Liu C, Deng R, Cheng Z. Garlic Allelochemical Diallyl Disulfide Alleviates Autotoxicity in the Root Exudates Caused by Long-Term Continuous Cropping of Tomato. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11684-11693. [PMID: 32991155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Continuous cropping obstacles seriously affect the sustainable production of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Researchers have found that intercropping with garlic (Allium sativum L.) could alleviate tomato continuous cropping obstacles. Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is the main allelochemical in garlic. However, the mechanism of DADS in alleviating tomato continuous cropping obstacles is still unknown. In this research, aqueous extracts of tomato continuous cropping soil were used to simulate the continuous cropping condition of tomato. Our results showed that DADS increased root activity and chlorophyll content and improved the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL)) and the metabolism of nonenzymatic antioxidants (glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG)) in tomato plants. DADS treatment reduced the content of fatty acid esters in tomato root exudates (e.g., palmitate methyl ester, palmitoleic acid methyl ester, oleic acid methyl ester) and increased the level of substances such as dibutyl phthalate and 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol). The higher concentrations of palmitate methyl ester inhibited tomato hypocotyl growth, while oleic acid methyl ester inhibited tomato root growth. Moreover, the application of DADS significantly inhibited the secretion of these esters in the root exudates. Therefore, it suggests that DADS may increase tomato resistance and promote tomato plant growth by increasing root activity and photosynthetic capacity and development to reduce autotoxicity of tomato.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ce Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Deng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Han X, Wu J, Zhang L, Wang J, Wang-Pruski G. Specific response mechanism to autotoxicity in melon (Cucumis melo L.) root revealed by physiological analyses combined with transcriptome profiling. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 200:110779. [PMID: 32460045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Melon is of great value in food, medicine and industry. In recent years, the continuous cropping obstacles of melon is increasingly prominent, which seriously affects the cultivation. Autotoxicity is the key factor for the obstacles. Root is the first line against autotoxicity and main organs for autotoxins secretion. Some physiological responses and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to autotoxicity are only limited to root system. Considering the lack of relevant research, physiological researches combined with transcriptome sequencing of melon seedling after autotoxicity stress mediated by root exudates (RE) was performed to help characterize the response mechanism to autotoxicity in melon roots. The results showed that autotoxicity inhibited root morphogenesis of melon seedlings, induced the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation in roots, and activated most antioxidant enzymes. Compared with the control group, the osmoregulation substance content was always at a high level. DEGs response to autotoxicity in roots were distinguished from that in leaves. Functional annotation of these DEGs suggested that autotoxicity affected biological regulation in a negative manner. DEGs were mainly involved in the synthesis of antioxidants, DNA damage and metabolism, and stress response. These setbacks were associated with the deterioration of root morphogenesis, generation of dwarf and slender roots, and ultimately leading to plant death. The results may provide important information for revealing the response mechanism of root to autotoxicity, and provide theoretical basis for solving the continuous cropping obstacles in melon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Zhang
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Zhengda Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China; Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaoyun Han
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jinghua Wu
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lizhen Zhang
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jingrong Wang
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Gefu Wang-Pruski
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada; Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang Z, Fan J, Wu J, Zhang L, Wang J, Zhang B, Wang-Pruski G. Alleviating effect of silicon on melon seed germination under autotoxicity stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 188:109901. [PMID: 31704323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is an important horticultural crop worldwide. Continuous cropping obstacle occurs in many melon cultivation area, resulting in poor plant growth and fruit quality, autotoxicity is the main reason for the obstacle. Silicon (Si) plays an important role in improving the resistance of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, melon plant water extracts (MPWE) were used to simulate the autotoxicity stress. Different concentrations of Na2SiO3 (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 mM) were added into MPWE for preliminary concentration screening and alleviating effect determination of Si on melon seed autotoxicity. The results showed that autotoxicity reduced the seed germination index, inhibited the growth of germinated seeds. 2 mM Si significantly increased seed germination index and improved subsequent growth under autotoxicity. The effect of Si showed a concentration-dependent manner, which can be counteracted or even reversed at high concentration. Three treatment combinations, double distilled water, 0.02 g/mL MPWE and 2 mM Na2SiO3 + 0.02 g/mL MPWE were used for subsequent physiology, biochemistry and gene analysis. During the germination of melon seed under autotoxicity, starch degradation ability decreased, amylase activity and amylase gene expression were inhibited, cell membrane lipid peroxidation increased, and antioxidant enzyme activity was abnormal. In Si-addition group, the radicle growth, lateral roots number, starch degradation ability, amylase activity and amylase gene expression level increased. The addition of Si also maintained the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase and the content of malondialdehyde in a relatively normal state. The change trend of amylase gene and antioxidant enzyme activity was complex, but the acute change coincided with the key stage of seed germination, which occurred when the seed was about to break through or just broken through the seed coat. Appropriate concentration of Si is an effective strategy to alleviate the autotoxicity on melon seed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Zhang
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Jiaru Fan
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jinghua Wu
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lizhen Zhang
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jingrong Wang
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Gefu Wang-Pruski
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada; Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang F, Liu X, Wang H, Deng R, Yu H, Cheng Z. Identification and Allelopathy of Green Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) Volatiles on Scavenging of Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) Reactive Oxygen Species. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183263. [PMID: 31500271 PMCID: PMC6767350 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic and formulations containing allicin are used widely as fungicides in modern agriculture. However, limited reports are available on the allelopathic mechanism of green garlic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and its component allelochemicals. The aim of this study was to investigate VOCs of green garlic and their effect on scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cucumber. In this study, green garlic VOCs were collected by HS-SPME, then analyzed by GS-MS. Their biological activity were verified by bioassays. The results showed that diallyl disulfide (DADS) is the main allelochemical of green garlic VOCs and the DADS content released from green garlic is approximately 0.08 mg/g. On this basis, the allelopathic effects of green garlic VOCs in vivo and 1 mmol/L DADS on scavenging of ROS in cucumber seedlings were further studied. Green garlic VOCs and DADS both reduce superoxide anion and increase the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide of cucumber seedlings. They can also regulate active antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, POD), antioxidant substances (MDA, GSH and ASA) and genes (CscAPX, CsGPX, CsMDAR, CsSOD, CsCAT, CsPOD) responding to oxidative stress in cucumber seedlings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Xiaoxue Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Rui Deng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Hanhan Yu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jiang N, Fan X, Lin W, Wang G, Cai K. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals New Insights into the Bacterial Wilt Resistance Mechanism Mediated by Silicon in Tomato. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030761. [PMID: 30754671 PMCID: PMC6387441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial wilt is a devastating disease of tomato caused by soilborne pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum. Previous studies found that silicon (Si) can increase tomato resistance against R. solanacearum, but the exact molecular mechanism remains unclear. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology was used to investigate the dynamic changes of root transcriptome profiles between Si-treated (+Si) and untreated (−Si) tomato plants at 1, 3, and 7 days post-inoculation with R. solanacearum. The contents of salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ET), and jasmonic acid (JA) and the activity of defense-related enzymes in roots of tomato in different treatments were also determined. The burst of ET production in roots was delayed, and SA and JA contents were altered in Si treatment. The transcriptional response to R. solanacearum infection of the +Si plants was quicker than that of the untreated plants. The expression levels of differentially-expressed genes involved in pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), oxidation resistance, and water-deficit stress tolerance were upregulated in the Si-treated plants. Multiple hormone-related genes were differentially expressed in the Si-treated plants. Si-mediated resistance involves mechanisms other than SA- and JA/ET-mediated stress responses. We propose that Si-mediated tomato resistance to R. solanacearum is associated with activated PTI-related responses and enhanced disease resistance and tolerance via several signaling pathways. Such pathways are mediated by multiple hormones (e.g., SA, JA, ET, and auxin), leading to diminished adverse effects (e.g., senescence, water-deficit, salinity and oxidative stress) normally caused by R. solanacearum infection. This finding will provide an important basis to further characterize the role of Si in enhancing plant resistance against biotic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nihao Jiang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xueying Fan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Weipeng Lin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Guoping Wang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Kunzheng Cai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dong C, Wang R, Zheng X, Zheng X, Jin L, Wang H, Chen S, Shi Y, Wang M, Liu D, Yang Y, Hu Z. Integration of transcriptome and proteome analyses reveal molecular mechanisms for formation of replant disease in Nelumbo nucifera. RSC Adv 2018; 8:32574-32587. [PMID: 35547670 PMCID: PMC9086348 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06503a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The normal growth of Nelumbo nucifera, a widely planted aquatic crop in Asia, was severely ruined by replant disease. The mechanism of replant disease was still unknown in aquatic crops. Complementary transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were performed by comparing seedings of first-year planting (FP) and consecutive planting (CP). 9810 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between FP and CP. Additionally, 975 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were obtained. The correlation of proteome and transcriptome illustrated phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, metabolic pathways, and MAPK signaling pathways were significantly activated. Peroxidase, determined as one of the key proteins in replant disease of N. nucifera, was phylogenetically analyzed. A new depiction of the molecular mechanism causing replant disease in N. nucifera was illustrated. A consecutive monoculture stimulated the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ethylene, altered the metabolic balance of lignin and flavonoid, and attenuated the activity of antioxidant enzymes through DNA methylation. Therefore, the accumulation of autotoxic allelochemicals and the deficiency of antioxidant enzymes unavoidably suppressed the normal growth and development of replanted N. nucifera. Complementary transcriptomic and proteomic analyses unveiled the mechanism of replant disease in Nelumbo nucifera, a widely planted aquatic crop in Asia.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dong
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China +86 371 67756513 +86 371 67756513
| | - Ran Wang
- Zhengzhou TobaccoResearch Institute of CNTC No. 2 Fengyang Street Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China +86 371 67672079 +86 371 67672072
| | - Xingfei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Lotus Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China +86 27 68753611 +86 27 68753606
| | - Xingwen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Lotus Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China +86 27 68753611 +86 27 68753606
| | - Lifeng Jin
- Zhengzhou TobaccoResearch Institute of CNTC No. 2 Fengyang Street Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China +86 371 67672079 +86 371 67672072
| | - Hongjiao Wang
- Zhengzhou TobaccoResearch Institute of CNTC No. 2 Fengyang Street Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China +86 371 67672079 +86 371 67672072
| | - Shuang Chen
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China +86 371 67756513 +86 371 67756513
| | - Yannan Shi
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China +86 371 67756513 +86 371 67756513
| | - Mengqi Wang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China +86 371 67756513 +86 371 67756513
| | - Die Liu
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China +86 371 67756513 +86 371 67756513
| | - Yanhui Yang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China +86 371 67756513 +86 371 67756513
| | - Zhongli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Lotus Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China +86 27 68753611 +86 27 68753606
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang W, Lu LY, Hu LY, Cao W, Sun K, Sun QB, Siddikee A, Shi RH, Dai CC. Evidence for the Involvement of Auxin, Ethylene and ROS Signaling During Primary Root Inhibition of Arabidopsis by the Allelochemical Benzoic Acid. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1889-1904. [PMID: 29893960 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Allelopathy is mediated by plant-derived secondary metabolites (allelochemicals) which are released by donor plants and affect the growth and development of receptor plants. The plant root is the first organ which senses soil allelochemicals this results in the production of a shorter primary root. However, the mechanisms underlying this process remain elusive. Here, we report that a model allelochemical benzoic acid (BA) inhibited primary root elongation of Arabidopsis seedlings by reducing the sizes of both the meristem and elongation zones, and that auxin signaling affected this process. An increase in auxin level in the root tips was associated with increased expression of auxin biosynthesis genes and auxin polar transporter AUX1 and PIN2 genes under BA stress. Mutant analyses demonstrated that AUX1 and PIN2 rather than PIN1 were required for the inhibition of primary root elongation during BA exposure. Furthermore, BA stimulated ethylene evolution, whereas blocking BA-induced ethylene signaling with an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor (Co2+), an ethylene perception antagonist (1-methylcyclopropene) or ethylene signaling mutant lines etr1-3 and ein3eil1 compromised BA-mediated inhibition of root elongation and up-regulation of auxin biosynthesis-related genes together with AUX1 and PIN2, indicating that ethylene signal was involved in auxin-mediated inhibition of primary root elongation during BA stress. Further analysis revealed that the BA-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst contributed to BA-mediated root growth inhibition without affecting auxin and ethylene signals. Taken together, our results reveal that the allelochemical BA inhibits root elongation by increasing auxin accumulation via stimulation of auxin biosynthesis and AUX1/PIN2-mediated auxin transport via stimulation of ethylene production and an auxin/ethylene-independent ROS burst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li-Ying Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li-Yan Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qi-Biao Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ashaduzzaman Siddikee
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Run-Han Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chotsaeng N, Laosinwattana C, Charoenying P. Herbicidal Activities of Some Allelochemicals and Their Synergistic Behaviors toward Amaranthus tricolor L. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111841. [PMID: 29077029 PMCID: PMC6150416 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven allelochemicals, namely R-(+)-limonene (A), vanillin (B), xanthoxyline (C), vanillic acid (D), linoleic acid (E), methyl linoleate (F), and (±)-odorine (G), were investigated for their herbicidal activities on Chinese amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.). At 400 μM, xanthoxyline (C) showed the greatest inhibitory activity on seed germination and seedling growth of the tested plant. Both vanillic acid (D) and (±)-odorine (G) inhibited shoot growth, however, apart from xanthoxyline (C), only vanillic acid (D) could inhibit root growth. Interestingly, R-(+)-limonene (A) lightly promoted root length. Other substances had no allelopathic effect on seed germination and seedling growth of the tested plant. To better understand and optimize the inhibitory effects of these natural herbicides, 21 samples of binary mixtures of these seven compounds were tested at 400 μM using 0.25% (v/v) Tween® 80 as a control treatment. The results showed that binary mixtures of R-(+)-limonene:xanthoxyline (A:C), vanillin:xanthoxyline (B:C), and xanthoxyline:linoleic acid (C:E) exhibited strong allelopathic activities on germination and seedling growth of the tested plant, and the level of inhibition was close to the effect of xanthoxyline (C) at 400 µM and was better than the effect of xanthoxyline (C) at 200 µM. The inhibition was hypothesized to be from a synergistic interaction of each pair of alleochemicals. Mole ratios of each pair of allelochemicals ((A:C), (B:C), and (C:E)) were then evaluated, and the best ratios of the binary mixtures A:C, B:C and C:E were found to be 2:8, 2:8, and 4:6 respectively. These binary mixtures significantly inhibited germination and shoot and root growth of Chinese amaranth at low concentrations. The results reported here highlight a synergistic behavior of some allelochemicals which could be applied in the development of potential herbicides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nawasit Chotsaeng
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.
| | - Chamroon Laosinwattana
- Department of Plant Production Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.
| | - Patchanee Charoenying
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li M, Yang Y, Feng F, Zhang B, Chen S, Yang C, Gu L, Wang F, Zhang J, Chen A, Lin W, Chen X, Zhang Z. Differential proteomic analysis of replanted Rehmannia glutinosa roots by iTRAQ reveals molecular mechanisms for formation of replant disease. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:116. [PMID: 28693420 PMCID: PMC5504617 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The normal growth of Rehmannia glutinosa, a widely used medicinal plant in China, is severely disturbed by replant disease. The formation of replant disease commonly involves interactions among plants, allelochemicals and microbes; however, these relationships remain largely unclear. As a result, no effective measures are currently available to treat replant disease. RESULTS In this study, an integrated R. glutinosa transcriptome was constructed, from which an R. glutinosa protein library was obtained. iTRAQ technology was then used to investigate changes in the proteins in replanted R. glutinosa roots, and the proteins that were expressed in response to replant disease were identified. An integrated R. glutinosa transcriptome from different developmental stages of replanted and normal-growth R. glutinosa produced 65,659 transcripts, which were accurately translated into 47,818 proteins. Using this resource, a set of 189 proteins was found to be significantly differentially expressed between normal-growth and replanted R. glutinosa. Of the proteins that were significantly upregulated in replanted R. glutinosa, most were related to metabolism, immune responses, ROS generation, programmed cell death, ER stress, and lignin synthesis. CONCLUSIONS By integrating these key events and the results of previous studies on replant disease formation, a new picture of the damaging mechanisms that cause replant disease stress emerged. Replant disease altered the metabolic balance of R. glutinosa, activated immune defence systems, increased levels of ROS and antioxidant enzymes, and initiated the processes of cell death and senescence in replanted R. glutinosa. Additionally, lignin deposition in R. glutinosa roots that was caused by replanting significantly inhibited tuberous root formation. These key processes provide important insights into the underlying mechanisms leading to the formation of replant disease and also for the subsequent development of new control measures to improve production and quality of replanted plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Li
- College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Yang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fajie Feng
- College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuqiang Chen
- College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chuyun Yang
- College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Gu
- College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Junyi Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Aiguo Chen
- College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Zhongyi Zhang
- College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Massalha H, Korenblum E, Tholl D, Aharoni A. Small molecules below-ground: the role of specialized metabolites in the rhizosphere. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 90:788-807. [PMID: 28333395 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil communities are diverse taxonomically and functionally. This ecosystem experiences highly complex networks of interactions, but may also present functionally independent entities. Plant roots, a metabolically active hotspot in the soil, take an essential part in below-ground interactions. While plants are known to release an extremely high portion of the fixated carbon to the soil, less information is known about the composition and role of C-containing compounds in the rhizosphere, in particular those involved in chemical communication. Specialized metabolites (or secondary metabolites) produced by plants and their associated microbes have a critical role in various biological activities that modulate the behavior of neighboring organisms. Thus, elucidating the chemical composition and function of specialized metabolites in the rhizosphere is a key element in understanding interactions in this below-ground environment. Here, we review key classes of specialized metabolites that occur as mostly non-volatile compounds in root exudates or are emitted as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The role of these metabolites in below-ground interactions and response to nutrient deficiency, as well as their tissue and cell type-specific biosynthesis and release are discussed in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Massalha
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Elisa Korenblum
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Dorothea Tholl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|