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Kosinski J, Sechi A, Hain J, Villwock S, Ha SA, Hauschulz M, Rose M, Steib F, Ortiz‐Brüchle N, Heij L, Maas SL, van der Vorst EPC, Knoesel T, Altendorf‐Hofmann A, Simon R, Sauter G, Bednarsch J, Jonigk D, Dahl E. ITIH5 as a multifaceted player in pancreatic cancer suppression, impairing tyrosine kinase signaling, cell adhesion and migration. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:1486-1509. [PMID: 38375974 PMCID: PMC11161730 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 5 (ITIH5) has been identified as a metastasis suppressor gene in pancreatic cancer. Here, we analyzed ITIH5 promoter methylation and protein expression in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and three tissue microarray cohorts (n = 618), respectively. Cellular effects, including cell migration, focal adhesion formation and protein tyrosine kinase activity, induced by forced ITIH5 expression in pancreatic cancer cell lines were studied in stable transfectants. ITIH5 promoter hypermethylation was associated with unfavorable prognosis, while immunohistochemistry demonstrated loss of ITIH5 in the metastatic setting and worsened overall survival. Gain-of-function models showed a significant reduction in migration capacity, but no alteration in proliferation. Focal adhesions in cells re-expressing ITIH5 exhibited a smaller and more rounded phenotype, typical for slow-moving cells. An impressive increase of acetylated alpha-tubulin was observed in ITIH5-positive cells, indicating more stable microtubules. In addition, we found significantly decreased activities of kinases related to focal adhesion. Our results indicate that loss of ITIH5 in pancreatic cancer profoundly affects its molecular profile: ITIH5 potentially interferes with a variety of oncogenic signaling pathways, including the PI3K/AKT pathway. This may lead to altered cell migration and focal adhesion formation. These cellular alterations may contribute to the metastasis-inhibiting properties of ITIH5 in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kosinski
- Institute of PathologyMedical Faculty of RWTH Aachen UniversityGermany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD)Germany
| | - Antonio Sechi
- Department of Cell and Tumor BiologyRWTH Aachen UniversityGermany
| | - Johanna Hain
- Institute of PathologyMedical Faculty of RWTH Aachen UniversityGermany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD)Germany
| | - Sophia Villwock
- Institute of PathologyMedical Faculty of RWTH Aachen UniversityGermany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD)Germany
| | - Stefanie Anh Ha
- Institute of PathologyMedical Faculty of RWTH Aachen UniversityGermany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD)Germany
| | - Maximilian Hauschulz
- Institute of PathologyMedical Faculty of RWTH Aachen UniversityGermany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD)Germany
| | - Michael Rose
- Institute of PathologyMedical Faculty of RWTH Aachen UniversityGermany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD)Germany
| | - Florian Steib
- Institute of PathologyMedical Faculty of RWTH Aachen UniversityGermany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD)Germany
| | - Nadina Ortiz‐Brüchle
- Institute of PathologyMedical Faculty of RWTH Aachen UniversityGermany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD)Germany
| | - Lara Heij
- Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital EssenGermany
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Medical FacultyRWTH Aachen UniversityGermany
- Department of PathologyErasmus Medical Center RotterdamThe Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht UniversityThe Netherlands
| | - Sanne L. Maas
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR)Medical Faculty of RWTH Aachen UniversityGermany
| | - Emiel P. C. van der Vorst
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR)Medical Faculty of RWTH Aachen UniversityGermany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK)Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichGermany
| | - Thomas Knoesel
- Institute of PathologyLudwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichGermany
| | | | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of PathologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfGermany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of PathologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfGermany
| | - Jan Bednarsch
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Medical FacultyRWTH Aachen UniversityGermany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of PathologyMedical Faculty of RWTH Aachen UniversityGermany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD)Germany
- RWTH centralized Biomaterial Bank (RWTH cBMB)Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen UniversityGermany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), BREATHHanoverGermany
| | - Edgar Dahl
- Institute of PathologyMedical Faculty of RWTH Aachen UniversityGermany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD)Germany
- RWTH centralized Biomaterial Bank (RWTH cBMB)Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen UniversityGermany
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2
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Haider MJA, Shave CD, Onyishi CU, Jagielski T, Lara-Reyna S, Frickel EM, May RC. Species- and strain-specific differences in the phagocytosis of Prototheca: insights from live-cell imaging. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0006623. [PMID: 37594276 PMCID: PMC10501220 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00066-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Prototheca is an extremely unusual group of achlorophyllic, obligately heterotrophic algae. Six species have been identified as pathogens of vertebrates, including cattle and humans. In cattle, P. bovis is the main infectious pathogen and is associated with bovine mastitis. In contrast, human infections typically involve P. wickerhamii and are associated with a spectrum of varying clinical presentations. Prototheca spp. enter the host from the environment and are therefore likely to be initially recognized by cells of the innate immune system. However, little is known about the nature of the interaction between Prototheca spp. and host phagocytes. In the present study, we adopt a live-cell imaging approach to investigate these interactions over time. Using environmental and clinical strains, we show that P. bovis cells are readily internalized and processed by macrophages, whereas these immune cells struggle to internalize P. wickerhamii. Serum opsonization of P. wickerhamii only marginally improves phagocytosis, suggesting that this species (but not P. bovis) may have evolved mechanisms to evade phagocytosis. Furthermore, we show that inhibition of the kinases Syk or PI3K, which are both critical for innate immune signaling, drastically reduces the uptake of P. bovis. Finally, we show that genetic ablation of MyD88, a signaling adaptor critical for Toll-like receptor signaling, has little impact on uptake but significantly prolongs phagosome maturation once P. bovis is internalized. Together, our data suggest that these two pathogenic Prototheca spp. have very different host-pathogen interactions which have potential therapeutic implications for the treatment of human and animal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed J. A. Haider
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D. Shave
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chinaemerem U. Onyishi
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tomasz Jagielski
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Samuel Lara-Reyna
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Eva-Maria Frickel
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robin C. May
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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3
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Sivakumar S, Jin DX, Rathod R, Ross J, Cantley LC, Scaltriti M, Chen JW, Hutchinson KE, Wilson TR, Sokol ES, Vasan N. Genetic Heterogeneity and Tissue-specific Patterns of Tumors with Multiple PIK3CA Mutations. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:1125-1136. [PMID: 36595567 PMCID: PMC10011881 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To comprehensively characterize tissue-specific and molecular subclasses of multiple PIK3CA (multi-PIK3CA) mutations and assess their impact on potential therapeutic outcomes. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We profiled a pan-cancer cohort comprised of 352,392 samples across 66 tumor types using a targeted hybrid capture-based next-generation sequencing panel covering at least 324 cancer-related genes. Molecularly defined subgroups, allelic configuration, clonality, and mutational signatures were identified and tested for association with PI3K inhibitor therapeutic response. RESULTS Multi-PIK3CA mutations are found in 11% of all PIK3CA-mutant tumors, including 9% of low tumor mutational burden (TMB) PIK3CA-mutant tumors, and are enriched in breast and gynecologic cancers. Multi-PIK3CA mutations are frequently clonal and in cis on the same allele and occur at characteristic positions across tumor types. These mutations tend to be mutually exclusive of mutations in other driver genes, and of genes in the PI3K pathway. Among PIK3CA-mutant tumors with a high TMB, 18% are multi-PIK3CA mutant and often harbor an apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide (APOBEC) mutational signature. Despite large differences in specific allele combinations comprising multi-PIK3CA mutant tumors, especially across cancer types, patients with different classes of multi-PIK3CA mutant estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancers respond similarly to PI3K inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Our pan-tumor study provides biological insights into the genetic heterogeneity and tissue specificities of multi-PIK3CA mutations, with potential clinical utility to guide PI3K inhibition strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruchita Rathod
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Jeffrey Ross
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Departments of Pathology and Urology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | | | | | - Jessica W Chen
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Timothy R Wilson
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Neil Vasan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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Vasan N, Cantley LC. At a crossroads: how to translate the roles of PI3K in oncogenic and metabolic signalling into improvements in cancer therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:471-485. [PMID: 35484287 PMCID: PMC11215755 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00633-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Numerous agents targeting various phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway components, including PI3K, AKT and mTOR, have been tested in oncology clinical trials, resulting in regulatory approvals for the treatment of selected patients with breast cancer, certain other solid tumours or particular haematological malignancies. However, given the prominence of PI3K signalling in cancer and the crucial role of this pathway in linking cancer growth with metabolism, these clinical results could arguably be improved upon. In this Review, we discuss past and present efforts to overcome the somewhat limited clinical efficacy of PI3Kα pathway inhibitors, including optimization of inhibitor specificity, patient selection and biomarkers across cancer types, with a focus on breast cancer, as well as identification and abrogation of signalling-related and metabolic mechanisms of resistance, and interventions to improve management of prohibitive adverse events. We highlight the advantages and limitations of laboratory-based model systems used to study the PI3K pathway, and propose technologies and experimental inquiries to guide the future clinical deployment of PI3K pathway inhibitors in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Vasan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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5
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Shen Z, Du W, Perkins C, Fechter L, Natu V, Maecker H, Rowley J, Gotlib J, Zehnder J, Krishnan A. Platelet transcriptome identifies progressive markers and potential therapeutic targets in chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100425. [PMID: 34755136 PMCID: PMC8561315 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Predicting disease progression remains a particularly challenging endeavor in chronic degenerative disorders and cancer, thus limiting early detection, risk stratification, and preventive interventions. Here, profiling the three chronic subtypes of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), we identify the blood platelet transcriptome as a proxy strategy for highly sensitive progression biomarkers that also enables prediction of advanced disease via machine-learning algorithms. The MPN platelet transcriptome reveals an incremental molecular reprogramming that is independent of patient driver mutation status or therapy. Subtype-specific markers offer mechanistic and therapeutic insights, and highlight impaired proteostasis and a persistent integrated stress response. Using a LASSO model with validation in two independent cohorts, we identify the advanced subtype MF at high accuracy and offer a robust progression signature toward clinical translation. Our platelet transcriptome snapshot of chronic MPNs demonstrates a proof-of-principle for disease risk stratification and progression beyond genetic data alone, with potential utility in other progressive disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blood Platelets/metabolism
- Blood Platelets/pathology
- Cellular Reprogramming
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Cohort Studies
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Polycythemia Vera/diagnosis
- Polycythemia Vera/genetics
- Polycythemia Vera/metabolism
- Polycythemia Vera/pathology
- Primary Myelofibrosis/diagnosis
- Primary Myelofibrosis/genetics
- Primary Myelofibrosis/metabolism
- Primary Myelofibrosis/pathology
- Proteostasis/genetics
- Risk Assessment
- Thrombocythemia, Essential/diagnosis
- Thrombocythemia, Essential/genetics
- Thrombocythemia, Essential/metabolism
- Thrombocythemia, Essential/pathology
- Transcriptome
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Shen
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wenfei Du
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cecelia Perkins
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lenn Fechter
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vanita Natu
- Stanford Functional Genomics Facility, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Holden Maecker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jesse Rowley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jason Gotlib
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James Zehnder
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anandi Krishnan
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Tozzi M, Brown EL, Petersen PSS, Lundh M, Isidor MS, Plucińska K, Nielsen TS, Agueda-Oyarzabal M, Small L, Treebak JT, Emanuelli B. Dynamic interplay between Afadin S1795 phosphorylation and diet regulates glucose homeostasis in obese mice. J Physiol 2021; 600:885-902. [PMID: 34387373 DOI: 10.1113/jp281657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Afadin is a ubiquitously expressed scaffold protein with a recently discovered role in insulin signalling and glucose metabolism. Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Afadin at S1795 occurs in insulin-responsive tissues such as adipose tissue, muscle, liver, pancreas and heart. Afadin abundance and AfadinS1795 phosphorylation are dynamically regulated in metabolic tissues during diet-induced obesity progression. Genetic silencing of AfadinS1795 phosphorylation improves glucose homeostasis in the early stages of diet-induced metabolic dysregulation. AfadinS1795 phosphorylation contributes to the early development of obesity-related complications in mice. ABSTRACT Obesity is associated with systemic insulin resistance and numerous metabolic disorders. Yet, the mechanisms underlying impaired insulin action during obesity remain to be fully elucidated. Afadin is a multifunctional scaffold protein with the ability to modulate insulin action through its phosphorylation at S1795 in adipocytes. In the present study, we report that insulin-stimulated AfadinS1795 phosphorylation is not restricted to adipose tissues, but is a common signalling event in insulin-responsive tissues including muscle, liver, pancreas and heart. Furthermore, a dynamic regulation of Afadin abundance occurred during diet-induced obesity progression, while its phosphorylation was progressively attenuated. To investigate the role of AfadinS1795 phosphorylation in the regulation of whole-body metabolic homeostasis, we generated a phospho-defective mouse model (Afadin SA) in which the Afadin phosphorylation site was silenced (S1795A) at the whole-body level using CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing. Metabolic characterization of these mice under basal physiological conditions or during a high-fat diet (HFD) challenge revealed that preventing AfadinS1795 phosphorylation improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance and increased liver glycogen storage in the early stage of diet-induced metabolic dysregulation, without affecting body weight. Together, our findings reveal that AfadinS1795 phosphorylation in metabolic tissues is critical during obesity progression and contributes to promote systemic insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in the early phase of diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tozzi
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erin L Brown
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patricia S S Petersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Lundh
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie S Isidor
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaja Plucińska
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas S Nielsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marina Agueda-Oyarzabal
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lewin Small
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Emanuelli
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Madsen RR, Longden J, Knox RG, Robin X, Völlmy F, Macleod KG, Moniz LS, Carragher NO, Linding R, Vanhaesebroeck B, Semple RK. NODAL/TGFβ signalling mediates the self-sustained stemness induced by PIK3CAH1047R homozygosity in pluripotent stem cells. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm048298. [PMID: 33514588 PMCID: PMC7969366 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating PIK3CA mutations are known 'drivers' of human cancer and developmental overgrowth syndromes. We recently demonstrated that the 'hotspot' PIK3CAH1047R variant exerts unexpected allele dose-dependent effects on stemness in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). In this study, we combine high-depth transcriptomics, total proteomics and reverse-phase protein arrays to reveal potentially disease-related alterations in heterozygous cells, and to assess the contribution of activated TGFβ signalling to the stemness phenotype of homozygous PIK3CAH1047R cells. We demonstrate signalling rewiring as a function of oncogenic PI3K signalling strength, and provide experimental evidence that self-sustained stemness is causally related to enhanced autocrine NODAL/TGFβ signalling. A significant transcriptomic signature of TGFβ pathway activation in heterozygous PIK3CAH1047R was observed but was modest and was not associated with the stemness phenotype seen in homozygous mutants. Notably, the stemness gene expression in homozygous PIK3CAH1047R hPSCs was reversed by pharmacological inhibition of NODAL/TGFβ signalling, but not by pharmacological PI3Kα pathway inhibition. Altogether, this provides the first in-depth analysis of PI3K signalling in hPSCs and directly links strong PI3K activation to developmental NODAL/TGFβ signalling. This work illustrates the importance of allele dosage and expression when artificial systems are used to model human genetic disease caused by activating PIK3CA mutations. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralitsa R. Madsen
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - James Longden
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Theoretical Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115Berlin, Germany
| | - Rachel G. Knox
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Xavier Robin
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Franziska Völlmy
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenneth G. Macleod
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Larissa S. Moniz
- University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Neil O. Carragher
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Rune Linding
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Theoretical Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115Berlin, Germany
| | - Bart Vanhaesebroeck
- University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Robert K. Semple
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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8
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Sürmen MG, Sürmen S, Ali A, Musharraf SG, Emekli N. Phosphoproteomic strategies in cancer research: a minireview. Analyst 2020; 145:7125-7149. [PMID: 32996481 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00915f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the cellular processes is central to comprehend disease conditions and is also true for cancer research. Proteomic studies provide significant insight into cancer mechanisms and aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. Phosphoproteome is one of the most studied complements of the whole proteome given its importance in the understanding of cellular processes such as signaling and regulations. Over the last decade, several new methods have been developed for phosphoproteome analysis. A significant amount of these efforts pertains to cancer research. The current use of powerful analytical instruments in phosphoproteomic approaches has paved the way for deeper and sensitive investigations. However, these methods and techniques need further improvements to deal with challenges posed by the complexity of samples and scarcity of phosphoproteins in the whole proteome, throughput and reproducibility. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the variety of steps used in phosphoproteomic methods applied in cancer research including the enrichment and fractionation strategies. This will allow researchers to evaluate and choose a better combination of steps for their phosphoproteome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Gani Sürmen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saime Sürmen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arslan Ali
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Nesrin Emekli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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9
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Lazaro G, Kostaras E, Vivanco I. Inhibitors in AKTion: ATP-competitive vs allosteric. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:933-943. [PMID: 32453400 PMCID: PMC7329346 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the PI3K pathway is one of the commonest oncogenic events in human cancer. AKT is a key mediator of PI3K oncogenic function, and thus has been intensely pursued as a therapeutic target. Multiple AKT inhibitors, broadly classified as either ATP-competitive or allosteric, are currently in various stages of clinical development. Herein, we review the evidence for AKT dependence in human tumours and focus on its therapeutic targeting by the two drug classes. We highlight the future prospects for the development and implementation of more effective context-specific AKT inhibitors aided by our increasing knowledge of both its regulation and some previously unrecognised non-canonical functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glorianne Lazaro
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Rd., SM2 5NG London, U.K
| | - Eleftherios Kostaras
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Rd., SM2 5NG London, U.K
| | - Igor Vivanco
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Rd., SM2 5NG London, U.K
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Vanhaesebroeck B, Bilanges B, Madsen RR, Dale KL, Lau E, Vladimirou E. Perspective: Potential Impact and Therapeutic Implications of Oncogenic PI3K Activation on Chromosomal Instability. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E331. [PMID: 31374965 PMCID: PMC6723836 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic activation of the class I PI3K pathway is very common in cancer. This mostly results from oncogenic mutations in PIK3CA, the gene encoding the ubiquitously expressed PI3Kα catalytic subunit, or from inactivation of the PTEN tumour suppressor, a lipid phosphatase that opposes class I PI3K signalling. The clinical impact of PI3K inhibitors in solid tumours, aimed at dampening cancer-cell-intrinsic PI3K activity, has thus far been limited. Challenges include poor drug tolerance, incomplete pathway inhibition and pre-existing or inhibitor-induced resistance. The principle of pharmacologically targeting cancer-cell-intrinsic PI3K activity also assumes that all cancer-promoting effects of PI3K activation are reversible, which might not be the case. Emerging evidence suggests that genetic PI3K pathway activation can induce and/or allow cells to tolerate chromosomal instability, which-even if occurring in a low fraction of the cell population-might help to facilitate and/or drive tumour evolution. While it is clear that such genomic events cannot be reverted pharmacologically, a role for PI3K in the regulation of chromosomal instability could be exploited by using PI3K pathway inhibitors to prevent those genomic events from happening and/or reduce the pace at which they are occurring, thereby dampening cancer development or progression. Such an impact might be most effective in tumours with clonal PI3K activation and achievable at lower drug doses than the maximum-tolerated doses of PI3K inhibitors currently used in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Vanhaesebroeck
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Benoit Bilanges
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ralitsa R Madsen
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Katie L Dale
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Evelyn Lau
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Elina Vladimirou
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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11
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Peng M, Li S, He Q, Zhao J, Li L, Ma H. Proteomics reveals changes in hepatic proteins during chicken embryonic development: an alternative model to study human obesity. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:29. [PMID: 29310583 PMCID: PMC5759888 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4427-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chicken embryos are widely used as a model for studies of obesity; however, no detailed information is available about the dynamic changes of proteins during the regulation of adipose biology and metabolism. Thus, the present study used an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomic approach to identify the changes in protein abundance at different stages of chicken embryonic development. RESULTS In this study, the abundances of 293 hepatic proteins in 19-day old of chicken embryos compared with 14-day old and 160 hepatic proteins at hatching compared with 19-day old embryos were significantly changed. Pathway analysis showed that fatty acid degradation (upregulated ACAA2, CPT1A, and ACOX1), protein folding (upregulated PDIs, CALR3, LMAN1, and UBQLN1) and gluconeogenesis (upregulated ACSS1, AKR1A1, ALDH3A2, ALDH7A1, and FBP2) were enhanced from embryonic day 14 (E14) to E19 of chicken embryo development. Analysis of the differentially abundant proteins indicated that glycolysis was not the main way to produce energy from E19 to hatching day during chicken embryo development. In addition, purine metabolism was enhanced, as deduced from increased IMPDH2, NT5C, PGM2, and XDH abundances, and the decrease of growth rate could be overcome by increasing the abundance of ribosomal proteins from E19 to the hatching day. CONCLUSION The levels of certain proteins were coordinated with each other to regulate the changes in metabolic pathways to satisfy the requirement for growth and development at different stages of chicken embryo development. Importantly, ACAA2, CPT1A, and ACOX1 might be key factors to control fat deposition during chicken embryonic development. These results provided information showing that chicken is a useful model to further investigate the mechanism of obesity and insulin resistance in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qianian He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jinlong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Longlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haitian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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12
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Berenjeno IM, Piñeiro R, Castillo SD, Pearce W, McGranahan N, Dewhurst SM, Meniel V, Birkbak NJ, Lau E, Sansregret L, Morelli D, Kanu N, Srinivas S, Graupera M, Parker VER, Montgomery KG, Moniz LS, Scudamore CL, Phillips WA, Semple RK, Clarke A, Swanton C, Vanhaesebroeck B. Oncogenic PIK3CA induces centrosome amplification and tolerance to genome doubling. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1773. [PMID: 29170395 PMCID: PMC5701070 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in PIK3CA are very frequent in cancer and lead to sustained PI3K pathway activation. The impact of acute expression of mutant PIK3CA during early stages of malignancy is unknown. Using a mouse model to activate the Pik3ca H1047R hotspot mutation in the heterozygous state from its endogenous locus, we here report that mutant Pik3ca induces centrosome amplification in cultured cells (through a pathway involving AKT, ROCK and CDK2/Cyclin E-nucleophosmin) and in mouse tissues, and increased in vitro cellular tolerance to spontaneous genome doubling. We also present evidence that the majority of PIK3CA H1047R mutations in the TCGA breast cancer cohort precede genome doubling. These previously unappreciated roles of PIK3CA mutation show that PI3K signalling can contribute to the generation of irreversible genomic changes in cancer. While this can limit the impact of PI3K-targeted therapies, these findings also open the opportunity for therapeutic approaches aimed at limiting tumour heterogeneity and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inma M Berenjeno
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
| | - Roberto Piñeiro
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sandra D Castillo
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Wayne Pearce
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Nicholas McGranahan
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UCL Cancer Institute and Hospitals, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Sally M Dewhurst
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UCL Cancer Institute and Hospitals, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Valerie Meniel
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Nicolai J Birkbak
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UCL Cancer Institute and Hospitals, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Evelyn Lau
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Laurent Sansregret
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UCL Cancer Institute and Hospitals, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Daniele Morelli
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Nnennaya Kanu
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UCL Cancer Institute and Hospitals, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Shankar Srinivas
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Vascular Signalling Laboratory, Institut d´Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, 08908, Spain
| | - Victoria E R Parker
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Karen G Montgomery
- Cancer Biology and Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, 3000, VIC, Australia
| | - Larissa S Moniz
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | | | - Wayne A Phillips
- Cancer Biology and Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, 3000, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert K Semple
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alan Clarke
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UCL Cancer Institute and Hospitals, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
| | - Bart Vanhaesebroeck
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
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Fruman DA, Chiu H, Hopkins BD, Bagrodia S, Cantley LC, Abraham RT. The PI3K Pathway in Human Disease. Cell 2017; 170:605-635. [PMID: 28802037 PMCID: PMC5726441 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1576] [Impact Index Per Article: 225.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity is stimulated by diverse oncogenes and growth factor receptors, and elevated PI3K signaling is considered a hallmark of cancer. Many PI3K pathway-targeted therapies have been tested in oncology trials, resulting in regulatory approval of one isoform-selective inhibitor (idelalisib) for treatment of certain blood cancers and a variety of other agents at different stages of development. In parallel to PI3K research by cancer biologists, investigations in other fields have uncovered exciting and often unpredicted roles for PI3K catalytic and regulatory subunits in normal cell function and in disease. Many of these functions impinge upon oncology by influencing the efficacy and toxicity of PI3K-targeted therapies. Here we provide a perspective on the roles of class I PI3Ks in the regulation of cellular metabolism and in immune system functions, two topics closely intertwined with cancer biology. We also discuss recent progress developing PI3K-targeted therapies for treatment of cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Fruman
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3900, USA.
| | - Honyin Chiu
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3900, USA
| | - Benjamin D Hopkins
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, 413 E. 69(th) Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Shubha Bagrodia
- Oncology R&D Group, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10646/CB4 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, 413 E. 69(th) Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Robert T Abraham
- Oncology R&D Group, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10646/CB4 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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AKT/PKB Signaling: Navigating the Network. Cell 2017; 169:381-405. [PMID: 28431241 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2274] [Impact Index Per Article: 324.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Ser and Thr kinase AKT, also known as protein kinase B (PKB), was discovered 25 years ago and has been the focus of tens of thousands of studies in diverse fields of biology and medicine. There have been many advances in our knowledge of the upstream regulatory inputs into AKT, key multifunctional downstream signaling nodes (GSK3, FoxO, mTORC1), which greatly expand the functional repertoire of AKT, and the complex circuitry of this dynamically branching and looping signaling network that is ubiquitous to nearly every cell in our body. Mouse and human genetic studies have also revealed physiological roles for the AKT network in nearly every organ system. Our comprehension of AKT regulation and functions is particularly important given the consequences of AKT dysfunction in diverse pathological settings, including developmental and overgrowth syndromes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, and neurological disorders. There has also been much progress in developing AKT-selective small molecule inhibitors. Improved understanding of the molecular wiring of the AKT signaling network continues to make an impact that cuts across most disciplines of the biomedical sciences.
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