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GC S, Bellis SL, Hjelmeland AB. ST6Gal1: Oncogenic signaling pathways and targets. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:962908. [PMID: 36106023 PMCID: PMC9465715 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.962908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi-sialyltransferase ST6Gal1 (βgalactosidase α2,6 sialyltransferase 1), adds the negatively charged sugar, sialic acid, to the terminal galactose of N-glycosylated proteins. Upregulation of ST6Gal1 is observed in many malignancies, and a large body of research has determined that ST6Gal1-mediated α2,6 sialylation impacts cancer hallmarks. ST6Gal1 affects oncogenic behaviors including sustained proliferation, enhanced self-renewal, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, invasion, and chemoresistance. However, there are relatively few ST6GaL1 related signaling pathways that are well-established to mediate these biologies: greater delineation of specific targets and signaling mechanisms that are orchestrated by ST6Gal1 is needed. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of our current understanding of select oncogenic signaling pathways and targets affected by ST6Gal1.
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Hempel C, Milner D, Seydel K, Taylor T. Specific components associated with the endothelial glycocalyx are lost from brain capillaries in cerebral malaria. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:1470-1479. [PMID: 35556124 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral malaria (CM) is a rare, but severe and frequently fatal outcome of infections with Plasmodium falciparum. Pathogenetic mechanisms include endothelial activation and sequestration of parasitized erythrocytes in the cerebral microvessels. Increased concentrations of glycosaminoglycans in urine and plasma of malaria patients have been described, suggesting involvement of endothelial glycocalyx. METHODS We used lectin histochemistry on postmortem samples to compare the distribution of multiple sugar epitopes on cerebral capillaries in children who died from CM and from non-malarial comas. RESULTS N-acetyl glucosamine residues detected by tomato lectin are generally reduced in children with CM compared to controls. We used the vascular expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and mannose residues on brain capillaries of CM as evidence of local vascular inflammation, and both were expressed more highly in CM patients than controls. Sialic acid residues were found to be significantly reduced in patients with CM. By contrast, the levels of other sugar epitopes regularly detected on the cerebral vasculature were unchanged, and this suggests specific remodeling of cerebral microvessels in CM patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support and expand upon earlier reports of disruptions of the endothelial glycocalyx in children with severe malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Hempel
- Department Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dan Milner
- American Society for Clinical Pathology, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, US
| | - Karl Seydel
- Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, US.,Blantyre Malaria Project, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Terrie Taylor
- Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, US.,Blantyre Malaria Project, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
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3
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Kosałka-Węgiel J, Lichołai S, Dziedzina S, Milewski M, Kuszmiersz P, Rams A, Gąsior J, Matyja-Bednarczyk A, Kwiatkowska H, Korkosz M, Siwiec A, Koźlik P, Padjas A, Sydor W, Dropiński J, Sanak M, Musiał J, Bazan-Socha S. Genetic Association between TNFA Polymorphisms (rs1799964 and rs361525) and Susceptibility to Cancer in Systemic Sclerosis. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050698. [PMID: 35629365 PMCID: PMC9145848 DOI: 10.3390/life12050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The aim of the study was to establish an association between TNF-α promoter variability and systemic sclerosis (SSc). The study included 43 SSc patients and 74 controls. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs361525, rs1800629, rs1799724, and rs1799964) located at the promoter of the TNFA gene were genotyped using commercially available TaqMan allelic discrimination assays with real-time PCR. The rs1799724 allele was associated with an increased SSc susceptibility (p = 0.028). In turn, none of the polymorphisms studied were related to the clinical and laboratory parameters of SSc patients, except for a higher prevalence of anti-Ro52 antibodies in the AG rs1800629 genotype in comparison to GG carriers (p = 0.04). Three of four cancer patients had both CT rs1799964 and AG rs361525 genotypes; thus, both of them were related to the increased risk of cancer, as compared to the TT (p = 0.03) and GG carriers (p = 0.0003), respectively. The TNFA C rs1799724 variant is associated with an increased risk of SSc, while the CT rs1799964 and AG rs361525 genotypes might enhance cancer susceptibility in SSc patients, although large observational and experimental studies are needed to verify the above hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kosałka-Węgiel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Rheumatology and Immunology Clinical Department, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-400-31-10
| | - Sabina Lichołai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
| | - Sylwia Dziedzina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
| | - Mamert Milewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Outpatient Clinic for the Immunological and Hypercoagulable Diseases, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Kuszmiersz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Rheumatology and Immunology Clinical Department, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Anna Rams
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
| | - Jolanta Gąsior
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
| | - Aleksandra Matyja-Bednarczyk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Outpatient Clinic for the Immunological and Hypercoagulable Diseases, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Mariusz Korkosz
- Rheumatology and Immunology Clinical Department, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andżelika Siwiec
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Rheumatology and Immunology Clinical Department, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Paweł Koźlik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Padjas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Outpatient Clinic for the Immunological and Hypercoagulable Diseases, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Sydor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Rheumatology and Immunology Clinical Department, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Dropiński
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Outpatient Clinic for the Immunological and Hypercoagulable Diseases, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Sanak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
| | - Jacek Musiał
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Outpatient Clinic for the Immunological and Hypercoagulable Diseases, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Stanisława Bazan-Socha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.L.); (S.D.); (M.M.); (P.K.); (A.R.); (J.G.); (A.M.-B.); (A.S.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (M.S.); (J.M.); (S.B.-S.)
- Outpatient Clinic for the Immunological and Hypercoagulable Diseases, University Hospital, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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Quach TD, Huang W, Sahu R, Diadhiou CM, Raparia C, Johnson R, Leung TM, Malkiel S, Ricketts PG, Gallucci S, Tükel Ç, Jacob CO, Lesser ML, Zou YR, Davidson A. Context dependent induction of autoimmunity by TNF signaling deficiency. JCI Insight 2022; 7:149094. [PMID: 35104241 PMCID: PMC8983147 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF inhibitors are widely used to treat inflammatory diseases; however, 30%–50% of treated patients develop new autoantibodies, and 0.5%–1% develop secondary autoimmune diseases, including lupus. TNF is required for formation of germinal centers (GCs), the site where high-affinity autoantibodies are often made. We found that TNF deficiency in Sle1 mice induced TH17 T cells and enhanced the production of germline encoded, T-dependent IgG anti-cardiolipin antibodies but did not induce GC formation or precipitate clinical disease. We then asked whether a second hit could restore GC formation or induce pathogenic autoimmunity in TNF-deficient mice. By using a range of immune stimuli, we found that somatically mutated autoantibodies and clinical disease can arise in the setting of TNF deficiency via extrafollicular pathways or via atypical GC-like pathways. This breach of tolerance may be due to defects in regulatory signals that modulate the negative selection of pathogenic autoreactive B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam D Quach
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
| | - Weiqing Huang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
| | - Ranjit Sahu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
| | - Catherine Mm Diadhiou
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
| | - Chirag Raparia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
| | - Roshawn Johnson
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
| | - Tung Ming Leung
- Biostatistics Unit, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
| | - Susan Malkiel
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
| | - Peta-Gay Ricketts
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
| | - Stefania Gallucci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Çagla Tükel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Chaim O Jacob
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Martin L Lesser
- Biostatistics Unit, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
| | - Yong-Rui Zou
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
| | - Anne Davidson
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, United States of America
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Zhang L, Ma L, Li J, Lei J, Chen J, Yu C. VE-cadherin N-glycosylation modified by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V regulates VE-cadherin-β-catenin interaction and monocyte adhesion. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1869-1877. [PMID: 34117813 DOI: 10.1113/ep089617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Inflammation-induced monocyte adhesion is the initiator of most vascular diseases. The underlying mechanisms that mediate monocyte adhesion remain to be clarified fully. What is the main finding and its importance? N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V)-mediated N-glycosylation of VE-cadherin regulates the dissociation of the VE-cadherin-β-catenin complex to modulate monocyte adhesion, but GnT-V overexpression cannot rescue monocyte adhesion induced by interleukin-1β. This study clarified the molecular mechanism of VE-cadherin in regulating the monocyte adhesion process. ABSTRACT Monocyte adhesion is a crucial step in the initial stage of atherosclerosis, and dysfunction of VE-cadherin has been reported to be involved in this process. Our group previously found that VE-cadherin and its binding protein, β-catenin, were modified by sialylation, and the levels of sialylation were decreased in pro-inflammatory cytokine-treated human umbilical vein EA.hy926 cells. In this study, we confirmed that the sugar chains of VE-cadherin were modified by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V). We showed that the levels of GnT-V and β1,6-N-acetylglucosamine on the VE-cadherin were reduced in the presence of interleukin-1β, whereas the level of monocyte transendothelial migration was increased. Moreover, the interaction between VE-cadherin and β-catenin was increased, accompanied by an increased accumulation of degradative VE-cadherin and cytoplasmic β-catenin, indicating impairment of cell-cell junctions after interleukin-1β treatment. Furthermore, GnT-V short hairpin RNA and overexpression analysis confirmed that glycosylation of VE-cadherin was modified by GnT-V in EA.hy926 cells, which contributed to the monocyte-endothelial adhesion process. Taken together, these results suggest that the function of VE-cadherin in facilitating monocyte adhesion might result from the decreasing GnT-V expression and disorder of GnT-V-catalysed N-glycosylation. Our study clarified the molecular mechanism of VE-cadherin in regulation of the monocyte adhesion process and provided new insights into the post-transcriptional modifications of VE-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Limei Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jiajia Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, PR China.,Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing Hechuan District People's Hospital, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jin Lei
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chao Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, PR China
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Sanders OD, Rajagopal L, Rajagopal JA. Does oxidatively damaged DNA drive amyloid-β generation in Alzheimer's disease? A hypothesis. J Neurogenet 2021; 35:351-357. [PMID: 34282704 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2021.1954641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyloid-β (Aβ) generation and upstream β-secretase 1 (BACE1) expression appear to be driven by oxidative stress via c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, and Interferon-Induced, Double-Stranded RNA-Activated Protein Kinase (PKR). In addition, inflammatory molecules, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), induce genes central to Aβ genesis, such as BACE1, via nuclear factor-κB (NFκB). However, additional triggers of Aβ generation remain poorly understood and might represent novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Based on mechanistic studies and elevated ectopic oxidatively damaged DNA (oxoDNA) levels in preclinical AD, mild cognitive impairment, and AD patients, we hypothesize oxoDNA contributes to β-amyloidosis starting from the earliest stages of AD through multiple pathways. OxoDNA induces mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP4K4), thereby sensitizing the brain to oxidative stress-induced JNK activation and BACE1 transcription. It also induces myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) and activates protein kinase CK2, thereby increasing NFκB activation and BACE1 induction. OxoDNA increases oxidative stress via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) ectopic localization, likely augmenting JNK-mediated BACE1 induction. OxoDNA likely also promotes β-amyloidosis via absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) induction. Falsifiable predictions of this hypothesis include that deoxyribonuclease treatment should decrease Aβ and possibly slow cognitive decline in AD patients. While formal testing of this hypothesis remains to be performed, a case report has found deoxyribonuclease I treatment improved a severely demented AD patient's Mini-Mental Status Exam score from 3 to 18 at 2 months. There is preliminary preclinical and clinical evidence suggesting that ectopic oxidatively damaged DNA may act as an inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern contributing to Aβ generation in AD, and deoxyribonuclease I should be formally evaluated to test whether it can decrease Aβ levels and slow cognitive decline in AD patients.
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Wedekind H, Kats E, Weiss AC, Thiesler H, Klaus C, Kispert A, Horstkorte R, Neumann H, Weinhold B, Münster-Kühnel A, Abeln M. Gne deletion in mice leads to lethal intracerebral hemorrhage during embryonic development. Glycobiology 2021; 31:1478-1489. [PMID: 34224569 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the enzymes of the biosynthesis of sialoglycoconjugates, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE), catalyzing the first essential step of the sialic acid (Sia) de novo biosynthesis, and CMP-Sia synthase (CMAS), activating Sia to CMP-Sia, are particularly important. The knockout of either of these enzymes in mice is embryonically lethal. While the lethality of Cmas-/- mice has been attributed to a maternal complement attack against asialo fetal placental cells, the cause of lethality in Gne-deficient embryos has remained elusive. Here, we advanced the significance of sialylation for embryonic development through detailed histological analyses of Gne-/- embryos and placentae. We found that Gne-/- embryonic and extraembryonic tissues are hyposialylated, rather than completely deficient of sialoglycans which holds true for Cmas-/- embryos. Residual sialylation of Gne-/- cells can be explained by scavenging free Sia from sialylated maternal serum glycoconjugates via the lysosomal salvage pathway. The placental architecture of Gne-/- mice was unaffected, but severe hemorrhages in the neuroepithelium with extensive bleeding into the cephalic ventricles were present at E12.5 in the mutants. At E13.5, the vast majority of Gne-/- embryos were asystolic. This phenotype persisted when Gne-/- mice were backcrossed to a complement component 3-deficient background, confirming distinct pathomechanisms of Cmas-/- and Gne-/- mice. We conclude that the low level of sialylation observed in Gne-/- mice is sufficient, both for immune homeostasis at the fetal-maternal interface and for embryonic development until E12.5. However, formation of the neural microvasculature is the first critical process depending on a higher degree of sialylation during development of the embryo proper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Wedekind
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elina Kats
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna-Carina Weiss
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hauke Thiesler
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Klaus
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Kispert
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Horstkorte
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Harald Neumann
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Birgit Weinhold
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anja Münster-Kühnel
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Abeln
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Krick S, Helton ES, Easter M, Bollenbecker S, Denson R, Zaharias R, Cochran P, Vang S, Harris E, Wells JM, Barnes JW. ST6GAL1 and α2-6 Sialylation Regulates IL-6 Expression and Secretion in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:693149. [PMID: 34290711 PMCID: PMC8287524 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.693149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a systemic disease strongly associated with cigarette smoking, airway inflammation, and acute disease exacerbations. Changes in terminal sialylation and fucosylation of asparagine (N)-linked glycans have been documented in COPD, but the role that glycosyltransferases may play in the regulation of N-linked glycans in COPD has not been fully elucidated. Recent studies suggest that modulation of ST6GAL1 (ST6 beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase-1), which catalyzes terminal α2-6 sialylation of cellular proteins, may regulate inflammation and contribute to COPD phenotype(s). Interestingly, it has been previously demonstrated that ST6GAL1, a Golgi resident protein, can be proteolytically processed by BACE1 (beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1) to a circulating form that retains activity. In this study, we showed that loss of ST6GAL1 expression increased interleukin (IL)-6 expression and secretion in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). Furthermore, exposure to cigarette smoke medium/extract (CSE) or BACE1 inhibition resulted in decreased ST6GAL1 secretion, reduced α2-6 sialylation, and increased IL-6 production in HBECs. Analysis of plasma ST6GAL1 levels in a small COPD patient cohort demonstrated an inverse association with prospective acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD), while IL-6 was positively associated. Altogether, these results suggest that reduced ST6GAL1 and α2-6 sialylation augments IL-6 expression/secretion in HBECs and is associated with poor clinical outcomes in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Krick
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - E. Scott Helton
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Molly Easter
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Seth Bollenbecker
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rebecca Denson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rennan Zaharias
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Phillip Cochran
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Shia Vang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Elex Harris
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - James M. Wells
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- UAB Lung Health Center, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jarrod W. Barnes
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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9
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Chacón-Quintero MV, Pineda-López LG, Villegas-Lanau CA, Posada-Duque R, Cardona-Gómez GP. Beta-Secretase 1 Underlies Reactive Astrocytes and Endothelial Disruption in Neurodegeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:656832. [PMID: 34025357 PMCID: PMC8136516 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.656832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction in the neurovascular unit (NVU) is a key component in the progressive deterioration of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is critical in vascular dementia. Recent studies have shown that inflammation plays early and perhaps causal roles in the pathogenesis of AD related to NVU damage, possibly in part by overactivating the aspartic acid protease activity of β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), which until now has almost solely been studied in the context of the β-amyloid cascade. In this study, we analyzed the relationship of BACE1 with astrocytes and blood vessels in human brains with sporadic and familial dementia [Autosomal dominant cerebral arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD), and familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD)] and how BACE1 inhibition affects astrocytes and endothelial cells under conditions of glutamate toxicity. Our results show increased BACE1, PHF (Paired helical filaments)-tau and GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein) immunoreactivity (IR) in the CA1 hippocampal regions of FAD and SAD brains. Furthermore, BACE1 immunoprecipitated with GFAP in tissue samples from all study cases, but their immunofluorescence close to (10 μm3) or overlapping blood vessels was only increased in FAD and SAD brains, and PHF-tau was present around the vessels mainly in FAD brains. Interestingly, the increased BACE1 levels were associated with reactive astrocytes, characterized by morphological changes and upregulation of GFAP under pathological and stressful conditions, and endothelial disruption by glutamate excitotoxicity, and these effects were reversed by BACE1 inhibition; further, BACE1-inhibited astrocytes protected endothelial cell integrity by preserving zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) distribution and decreasing the expression of inflammatory markers. Taken together, these findings suggest that BACE1 dysregulation in astrocytes may have a role in the alterations in NVU integrity implicated in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Chacón-Quintero
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Medellin, Colombia.,Institute of Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Lina Gisela Pineda-López
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Medellin, Colombia.,Institute of Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | | | - Rafael Posada-Duque
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Medellin, Colombia.,Institute of Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Gloria Patricia Cardona-Gómez
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Medellin, Colombia
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10
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Fissel JA, Farah MH. The influence of BACE1 on macrophage recruitment and activity in the injured peripheral nerve. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:71. [PMID: 33722254 PMCID: PMC7962400 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Following peripheral nerve injury, multiple cell types, including axons, Schwann cells, and macrophages, coordinate to promote nerve regeneration. However, this capacity for repair is limited, particularly in older populations, and current treatments are insufficient. A critical component of the regeneration response is the network of cell-to-cell signaling in the injured nerve microenvironment. Sheddases are expressed in the peripheral nerve and play a role in the regulation if this cell-to-cell signaling through cleavage of transmembrane proteins, enabling the regulation of multiple pathways through cis- and trans-cellular regulatory mechanisms. Enhanced axonal regeneration has been observed in mice with deletion of the sheddase beta-secretase (BACE1), a transmembrane aspartyl protease that has been studied in the context of Alzheimer’s disease. BACE1 knockout (KO) mice display enhanced macrophage recruitment and activity following nerve injury, although it is unclear whether this plays a role in driving the enhanced axonal regeneration. Further, it is unknown by what mechanism(s) BACE1 increases macrophage recruitment and activity. BACE1 has many substrates, several of which are known to have immunomodulatory activity. This review will discuss current knowledge of the role of BACE1 and other sheddases in peripheral nerve regeneration and outline known immunomodulatory BACE1 substrates and what potential roles they could play in peripheral nerve regeneration. Currently, the literature suggests that BACE1 and substrates that are expressed by neurons and Schwann cells are likely to be more important for this process than those expressed by macrophages. More broadly, BACE1 may play a role as an effector of immunomodulation beyond the peripheral nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Fissel
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The John G. Rangos Sr. Building, Room 239, 855 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mohamed H Farah
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The John G. Rangos Sr. Building, Room 239, 855 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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11
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Hrabinova M, Pejchal J, Kucera T, Jun D, Schmidt M, Soukup O. Is It the Twilight of BACE1 Inhibitors? Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:61-77. [PMID: 32359337 PMCID: PMC7903497 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200503023323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
β-secretase (BACE1) has been regarded as a prime target for the development of amyloid beta (Aβ) lowering drugs in the therapy of Alzheimer´s disease (AD). Although the enzyme was discovered in 1991 and helped to formulate the Aβ hypothesis as one of the very important features of AD etiopathogenesis, progress in AD treatment utilizing BACE1 inhibitors has remained limited. Moreover, in the last years, major pharmaceutical companies have discontinued clinical trials of five BACE1 inhibitors that had been strongly perceived as prospective. In our review, the Aβ hypothesis, the enzyme, its functions, and selected substrates are described. BACE1 inhibitors are classified into four generations. Those that underwent clinical trials displayed adverse effects, including weight loss, skin rashes, worsening of neuropsychiatric symptoms, etc. Some inhibitors could not establish a statistically significant risk-benefit ratio, or even scored worse than placebo. We still believe that drugs targeting BACE1 may still hide some potential, but a different approach to BACE1 inhibition or a shift of focus to modulation of its trafficking and/or post-translational modification should now be followed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaroslav Pejchal
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence in Brno, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;E-mail:
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12
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From Brain to Heart: Possible Role of Amyloid-β in Ischemic Heart Disease and Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249655. [PMID: 33348925 PMCID: PMC7766370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is among the leading causes of death in developed countries. Its pathological origin is traced back to coronary atherosclerosis, a lipid-driven immuno-inflammatory disease of the arteries that leads to multifocal plaque development. The primary clinical manifestation of IHD is acute myocardial infarction (AMI),) whose prognosis is ameliorated with optimal timing of revascularization. Paradoxically, myocardium re-perfusion can be detrimental because of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), an oxidative-driven process that damages other organs. Amyloid-β (Aβ) plays a physiological role in the central nervous system (CNS). Alterations in its synthesis, concentration and clearance have been connected to several pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Aβ has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of IHD and cerebral IRI. The purpose of this review is to summarize what is known about the pathological role of Aβ in the CNS; starting from this evidence, we will illustrate the role played by Aβ in the development of coronary atherosclerosis and its possible implications in the pathophysiology of IHD and myocardial IRI. Better elucidation of Aβ's contribution to the molecular pathways underlying IHD and IRI could be of great help in developing new therapeutic strategies.
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13
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Glanz VY, Myasoedova VA, Grechko AV, Orekhov AN. Trans-sialidase Associated with Atherosclerosis: Defining the Identity of a Key Enzyme Involved in the Pathology. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:938-941. [PMID: 30848200 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190308111619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is associated with the increased trans-sialidase activity, which can be detected in the blood plasma of atherosclerosis patients. The likely involvement in the disease pathogenesis made this activity an interesting research subject and the enzyme that may perform such activity was isolated and characterized in terms of substrate specificity and enzymatic properties. It was found that the enzyme has distinct optimum pH values, and its activity was enhanced by the presence of Ca2+ ions. Most importantly, the enzyme was able to cause atherogenic modification of lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) particles in vitro. However, the identity of the discovered enzyme remained to be defined. Currently, sialyltransferases, mainly ST6Gal I, are regarded as major contributors to sialic acid metabolism in human blood. In this mini-review, we discuss the possibility that atherosclerosis- associated trans-sialidase does, in fact, belong to the sialyltransferases family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Y Glanz
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russian Federation
| | - Veronika A Myasoedova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey V Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 109240 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russian Federation.,Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russian Federation.,Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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14
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Chen L, Huang Y, Guo J, Li Y. Expression of Bace1 is positive with the progress of atherosclerosis and formation of foam cell. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:440-446. [PMID: 32507599 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the occurrence of atherosclerosis is closely related to changes of α2, 6-sialic acid transferase I (ST6Gal-I). Bace1 has been identified as a protease responsible for the cleavage and secretion of Golgi-resident ST6Gal-I. There have been only a few attempts to clarify the direct connection between Bace1 and atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Bace1 gene and atherosclerosis. Expressions of Bace1 protein and mRNA in ApoE-/- mice fed on high-fat diet were evaluated and the development of atherosclerosis was assessed in Bace1-/- mice fed on high-fat diet. In vitro, the expression of Bace1 gene was detected in foam cell model and the formation of foam cells was examined after knocking down Bace1 by siRNA. We observed a significant increase in Bace1 expression in the aortic root in the model of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/-mice. The expression of Bace1 protein and mRNA levels had a remarkable increase in high-fat group. After knocking out the Bace1 gene, serum lipid levels were significantly lower and intimal thickness was obvious thinner than those in wild-type mice with high-fat diet. Expression of Bace1 protein and mRNA levels were significantly elevated in foam cell. The formation of foam cells was blocked when Bace1 was knocked down by siRNA interferes. Our results suggested that elevated Bace1 gene had a positive role in the progression of atherosclerosis. Affecting the glycosyltransferase may be one of its mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linmu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzho, 510006, China; Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Guangdong, Zhongshan, 528403, China
| | - Yunxiu Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Guangdong, Zhongshan, 528403, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzho, 510006, China
| | - Yunjing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Guangdong, Zhongshan, 528403, China.
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15
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Bauer TJ, Gombocz E, Wehland M, Bauer J, Infanger M, Grimm D. Insight in Adhesion Protein Sialylation and Microgravity Dependent Cell Adhesion-An Omics Network Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051749. [PMID: 32143440 PMCID: PMC7084616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The adhesion behavior of human tissue cells changes in vitro, when gravity forces affecting these cells are modified. To understand the mechanisms underlying these changes, proteins involved in cell-cell or cell-extracellular matrix adhesion, their expression, accumulation, localization, and posttranslational modification (PTM) regarding changes during exposure to microgravity were investigated. As the sialylation of adhesion proteins is influencing cell adhesion on Earth in vitro and in vivo, we analyzed the sialylation of cell adhesion molecules detected by omics studies on cells, which change their adhesion behavior when exposed to microgravity. Using a knowledge graph created from experimental omics data and semantic searches across several reference databases, we studied the sialylation of adhesion proteins glycosylated at their extracellular domains with regards to its sensitivity to microgravity. This way, experimental omics data networked with the current knowledge about the binding of sialic acids to cell adhesion proteins, its regulation, and interactions in between those proteins provided insights into the mechanisms behind our experimental findings, suggesting that balancing the sialylation against the de-sialylation of the terminal ends of the adhesion proteins' glycans influences their binding activity. This sheds light on the transition from two- to three-dimensional growth observed in microgravity, mirroring cell migration and cancer metastasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Bauer
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (T.J.B.); (M.W.); (M.I.); (D.G.)
| | - Erich Gombocz
- Melissa Informatics, 2550 Ninth Street, Suite 114, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA;
| | - Markus Wehland
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (T.J.B.); (M.W.); (M.I.); (D.G.)
| | - Johann Bauer
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-85783803
| | - Manfred Infanger
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (T.J.B.); (M.W.); (M.I.); (D.G.)
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (T.J.B.); (M.W.); (M.I.); (D.G.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Pfälzer Platz, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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16
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Keating CL, Kuhn E, Bals J, Cocco AR, Yousif AS, Matysiak C, Sangesland M, Ronsard L, Smoot M, Moreno TB, Okonkwo V, Setliff I, Georgiev I, Balazs AB, Carr SA, Lingwood D. Spontaneous Glycan Reattachment Following N-Glycanase Treatment of Influenza and HIV Vaccine Antigens. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:733-743. [PMID: 31913636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In cells, asparagine/N-linked glycans are added to glycoproteins cotranslationally, in an attachment process that supports proper folding of the nascent polypeptide. We found that following pruning of N-glycan by the amidase PNGase F, the principal influenza vaccine antigen and major viral spike protein hemagglutinin (HA) spontaneously reattached N-glycan to its de-N-glycosylated positions when the amidase was removed from solution. This reaction, which we term N-glycanation, was confirmed by site-specific analysis of HA glycoforms by mass spectrometry prior to PNGase F exposure, during exposure to PNGase F, and after amidase removal. Iterative rounds of de-N-glycosylation followed by N-glycanation could be repeated at least three times and were observed for other viral glycoproteins/vaccine antigens, including the envelope glycoprotein (Env) from HIV. Covalent N-glycan reattachment was nonenzymatic as it occurred in the presence of metal ions that inhibit PNGase F activity. Rather, N-glycanation relied on a noncovalent assembly between protein and glycan, formed in the presence of the amidase, where linearization of the glycoprotein prevented this retention and subsequent N-glycanation. This reaction suggests that under certain experimental conditions, some glycoproteins can organize self-glycan addition, highlighting a remarkable self-assembly principle that may prove useful for re-engineering therapeutic glycoproteins such as influenza HA or HIV Env, where glycan sequence and structure can markedly affect bioactivity and vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina L Keating
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital , The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University , 400 Technology Square , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States of America
| | - Eric Kuhn
- The Broad Institute of The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University , 415 Main Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02142 , United States of America
| | - Julia Bals
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital , The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University , 400 Technology Square , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States of America
| | - Alexandra R Cocco
- The Broad Institute of The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University , 415 Main Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02142 , United States of America
| | - Ashraf S Yousif
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital , The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University , 400 Technology Square , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States of America
| | - Colette Matysiak
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital , The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University , 400 Technology Square , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States of America
| | - Maya Sangesland
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital , The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University , 400 Technology Square , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States of America
| | - Larance Ronsard
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital , The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University , 400 Technology Square , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States of America
| | - Matthew Smoot
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital , The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University , 400 Technology Square , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States of America
| | - Thalia Bracamonte Moreno
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital , The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University , 400 Technology Square , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States of America
| | - Vintus Okonkwo
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital , The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University , 400 Technology Square , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States of America
| | - Ian Setliff
- Program in Chemical & Physical Biology , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , 340 Light Hall , Nashville 37232-0301 , United States of America.,Vanderbilt Vaccine Center , Vanderbilt University , 2213 Garland Avenue , Nashville , Tennessee 37232-0417 , United States of America
| | - Ivelin Georgiev
- Program in Chemical & Physical Biology , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , 340 Light Hall , Nashville 37232-0301 , United States of America.,Vanderbilt Vaccine Center , Vanderbilt University , 2213 Garland Avenue , Nashville , Tennessee 37232-0417 , United States of America.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , C-3322 Medical Center North , Nashville , Tennessee 37232-2561 , United States of America.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , Vanderbilt University , 2301 Vanderbilt Place , Nashville , Tennessee 37235-1826 , United States of America
| | - Alejandro B Balazs
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital , The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University , 400 Technology Square , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States of America
| | - Steven A Carr
- The Broad Institute of The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University , 415 Main Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02142 , United States of America
| | - Daniel Lingwood
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital , The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University , 400 Technology Square , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States of America
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17
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Shen D, Zhao D, Yang X, Zhang J, He H, Yu C. Geniposide against atherosclerosis by inhibiting the formation of foam cell and lowering reverse lipid transport via p38/MAPK signaling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 864:172728. [PMID: 31600492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Geniposide, the main medicinal ingredient of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, is known to be a resistant agent to atherosclerosis. Some reports its mechanism against atherosclerosis remains completely unclear. Herein, we have investigated the protective effect of geniposide against atherosclerosis as well as clarified the mechanisms related with inhibiting the formation of foam cells and lowering reverse lipid transport via p38/MAPK signaling pathways. Macrophage Raw264.7 was induced by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to form foam cell as a cell model. ApoE-/- mice were fed with a high-fat diet for 16 weeks to cause atherosclerosis in carotid artery. After treatment with geniposide, CCK-8, oil red O stain, qRT-PCR and western blot were carried out to explore the effect of geniposide. Morphological changes, histological analyses were used to evaluate atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. Geniposide significantly reduced serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and LDL cholesterol levels in ApoE-/- mice compared with vehicle control. Meanwhile, geniposide dose dependently inhibited the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. Furthermore, geniposide observably inhibited the formation of foam cells induced by LPA, down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of SR-A and up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of ABCA1 or SR-B1 in vitro via inhibition of the p38MAPK and AKT signaling pathways. Our study shows that geniposide protected against atherosclerosis and inhibited the formation of foam cells by regulating the equilibrium on expression of diverse lipid transporters in cytomembrane which related with p38MAPK and AKT signaling pathways. Geniposide is a potential therapeutic drug for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Shen
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Dezhang Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Xi Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Hui He
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Chao Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, Chongqing, 400016, PR China; Chongqing pharmacodynamic evaluation engineering technology research center, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
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18
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Chen L, Zhang J, Yang X, Liu Y, Deng X, Yu C. Lysophosphatidic acid decreased macrophage foam cell migration correlated with downregulation of fucosyltransferase 8 via HNF1α. Atherosclerosis 2019; 290:19-30. [PMID: 31557675 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Aberrant fucosylation, such as α-1,6 fucosylation catalyzed by fucosyltransferase 8 (Fut8), is associated with reduced cell migration and is responsible for cholesterol-enriched foam cell accumulation in the intima in the early stage of atherosclerosis. The current study evaluated the impact of glycosyltransferases on foam cell migration induced by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and its potential mechanism. METHODS The mobility of foam cells was evaluated via transwell and scratch assays. The expression of Fut8 and α-1,6 fucosylation of proteins were assessed by RT-PCR, Western blotting, etc. Overexpression of Fut8 was used to explore the direct relationship between Fut8 and foam cell migration. Dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to determine whether the regulation of Fut8 by LPA occurred at the transcriptional level. Binding of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha (HNF1α) to the Fut8 promoter was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS We found that the migration capacity of foam cells induced by LPA was significantly decreased. Fut8 and α-1,6 fucosylation showed the most obvious decline after treatment with 200 μM LPA for 24 h. Overexpression of Fut8 was able to restore the foam cell migration capacity. Another important finding was that the LPA1 and LPA3 (LPA1,3) receptors were involved in the regulation of Fut8. It is interesting to note that LPA led to a decrease in Fut8 gene transcription activity, and HNF1α transcription factor played a positive role in downregulation of Fut8 promoter activity. CONCLUSIONS Our results strongly indicated that the LPA-LPA1, 3 receptor-HNF1α pathway is involved in the downregulation of Fut8, leading to diminished foam cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linmu Chen
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Xi Yang
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China; College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Xiao Deng
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Chao Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
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19
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Sun R, He T, Pan Y, Katusic ZS. Effects of senescence and angiotensin II on expression and processing of amyloid precursor protein in human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:100-114. [PMID: 29348391 PMCID: PMC5811245 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine the effects of senescence and angiotensin II (Ang II) on expression and processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). Senescence caused a decrease in APP expression thereby resulting in reduced secretion of soluble APPα (sAPPα). In contrast, β-site APP cleaving enzyme (BACE1) expression and production of amyloid β (Aβ)40 were increased in senescent endothelium. Importantly, in senescent human BMECs, treatment with BACE1 inhibitor IV inhibited Aβ generation and increased sAPPα production by enhancing a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM)10 expression. Furthermore, Ang II impaired expression of ADAM10 and significantly reduced generation of sAPPα in senescent human BMECs. This inhibitory effect of Ang II was prevented by treatment with BACE1 inhibitor IV. Our results suggest that impairment of α-processing and shift to amyloidogenic pathway of APP contribute to endothelial dysfunction induced by senescence. Loss of sAPPα in senescent cells treated with Ang II exacerbates detrimental effects of senescence on APP processing. Notably, inhibition of BACE1 has beneficial effects on senescence induced endothelial dysfunction. Reported findings may help to explain contributions of senescent cerebral microvascular endothelium to development of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohan Sun
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China.,Department of Anesthesiology and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Tongrong He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yujun Pan
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
| | - Zvonimir S Katusic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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20
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Irons EE, Lee-Sundlov MM, Zhu Y, Neelamegham S, Hoffmeister KM, Lau JT. B cells suppress medullary granulopoiesis by an extracellular glycosylation-dependent mechanism. eLife 2019; 8:47328. [PMID: 31408003 PMCID: PMC6713473 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response relies on the integration of cell-intrinsic processes with cell-extrinsic cues. During infection, B cells vacate the marrow during emergency granulopoiesis but return upon restoration of homeostasis. Here we report a novel glycosylation-mediated crosstalk between marrow B cells and hematopoietic progenitors. Human B cells secrete active ST6GAL1 sialyltransferase that remodels progenitor cell surface glycans to suppress granulopoiesis. In mouse models, ST6GAL1 from B cells alters the sialylation profile of bone marrow populations, and mature IgD+ B cells were enriched in sialylated bone marrow niches. In clinical multiple myeloma, ST6GAL1 abundance in the multiple myeloma cells negatively correlated with neutrophil abundance. These observations highlight not only the ability of medullary B cells to influence blood cell production, but also the disruption to normal granulopoiesis by excessive ST6GAL1 in malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Irons
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, United States
| | | | - Yuqi Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, United States
| | - Sriram Neelamegham
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, United States
| | | | - Joseph Ty Lau
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, United States
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21
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Mensah SA, Harding IC, Zhang M, Jaeggli MP, Torchilin VP, Niedre MJ, Ebong EE. Metastatic cancer cell attachment to endothelium is promoted by endothelial glycocalyx sialic acid degradation. AIChE J 2019; 65. [PMID: 31367063 PMCID: PMC6668365 DOI: 10.1002/aic.16634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
While it is known that cancer cell interactions with vascular endothelial cells (ECs) drive metastatic cancer cell extravasation from blood vessels into secondary tumor sites, the mechanisms of action are still poorly understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that neuraminidase‐induced degradation of EC surface glycocalyx (GCX), particularly the sialic acid (SA) residue components of the GCX, will substantially increase metastatic cancer cell attachment to ECs. To our knowledge, our study is the first to isolate the role of GCX SA residues in cancer cell attachment to the endothelium, which were found to be differentially affected by the presence of neuraminidase and to indeed regulate metastatic cancer cell homing to ECs. We hope that this work will eventually translate to identification of EC GCX‐based cancer markers that can be therapeutically targeted to hinder the progression of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon A. Mensah
- Bioengineering Department Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts
| | - Ian C. Harding
- Bioengineering Department Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts
| | - Michelle Zhang
- Chemical Engineering Department Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Mark J. Niedre
- Bioengineering Department Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts
| | - Eno E. Ebong
- Bioengineering Department Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts
- Chemical Engineering Department Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts
- Neuroscience Department Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York New York
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22
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Sialic acid as a target for the development of novel antiangiogenic strategies. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:2835-2854. [PMID: 30539670 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid is associated with glycoproteins and gangliosides of eukaryotic cells. It regulates various molecular interactions, being implicated in inflammation and cancer, where its expression is regulated by sialyltransferases and sialidases. Angiogenesis, the formation of new capillaries, takes place during inflammation and cancer, and represents the outcome of several interactions occurring at the endothelial surface among angiogenic growth factors, inhibitors, receptors, gangliosides and cell-adhesion molecules. Here, we elaborate on the evidences that many structures involved in angiogenesis are sialylated and that their interactions depend on sialic acid with implications in angiogenesis itself, inflammation and cancer. We also discuss the possibility to exploit sialic acid as a target for the development of novel antiangiogenic drugs.
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23
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The role of UNC5b in ox-LDL inhibiting migration of RAW264.7 macrophages and the involvement of CCR7. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:637-643. [PMID: 30286954 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The formation of macrophage foam cells by ingesting ox-LDL and focal retention in the subendothelial space are the hallmarks of the early atherosclerotic lesion. The C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7) is positively correlated with the macrophage migration. But the mechanism of CCR7 regulation is not fully clearness. In the present study, we demonstrates that expression in UNC5b and netrin-1 was enhanced in respond to ox-LDL in Raw264.7 macrophage and associated with decreasing cell migration. Interestingly, it was found that ox-LDL significantly downregulate CCR7 gene expression. The expression of CCR7 in mRNA and protein levels were decreased in ox-LDL treated Raw264.7 macrophage when we over expression of UNC5b with pcDNA3.1-UNC5b plasmid. We got the inverse results after silence UNC5b gene with siUNC5b. Meanwhile, the data show that in ox-LDL inducement, UNC5b down-regulated CCR7, and then inhibited macrophage migration. This novel phenomenon is of a crucial highlights to understand deeply the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The molecular mechanism of CCR7 regulation deserves intensive study.
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24
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Zhang J, Liu Y, Deng X, Chen L, Yang X, Yu C. ST6GAL1 negatively regulates monocyte transendothelial migration and atherosclerosis development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:249-255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Yang X, Zhang J, Chen L, Wu Q, Yu C. Chitosan oligosaccharides enhance lipid droplets via down-regulation of PCSK9 gene expression in HepG2 cells. Exp Cell Res 2018; 366:152-160. [PMID: 29548750 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS), linear polymers of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and deacetylated glucosamine, exhibit diverse pharmacological effects such as antimicrobial, antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Here, we explored their hypocholesterolemic effects in vivo and the molecular mechanisms of COS in hepatic cells. Our in vivo study of dyslipidemic ApoE-/- male mice showed that COS treatment of 500 mg kg-1 d-1 for 4 weeks clearly reduced the lipid deposits in the aorta and significantly decreased the hepatic proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) protein levels versus HFD groups (p < 0.05). To elucidate the mechanisms behind these effects, the HepG2 cell line was treated with COS. We found that COS (200 μg/ml) increased the amount of cell-surface low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and enhanced the lipid droplets in HepG2 cells (p < 0.05). The mRNA levels of LDLR and HMG-CoA protein levels were not altered, and the mRNA levels of PCSK9 were down-regulated by COS treatment for 24 h. We also observed that the expression levels of SREBP-2 (125 kD) and HNF-1α were increased in total cell lysates, but nuclear SREBP-2 (nSREBP-2, 68 kD, the active subunit of SREBP-2) levels were decreased and FOXO3a levels increased in nuclear lysates after COS treatment for 24 h. We demonstrated that one of the reasons for regulation of lipid transfer with COS is that FOXO3a levels are up-regulated by COS, leading to a reduction in the PCSK9 promoter binding capacity of HNF-1α and thus suppressing PCSK9 gene expression, up-regulating LDLR levels, and enhancing the lipid droplets in HepG2 cells. In addition, decreased expression of the PCSK9 gene was also contributed to by down-regulation of SREBP-2 by COS. We further confirmed the effect of suppression of PCSK9 expression by COS by utilizing RNA interference to silence HNF-1α and SREBP-2. Finally, to the best of our knowledge, we are the first to demonstrate that PCSK9 expression and LDLR activity are synergistically changed by a combination of HNF-1α and SREBP-2 after COS treatment. Our findings indicate that COS may regulate PCSK9 to modulate hepatic LDLR abundance and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Institute of Life Science and College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Life Science and College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Linmu Chen
- Institute of Life Science and College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Institute of Life Science and College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Chao Yu
- Institute of Life Science and College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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26
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Rol del receptor de adenosina A 2A , óxido nítrico y factor de crecimiento de endotelio vascular en la sepsis: una revisión no sistemática. ANGIOLOGIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.angio.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Zhang J, Ju N, Yang X, Chen L, Yu C. The α1,3-fucosyltransferase FUT7 regulates IL-1β-induced monocyte-endothelial adhesion via fucosylation of endomucin. Life Sci 2017; 192:231-237. [PMID: 29138114 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Monocyte-endothelial adhesion is a hallmark feature of atherosclerosis at early stage and emerging evidence suggests that the glycosylation of vascular adhesive molecules and its ligands is involved in this process. Nevertheless, the mechanism underlying this process remains incompletely elucidated. In this study, we reported that treatment with inflammatory factors interleukin-1β (IL-1β) pronouncedly upregulated α1,3-fucosyltransferase VII gene (FUT7) mRNA and protein expression level in EA.hy926 endothelial cells. Moreover, FUT7 overexpression significantly promoted monocyte-endothelial adhesion, while FUT7 knockdown obviously inhibited IL-1β-induced monocyte-endothelial adhesion. Further analysis demonstrated that fucosylation of selectin ligand endomucin was directly involved in IL-1β-induced monocyte-endothelial adhesion. Finally, we demonstrated that p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) MAPK signaling pathway was activated by IL-1β, while inhibition of p38/ERK signaling pathway decreased FUT7 expression level and IL-1β-induced monocyte-endothelial adhesion. In summary, these results provide a novel insight that FUT7-mediated fucosylation contribute to the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Nana Ju
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Xi Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Linmu Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Chao Yu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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28
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Kizuka Y, Kitazume S, Taniguchi N. N -glycan and Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2447-2454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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29
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Li JM, Huang LL, Liu F, Tang BS, Yan XX. Can brain impermeable BACE1 inhibitors serve as anti-CAA medicine? BMC Neurol 2017; 17:163. [PMID: 28841840 PMCID: PMC5574137 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-017-0942-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by the deposition of ß-amyloid peptides (Aß) in and surrounding the wall of microvasculature in the central nervous system, together with parenchymal amyloid plaques collectively referred to as cerebral amyloidosis, which occurs in the brain commonly among the elderly and more frequently in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). CAA is associated with vascular injury and may cause devastating neurological outcomes. No therapeutic approach is available for this lesion to date. Main body ß-Secretase 1 (BACE1) is the enzyme initiating Aß production. Brain permeable BACE1 inhibitors targeting primarily at the parenchymal plaque pathology are currently evaluated in clinical trials. This article presents findings in support of a role of BACE1 elevation in the development of CAA, in addition to plaque pathogenesis. The rationale, feasibility, benefit and strategic issues for developing BACE1 inhibitors against CAA are discussed. Brain impermeable compounds are considered preferable as they might exhibit sufficient anti-CAA efficacy without causing significant neuronal/synaptic side effects. Conclusion Early pharmacological intervention to the pathogenesis of CAA is expected to provide significant protection for cerebral vascular health and hence brain health. Brain impermeable BACE1 inhibitors should be optimized and tested as potential anti-CAA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ming Li
- Department of Neurology & Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.,Neuroscience Research Center, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, 410219, China
| | - Li-Ling Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University School of Basic Medical Science, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Bei-Sha Tang
- Department of Neurology & Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Yan
- Department of Neurology & Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China. .,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University School of Basic Medical Science, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
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30
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Contribution of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 sialylation to the process of angiogenesis. Oncogene 2017; 36:6531-6541. [PMID: 28783175 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) is the main pro-angiogenic receptor expressed by endothelial cells (ECs). Using surface plasmon resonance, immunoprecipitation, enzymatic digestion, immunofluorescence and cross-linking experiments with specific sugar-binding lectins, we demonstrated that VEGFR2 bears both α,1-fucose and α(2,6)-linked sialic acid (NeuAc). However, only the latter is required for VEGF binding to VEGFR2 and consequent VEGF-dependent VEGFR2 activation and motogenic response in ECs. Notably, downregulation of β-galactoside α(2,6)-sialyltransferase expression by short hairpin RNA transduction inhibits VEGFR2 α(2,6) sialylation that is paralleled by an increase of β-galactoside α(2,3)-sialyltransferase expression. This results in an ex-novo α(2,3)-NeuAc sialylation of the receptor that functionally replaces the lacking α(2,6)-NeuAc, thus allowing VEGF/VEGFR2 interaction. In keeping with the role of VEGFR2 sialylation in angiogenesis, the α(2,6)-NeuAc-binding lectin Sambucus nigra (SNA) prevents VEGF-dependent VEGFR2 autophosphorylation and EC motility, proliferation and motogenesis. In addition, SNA exerts a VEGF-antagonist activity in tridimensional angiogenesis models in vitro and in the chick-embryo chorioallantoic membrane neovascularization assay and mouse matrigel plug assay in vivo. In conclusion, VEGFR2-associated NeuAc plays an important role in modulating VEGF/VEGFR2 interaction, EC pro-angiogenic activation and neovessel formation. VEGFR2 sialylation may represent a target for the treatment of angiogenesis-dependent diseases.
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31
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Chen L, Zhang J, Deng X, Liu Y, Yang X, Wu Q, Yu C. Lysophosphatidic acid directly induces macrophage-derived foam cell formation by blocking the expression of SRBI. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:587-594. [PMID: 28765047 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The leading cause of morbidity and mortality is the result of cardiovascular disease, mainly atherosclerosis. The formation of macrophage foam cells by ingesting ox-LDL and focal retention in the subendothelial space are the hallmarks of the early atherosclerotic lesion. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), which is a low-molecular weight lysophospholipid enriched in oxidized LDL, exerts a range of effects on the cardiovascular system. Previous reports show that LPA increases the uptake of ox-LDL to promote the formation of foam cells. However, as the most active component of ox-LDL, there is no report showing whether LPA directly affects foam cell formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of LPA on foam cell formation, as well as to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Oil red O staining and a Cholesterol/cholesteryl ester quantitation assay were used to evaluate foam cell formation in Raw264.7 macrophage cells. We utilized a Western blot and RT-PCR to investigate the relationship between LPA receptors and lipid transport related proteins. We found that LPA promoted foam cell formation, using 200 μM for 24 h. Meanwhile, the expression of the Scavenger receptor BI (SRBI), which promotes the efflux of free cholesterol, was decreased. Furthermore, the LPA1/3 receptor antagonist Ki16425 significantly abolished the LPA effects, indicating that LPA1/3 was involved in the foam cell formation and SRBI expression induced by LPA. Additionally, the LPA-induced foam cell formation was blocked with an AKT inhibitor. Our results suggest that LPA-enhanced foam cell formation is mediated by LPA1/3 -AKT activation and subsequent SRBI expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linmu Chen
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Xiao Deng
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Xi Yang
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China; College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, PR China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Chao Yu
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
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