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Grisetti L, Garcia CJC, Saponaro AA, Tiribelli C, Pascut D. The role of Aurora kinase A in hepatocellular carcinoma: Unveiling the intriguing functions of a key but still underexplored factor in liver cancer. Cell Prolif 2024:e13641. [PMID: 38590119 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Aurora Kinase A (AURKA) plays a central role as a serine/threonine kinase in regulating cell cycle progression and mitotic functions. Over the years, extensive research has revealed the multifaceted roles of AURKA in cancer development and progression. AURKA's dysregulation is frequently observed in various human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Its overexpression in HCC has been associated with aggressive phenotypes and poor clinical outcomes. This review comprehensively explores the molecular mechanisms underlying AURKA expression in HCC and its functional implications in cell migration, invasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, stemness, and drug resistance. This work focuses on the clinical significance of AURKA as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for HCC. High levels of AURKA expression have been correlated with shorter overall and disease-free survival in various cohorts, highlighting its potential utility as a sensitive prognostic indicator. Recent insights into AURKA's role in modulating the tumour microenvironment, particularly immune cell recruitment, may provide valuable information for personalized treatment strategies. AURKA's critical involvement in modulating cellular pathways and its overexpression in cancer makes it an attractive target for anticancer therapies. This review discusses the evidence about novel and selective AURKA inhibitors for more effective treatments for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Grisetti
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato - ONLUS, Liver Cancer Unit, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Clarissa J C Garcia
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato - ONLUS, Liver Cancer Unit, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Anna A Saponaro
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato - ONLUS, Liver Cancer Unit, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato - ONLUS, Liver Cancer Unit, Trieste, Italy
| | - Devis Pascut
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato - ONLUS, Liver Cancer Unit, Trieste, Italy
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Li X, Tai Y, Liu S, Gao Y, Zhang K, Yin J, Zhang H, Wang X, Li X, Zhang D, Zhang DF. The targets of aspirin in bladder cancer: bioinformatics analysis. BMC Urol 2022; 22:168. [PMID: 36316768 PMCID: PMC9620658 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-022-01119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The anti-carcinogenic properties of aspirin have been observed in some solid tumors. However, the molecular mechanism of therapeutic effects of aspirin on bladder cancer is still indistinct. We introduced a bioinformatics analysis approach, to explore the targets of aspirin in bladder cancer (BC). Methods To find out the potential targets of aspirin in BC, we analyzed direct protein targets (DPTs) of aspirin in Drug Bank 5.0. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and signaling pathway of aspirin DPTs were then analyzed subsequently. A detailed analysis of the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway has shown that aspirin is linked to BC. We identified overexpressed genes in BC comparing with normal samples by Oncomine and genes that interlinked with aspirin target genes in BC by STRING. Results Firstly, we explored 16 direct protein targets (DPT) of aspirin. We analyzed the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and signaling pathways of aspirin DPT. We found that aspirin is closely associated with a variety of cancers, including BC. Then, we classified mutations in 3 aspirin DPTs (CCND1, MYC and TP53) in BC using the cBio Portal database. In addition, we extracted the top 50 overexpressed genes in bladder cancer by Oncomine and predicted the genes associated with the 3 aspirin DPTs (CCND1, MYC and TP53) in BC by STRING. Finally, 5 exact genes were identified as potential therapeutic targets of aspirin in bladder cancer. Conclusion The analysis of relevant databases will improve our mechanistic understanding of the role of aspirin in bladder cancer. This will guide the direction of our next drug-disease interaction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Lin Fen Central Hospital, 041000 Lin Fen, China
| | - Yanghao Tai
- grid.263452.40000 0004 1798 4018Shanxi Medical University, 030000 Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Lin Fen Central Hospital, 041000 Lin Fen, China
| | - Yating Gao
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Lin Fen Central Hospital, 041000 Lin Fen, China
| | - Kaining Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Lin Fen Central Hospital, 041000 Lin Fen, China
| | - Jierong Yin
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Lin Fen Central Hospital, 041000 Lin Fen, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Lin Fen Central Hospital, 041000 Lin Fen, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Lin Fen Central Hospital, 041000 Lin Fen, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Lin Fen Central Hospital, 041000 Lin Fen, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Lin Fen Central Hospital, 041000 Lin Fen, China
| | - Dong-feng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Lin Fen Central Hospital, 041000 Lin Fen, China
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Biomarkers of Bladder Cancer: Cell-Free DNA, Epigenetic Modifications and Non-Coding RNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113206. [PMID: 36361996 PMCID: PMC9653602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most frequent cancer in the world. The initial diagnosis and surveillance of BC require a combination of invasive and non-invasive methods, which are costly and suffer from several limitations. Cystoscopy with urine cytology and histological examination presents the standard diagnostic approach. Various biomarkers (e.g., proteins, genes, and RNAs) have been extensively studied in relation to BC. However, the new trend of liquid biopsy slowly proves to be almost equally effective. Cell-free DNA, non-coding RNA, and other subcellular structures are now being tested for the best predictive and diagnostic value. In this review, we focused on published gene mutations, especially in DNA fragments, but also epigenetic modifications, and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules acquired by liquid biopsy. We performed an online search in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using the terms “bladder cancer”, in combination with “markers” or “biomarkers” published until August 2022. If applicable, we set the sensitivity and specificity threshold to 80%. In the era of precision medicine, the development of complex laboratory techniques fuels the search and development of more sensitive and specific biomarkers for diagnosis, follow-up, and screening of BC. Future efforts will be focused on the validation of their sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, and their utility in everyday clinical practice.
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Liu X, Fu M, Jia C, Wang X, Song Y, Peng C. Identification of biomarkers and key pathways in synovial sarcoma cells exposed to anlotinib by integrating bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:6906-6923. [PMID: 36398254 PMCID: PMC9641485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify potential biomarkers, key pathways and modules following the exposure of synovial sarcoma (SS) cells to anlotinib. METHODS In the current study, we integrated multiple bioinformatics methods to identify the hub genes and key pathways associated with the effects of anlotinib treatment in SS cells. In addition, we used reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to validate the expression levels of the identified hub genes in SS cells treated with anlotinib. RESULTS In total, 183 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 47 were upregulated and 136 were downregulated. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses showed that the DEGs were predominantly involved in cell division and cell cycle progression. A total of two modules were identified from the protein-protein interaction network using the MCODE plugin in Cytoscape, where module 1 was the most significant. By combining the results of CytoHubba analysis based on the module 1 and The Cancer Genome Atlas database, six real hub genes, cyclin (CCN) A2, kinesin family member 2C, cell division cycle 20, CCNB2, aurora kinase B and CCNB1, were identified. Subsequent GO and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that these six real hub genes were significantly associated with the cell cycle and mitosis. Finally, RT-qPCR verified that the mRNA expression levels of these six real hub genes were significantly decreased in SS cells treated with anlotinib compared with those in the control group. Altogether, our study identified biomarkers and key pathways associated with the effects of anlotinib treatment in SS cells, which may provide novel insights into the underlying mechanism of anlotinib treatment in SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Mengqi Fu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Changji Jia
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Changliang Peng
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250033, Shandong, China
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Malinaric R, Mantica G, Lo Monaco L, Mariano F, Leonardi R, Simonato A, Van der Merwe A, Terrone C. The Role of Novel Bladder Cancer Diagnostic and Surveillance Biomarkers-What Should a Urologist Really Know? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159648. [PMID: 35955004 PMCID: PMC9368399 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to analyze and describe the current landscape of bladder cancer diagnostic and surveillance biomarkers. We researched the literature from 2016 to November 2021 to find the most promising new molecules and divided them into seven different subgroups based on their function and location in the cell. Although cystoscopy and cytology are still the gold standard for diagnosis and surveillance when it comes to bladder cancer (BCa), their cost is quite a burden for national health systems worldwide. Currently, the research is focused on finding a biomarker that has high negative predictive value (NPV) and can exclude with a certainty the presence of the tumor, considering missing it could be disastrous for the patient. Every subgroup has its own advantages and disadvantages; for example, protein biomarkers cost less than genomic ones, but on the other hand, they seem to be less precise. We tried to simplify this complicated topic as much as possible in order to make it comprehensible to doctors and urologists that are not as familiar with it, as well as encourage them to actively participate in ongoing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Malinaric
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Policlinic Hospital San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Guglielmo Mantica
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Policlinic Hospital San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lo Monaco
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Policlinic Hospital San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Mariano
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Policlinic Hospital San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Rosario Leonardi
- Department of Urology, Casa di Cura Musumeci GECAS, 95030 Gravina di Catania, Italy
| | - Alchiede Simonato
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - André Van der Merwe
- Department of Urology, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7600, South Africa
| | - Carlo Terrone
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Policlinic Hospital San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Overexpression of NNMT in Glioma Aggravates Tumor Cell Progression: An Emerging Therapeutic Target. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143538. [PMID: 35884600 PMCID: PMC9316405 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioma is one of the most common intracranial malignancies and is incurable due to strong aggressiveness and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The lack of effective therapeutic targets is a major problem in current treatment. In the present study, we found that nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is a key factor influencing the occurrence and development of glioma. High NNMT expression in glioma is a predictor of short overall survival and poor patient outcome. NNMT knockdown reduced the volume of mice xenograft glioma and the viability of glioma cells. Additionally, overexpression of NNMT epigenetically silenced GAP43 through DNA methylation, histone methylation, and deacetylation modification processes. GAP43 can inhibit the formation of microtubules in tumor and intertumor cell network connections and induce apoptosis through the SIRT1 signaling pathway. Therefore, NNMT could be a potential candidate for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of glioma. Abstract Purpose: Increasing evidence has revealed that nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is a key factor influencing the prognosis of tumors. The present study aimed to investigate the role of NNMT in glioma and to elucidate the associated functional mechanisms. Methods: Clinical samples were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting to evaluate NNMT expression in glioma and normal brain tissues. The correlation between NNMT expression and glioma was analyzed using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Additionally, NNMT was knocked down in two types of glioma cells, U87 and U251, to evaluate the invasive ability of these cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate NNMT knockdown in the cells. Furthermore, ELISA was used to determine the balance between nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen (NAD/NADH ratio), which verified the altered methylation patterns in the cells. The glioma xenograft mouse models were used to verify the regulatory role of NNMT, GAP43, and SIRT1. Results: Analysis based on our clinical glioma samples and TCGA database revealed that overexpression of NNMT was associated with poor prognosis of patients. Knockdown of NNMT reduced the invasive ability of glioma cells, and downregulation of its downstream protein GAP43 occurred due to altered cellular methylation caused by NNMT overexpression. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis confirmed that NNMT modulated the NAD-related signaling pathway and showed a negative association between NNMT and SIRT1. Moreover, the regulatory roles of NNMT, GAP43, and SIRT1 were confirmed in glioma xenograft mouse models. Conclusion: Overexpression of NNMT causes abnormal DNA methylation through regulation of the NAD/NADH ratio, which in turn leads to the downregulation of GAP43 and SIRT1, eventually altering the biological behavior of tumor cells.
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Burgess E, Livasy C, Trufan S, Zhu J, O'connor H, Hartman A, Clark P, Grigg C, Raghavan D. Clinical outcomes associated with expression of aurora kinase and p53 family members in muscle‑invasive bladder cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2022; 16:102. [PMID: 35463214 PMCID: PMC9022081 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2022.2535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are needed in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). We previously reported that high tumor aurora kinase (AURK) A expression identifies patients with MIBC with poor prognosis. Aberrant p53 expression has also been associated with poor outcomes in MIBC, though to the best of our knowledge, co-expression rates of p53 and aurora kinases have not been previously described in MIBC. As aurora kinase and p53 family members may co-regulate each other, the present study investigated whether tumor p53 or p63 protein expression influenced the prognostic value of AURKA in a pilot study of 50 patients with MIBC treated with curative intent. Immunohistochemistry for AURKA, AURKB, p53 and p63 were performed on archival pre-treatment tumor specimens and correlated with clinical outcomes in patients with MIBC who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) prior to cystectomy. Baseline p53 [hazard ratio (HR) 1.46; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.55-3.9; P=0.448) and p63 (HR 2.02; 95% CI=0.51-8.1; P=0.313) protein expression did not predict for overall survival (OS). Low p53 protein expression did not correlate with high AURKA (φ=0.190) or AURKB (φ=0.075) expression. However, in tumors with low p53 expression (n=17), the presence of either high AURKA or AURKB expression levels predicted an increased risk for relapse (HR 27.1; 95% CI=2.7-270.1; P=0.005) and mortality (HR 14.9; 95% CI=2.3-95.6; P=0.004) compared to tumors with both low AURKA and AURKB levels. The relationship between p63 and AURKA/B expression levels was not tested due to the prevalence (80%) of high p63 expression in the present cohort. In tumors with low AURKA expression, p53 status did not predict for OS (HR 0.62; 95% CI 0.2-3.2; P=0.572). In multivariable analysis, only high baseline AURKA expression predicted for inferior OS (HR 4.9; 95% CI 1.7-14.1; P=0.003). To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to report co-expression of p53 and aurora kinase family members in MIBC, and although wild-type p53 may regulate the aurora kinases in preclinical models, the adverse prognostic value of tumor AURKA overexpression was independent from baseline tumor p53 protein expression in the present cohort. AURKA remains an important prognostic biomarker in patients with MIBC and warrants further evaluation in prospective studies to validate whether baseline AURKA can identify patients that are unlikely to benefit from standard of care with NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Earle Burgess
- Department of Solid Tumor Oncology, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA
| | - Chad Livasy
- Carolinas Pathology Group, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
| | - Sally Trufan
- Department of Cancer Biostatistics, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA
| | - Jason Zhu
- Department of Solid Tumor Oncology, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA
| | - Hazel O'connor
- Department of Solid Tumor Oncology, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA
| | | | - Peter Clark
- Department of Urology, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA
| | - Claud Grigg
- Department of Solid Tumor Oncology, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA
| | - Derek Raghavan
- Department of Solid Tumor Oncology, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA
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Kahl I, Mense J, Finke C, Boller AL, Lorber C, Győrffy B, Greve B, Götte M, Espinoza-Sánchez NA. The cell cycle-related genes RHAMM, AURKA, TPX2, PLK1, and PLK4 are associated with the poor prognosis of breast cancer patients. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:581-600. [PMID: 35014077 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the third most common type of cancer diagnosed. Cell cycle is a complex but highly organized and controlled process, in which normal cells sense mitogenic growth signals that instruct them to enter and progress through their cell cycle. This process culminates in cell division generating two daughter cells with identical amounts of genetic material. Uncontrolled proliferation is one of the hallmarks of cancer. In this study, we analyzed the expression of the cell cycle-related genes receptor for hyaluronan (HA)-mediated motility (RHAMM), AURKA, TPX2, PLK1, and PLK4 and correlated them with the prognosis in a collective of 3952 breast cancer patients. A high messenger RNA expression of all studied genes correlated with a poor prognosis. Stratifying the patients according to the expression of hormonal receptors, we found that in patients with estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive and human epithelial growth factor receptor 2-negative tumors, and Luminal A and Luminal B tumors, the expression of the five analyzed genes correlates with worse survival. qPCR analysis of a panel of breast cancer cell lines representative of major molecular subtypes indicated a predominant expression in the luminal subtype. In vitro experiments showed that radiation influences the expression of the five analyzed genes both in luminal and triple-negative model cell lines. Functional analysis of MDA-MB-231 cells showed that small interfering RNA knockdown of PLK4 and TPX2 and pharmacological inhibition of PLK1 had an impact on the cell cycle and colony formation. Looking for a potential upstream regulation by microRNAs, we observed a differential expression of RHAMM, AURKA, TPX2, PLK1, and PLK4 after transfecting the MDA-MB-231 cells with three different microRNAs. Survival analysis of miR-34c-5p, miR-375, and miR-142-3p showed a different impact on the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Our study suggests that RHAMM, AURKA, TPX2, PLK1, and PLK4 can be used as potential targets for treatment or as a prognostic value in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Kahl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Julian Mense
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Christopher Finke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Boller
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Clara Lorber
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Burkhard Greve
- Department of Radiotherapy-Radiooncology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Nancy A Espinoza-Sánchez
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy-Radiooncology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
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Zhen H, Du P, Yi Q, Tang X, Wang T. LINC00958 promotes bladder cancer carcinogenesis by targeting miR-490-3p and AURKA. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1145. [PMID: 34702201 PMCID: PMC8549181 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer is a prevalent malignancy of the urinary system, in which long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are highly associated. We aimed to elucidate the role of LINC00958 in bladder cancer. Methods LINC00958 expression levels were measured using qRT-PCR. The interaction of LINC00958-miR-490-3p-AURKA was analyzed by luciferase, RIP, and RNA pull-down assays. The biological roles of LINC00958, miR-490-3p, and AURKA in bladder cancer cells were analyzed using CCK8, BrdU, and transwell assays. Results Increased expression of LINC00958 and AURKA was observed in bladder cancer tissues and cell lines. Decreased LINC00958 expression repressed bladder cancer progression and downregulation of miR-490-3p accelerated bladder cancer cell progression. Moreover, LINC00958 sponges miR-490-3p to upregulate AURKA expression, thereby promoting carcinogenesis in bladder cancer cells. Conclusions Our study revealed that LINC00958 facilitated cell proliferation and invasion, and suppressed cell apoptosis by sponging miR-490-3p and upregulating AURKA, thus inspiring a new treatment method for bladder cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08882-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Zhen
- Department of Urology Ward 1, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, No. 195 Tongbai Road, Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou, 450007, Henan, China.
| | - Peng Du
- Department of Urology, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Qiang Yi
- Department of Urology Ward 1, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, No. 195 Tongbai Road, Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou, 450007, Henan, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Department of Urology Ward 1, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, No. 195 Tongbai Road, Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou, 450007, Henan, China
| | - Tongqing Wang
- Department of Urology Ward 1, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, No. 195 Tongbai Road, Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou, 450007, Henan, China
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Weidle UH, Birzele F. Bladder Cancer-related microRNAs With In Vivo Efficacy in Preclinical Models. CANCER DIAGNOSIS & PROGNOSIS 2021; 1:245-263. [PMID: 35403137 PMCID: PMC8988954 DOI: 10.21873/cdp.10033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Progressive and metastatic bladder cancer remain difficult to treat. In this review, we critique seven up-regulated and 25 down-regulated microRNAs in order to identify new therapeutic entities and corresponding targets. These microRNAs were selected with respect to their efficacy in bladder cancer-related preclinical in vivo models. MicroRNAs and related targets interfering with chemoresistance, cell-cycle, signaling, apoptosis, autophagy, transcription factor modulation, epigenetic modification and metabolism are described. In addition, we highlight microRNAs targeting transmembrane receptors and secreted factors. We discuss druggability issues for the identified targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Birzele
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences,Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Miralaei N, Majd A, Ghaedi K, Peymani M, Safaei M. Integrated pan-cancer of AURKA expression and drug sensitivity analysis reveals increased expression of AURKA is responsible for drug resistance. Cancer Med 2021; 10:6428-6441. [PMID: 34337875 PMCID: PMC8446408 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The AURKA gene encodes a protein kinase involved in cell cycle regulation and plays an oncogenic role in many cancers. The main objective of this study is to analyze AURKA expression in 13 common cancers and its role in prognostic and drug resistance. Method Using the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) as well as CCLE and GDSC data, the level of AURKA gene expression and its role in prognosis and its association with drug resistance were evaluated, respectively. In addition, the expression level of AURKA was assessed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and gastric cancer (GC) samples. Besides, using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data, drugs that could affect the expression level of this gene were also identified. Results The results indicated that the expression level of AURKA gene in 13 common cancers increased significantly compared to normal samples or it survived poorly (HR >1, p < 0.01) in lung, prostate, kidney, bladder, and uterine cancers. Also, the gene expression data showed increased expression in CRC and GC samples compared to normal ones. The level of AURKA was significantly associated with the resistance to SB 505124, NU‐7441, and irinotecan drugs (p < 0.01). Eventually, GEO data showed that JQ1, actinomycin D1, and camptothecin could reduce the expression of AURKA gene in different cancer cell lines (logFC < 1, p < 0.01). Conclusion Increased expression of AURKA is observed in prevalent cancers and associated with poor prognostic and the development of drug resistance. In addition, some chemotherapy drugs can reduce the expression of this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Miralaei
- Department of Biology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Majd
- Department of Biology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Safaei
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Wen Z, Liang W, Zhong Y, Sun F, Zhang Q. [Expression of nicotinamide-N-methyltransferase in gastric cancer and its biological and clinicopathological significance]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:828-838. [PMID: 34238734 PMCID: PMC8267982 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.06.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of nicotinamide-N-methyltransferase (NNMT) in gastric cancer (GC) and explore its biological and clinicopathological significance. OBJECTIVE We screened the candidate genes associated with the classification and prognosis of gastric cancer by analyzing GEO, Oncomine and TCGA datasets. The molecular pathways and protein interaction network involving these candidate genes were analyzed using STRING, GSEA, David and Cytoscape software. The expressions of the candidate genes in 28 pairs of gastric cancer and adjacent tissues were detected with qRTPCR, and CCK-8 assay, clone formation assay, wound healing assay and Transwell assay were carried out to analyze the effects of modulation of NNMT expression on proliferation, invasion and migration of different gastric cancer cell lines. OBJECTIVE NNMT was highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues and was negatively correlated with the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. Pathway analysis showed that the high expression of NNMT was associated with adhesion-related pathway molecules such as extracellular matrix receptors, cell adhesion molecules, and cytokine receptors, while its low expression was associated with base mismatch repair and riboflavin metabolism. Protein interaction analysis showed that NNMT interacted with 16 differentially expressed proteins such as AURKA and was co-expressed with TAGLN, PTRF, AKAP12 and IGF2BP2. In clinical tissue specimens, qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of NNMT mRNA was significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues than in the adjacent tissues (P < 0.05). In gastric cancer cell lines, overexpression of NNMT was found to significantly promote cell proliferation, invasion and migration, while NNMT knockdown produced obvious inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, invasion and migration. OBJECTIVE NNMT is highly expressed in gastric cancer and negatively correlated with the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. The high expression of NNMT promotes the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells, suggesting the potential of NNMT as prognostic marker of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - W Liang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Y Zhong
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - F Sun
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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13
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Meng Z, Wu J, Liu X, Zhou W, Ni M, Liu S, Guo S, Jia S, Zhang J. Identification of potential hub genes associated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma via integrated bioinformatics analysis. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520910019. [PMID: 32722976 PMCID: PMC7391448 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520910019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective was to identify potential hub genes associated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Gene expression profile datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HCC and normal samples were identified via an integrated analysis. A protein–protein interaction network was constructed and analyzed using the STRING database and Cytoscape software, and enrichment analyses were carried out through DAVID. Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis and Kaplan–Meier plotter were used to determine expression and prognostic values of hub genes. Results We identified 11 hub genes (CDK1, CCNB2, CDC20, CCNB1, TOP2A, CCNA2, MELK, PBK, TPX2, KIF20A, and AURKA) that might be closely related to the pathogenesis and prognosis of HCC. Enrichment analyses indicated that the DEGs were significantly enriched in metabolism-associated pathways, and hub genes and module 1 were highly associated with cell cycle pathway. Conclusions In this study, we identified key genes of HCC, which indicated directions for further research into diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers that could facilitate targeted molecular therapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Meng
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinkui Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mengwei Ni
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyu Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Guo
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Charpentier M, Gutierrez C, Guillaudeux T, Verhoest G, Pedeux R. Noninvasive Urine-Based Tests to Diagnose or Detect Recurrence of Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071650. [PMID: 33916038 PMCID: PMC8036846 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsies are increasingly used for the diagnosis and follow-up of cancer patients. Urine is a body fluid that can be used to detect cancers and others diseases. It is noninvasive and easy to collect. To detect Bladder Cancer (BC), cytology is the first assay used. It is an effective way to detect high grade BC but has a high rate of equivocal results, especially for low grade BC. Furthermore, cystoscopy is used to confirm cytology results and to determine cancer status. Cystoscopy is also effective but highly invasive, and not well accepted by patients, especially for BC follow-up. In this review we survey the numerous assays recently developed in order to diagnose BC at an early stage, and to facilitate the follow-up of patients. We discuss their effectiveness, ease of use, and applications. Finally, we discuss assays that, in the future, could improve the diagnosis and management of BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Charpentier
- COSS (Chemistry Oncogenesis Stress Signaling)—UMR_S 1242, University of Rennes, INSERM, CLCC Eugène Marquis, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.C.); (C.G.); (T.G.)
| | - Charly Gutierrez
- COSS (Chemistry Oncogenesis Stress Signaling)—UMR_S 1242, University of Rennes, INSERM, CLCC Eugène Marquis, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.C.); (C.G.); (T.G.)
| | - Thierry Guillaudeux
- COSS (Chemistry Oncogenesis Stress Signaling)—UMR_S 1242, University of Rennes, INSERM, CLCC Eugène Marquis, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.C.); (C.G.); (T.G.)
| | - Grégory Verhoest
- Department of Urology, CHU RENNES, Rue Henri le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France;
| | - Rémy Pedeux
- COSS (Chemistry Oncogenesis Stress Signaling)—UMR_S 1242, University of Rennes, INSERM, CLCC Eugène Marquis, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.C.); (C.G.); (T.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-223-234-702
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15
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Li J, Yue H, Yu H, Lu X, Xue X. Patients with low nicotinamide N-methyltransferase expression benefit significantly from bevacizumab treatment in ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:67. [PMID: 33446144 PMCID: PMC7809740 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07785-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) in ovarian cancer is still elusive. Our aim is to explore the expression of NNMT in ovarian cancer and to assess its association with patient prognosis and treatment response. METHODS We first analyzed the differential expression of NNMT among fallopian tube epithelium, primary ovarian cancers, metastatic ovarian cancers, and recurrent ovarian cancers using Gene Expression Ominus (GEO) database (GSE10971, GSE30587, GSE44104 and TCGA datasets). Then, we assessed the association of NNMT expression with clinical and molecular parameters using CSIOVDB database and GSE28739 dataset. Next, we evaluate the association of NNMT expression with the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients in both GSE9891 dataset and TCGA dataset. Finally, GSE140082 dataset was used to explore the association of NNMT expression with bevacizumab response. RESULTS NNMT expression was significantly elevated in lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI)-positive ovarian cancers compared with that in LVSI-negative ovarian cancers (TCGA dataset, P < 0.05), Moreover, increased expression of NNMT was associated with increased tumor stage, grade, and mesenchymal molecular subtype (CSIOVDB database). Survival analysis indicated that increased expression of NNMT was associated with a reduced OS in both GSE9891 dataset (HR: 2.28, 95%CI: 1.51-3.43, Log-rank P < 0.001) and TCGA dataset (HR: 1.55, 95%CI: 1.02-2.36, Log-rank P = 0.039). Multivariate analysis further confirmed the negative impact of NNMT expression on OS in ovarian cancer patients in those two datasets. Furthermore, the NNMT-related nomogram showed that NNMT shared a larger contribution to OS, compared with debulking status. More interestingly, bevacizumab conferred significant improvements in OS for patients with low NNMT expression (HR: 0.56, 95%CI: 0.31-0.99, Log-rank P = 0.049). In contrast, patients with high NNMT expression didn't benefit from bevacizumab treatment significantly (HR: 0.85, 95%CI: 0.48-1.49, Log-rank P = 0.561). NNMT expression was positively correlated with the expression of genes, LDHA and PGAM1, involved in Warburg effect. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, NNMT expression is associated with the aggressive behavior of ovarian cancer, correlates with a poor prognosis, and is predictive of sensitivity to bevacizumab treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, No.419, Fangxie Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Huiran Yue
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, No.419, Fangxie Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Hailin Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, No.419, Fangxie Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, No.419, Fangxie Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiaohong Xue
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, No.419, Fangxie Road, Shanghai, 200011, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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16
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Peng X, Wang J, Li D, Chen X, Liu K, Zhang C, Lai Y. Identification of grade-related genes and construction of a robust genomic-clinicopathologic nomogram for predicting recurrence of bladder cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23179. [PMID: 33217824 PMCID: PMC7676566 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (BC) is a common tumor in the urinary system with a high recurrence rate. The individualized treatment and follow-up after surgery is the key to a successful outcome. Currently, the surveillance strategies are mainly depending on tumor stage and grade. Previous evidence has proved that tumor grade was a significant and independent risk factor of BC recurrence. Exploring the grade-related genes may provide us a new approach to predict prognosis and guide the post-operative treatment in BC patients. METHODS In this study, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis was applied to identify the hub gene module correlated with BC grade using GSE71576. After constructing a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network with the hub genes inside the hub gene module, we identified some potential core genes. TCGA and another independent dataset were used for further validation. RESULTS The results revealed that the expression of AURKA, CCNA2, CCNB1, KIF11, TTK, BUB1B, BUB1, and CDK1 were significantly higher in high-grade BC, showing a strong ability to distinguish BC grade. The expression levels of the 8 genes in normal, paracancerous, tumorous, and recurrent bladder tissues were progressively increased. By conducting survival analysis, we proved their prognostic value in predicting the recurrence of BC. Eventually, we constructed a prognostic nomogram by combining the 8-core-gene panel with clinicopathologic features, which had shown great performance in predicting the recurrence of BC. CONCLUSION We identified 8 core genes that revealed a significant correlation with the tumor grade as well as the recurrence of BC. Finally, we proved the value of a novel prognostic nomogram for predicting the relapse-free survival of BC patients after surgery, which could guide their treatment and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqi Peng
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong
| | - Jingyao Wang
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen
| | - Dongna Li
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong
| | - Xuan Chen
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong
| | - Kaihao Liu
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chunduo Zhang
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen
| | - Yongqing Lai
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen
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17
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Essegian D, Khurana R, Stathias V, Schürer SC. The Clinical Kinase Index: A Method to Prioritize Understudied Kinases as Drug Targets for the Treatment of Cancer. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2020; 1:100128. [PMID: 33205077 PMCID: PMC7659504 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The approval of the first kinase inhibitor, Gleevec, ushered in a paradigm shift for oncological treatment-the use of genomic data for targeted, efficacious therapies. Since then, over 48 additional small-molecule kinase inhibitors have been approved, solidifying the case for kinases as a highly druggable and attractive target class. Despite the role deregulated kinase activity plays in cancer, only 8% of the kinome has been effectively "drugged." Moreover, 24% of the 634 human kinases are understudied. We have developed a comprehensive scoring system that utilizes differential gene expression, pathological parameters, overall survival, and mutational hotspot analysis to rank and prioritize clinically relevant kinases across 17 solid tumor cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We have developed the clinical kinase index (CKI) app (http://cki.ccs.miami.edu) to facilitate interactive analysis of all kinases in each cancer. Collectively, we report that understudied kinases have potential clinical value as biomarkers or drug targets that warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Essegian
- Department of Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Rimpi Khurana
- Department of Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Vasileios Stathias
- Department of Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Stephan C Schürer
- Department of Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, USA.,Institute for Data Science & Computing, University of Miami, Miami, USA
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18
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Long Q, An X, Chen M, Wang N, Sui S, Li Y, Zhang C, Lee K, Wang X, Tian T, Pan Y, Qiu H, Xie F, Deng W, Zheng F, He L. PUF60/AURKA Axis Contributes to Tumor Progression and Malignant Phenotypes in Bladder Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:568015. [PMID: 33117697 PMCID: PMC7576680 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.568015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal expression or mutation of RNA splicing proteins are widely observed in human cancers. Here, we identified poly(U) binding splicing factor 60 (PUF60) as one of the most differentially expressed genes out of 97 RNA splicing proteins between normal and bladder cancer tissues by bioinformatics analysis of TCGA bladder cancer expression data. The expression of PUF60 was significantly higher in tumor tissues, while high PUF60 expression was associated with malignant phenotypes of bladder cancer and shorter survival time. Moreover, we identified aurora kinase A (AURKA) as a new downstream target of PUF60 in bladder cancer cells. PUF60 knockdown significantly inhibited cell viability and colony formation capacity in bladder cancer cells, whereas AURKA overexpression reversed this inhibition effect. Overexpression of PUF60 significantly promoted cell viability and colony formation in bladder cancer cells, while treatment with AURKA specific inhibitor reversed this promotive effect. Mechanistically, PUF60 specifically bound to the AURKA promoter, thereby activating its transcription and expression. Furthermore, we showed that there was a significant positive correlation between PUF60 and AURKA expression in bladder cancer tissues, and PUF60 and AURKA expression contributed to tumor progression and malignant phenotypes in the patients with bladder cancer. Collectively, these results indicate that the PUF60/AURKA axis plays a key role in regulating tumorigenesis and progression of bladder cancer, and may be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for bladder cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Long
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin An
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Life Science, Jiaying University, Meizhou, China
| | - Silei Sui
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yixin Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changlin Zhang
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaping Lee
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangxun Pan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Qiu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,College of Life Science, Jiaying University, Meizhou, China.,Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangyun Xie
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuguo Deng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fufu Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liru He
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Berglund A, Amankwah EK, Kim YC, Spiess PE, Sexton WJ, Manley B, Park HY, Wang L, Chahoud J, Chakrabarti R, Yeo CD, Luu HN, Pietro GD, Parker A, Park JY. Influence of gene expression on survival of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2020; 9:8662-8675. [PMID: 32986937 PMCID: PMC7666730 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 10%‐20% of patients with clinically localized clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) at time of surgery will subsequently experience metastatic progression. Although considerable progression was seen in the systemic treatment of metastatic ccRCC in last 20 years, once ccRCC spreads beyond the confines of the kidney, 5‐year survival is less than 10%. Therefore, significant clinical advances are urgently needed to improve overall survival and patient care to manage the growing number of patients with localized ccRCC. We comprehensively evaluated expression of 388 candidate genes related with survival of ccRCC by using TCGA RNAseq (n = 515), Total Cancer Care (TCC) expression array data (n = 298), and a well characterized Moffitt RCC cohort (n = 248). We initially evaluated all 388 genes for association with overall survival using TCGA and TCC data. Eighty‐one genes were selected for further analysis and tested on Moffitt RCC cohort using NanoString expression analysis. Expression of nine genes (AURKA, AURKB, BIRC5, CCNE1, MK167, MMP9, PLOD2, SAA1, and TOP2A) was validated as being associated with poor survival. Survival prognostic models showed that expression of the nine genes and clinical factors predicted the survival in ccRCC patients with AUC value: 0.776, 0.821 and 0.873 for TCGA, TCC and Moffitt data set, respectively. Some of these genes have not been previously implicated in ccRCC survival and thus potentially offer insight into novel therapeutic targets. Future studies are warranted to validate these identified genes, determine their biological mechanisms and evaluate their therapeutic potential in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Berglund
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ernest K Amankwah
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, Saint Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Young-Chul Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Philippe E Spiess
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Wade J Sexton
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Brandon Manley
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hyun Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jad Chahoud
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ratna Chakrabarti
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Chang D Yeo
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hung N Luu
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Giuliano D Pietro
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Brazil
| | - Alexander Parker
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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20
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Xu J, Yang R, Hua X, Huang M, Tian Z, Li J, Lam HY, Jiang G, Cohen M, Huang C. lncRNA SNHG1 Promotes Basal Bladder Cancer Invasion via Interaction with PP2A Catalytic Subunit and Induction of Autophagy. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 21:354-366. [PMID: 32650234 PMCID: PMC7340968 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although basal muscle-invasive bladder cancers (MIBCs) are predominant, are more aggressive, and have bad prognoses, molecular mechanisms underlying how basal MIBC formation/progression have been barely explored. In the present study, SNHG1, a long non-coding RNA, was shown to be expressed at higher levels in basal MIBC cells than in other types of bladder BC cells, and its presence could promote basal MIBC cell invasion. The results revealed that SNHG1 specifically induced MMP2 expression via increasing its transcription and mRNA stability. In one mechanism, SNHG1 directly bound with PP2A catalytic subunit (PP2A-c) to inhibit interactions of PP2A-c with c-Jun and then promoted c-Jun phosphorylation that, in turn, mediated MMP2 transcription. In another mechanism, SNHG1 markedly induced autophagy in the cells via induction of increases in the abundance of autophagy-related proteins. The latter initiated autophagy and further abolished miR-34a stability, which reduced overall miR-34a binding directly to the 3' UTR of MMP2 mRNA, thereby promoting MMP2 mRNA stabilization. These results provided novel insight into understanding the specific functions of SNHG1 in basal MIBC. Such findings may ultimately prove highly significant for the design/synthesis of new SNHG1-based compounds for the treatment of basal MIBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiheng Xu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Xiaohui Hua
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Maowen Huang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Zhongxian Tian
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Jingxia Li
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Hoi Yun Lam
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Guosong Jiang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Mitchell Cohen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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21
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Lin X, Xiang X, Hao L, Wang T, Lai Y, Abudoureyimu M, Zhou H, Feng B, Chu X, Wang R. The role of Aurora-A in human cancers and future therapeutics. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2705-2729. [PMID: 33042612 PMCID: PMC7539775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aurora-A is a mitotic serine/threonine-protein kinase and an oncogene. In normal cells, Aurora-A appears from G2 phase and localizes at the centrosome, where it participates in centrosome replication, isolation and maturation. Aurora-A also maintains Golgi apparatus structure and spindle assembly. Aurora-A undergoes ubiquitination-mediated degradation after the cell division phase. Aurora-A is abnormally expressed in tumor cells and promotes cell proliferation by regulating mitotic substrates, such as PP1, PLK1, TPX2, and LAST2, and affects other molecules through a non-mitotic pathway to promote cell invasion and metastasis. Some molecules in tumor cells also indirectly act on Aurora-A to regulate tumor cells. Aurora-A also mediates resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and is involved in tumor immunotherapy. Clinical trials of Aurora-A molecular inhibitors are currently underway, and clinical transformation is just around the corner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiaosong Xiang
- Affiliated Jinling Hospital Research Institution of General Surgery, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Liping Hao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Yongting Lai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Mubalake Abudoureyimu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Bing Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
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22
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Puttamallesh VN, Deb B, Gondkar K, Jain A, Nair B, Pandey A, Chatterjee A, Gowda H, Kumar P. Quantitative Proteomics of Urinary Bladder Cancer Cell Lines Identify UAP1 as a Potential Therapeutic Target. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070763. [PMID: 32650368 PMCID: PMC7397020 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder carcinoma (BC) incidence and mortality rates are increasing worldwide. The development of novel therapeutic strategies is required to improve clinical management of this cancer. Aberrant protein expression may lead to cancer initiation and progression. Therefore, the identification of these potential protein targets and limiting their expression levels would provide alternative treatment options. In this study, we utilized a liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry-based global proteomics approach to identify differentially expressed proteins in bladder cancer cell lines. A total of 3913 proteins were identified in this study, of which 479 proteins were overexpressed and 141 proteins were downregulated in 4 out of 6 BC cell lines when compared with normal human urothelial cell line (TERT-NHUC). We evaluated the role of UDP-N-acetylhexosamine pyrophosphorylase (UAP1) in bladder cancer pathogenesis. The silencing of UAP1 led to reduction in proliferation, invasion, colony formation and migration capability of bladder cancer cell lines. Thus, our study reveals UAP1 as a promising therapeutic target for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinuth N. Puttamallesh
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India; (V.N.P.); (B.D.); (K.G.); (A.J.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (H.G.)
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam 690525, India;
| | - Barnali Deb
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India; (V.N.P.); (B.D.); (K.G.); (A.J.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (H.G.)
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Kirti Gondkar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India; (V.N.P.); (B.D.); (K.G.); (A.J.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (H.G.)
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam 690525, India;
| | - Ankit Jain
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India; (V.N.P.); (B.D.); (K.G.); (A.J.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (H.G.)
| | - Bipin Nair
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam 690525, India;
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India; (V.N.P.); (B.D.); (K.G.); (A.J.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (H.G.)
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576104, India
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India; (V.N.P.); (B.D.); (K.G.); (A.J.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (H.G.)
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam 690525, India;
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India; (V.N.P.); (B.D.); (K.G.); (A.J.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (H.G.)
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam 690525, India;
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India; (V.N.P.); (B.D.); (K.G.); (A.J.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (H.G.)
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam 690525, India;
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576104, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-80-28416140; Fax: +91-80-28416132
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23
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Shen ZT, Chen Y, Huang GC, Zhu XX, Wang R, Chen LB. Aurora-a confers radioresistance in human hepatocellular carcinoma by activating NF-κB signaling pathway. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1075. [PMID: 31703572 PMCID: PMC6842208 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy failure is a significant clinical challenge due to the development of resistance in the course of treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to further study the radiation resistance mechanism of HCC. In our early study, we have showed that the expression of Aurora-A mRNA was upregulated in HCC tissue samples or cells, and Aurora-A promoted the malignant phenotype of HCC cells. However, the effect of Aurora-A on the development of HCC radioresistance is not well known. METHODS In this study, colony formation assay, MTT assays, flow cytometry assays, RT-PCR assays, Western blot, and tumor xenografts experiments were used to identify Aurora-A promotes the radioresistance of HCC cells by decreasing IR-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, MTT assays, flow cytometry assays, and Western blot assay were performed to show the interactions of Aurora-A and NF-κB. RESULTS We established radioresistance HCC cell lines (HepG2-R) and found that Aurora-A was significantly upregulated in those radioresistant HCC cells in comparison with their parental HCC cells. Knockdown of Aurora-A increased radiosensitivity of radioresistant HCC cells both in vivo and in vitro by enhancing irradiation-induced apoptosis, while upregulation of Aurora-A decreased radiosensitivity by reducing irradiation-induced apoptosis of parental cells. In addition, we have showed that Aurora-A could promote the expression of nuclear IkappaB-alpha (IκBα) protein while enhancing the activity of NF-kappaB (κB), thereby promoted expression of NF-κB pathway downstream effectors, including proteins (Mcl-1, Bcl-2, PARP, and caspase-3), all of which are associated with apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Aurora-A reduces radiotherapy-induced apoptosis by activating NF-κB signaling, thereby contributing to HCC radioresistance. Our results provided the first evidence that Aurora-A was essential for radioresistance in HCC and targeting this molecular would be a potential strategy for radiosensitization in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Tian Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical School University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gui-Chun Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi-Xu Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical School University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Long-Bang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical School University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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24
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Burgess EF, Livasy C, Trufan S, Hartman A, Guerreri R, Naso C, Clark PE, Grigg C, Symanowski J, Raghavan D. High aurora kinase expression identifies patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer who have poor survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Urol Oncol 2019; 37:900-906. [PMID: 31597600 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Overexpression of aurora kinase A (AURKA) confers a poor prognosis in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. The prognostic value of high aurora kinase B (AURKB) expression in local bladder cancer is not well defined, and whether the prognostic value of either AURKA or AURKB is affected by the use of chemotherapy is unknown. We sought to characterize the impact of high AURKA and AURKB expression on clinical outcome in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry for AURKA and AURKB was performed on pretreatment diagnostic transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) and matched cystectomy specimens in 50 subjects with MIBC who received NAC. Receiver operator characteristic curves (ROC) were calculated to assess the impact of AURKA and AURKB expression on pathologic response rate. Kaplan-Meier techniques and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association with relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Twenty-two of 50 [44%] patients had residual muscle-invasive (ypT2-4) urothelial carcinoma after NAC. Neither baseline tumor expression of AURKA (ROC = 0.57, P = 0.46) nor AURKB (ROC = 0.56, P = 0.87) predicted for ypT2-4 status. However, baseline expression of AURKA above the 75th percentile for this cohort was associated with an inferior RFS, (HR = 3.88, P = 0.008) and OS, (HR = 6.10, P < 0.001). Similar trends for worse survival outcomes were also observed for high AURKB levels (RFS, [HR = 2.2, P = 0.13] and OS, (HR = 2.25, P = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS High baseline tumor AURKA and AURKB expression identified MIBC patients with inferior RFS and OS despite the use of NAC and may identify patients who should be prioritized for clinical trial enrollment rather than standard cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chad Livasy
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Sally Trufan
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Aaron Hartman
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | | | - Caroline Naso
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Peter E Clark
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Claud Grigg
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
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25
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Discovery and Validation of Novel Biomarkers for Detection of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070713. [PMID: 31336942 PMCID: PMC6678810 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) poses a critical medical challenge. However, novel biomarkers for diagnosis remain to be discovered. Therefore, innovative approaches are of the utmost importance for patient outcome. Here, we present a concept for blood-based biomarker discovery, investigating both epithelial and specifically stromal compartments, which have been neglected in search for novel candidates. We queried gene expression profiles of EOC including microdissected epithelium and adjacent stroma from benign and malignant tumours. Genes significantly differentially expressed within either the epithelial or the stromal compartments were retrieved. The expression of genes whose products are secreted yet absent in the blood of healthy donors were validated in tissue and blood from patients with pelvic mass by NanoString analysis. Results were confirmed by the comprehensive gene expression database, CSIOVDB (Ovarian cancer database of Cancer Science Institute Singapore). The top 25% of candidate genes were explored for their biomarker potential, and twelve were able to discriminate between benign and malignant tumours on transcript levels (p < 0.05). Among them T-cell differentiation protein myelin and lymphocyte (MAL), aurora kinase A (AURKA), stroma-derived candidates versican (VCAN), and syndecan-3 (SDC), which performed significantly better than the recently reported biomarker fibroblast growth factor 18 (FGF18) to discern malignant from benign conditions. Furthermore, elevated MAL and AURKA expression levels correlated significantly with a poor prognosis. We identified promising novel candidates and found the stroma of EOC to be a suitable compartment for biomarker discovery.
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26
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Al-Hazmi N, Alhazzazi T, Williams G, Stoeber K, Al-Dabbagh R. DNA replication licensing factor MCM2, geminin, and Ki67 define proliferative state and are linked with survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Eur J Oral Sci 2019; 126:186-196. [PMID: 29745471 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is still an unabated global killer with little advancement in its survival rate. DNA replication licensing proteins and Aurora kinase A are biomarkers that play important roles in genomic stability. The expression profile of minichromosomal maintenance protein 2 (MCM2), Ki67, geminin, and Aurora-A were linked to clinicopathological and outcome parameters, survival, and DNA content in 125 cases of OSCC. Oral fibroepithelial polyps (OFEP) were controls. The OSCC tumour cells were in a rapidly proliferating state, as assessed by the increased expression profile of MCM2, Ki67, geminin, and Aurora-A and of the geminin/Ki67 ratio, and the decrease of the MCM2/Ki67 ratio, in OSCC compared with OFEP (P < 0.000). There was an association between expression of MCM2, Ki67, and geminin and tumour histologic and invasive front grade (P < 0.05). A total of 82% of the OSCC assessed had aneuploid DNA content, which was associated with increased expression intensity of Aurora-A (P = 0.01). Geminin and the geminin/Ki67 ratio were associated with TNM staging (P < 0.05), and weak expression of MCM2, Ki67, geminin, and Aurora-A were predictive of OSCC survival (P < 0.05). Dysregulation of the origin licensing pathway and the mitotic pathway are important events in OSCC, and the combined analysis of these proteins may contribute to improved treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Al-Hazmi
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Alhazzazi
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gareth Williams
- Oncologica, London, UK.,Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kai Stoeber
- Department of Pathology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Raghad Al-Dabbagh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Huang CH, Chen CJ, Chen PN, Wang SS, Chou YE, Hung SC, Yang SF. Impacts of AURKA Genetic Polymorphism on Urothelial Cell Carcinoma Development. J Cancer 2019; 10:1370-1374. [PMID: 31031846 PMCID: PMC6485228 DOI: 10.7150/jca.30014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the urinary system and the second-most common type of renal cell carcinoma. Aurora kinase A (AURKA), a serine/threonine kinase, has a critical role in centrosome duplication, spindle assembly checkpoint, and cytokinesis. Here, we determined the correlation between UCC susceptibility and AURKA polymorphisms. We used real-time polymerase chain reaction to compare the genotype distributions and allelic frequencies of four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of AURKA, namely rs1047972, rs2273535, rs2064863, and rs6024836, between 431 UCC cases and 862 healthy controls. Logistic regression models demonstrated that the G allele of rs2064863, a genetic polymorphism of AURKA, exhibited a significant protective effect against UCC among the 862 nonsmokers. Moreover, patients with rs2064863 G allele exhibited a slightly lower risk of lymph node metastasis and those with rs6024836 G allele exhibited a lower risk of distant metastases. Our study suggested that several variants of AURKA SNPs rs2064863 and rs6024836 may serve as critical predictors for the clinical status of UCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Lin Shin Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Chen
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Shiang Wang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Erh Chou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chun Hung
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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28
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Gao X, Chen Y, Chen M, Wang S, Wen X, Zhang S. Identification of key candidate genes and biological pathways in bladder cancer. PeerJ 2018; 6:e6036. [PMID: 30533316 PMCID: PMC6284430 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer is a malignant tumor in the urinary system with high mortality and recurrence rates. However, the causes and recurrence mechanism of bladder cancer are not fully understood. In this study, we used integrated bioinformatics to screen for key genes associated with the development of bladder cancer and reveal their potential molecular mechanisms. Methods The GSE7476, GSE13507, GSE37815 and GSE65635 expression profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and these datasets contain 304 tissue samples, including 81 normal bladder tissue samples and 223 bladder cancer samples. The RobustRankAggreg (RRA) method was utilized to integrate and analyze the four datasets to obtain integrated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and the gene ontology (GO) functional annotation and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and module analyses were performed using Cytoscape software. The OncoLnc online tool was utilized to analyze the relationship between the expression of hub genes and the prognosis of bladder cancer. Results In total, 343 DEGs, including 111 upregulated and 232 downregulated genes, were identified from the four datasets. GO analysis showed that the upregulated genes were mainly involved in mitotic nuclear division, the spindle and protein binding. The downregulated genes were mainly involved in cell adhesion, extracellular exosomes and calcium ion binding. The top five enriched pathways obtained in the KEGG pathway analysis were focal adhesion (FA), PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, proteoglycans in cancer, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction and vascular smooth muscle contraction. The top 10 hub genes identified from the PPI network were vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), TOP2A, CCNB1, Cell division cycle 20 (CDC20), aurora kinase B, ACTA2, Aurora kinase A, UBE2C, CEP55 and CCNB2. Survival analysis revealed that the expression levels of ACTA2, CCNB1, CDC20 and VEGFA were related to the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer. In addition, a KEGG pathway analysis of the top 2 modules identified from the PPI network revealed that Module 1 mainly involved the cell cycle and oocyte meiosis, while the analysis in Module 2 mainly involved the complement and coagulation cascades, vascular smooth muscle contraction and FA. Conclusions This study identified key genes and pathways in bladder cancer, which will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of bladder cancer. These key genes might be potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for the treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- Central Laboratory, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Yinyi Chen
- Central Laboratory, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Mei Chen
- Central Laboratory, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Shunlan Wang
- Central Laboratory, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaohong Wen
- Central Laboratory, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
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29
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Nemmara VV, Tilvawala R, Salinger AJ, Miller L, Nguyen SH, Weerapana E, Thompson PR. Citrullination Inactivates Nicotinamide- N-methyltransferase. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:2663-2672. [PMID: 30044909 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide- N-methyltransferase (NNMT) catalyzes the irreversible methylation of nicotinamide (NAM) to form N-methyl nicotinamide using S-adenosyl methionine as a methyl donor. NNMT is implicated in several chronic disease conditions, including cancers, kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and Parkinson's disease. Although phosphorylation of NNMT in gastric tumors is reported, the functional effects of this post-translational modification has not been investigated. We previously reported that citrullination of NNMT by Protein Arginine Deiminases abolished its methyltransferase activity. Herein, we investigate the mechanism of inactivation. Using tandem mass spectrometry, we identified three sites of citrullination in NNMT. With this information in hand, we used a combination of site-directed mutagenesis, kinetics, and circular dichoism experiments to demonstrate that citrullination of R132 leads to a structural perturbation that ultimately promotes NNMT inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh V. Nemmara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Ronak Tilvawala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Ari J. Salinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Lacey Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Son Hong Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Eranthie Weerapana
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Paul R. Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, UMass Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
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Du E, Lu C, Sheng F, Li C, Li H, Ding N, Chen Y, Zhang T, Yang K, Xu Y. Analysis of potential genes associated with primary cilia in bladder cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:3047-3056. [PMID: 30214299 PMCID: PMC6124455 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s175419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysfunction of primary cilia (PC), which could influence cell cycle and modulate cilia-related signaling transduction, has been reported in several cancers. However, there is no evidence of their function in bladder cancer (BLCA). This study was performed to investigate the presence of PC in BLCA and to explore the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the PC in BLCA. Patients and methods The presence of PC was assessed in BLCA and adjacent non-cancerous tissues. The gene expression dataset GSE52519 was employed to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with PC. The mRNA expression of the DEGs were confirmed by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis. The DEGs properties and pathways were analyzed by Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. Genomatix software was used to predict putative transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) in the promoter region of DEGs, and the transcription factors were achieved according to the shared TFBS, which were supported by the ChIP-Sequence data. Results PC were found to be reduced in BLCA tissue samples in this study. Seven DEGs were observed to be associated with PC, and gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis indicated that these DEGs exhibited the properties and functions of PC, and that the Hedgehog signaling pathway probably participated in the pathogenesis and progression of BLCA. The mRNA expression of the seven DEGs in 404 BLCA and 28 normal tissue samples were analyzed, and five DEGs including CENPF, STIL, AURKA, STK39 and OSR1 were identified. Five TFBS including CREB, E2FF, EBOX, ETSF and HOXF in the promoter region of five DEGs were calculated and the transcription factors were obtained according to the shared TFBS. Conclusion PC were found to be reduced in BLCA, and the potential molecular mechanisms of PC in BLCA helped to provide novel diagnosis and therapeutic targets for BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Du
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Chao Lu
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Fei Sheng
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Changying Li
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Hong Li
- The Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Medical school, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Na Ding
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Yue Chen
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Ting Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Kuo Yang
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Yong Xu
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, People's Republic of China, ;
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Activation of S6 signaling is associated with cell survival and multinucleation in hyperplastic skin after epidermal loss of AURORA-A Kinase. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:548-564. [PMID: 30050055 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of mitosis in the progression of precancerous skin remains poorly understood. To address this question, we deleted the mitotic Kinase Aurora-A (Aur-A) in hyperplastic mutant p53 mouse skin as an experimental tool to study the G2/M transition in precancerous keratinocytes and AUR-A's role in this process. Epidermal Aur-A deletion (Aur-AepiΔ) led to marked keratinocyte enlargement, pleomorphism, multinucleation, and attenuated induction of cell death. This phenotype was characteristic of slippage after a stalled mitosis. We also observed altered or impaired epidermal differentiation, indicative of a partial skin barrier defect. The upregulation of mTOR/PI3K signaling was implicated as a mechanism by which keratinocytes may evade cell death after AUR-A deficiency. This was evidenced by the ectopic expression of the pathway readout, p-S6, in the basal layer of Aur-AepiΔ skin and its mitotic upregulation in isolated keratinocytes. We further tested whether our findings were extended to skin carcinoma cells. The chemical inhibition of AUR-A led to a similar mitotic delay, polyploidy/multinucleation, and attenuated cell death in skin cancer cell lines. Moreover, inhibition of mTOR/PI3K signaling ameliorated the effects caused by the deficiency of AUR-A activity but was also associated with the persistence of mitotic p-S6 detection in surviving cancer cells. These results show the induction of multinucleation/polyploidy may be a compensatory state in keratinocytes that allows for cellular survival and maintenance of partial barrier function in face of aberrant cell division or differentiation. Moreover, mTOR/PI3K signaling is active in the mitosis of hyperplastic keratinocytes expressing mutant p53 and is further enhanced by stalled mitosis, indicating a potential resistance mechanism to the use of anti-mitotic drugs in the treatment of skin cancers.
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Rinaldetti S, Rempel E, Worst TS, Eckstein M, Steidler A, Weiss CA, Bolenz C, Hartmann A, Erben P. Subclassification, survival prediction and drug target analyses of chemotherapy-naïve muscle-invasive bladder cancer with a molecular screening. Oncotarget 2018; 9:25935-25945. [PMID: 29899832 PMCID: PMC5995241 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcriptome expression studies identified distinct muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) subtypes closely related with breast cancer subclasses. Here we developed a sensitive quantification method for MIBC subclassification (luminal, basal, p53-like). In addition, the subtype specific expression of drug targets has been investigated. METHODS Absolute quantification (nCounter) of a 64-gene panel was performed on MIBC patients (n=47) treated exclusively with radical cystectomy (RC). In conjunction of 170 MIBCs from 3 independent cohorts, a minimal set of consensus genes has been established. Survival of the consensus subtypes has been assessed by multivariate analysis. Relevant drug targets were tested for their subtype specificity in a clustering independent assessment. RESULTS A reduced 36-gene panel stably clustered into 3 subtypes throughout the cohorts (luminal, basal, infiltrated). Patients treated by RC only, showed worst 8-year disease specific survival (DSS) for the luminal subtype in contrast to the infiltrated subtype (17% vs. 73%, p=0.011). In multivariate analyses, the risk stratification based on luminal versus not-luminal MIBC proved to be an independent predictor for DSS superior to the TNM system in patients with RC. Drug targets (e.g. ERBB2, FGFR, AR, PDGFRB) showed a distinct subtype attribution. The subtypes based on this nCounter screening could further be validated by the TCGA cohort. CONCLUSION This MIBC subtype screening predicted survival and allowed an analysis of subtype specific drug targets, thus being a powerful tool for the translation of personalized MIBC treatment concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Rinaldetti
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Eugen Rempel
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Signalling and Functional Genomics, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre of Organismal Studies, University Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Stefan Worst
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre of Organismal Studies, University Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Institute of Pathology, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annette Steidler
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cleo Aaron Weiss
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Erben
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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Reversine induces autophagic cell death through the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway in urothelial carcinoma cells. Anticancer Drugs 2018; 29:29-39. [PMID: 28984683 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies of the urinary tract. Effective treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma remains a clinical challenge with poor outcomes in these patients. Previous reports have shown that the expression of aurora kinase is associated with clinical stage and prognosis; hence, aurora kinases are potential targets in urothelial carcinoma therapy. Reversine, an aurora kinase inhibitor, was analyzed for its cytotoxicity in this study. Cell proliferation, flow cytometry, western blotting, and immunofluorescent assay were used to determine the effect of reversine on urothelial carcinoma cells. The results showed that reversine significantly inhibits the growth of urothelial carcinoma cell lines. Reversine induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, leading to autophagic cell death by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. Reversine induced significant cell death in urothelial carcinoma cells. Our results suggest that reversine may be a suitably small molecule for treating urothelial carcinoma in the future.
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Cancer molecular markers: A guide to cancer detection and management. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 52:39-55. [PMID: 29428478 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is generally caused by the molecular alterations which lead to specific mutations. Advances in molecular biology have provided an impetus to the study of cancers with valuable prognostic and predictive significance. Over the hindsight various attempts have been undertaken by scientists worldwide, in the management of cancer; where, we have witnessed a number of molecular markers which allow the early detection of cancers and lead to a decrease in its mortality rate. Recent advances in oncology have led to the discovery of cancer markers that has allowed early detection and targeted therapy of tumors. In this context, current review provides a detail outlook on various molecular markers for diagnosis, prognosis and management of therapeutic response in cancer patients.
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Detection of Bladder Cancer in Urine Sediments by a Novel Multicolor Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (Quartet) Test. Eur Urol Focus 2018; 5:664-675. [PMID: 29428551 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is among the common human malignancies that show a heavy mutational load and copy number variations of numerous chromosomes, which makes them a target for diagnostic explorations. OBJECTIVE We aimed to design a multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) test referred to as the quartet test for the detection of bladder cancer in urine. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We performed genome-wide copy number variation analysis on cohorts from the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (n=40) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (n=129), and identified the most frequently amplified chromosomal regions. These data were used to select four of the amplified regions to design a multicolor FISH test, referred to as the quartet test. Assay validation was performed on urine samples from 98 patients with bladder cancer: 56 with low-grade papillary, 42 with high-grade invasive disease, and 48 benign controls. INTERVENTION The quartet test can be used in clinical practice for noninvasive detection of bladder cancer. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS We initially analyzed samples using a fraction of abnormal cell scores and then by the quantitative score, which included not only the proportion of cells with abnormal copy numbers, but also the proportion of cells with numbers of altered copies and degree of amplification. We used receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves to identify cutoff values for the scores at which performances of sensitivity and specificity were maximized. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS The copy number status assessed by probes detected in voided urine reflected the amplification status of the primary tumor. An ROC curve summarizing the proportion of assayed cells with any abnormal copy numbers gave specificity of 93.8% and sensitivity of 78.6% using the proportion of cells with abnormal copy numbers. The quantitative score giving extra weight to cells with multiple simultaneous amplifications provided 95.8% specificity and 76.8% sensitivity. Both percentage of abnormal cells and quantitative scores were highly effective for assessing the grade of the tumor. The full spectrum of potential clinical applications was not explored in the current study, and further validation studies are needed. CONCLUSIONS The quartet test shows promising specificity and sensitivity results, but it requires validation on a larger multi-institutional cohort of samples. PATIENT SUMMARY The quartet test can be used for noninvasive detection of bladder cancer in voided urine. It can also be used to assess the grade of the tumor and tumor recurrence as well as post-treatment effects.
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