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Kawamoto N, Nakanishi S, Shimakawa G. Light Wavelength as a Contributory Factor of Environmental Fitness in the Cyanobacterial Circadian Clock. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:798-808. [PMID: 38441328 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
A circadian clock is an essential system that drives the 24-h expression rhythms for adaptation to day-night cycles. The molecular mechanism of the circadian clock has been extensively studied in cyanobacteria harboring the KaiC-based timing system. Nevertheless, our understanding of the physiological significance of the cyanobacterial circadian clock is still limited. In this study, we cultured wild-type Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 and circadian clock mutants in day-night cycles at different light qualities and found that the growth of the circadian clock mutants was specifically impaired during 12-h blue light/12-h dark (BD) cycles for the first time. The arrhythmic mutant kaiCAA was further analyzed by photosynthetic measurements. Compared with the wild type, the mutant exhibited decreases in the chlorophyll content, the ratio of photosystem I to II, net O2 evolution rate and efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry during BD cycles. These results indicate that the circadian clock is necessary for the growth and the maintenance of the optimum function of the photosynthetic apparatus in cyanobacteria under blue photoperiodic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Kawamoto
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- RNA Systems Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shuji Nakanishi
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ginga Shimakawa
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Department of Bioscience, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei-Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
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Shimakawa G, Matsuda Y. Extra O 2 evolution reveals an O 2-independent alternative electron sink in photosynthesis of marine diatoms. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2024; 159:61-68. [PMID: 38316719 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Following the principle of oxygenic photosynthesis, electron transport in the thylakoid membranes (i.e., light reaction) generates ATP and NADPH from light energy, which is subsequently utilized for CO2 fixation in the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle (i.e., dark reaction). However, light and dark reactions could discord when an alternative electron flow occurs with a rate comparable to the linear electron flow. Here, we quantitatively monitored O2 and total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) during photosynthesis in the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and found that evolved O2 was larger than the consumption of DIC, which was consistent with 14CO2 measurements in literature. In our measurements, the stoichiometry of O2 evolution to DIC consumption was always around 1.5 during photosynthesis at different DIC concentrations. The same stoichiometry was observed in the cells grown under different CO2 concentrations and nitrogen sources except for the nitrogen-starved cells showing O2 evolution 2.5 times larger than DIC consumption. An inhibitor to nitrogen assimilation did not affect the extra O2 evolution. Further, the same physiological phenomenon was observed in the centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. Based on the present dataset, we propose that the marine diatoms possess the metabolic pathway(s) functioning as the O2-independent electron sink under steady state photosynthesis that reaches nearly half of electron flux of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginga Shimakawa
- Department of Bioscience, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Matsuda
- Department of Bioscience, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan
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Gain G, Berne N, Feller T, Godaux D, Cenci U, Cardol P. Induction of photosynthesis under anoxic condition in Thalassiosira pseudonana and Euglena gracilis: interactions between fermentation and photosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1186926. [PMID: 37560033 PMCID: PMC10407231 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1186926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In their natural environment, microalgae can be transiently exposed to hypoxic or anoxic environments. Whereas fermentative pathways and their interactions with photosynthesis are relatively well characterized in the green alga model Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, little information is available in other groups of photosynthetic micro-eukaryotes. In C. reinhardtii cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem (PS) I, and light-dependent oxygen-sensitive hydrogenase activity both contribute to restoring photosynthetic linear electron flow (LEF) in anoxic conditions. METHODS Here we analyzed photosynthetic electron transfer after incubation in dark anoxic conditions (up to 24 h) in two secondary microalgae: the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana and the excavate Euglena gracilis. RESULTS Both species showed sustained abilities to prevent over-reduction of photosynthetic electron carriers and to restore LEF. A high and transient CEF around PSI was also observed specifically in anoxic conditions at light onset in both species. In contrast, at variance with C. reinhardtii, no sustained hydrogenase activity was detected in anoxic conditions in both species. DISCUSSION Altogether our results suggest that another fermentative pathway might contribute, along with CEF around PSI, to restore photosynthetic activity in anoxic conditions in E. gracilis and T. pseudonana. We discuss the possible implication of the dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) in T. pseudonana and the wax ester fermentation in E. gracilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaëlle Gain
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMS, Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Berne
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMS, Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Tom Feller
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMS, Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Damien Godaux
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMS, Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ugo Cenci
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR8576 – UGSF, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Cardol
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMS, Laboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des Microalgues, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
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Cassier-Chauvat C, Marceau F, Farci S, Ouchane S, Chauvat F. The Glutathione System: A Journey from Cyanobacteria to Higher Eukaryotes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1199. [PMID: 37371929 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
From bacteria to plants and humans, the glutathione system plays a pleiotropic role in cell defense against metabolic, oxidative and metal stresses. Glutathione (GSH), the γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine nucleophile tri-peptide, is the central player of this system that acts in redox homeostasis, detoxification and iron metabolism in most living organisms. GSH directly scavenges diverse reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as singlet oxygen, superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide and carbon radicals. It also serves as a cofactor for various enzymes, such as glutaredoxins (Grxs), glutathione peroxidases (Gpxs), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), which play crucial roles in cell detoxication. This review summarizes what is known concerning the GSH-system (GSH, GSH-derived metabolites and GSH-dependent enzymes) in selected model organisms (Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Arabidopsis thaliana and human), emphasizing cyanobacteria for the following reasons. Cyanobacteria are environmentally crucial and biotechnologically important organisms that are regarded as having evolved photosynthesis and the GSH system to protect themselves against the ROS produced by their active photoautotrophic metabolism. Furthermore, cyanobacteria synthesize the GSH-derived metabolites, ergothioneine and phytochelatin, that play crucial roles in cell detoxication in humans and plants, respectively. Cyanobacteria also synthesize the thiol-less GSH homologs ophthalmate and norophthalmate that serve as biomarkers of various diseases in humans. Hence, cyanobacteria are well-suited to thoroughly analyze the role/specificity/redundancy of the players of the GSH-system using a genetic approach (deletion/overproduction) that is hardly feasible with other model organisms (E. coli and S. cerevisiae do not synthesize ergothioneine, while plants and humans acquire it from their soil and their diet, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Cassier-Chauvat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Fanny Marceau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sandrine Farci
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Soufian Ouchane
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Franck Chauvat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Nakayasu M, Amano M, Tanaka T, Shimakawa G, Matsuda Y. Different Responses of Photosynthesis to Nitrogen Starvation Between Highly Oil-Accumulative Diatoms, Fistulifera solaris and Mayamaea sp. JPCC CTDA0820. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 25:272-280. [PMID: 36856914 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-023-10203-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Highly oil-accumulative diatoms are expected to be a promising biomass for the production of biofuel. To harvest the diatom oils at high yields, it is critical to elucidate the relationship of oil accumulation with photosynthesis under fluctuating environmental conditions. Here, we characterized the physiological responses of the growth and photosynthesis in the mesophilic diatom Fistulifera solaris and the cold-tolerant one Mayamaea sp. JPCC CTDA0820 to nitrogen starvation, one of the most notable abiotic stresses, where most eukaryotic algae decrease their photosynthetic activity and accumulate oil in the cells. While F. solaris started showing growth retardation at NaNO3 levels less than 50% of a normal F/2 artificial seawater (ASW) medium, Mayamaea sp. sustained normal growth even at a NaNO3 level 10% of normal F/2ASW, indicating the sharp contrast of nitrogen requirement between these two diatom species. In the transition from 100 to 0% nitrogen conditions in the modified F/2ASW, F. solaris showed a clear suppression of chlorophyll (Chl)-based photosynthetic O2 evolution rate and relative electron transport rate at photosystem II, which were negatively correlated to the capacity of non-photochemical quenching. Meanwhile, there was no change in these Chl-based parameters observed in nitrogen-starved Mayamaea sp. Instead, Mayamaea sp. showed a significant decrease in the Chl a amount per cells. These data suggested the occurrence of two types of photosynthetic responses to nitrogen starvation in oleaginous diatoms; that is, (1) suppression of photosynthetic activity per Chl with enhancing heat dissipation of excess light energy and (2) synchronous suppression of cellular photosynthetic activity with Chl amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Nakayasu
- Department of Bioscience, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Momoka Amano
- Department of Bioscience, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tanaka
- Division of Biotechnology and Life Science, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Ginga Shimakawa
- Department of Bioscience, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Matsuda
- Department of Bioscience, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1330, Japan.
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Suganami M, Konno S, Maruhashi R, Takagi D, Tazoe Y, Wada S, Yamamoto H, Shikanai T, Ishida H, Suzuki Y, Makino A. Expression of flavodiiron protein rescues defects in electron transport around PSI resulting from overproduction of Rubisco activase in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2589-2600. [PMID: 35134146 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fragility of photosystem I has been observed in transgenic rice plants that overproduce Rubisco activase (RCA). In this study, we examined the effects of RCA overproduction on the sensitivity of PSI to photoinhibition in three lines of plants overexpressing RCA (RCA-ox). In all the RCA-ox plants the quantum yield of PSI [Y(I)] decreased whilst in contrast the quantum yield of acceptor-side limitation of PSI [Y(NA)] increased, especially under low light conditions. In the transgenic line with the highest RCA content (RCA-ox 1), the quantum yield of PSII [Y(II)] and CO2 assimilation also decreased under low light. When leaves were exposed to high light (2000 μmol photon m-2 s-1) for 60 min, the maximal activity of PSI (Pm) drastically decreased in RCA-ox 1. These results suggested that overproduction of RCA disturbs PSI electron transport control, thus increasing the susceptibility of PSI to photoinhibition. When flavodiiron protein (FLV), which functions as a large electron sink downstream of PSI, was expressed in the RCA-ox 1 background (RCA-FLV), PSI and PSII parameters, and CO2 assimilation were recovered to wild-type levels. Thus, expression of FLV restored the robustness of PSI in RCA-ox plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Suganami
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - So Konno
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Ryo Maruhashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takagi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Youshi Tazoe
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Shinya Wada
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Shikanai
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishida
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Amane Makino
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
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Rontani JF. Use of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Techniques (GC-MS, GC-MS/MS and GC-QTOF) for the Characterization of Photooxidation and Autoxidation Products of Lipids of Autotrophic Organisms in Environmental Samples. Molecules 2022; 27:1629. [PMID: 35268730 PMCID: PMC8911584 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews applications of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques for the characterization of photooxidation and autoxidation products of lipids of senescent phototrophic organisms. Particular attention is given to: (i) the selection of oxidation products that are sufficiently stable under environmental conditions and specific to each lipid class and degradation route; (ii) the description of electron ionization mass fragmentation of trimethylsilyl derivatives of these compounds; and (iii) the use of specific fragment ions for monitoring the oxidation of the main unsaturated lipid components of phototrophs. The techniques best geared for this task were gas chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight to monitor fragment ions with very high resolution and accuracy, and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to monitor very selective transitions in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The extent of the degradation processes can only be estimated if the oxidation products are unaffected by fast secondary oxidation reactions, as it is notably the case of ∆5-sterols, monounsaturated fatty acids, chlorophyll phytyl side-chain, and di- and triterpenoids. In contrast, the primary degradation products of highly branched isoprenoid alkenes possessing more than one trisubstituted double bond, alkenones, carotenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, appear to be too unstable with respect to secondary oxidation or other reactions to serve for quantification in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Rontani
- Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Aix Marseille University, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
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Choi BY, Kim H, Shim D, Jang S, Yamaoka Y, Shin S, Yamano T, Kajikawa M, Jin E, Fukuzawa H, Lee Y. The Chlamydomonas bZIP transcription factor BLZ8 confers oxidative stress tolerance by inducing the carbon-concentrating mechanism. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:910-926. [PMID: 34893905 PMCID: PMC8824676 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms are exposed to various environmental sources of oxidative stress. Land plants have diverse mechanisms to withstand oxidative stress, but how microalgae do so remains unclear. Here, we characterized the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor BLZ8, which is highly induced by oxidative stress. Oxidative stress tolerance increased with increasing BLZ8 expression levels. BLZ8 regulated the expression of genes likely involved in the carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM): HIGH-LIGHT ACTIVATED 3 (HLA3), CARBONIC ANHYDRASE 7 (CAH7), and CARBONIC ANHYDRASE 8 (CAH8). BLZ8 expression increased the photosynthetic affinity for inorganic carbon under alkaline stress conditions, suggesting that BLZ8 induces the CCM. BLZ8 expression also increased the photosynthetic linear electron transfer rate, reducing the excitation pressure of the photosynthetic electron transport chain and in turn suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production under oxidative stress conditions. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, ethoxzolamide, abolished the enhanced tolerance to alkaline stress conferred by BLZ8 overexpression. BLZ8 directly regulated the expression of the three target genes and required bZIP2 as a dimerization partner in activating CAH8 and HLA3. Our results suggest that a CCM-mediated increase in the CO2 supply for photosynthesis is critical to minimize oxidative damage in microalgae, since slow gas diffusion in aqueous environments limits CO2 availability for photosynthesis, which can trigger ROS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Donghwan Shim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134 Korea
| | - Sunghoon Jang
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | | | - Seungjun Shin
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Takashi Yamano
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | | | - EonSeon Jin
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
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Ben-Sheleg A, Khozin-Godberg I, Yaakov B, Vonshak A. Characterization of Nannochloropsis oceanica Rose Bengal Mutants Sheds Light on Acclimation Mechanisms to High Light When Grown in Low Temperature. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1478-1493. [PMID: 34180533 PMCID: PMC8600018 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A barrier to realizing Nannochloropsis oceanica's potential for omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) production is the disparity between conditions that are optimal for growth and those that are optimal for EPA biomass content. A case in point is temperature: higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acid, and especially EPA, is observed in low-temperature (LT) environments, where growth rates are often inhibited. We hypothesized that mutant strains of N. oceanica resistant to the singlet-oxygen photosensitizer Rose Bengal (RB) would withstand the oxidative stress conditions that prevail in the combined stressful environment of high light (HL; 250 μmol photons m-2 s-1) and LT (18°C). This growth environment caused the wild-type (WT) strain to experience a spike in lipid peroxidation and an inability to proliferate, whereas growth and homeostatic reactive oxygen species levels were observed in the mutant strains. We suggest that the mutant strains' success in this environment can be attributed to their truncated photosystem II antennas and their increased ability to diffuse energy in those antennas as heat (non-photosynthetic quenching). As a result, the mutant strains produced upward of four times more EPA than the WT strain in this HL-LT environment. The major plastidial lipid monogalactosyldiacylglycerol was a likely target for oxidative damage, contributing to the photosynthetic inhibition of the WT strain. A mutation in the NO10G01010.1 gene, causing a subunit of the 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase E1 protein to become non-functional, was determined to be the likely source of tolerance in the RB113 mutant strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avraham Ben-Sheleg
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Inna Khozin-Godberg
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Beery Yaakov
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Avigad Vonshak
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
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Gain G, Vega de Luna F, Cordoba J, Perez E, Degand H, Morsomme P, Thiry M, Baurain D, Pierangelini M, Cardol P. Trophic state alters the mechanism whereby energetic coupling between photosynthesis and respiration occurs in Euglena gracilis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1603-1617. [PMID: 34392544 PMCID: PMC9292222 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The coupling between mitochondrial respiration and photosynthesis plays an important role in the energetic physiology of green plants and some secondary-red photosynthetic eukaryotes (diatoms), allowing an efficient CO2 assimilation and optimal growth. Using the flagellate Euglena gracilis, we first tested if photosynthesis-respiration coupling occurs in this species harbouring secondary green plastids (i.e. originated from an endosymbiosis between a green alga and a phagotrophic euglenozoan). Second, we tested how the trophic state (mixotrophy and photoautotrophy) of the cell alters the mechanisms involved in the photosynthesis-respiration coupling. Energetic coupling between photosynthesis and respiration was determined by testing the effect of respiratory inhibitors on photosynthesis, and measuring the simultaneous variation of photosynthesis and respiration rates as a function of temperature (i.e. thermal response curves). The mechanism involved in the photosynthesis-respiration coupling was assessed by combining proteomics, biophysical and cytological analyses. Our work shows that there is photosynthesis-respiration coupling and membrane contacts between mitochondria and chloroplasts in E. gracilis. However, whereas in mixotrophy adjustment of the chloroplast ATP/NADPH ratio drives the interaction, in photoautotrophy the coupling is conditioned by CO2 limitation and photorespiration. This indicates that maintenance of photosynthesis-respiration coupling, through plastic metabolic responses, is key to E. gracilis functioning under changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaëlle Gain
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMSLaboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des MicroalguesULiègeLiègeB‐4000Belgium
| | - Félix Vega de Luna
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMSLaboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des MicroalguesULiègeLiègeB‐4000Belgium
| | - Javier Cordoba
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMSLaboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des MicroalguesULiègeLiègeB‐4000Belgium
| | - Emilie Perez
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMSLaboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des MicroalguesULiègeLiègeB‐4000Belgium
| | - Hervé Degand
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST)UCLouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveB‐1348Belgium
| | - Pierre Morsomme
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST)UCLouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveB‐1348Belgium
| | - Marc Thiry
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et TissulaireGiga‐NeurosciencesULiègeLiègeB‐4000Belgium
| | - Denis Baurain
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMSEukaryotic PhylogenomicsULiègeLiègeB‐4000Belgium
| | - Mattia Pierangelini
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMSLaboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des MicroalguesULiègeLiègeB‐4000Belgium
| | - Pierre Cardol
- InBioS – PhytoSYSTEMSLaboratoire de Génétique et Physiologie des MicroalguesULiègeLiègeB‐4000Belgium
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Sagun JV, Badger MR, Chow WS, Ghannoum O. Mehler reaction plays a role in C 3 and C 4 photosynthesis under shade and low CO 2. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 149:171-185. [PMID: 33534052 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00819-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alternative electron fluxes such as the cyclic electron flux (CEF) around photosystem I (PSI) and Mehler reaction (Me) are essential for efficient photosynthesis because they generate additional ATP and protect both photosystems against photoinhibition. The capacity for Me can be estimated by measuring O2 exchange rate under varying irradiance and CO2 concentration. In this study, mass spectrometric measurements of O2 exchange were made using leaves of representative species of C3 and C4 grasses grown under natural light (control; PAR ~ 800 µmol quanta m-2 s-1) and shade (~ 300 µmol quanta m-2 s-1), and in representative species of gymnosperm, liverwort and fern grown under natural light. For all control grown plants measured at high CO2, O2 uptake rates were similar between the light and dark, and the ratio of Rubisco oxygenation to carboxylation (Vo/Vc) was low, which suggests little potential for Me, and that O2 uptake was mainly due to photorespiration or mitochondrial respiration under these conditions. Low CO2 stimulated O2 uptake in the light, Vo/Vc and Me in all species. The C3 species had similar Vo/Vc, but Me was highest in the grass and lowest in the fern. Among the C4 grasses, shade increased O2 uptake in the light, Vo/Vc and the assimilation quotient (AQ), particularly at low CO2, whilst Me was only substantial at low CO2 where it may contribute 20-50% of maximum electron flow under high light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Ver Sagun
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Murray R Badger
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Wah Soon Chow
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Oula Ghannoum
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
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12
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Tanvir RU, Zhang J, Canter T, Chen D, Lu J, Hu Z. Harnessing Solar Energy using Phototrophic Microorganisms: A Sustainable Pathway to Bioenergy, Biomaterials, and Environmental Solutions. RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS 2021; 146:1-111181. [PMID: 34526853 PMCID: PMC8437043 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phototrophic microorganisms (microbial phototrophs) use light as an energy source to carry out various metabolic processes producing biomaterials and bioenergy and supporting their own growth. Among them, microalgae and cyanobacteria have been utilized extensively for bioenergy, biomaterials, and environmental applications. Their superior photosynthetic efficiency, lipid content, and shorter cultivation time compared to terrestrial biomass make them more suitable for efficient production of bioenergy and biomaterials. Other phototrophic microorganisms, especially anoxygenic phototrophs, demonstrated the ability to survive and flourish while producing renewable energy and high-value products under harsh environmental conditions. This review presents a comprehensive overview of microbial phototrophs on their (i) production of bioenergy and biomaterials, (ii) emerging and innovative applications for environmental conservation, mitigation, and remediation, and (iii) physical, genetic, and metabolic pathways to improve light harvesting and biomass/biofuel/biomaterial production. Both physical (e.g., incremental irradiation) and genetic approaches (e.g., truncated antenna) are implemented to increase the light-harvesting efficiency. Increases in biomass yield and metabolic products are possible through the manipulation of metabolic pathways and selection of a proper strain under optimal cultivation conditions and downstream processing, including harvesting, extraction, and purification. Finally, the current barriers in harnessing solar energy using phototrophic microorganisms are presented, and future research perspectives are discussed, such as integrating phototrophic microorganisms with emerging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahamat Ullah Tanvir
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Jianying Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Timothy Canter
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Dick Chen
- Dual Enrollment Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Jingrang Lu
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Cincinnati, Ohio, 45268, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
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13
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Genetic, Genomics, and Responses to Stresses in Cyanobacteria: Biotechnological Implications. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040500. [PMID: 33805386 PMCID: PMC8066212 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are widely-diverse, environmentally crucial photosynthetic prokaryotes of great interests for basic and applied science. Work to date has focused mostly on the three non-nitrogen fixing unicellular species Synechocystis PCC 6803, Synechococcus PCC 7942, and Synechococcus PCC 7002, which have been selected for their genetic and physiological interests summarized in this review. Extensive "omics" data sets have been generated, and genome-scale models (GSM) have been developed for the rational engineering of these cyanobacteria for biotechnological purposes. We presently discuss what should be done to improve our understanding of the genotype-phenotype relationships of these models and generate robust and predictive models of their metabolism. Furthermore, we also emphasize that because Synechocystis PCC 6803, Synechococcus PCC 7942, and Synechococcus PCC 7002 represent only a limited part of the wide biodiversity of cyanobacteria, other species distantly related to these three models, should be studied. Finally, we highlight the need to strengthen the communication between academic researchers, who know well cyanobacteria and can engineer them for biotechnological purposes, but have a limited access to large photobioreactors, and industrial partners who attempt to use natural or engineered cyanobacteria to produce interesting chemicals at reasonable costs, but may lack knowledge on cyanobacterial physiology and metabolism.
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14
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Castell C, Bernal-Bayard P, Ortega JM, Roncel M, Hervás M, Navarro JA. The heterologous expression of a plastocyanin in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum improves cell growth under iron-deficient conditions. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:277-290. [PMID: 33247466 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated if the heterologous expression of a functional green alga plastocyanin in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum can improve photosynthetic activity and cell growth. Previous in vitro assays showed that a single-mutant of the plastocyanin from the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is effective in reducing P. tricornutum photosystem I. In this study, in vivo assays with P. tricornutum strains expressing this plastocyanin indicate that even the relatively low intracellular concentrations of holo-plastocyanin detected (≈4 μM) are enough to promote an increased growth (up to 60%) under iron-deficient conditions as compared with the WT strain, measured as higher cell densities, content in pigments and active photosystem I, global photosynthetic rates per cell, and even cell volume. In addition, the presence of plastocyanin as an additional photosynthetic electron carrier seems to decrease the over-reduction of the plastoquinone pool. Consequently, it promotes an improvement in the maximum quantum yield of both photosystem II and I, together with a decrease in the acceptor side photoinhibition of photosystem II-also associated to a reduced oxidative stress-a decrease in the peroxidation of membrane lipids in the choroplast, and a lower degree of limitation on the donor side of photosystem I. Thus the heterologous plastocyanin appears to act as a functional electron carrier, alternative to the native cytochrome c6 , under iron-limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Castell
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Pilar Bernal-Bayard
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - José M Ortega
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Mercedes Roncel
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel Hervás
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - José A Navarro
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla and CSIC, Seville, Spain
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15
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Jimbo H, Izuhara T, Hirashima T, Endo K, Nakamura Y, Wada H. Membrane lipid remodeling is required for photosystem II function under low CO 2. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:245-253. [PMID: 33119921 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Membrane lipid remodeling in plants and microalgae has a crucial role in their survival under nutrient-deficient conditions. Aquatic microalgae have low access to CO2 , an essential carbon source for photosynthetic assimilates; however, 70-90 mol% of their membrane lipids are sugar-derived lipids (glycolipids) such as monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG). In this study, we discovered a new system of membrane lipid remodeling responding to CO2 in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a unicellular, freshwater cyanobacterium. As compared with higher CO2 (HC; 1% CO2 ), under ambient air (lower CO2 : LC), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) content was increased at the expense of MGDG content. To explore the biological significance of this alteration in content, we generated a transformant of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 overexpressing sll0545 gene encoding a putative phosphatidic acid phosphate (oxPAP), which produces diacylglycerol that is used for the synthesis of glycolipids, and examined the effect on membrane lipid remodeling and phototrophic growth responding to LC. Photosystem II (PSII) activity and growth rate were inhibited under LC in oxPAP cells. PG content was substantially reduced, and MGDG and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol contents were increased in oxPAP cells as compared with control cells. These phenotypes in oxPAP cells were recovered under the HC condition or PG supplementation. Increased PG content may be required for proper functioning of PSII under LC conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Jimbo
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Taichi Izuhara
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirashima
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Kaichiro Endo
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hajime Wada
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
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Patil PP, Vass I, Kodru S, Szabó M. A multi-parametric screening platform for photosynthetic trait characterization of microalgae and cyanobacteria under inorganic carbon limitation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236188. [PMID: 32701995 PMCID: PMC7377499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae and cyanobacteria are considered as important model organisms to investigate the biology of photosynthesis; moreover, they are valuable sources of biomolecules for several biotechnological applications. Understanding the species-specific traits of photosynthetic electron transport is extremely important, because it contributes to the regulation of ATP/NADPH ratio, which has direct/indirect links to carbon fixation and other metabolic pathways and thus overall growth and biomass production. In the present work, a cuvette-based setup is developed, in which a combination of measurements of dissolved oxygen, pH, chlorophyll fluorescence and NADPH kinetics can be performed without disturbing the physiological status of the sample. The suitability of the system is demonstrated using a model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, as well as biofuel-candidate microalgae species, such as Chlorella sorokiniana, Dunaliella salina and Nannochloropsis limnetica undergoing inorganic carbon (Ci) limitation. Inorganic carbon limitation, induced by photosynthetic Ci uptake under continuous illumination, caused a decrease in the effective quantum yield of PSII (Y(II)) and loss of oxygen-evolving capacity in all species investigated here; these effects were largely recovered by the addition of NaHCO3. Detailed analysis of the dark-light and light-dark transitions of NADPH production/uptake and changes in chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics revealed species- and condition-specific responses. These responses indicate that the impact of decreased Calvin-Benson cycle activity on photosynthetic electron transport pathways involving several sections of the electron transport chain (such as electron transfer via the QA-QB-plastoquinone pool, the redox state of the plastoquinone pool) can be analyzed with high sensitivity in a comparative manner. Therefore, the integrated system presented here can be applied for screening for specific traits in several significant species at different stages of inorganic carbon limitation, a condition that strongly impacts primary productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Imre Vass
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sandeesha Kodru
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Biology PhD School, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Milán Szabó
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- * E-mail:
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17
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Ueno Y, Shimakawa G, Aikawa S, Miyake C, Akimoto S. Photoprotection mechanisms under different CO 2 regimes during photosynthesis in a green alga Chlorella variabilis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 144:397-407. [PMID: 32377933 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00757-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy via electron transport and assimilates CO2 in the Calvin-Benson cycle with the chemical energy. Thus, high light and low CO2 conditions induce the accumulation of electrons in the photosynthetic electron transport system, resulting in the formation of reactive oxygen species. To prevent the accumulation of electrons, oxygenic photosynthetic organisms have developed photoprotection mechanisms, including non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and alternative electron flow (AEF). There are diverse molecular mechanisms underlying NPQ and AEF, and the corresponding molecular actors have been identified and characterized using a model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In contrast, detailed information about the photoprotection mechanisms is lacking for other green algal species. In the current study, we examined the photoprotection mechanisms responsive to CO2 in the green alga Chlorella variabilis by combining the analyses of pulse-amplitude-modulated fluorescence, O2 evolution, and the steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectra. Under the CO2-limited condition, ΔpH-dependent NPQ occurred in photosystems I and II. Moreover, O2-dependent AEF was also induced. Under the CO2-limited condition with carbon supplementation, NPQ was relaxed and light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex II was isolated from both photosystems. In C. variabilis, the O2-dependent AEF and the mechanisms that instantly convert the light-harvesting functions of both photosystems may be important for maintaining efficient photosynthetic activities under various CO2 conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Ginga Shimakawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Shimpei Aikawa
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8686, Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
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18
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Molecular Mechanism of Oxidation of P700 and Suppression of ROS Production in Photosystem I in Response to Electron-Sink Limitations in C3 Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030230. [PMID: 32168828 PMCID: PMC7139980 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis fixes CO2 and converts it to sugar, using chemical-energy compounds of both NADPH and ATP, which are produced in the photosynthetic electron transport system. The photosynthetic electron transport system absorbs photon energy to drive electron flow from Photosystem II (PSII) to Photosystem I (PSI). That is, both PSII and PSI are full of electrons. O2 is easily reduced to a superoxide radical (O2-) at the reducing side, i.e., the acceptor side, of PSI, which is the main production site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in photosynthetic organisms. ROS-dependent inactivation of PSI in vivo has been reported, where the electrons are accumulated at the acceptor side of PSI by artificial treatments: exposure to low temperature and repetitive short-pulse (rSP) illumination treatment, and the accumulated electrons flow to O2, producing ROS. Recently, my group found that the redox state of the reaction center of chlorophyll P700 in PSI regulates the production of ROS: P700 oxidation suppresses the production of O2- and prevents PSI inactivation. This is why P700 in PSI is oxidized upon the exposure of photosynthesis organisms to higher light intensity and/or low CO2 conditions, where photosynthesis efficiency decreases. In this study, I introduce a new molecular mechanism for the oxidation of P700 in PSI and suppression of ROS production from the robust relationship between the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis. The accumulated protons in the lumenal space of the thylakoid membrane and the accumulated electrons in the plastoquinone (PQ) pool drive the rate-determining step of the P700 photo-oxidation reduction cycle in PSI from the photo-excited P700 oxidation to the reduction of the oxidized P700, thereby enhancing P700 oxidation.
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19
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Growth under Fluctuating Light Reveals Large Trait Variation in a Panel of Arabidopsis Accessions. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9030319. [PMID: 32138306 PMCID: PMC7154841 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of P700 in photosystem I (PSI) is a robust mechanism that suppresses the production of reactive oxygen species. We researched the contribution of photorespiration to the oxidation of P700 in wheat leaves. We analyzed the effects of changes in partial pressures of CO2 and O2 on photosynthetic parameters. The electron flux in photosynthetic linear electron flow (LEF) exhibited a positive linear relationship with an origin of zero against the dissipation rate (vH+) of electrochromic shift (ECS; ΔpH across thylakoid membrane), indicating that cyclic electron flow around PSI did not contribute to H+ usage in photosynthesis/photorespiration. The vH+ showed a positive linear relationship with an origin of zero against the H+ consumption rates in photosynthesis/photorespiration (JgH+). These two linear relationships show that the electron flow in LEF is very efficiently coupled with H+ usage in photosynthesis/photorespiration. Lowering the intercellular partial pressure of CO2 enhanced the oxidation of P700 with the suppression of LEF. Under photorespiratory conditions, the oxidation of P700 and the reduction of the plastoquinone pool were stimulated with a decrease in JgH+, compared to non-photorespiratory conditions. These results indicate that the reduction-induced suppression of electron flow (RISE) suppresses the reduction of oxidized P700 in PSI under photorespiratory conditions. Furthermore, under photorespiratory conditions, ECS was larger and H+ conductance was lower against JgH+ than those under non-photorespiratory conditions. These results indicate that photorespiration enhances RISE and ΔpH formation by lowering H+ conductance, both of which contribute to keeping P700 in a highly oxidized state.
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Raven JA, Beardall J, Quigg A. Light-Driven Oxygen Consumption in the Water-Water Cycles and Photorespiration, and Light Stimulated Mitochondrial Respiration. PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN ALGAE: BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-33397-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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21
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Li Y, Sun H, Wu T, Fu Y, He Y, Mao X, Chen F. Storage carbon metabolism of Isochrysis zhangjiangensis under different light intensities and its application for co-production of fucoxanthin and stearidonic acid. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 282:94-102. [PMID: 30852337 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the co-production of fucoxanthin and stearidonic acid from Isochrysis zhangjiangensis by investigating its carbon metabolism under different light intensities. Results showed high light inhibited the synthesis of fucoxanthin and stearidonic acid, while promoted cell growth and enhanced cellular lipid content compared with low light, achieving 2.4 g/L and 28.55%, respectively. Low light accelerated the accumulation of fucoxanthin and stearidonic acid, which obtained 23.29 mg/g and 17.16% (of total fatty acid). In combination with the molecular analysis, low light redirected carbon skeletons into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and diverted into carotenoid especially fucoxanthin. While, high light redistributed the skeletons to Malonyl CoA, citrate and α-Ketoglutarate and then oriented into lipid metabolism. The highest fucoxanthin and stearidonic acid productivity was 2.94 mg L-1 d-1 and 4.33 mg L-1 d-1, respectively, which revealed I. zhanjiangensis is a potential strain for the co-production of fucoxanthin and stearidonic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelian Li
- Institute for Food & Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Han Sun
- Institute for Food & Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute for Food & Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yunlei Fu
- Institute for Food & Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yongjin He
- Institute for Food & Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xuemei Mao
- Institute for Food & Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute for Food & Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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22
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Shimakawa G, Murakami A, Niwa K, Matsuda Y, Wada A, Miyake C. Comparative analysis of strategies to prepare electron sinks in aquatic photoautotrophs. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 139:401-411. [PMID: 29845382 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
While subject to illumination, photosystem I (PSI) has the potential to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can cause photo-oxidative damage in oxygenic photoautotrophs. The reaction center chlorophyll in PSI (P700) is kept oxidized in excess light conditions to limit over-excitation of PSI and alleviate the production of ROS. Oxidation of P700 requires a sufficient electron sink for PSI, which is responsible for flavodiiron proteins (FLV) safely dissipating electrons to O2 in cyanobacteria, green algae, and land plants except for angiosperms during short-pulse light (SP) illumination under which photosynthesis and photorespiration do not occur. This fact implies that O2 usage is essential for P700 oxidation but also raises the question why angiosperms lost FLV. Here, we first found that aquatic photoautotrophs in red plastid lineage, in which no gene for FLV has been found, could keep P700 oxidized during SP illumination alleviating the photo-oxidative damage in PSI even without O2 usage. We comprehensively assessed P700 oxidation during SP illumination in the presence and absence of O2 in cyanobacteria (Cyanophyta), green algae (Chlorophyta), angiosperms (Streptophyta), red algae (Rhodophyta), and secondary algae (Cryptophyta, Haptophyta, and Heterokontophyta). A variety of dependencies of P700 oxidation on O2 among these photoautotrophs clearly suggest that O2 usage and FLV are not universally required to oxidize P700 for protecting PSI against ROS damage. Our results expand the understanding of the diverse strategies taken by oxygenic photoautotrophs to oxidize P700 and mitigate the risks of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginga Shimakawa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akio Murakami
- Kobe University Research Center for Inland Seas, 2746 Iwaya, Awaji, Hyogo, 656-2401, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Niwa
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Akashi, Hyogo, 674-0093, Japan
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Faculty of Marine Life Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Yusuke Matsuda
- Research Center for the Development of Intelligent Self-Organized Biomaterials, Research Center for Environmental Bioscience, Department of Bioscience, Kwansei-Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Ayumi Wada
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 7 Goban, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan.
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Shimakawa G, Miyake C. Oxidation of P700 Ensures Robust Photosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1617. [PMID: 30459798 PMCID: PMC6232666 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In the light, photosynthetic cells can potentially suffer from oxidative damage derived from reactive oxygen species. Nevertheless, a variety of oxygenic photoautotrophs, including cyanobacteria, algae, and plants, manage their photosynthetic systems successfully. In the present article, we review previous research on how these photoautotrophs safely utilize light energy for photosynthesis without photo-oxidative damage to photosystem I (PSI). The reaction center chlorophyll of PSI, P700, is kept in an oxidized state in response to excess light, under high light and low CO2 conditions, to tune the light utilization and dissipate the excess photo-excitation energy in PSI. Oxidation of P700 is co-operatively regulated by a number of molecular mechanisms on both the electron donor and acceptor sides of PSI. The strategies to keep P700 oxidized are diverse among a variety of photoautotrophs, which are evolutionarily optimized for their ecological niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginga Shimakawa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
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Shimakawa G, Miyake C. Changing frequency of fluctuating light reveals the molecular mechanism for P700 oxidation in plant leaves. PLANT DIRECT 2018; 2:e00073. [PMID: 31245737 PMCID: PMC6508772 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Natural sunlight exceeds the demand of photosynthesis such that it can cause plants to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which subsequently cause photo-oxidative damage. Because photosystem I (PSI) is a major source of ROS, plants actively maintain the reaction center chlorophyll of PSI(P700) oxidized under excessive light conditions to alleviate the ROS production. P700 oxidation is universally recognized in photosynthetic organisms as a physiological response to excessive light. However, it is still poorly understood how P700 oxidation is induced in response to fluctuating light with a variety of frequencies. Here, we investigated the relationships of photosynthetic parameters with P700 oxidation in Arabidopsis thaliana under a sine fluctuating light with different frequencies. As the photon flux density of the light increased, P700 was oxidized concurrently with the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter qL unless the electron acceptor side of PSI was limited. Conversely, we did not observe a proportional relationship of non-photochemical quenching with P700 oxidation. The mutant crr-2, which lacks chloroplast NADPH dehydrogenase, was impaired in P700 oxidation during light fluctuation at high, but not low frequency, unlike the pgrl1 mutant deficient in PGR5 and PGRL1 proteins, which could not oxidize P700 during light fluctuation at both high and low frequencies. Taken together, our findings suggested that the changing frequency of fluctuating light reveals the tracking performance of molecular mechanisms underlying P700 oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginga Shimakawa
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceFaculty of AgricultureGraduate School of Agricultural ScienceKobe UniversityKobeJapan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceFaculty of AgricultureGraduate School of Agricultural ScienceKobe UniversityKobeJapan
- Core Research for Environmental Science and TechnologyJapan Science and Technology AgencyTokyoJapan
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Shimakawa G, Shaku K, Miyake C. Reduction-Induced Suppression of Electron Flow (RISE) Is Relieved by Non-ATP-Consuming Electron Flow in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:886. [PMID: 29867800 PMCID: PMC5949335 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms oxidize P700 to suppress the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in photosystem I (PSI) in response to the lower efficiency of photosynthesis under high light and low CO2 conditions. Previously, we found a positive relationship between reduction of plastoquinone (PQ) pool and oxidation of P700, which we named reduction-induced suppression of electron flow (RISE). In the RISE model, we proposed that the highly reduced state of the PQ pool suppresses Q-cycle turnover to oxidize P700 in PSI. Here, we tested whether RISE was relieved by the oxidation of the PQ pool, but not by the dissipation of the proton gradient (ΔpH) across the thylakoid membrane. Formation of ΔpH can also suppress electron flow to P700, because acidification on the luminal side of the thylakoid membrane lowers oxidation of reduced PQ in the cytochrome b6/f complex. We drove photosynthetic electron transport using H2O2-scavenging peroxidase reactions. Peroxidase reduces H2O2 with electron donors regenerated along the photosynthetic electron transport system, thereby promoting the formation of ΔpH. Addition of H2O2 to the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 under low CO2 conditions induced photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence, enhanced NADPH fluorescence and reduced P700. Thus, peroxidase reactions relieved the RISE mechanism, indicating that P700 oxidation can be induced only by the reduction of PQ to suppress the production of ROS in PSI. Overall, our data suggest that RISE regulates the redox state of P700 in PSI in cooperation with ΔpH regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginga Shimakawa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Shaku
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
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Rewiring of Cyanobacterial Metabolism for Hydrogen Production: Synthetic Biology Approaches and Challenges. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1080:171-213. [PMID: 30091096 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0854-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
With the demand for renewable energy growing, hydrogen (H2) is becoming an attractive energy carrier. Developing H2 production technologies with near-net zero carbon emissions is a major challenge for the "H2 economy." Certain cyanobacteria inherently possess enzymes, nitrogenases, and bidirectional hydrogenases that are capable of H2 evolution using sunlight, making them ideal cell factories for photocatalytic conversion of water to H2. With the advances in synthetic biology, cyanobacteria are currently being developed as a "plug and play" chassis to produce H2. This chapter describes the metabolic pathways involved and the theoretical limits to cyanobacterial H2 production and summarizes the metabolic engineering technologies pursued.
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Shimakawa G, Watanabe S, Miyake C. A Carbon Dioxide Limitation-Inducible Protein, ColA, Supports the Growth of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15120390. [PMID: 29244744 PMCID: PMC5742850 DOI: 10.3390/md15120390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A limitation in carbon dioxide (CO₂), which occurs as a result of natural environmental variation, suppresses photosynthesis and has the potential to cause photo-oxidative damage to photosynthetic cells. Oxygenic phototrophs have strategies to alleviate photo-oxidative damage to allow life in present atmospheric CO₂ conditions. However, the mechanisms for CO₂ limitation acclimation are diverse among the various oxygenic phototrophs, and many mechanisms remain to be discovered. In this study, we found that the gene encoding a CO₂ limitation-inducible protein, ColA, is required for the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 (S. 7002) to acclimate to limited CO₂ conditions. An S. 7002 mutant deficient in ColA (ΔcolA) showed lower chlorophyll content, based on the amount of nitrogen, than that in S. 7002 wild-type (WT) under ambient air but not high CO₂ conditions. Both thermoluminescence and protein carbonylation detected in the ambient air grown cells indicated that the lack of ColA promotes oxidative stress in S. 7002. Alterations in the photosynthetic O₂ evolution rate and relative electron transport rate in the short-term response, within an hour, to CO₂ limitation were the same between the WT and ΔcolA. Conversely, these photosynthetic parameters were mostly lower in the long-term response of a few days in ΔcolA than in the WT. These data suggest that ColA is required to sustain photosynthetic activity for living under ambient air in S. 7002. The unique phylogeny of ColA revealed diverse strategies to acclimate to CO₂ limitation among cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginga Shimakawa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Satoru Watanabe
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan.
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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Pierangelini M, Ryšánek D, Lang I, Adlassnig W, Holzinger A. Terrestrial adaptation of green algae Klebsormidium and Zygnema (Charophyta) involves diversity in photosynthetic traits but not in CO 2 acquisition. PLANTA 2017; 246:971-986. [PMID: 28721563 PMCID: PMC5633629 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The basal streptophyte Klebsormidium and the advanced Zygnema show adaptation to terrestrialization. Differences are found in photoprotection and resistance to short-term light changes, but not in CO 2 acquisition. Streptophyte green algae colonized land about 450-500 million years ago giving origin to terrestrial plants. We aim to understand how their physiological adaptations are linked to the ecological conditions (light, water and CO2) characterizing modern terrestrial habitats. A new Klebsormidium isolate from a strongly acidic environment of a former copper mine (Schwarzwand, Austria) is investigated, in comparison to Klebsormidium cf. flaccidum and Zygnema sp. We show that these genera possess different photosynthetic traits and water requirements. Particularly, the Klebsormidium species displayed a higher photoprotection capacity, concluded from non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and higher tolerance to high light intensity than Zygnema. However, Klebsormidium suffered from photoinhibition when the light intensity in the environment increased rapidly, indicating that NPQ is involved in photoprotection against strong and stable irradiance. Klebsormidium was also highly resistant to cellular water loss (dehydration) under low light. On the other hand, exposure to relatively high light intensity during dehydration caused a harmful over-reduction of the electron transport chain, leading to PSII damages and impairing the ability to recover after rehydration. Thus, we suggest that dehydration is a selective force shaping the adaptation of this species towards low light. Contrary to the photosynthetic characteristics, the inorganic carbon (C i ) acquisition was equivalent between Klebsormidium and Zygnema. Despite their different habitats and restriction to hydro-terrestrial environment, the three organisms showed similar use of CO2 and HCO3- as source of Ci for photosynthesis, pointing out a similar adaptation of their CO2-concentrating mechanisms to terrestrial life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Pierangelini
- Department of Botany, Functional Plant Biology, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Ryšánek
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, 12801, Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v. v. i., Průmyslová 595, 252 42, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ingeborg Lang
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Adlassnig
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Department of Botany, Functional Plant Biology, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Hanawa H, Ishizaki K, Nohira K, Takagi D, Shimakawa G, Sejima T, Shaku K, Makino A, Miyake C. Land plants drive photorespiration as higher electron-sink: comparative study of post-illumination transient O 2 -uptake rates from liverworts to angiosperms through ferns and gymnosperms. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 161:138-149. [PMID: 28419460 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, the electron-sink capacity of photorespiration contributes to alleviation of photoinhibition by dissipating excess energy under conditions when photosynthesis is limited. We addressed the question at which point in the evolution of photosynthetic organisms photorespiration began to function as electron sink and replaced the flavodiiron proteins which catalyze the reduction of O2 at photosystem I in cyanobacteria. Algae do not have a higher activity of photorespiration when CO2 assimilation is limited, and it can therefore not act as an electron sink. Using land plants (liverworts, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms) we compared photorespiration activity and estimated the electron flux driven by photorespiration to evaluate its electron-sink capacity at CO2 -compensation point. In vivo photorespiration activity was estimated by the simultaneous measurement of O2 -exchange rate and chlorophyll fluorescence yield. All C3-plants leaves showed transient O2 -uptake after actinic light illumination (post-illumination transient O2 -uptake), which reflects photorespiration activity. Post-illumination transient O2 -uptake rates increased in the order from liverworts to angiosperms through ferns and gymnosperms. Furthermore, photorespiration-dependent electron flux in photosynthetic linear electron flow was estimated from post-illumination transient O2 -uptake rate and compared with the electron flux in photosynthetic linear electron flow in order to evaluate the electron-sink capacity of photorespiration. The electron-sink capacity at the CO2 -compensation point also increased in the above order. In gymnosperms photorespiration was determined to be the main electron-sink. C3-C4 intermediate species of Flaveria plants showed photorespiration activity, which intermediate between that of C3- and C4-flaveria species. These results indicate that in the first land plants, liverworts, photorespiration started to function as electron sink. According to our hypothesis, the dramatic increase in partial pressure of O2 in the atmosphere about 0.4 billion years ago made it possible to drive photorespiration with higher activity in liverworts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Hanawa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kimitsune Ishizaki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kana Nohira
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takagi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ginga Shimakawa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takehiro Sejima
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Shaku
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Amane Makino
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 981-8555, Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
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Shimakawa G, Ishizaki K, Tsukamoto S, Tanaka M, Sejima T, Miyake C. The Liverwort, Marchantia, Drives Alternative Electron Flow Using a Flavodiiron Protein to Protect PSI. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:1636-1647. [PMID: 28153920 PMCID: PMC5338653 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The diffusion efficiency of oxygen in the atmosphere, like that of CO2, is approximately 104 times greater than that in aqueous environments. Consequently, terrestrial photosynthetic organisms need mechanisms to protect against potential oxidative damage. The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, a basal land plant, has habitats where it is exposed to both water and the atmosphere. Furthermore, like cyanobacteria, M. polymorpha has genes encoding flavodiiron proteins (FLV). In cyanobacteria, FLVs mediate oxygen-dependent alternative electron flow (AEF) to suppress the production of reactive oxygen species. Here, we investigated whether FLVs are required for the protection of photosynthesis in M. polymorpha A mutant deficient in the FLV1 isozyme (ΔMpFlv1) sustained photooxidative damage to photosystem I (PSI) following repetitive short-saturation pulses of light. Compared with the wild type (Takaragaike-1), ΔMpFlv1 showed the same photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate but a lower electron transport rate during the induction phase of photosynthesis. Additionally, the reaction center chlorophyll in PSI, P700, was highly reduced in ΔMpFlv1 but not in Takaragaike-1. These results indicate that the gene product of MpFlv1 drives AEF to oxidize PSI, as in cyanobacteria. Furthermore, FLV-mediated AEF supports the production of a proton motive force to possibly induce the nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence and suppress electron transport in the cytochrome b6/f complex. After submerging the thalli, a decrease in photosystem II operating efficiency was observed, particularly in ΔMpFlv1, which implies that species living in these sorts of habitats require FLV-mediated AEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginga Shimakawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science (G.S., M.T., T.S., C.M.) and Graduate School of Science (K.I., S.T.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; and
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan (C.M.)
| | - Kimitsune Ishizaki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science (G.S., M.T., T.S., C.M.) and Graduate School of Science (K.I., S.T.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; and
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan (C.M.)
| | - Shigeyuki Tsukamoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science (G.S., M.T., T.S., C.M.) and Graduate School of Science (K.I., S.T.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; and
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan (C.M.)
| | - Moeko Tanaka
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science (G.S., M.T., T.S., C.M.) and Graduate School of Science (K.I., S.T.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; and
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan (C.M.)
| | - Takehiro Sejima
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science (G.S., M.T., T.S., C.M.) and Graduate School of Science (K.I., S.T.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; and
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan (C.M.)
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science (G.S., M.T., T.S., C.M.) and Graduate School of Science (K.I., S.T.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; and
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan (C.M.)
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