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Ge J, Zhu X, Weng C, Yuan D, Zhao J, Zhao L, Wang T, Wu Y. Periodontitis impacts on thrombotic diseases: from clinical aspect to future therapeutic approaches. Int J Oral Sci 2024; 16:58. [PMID: 39402049 PMCID: PMC11473739 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-024-00325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease initiated by biofilm microorganisms and mediated by host immune imbalance. Uncontrolled periodontal infections are the leading cause of tooth loss in adults. Thrombotic diseases can lead to partial or complete obstruction of blood flow in the circulatory system, manifesting as organ or tissue ischemia and necrosis in patients with arterial thrombosis, and local edema, pain and circulatory instability in patients with venous thrombosis, which may lead to mortality or fatality in severe case. Recent studies found that periodontitis might enhance thrombosis through bacterial transmission or systemic inflammation by affecting platelet-immune cell interactions, as well as the coagulation, and periodontal therapy could have a prophylactic effect on patients with thrombotic diseases. In this review, we summarized clinical findings on the association between periodontitis and thrombotic diseases and discussed several novel prothrombotic periodontitis-related agents, and presented a perspective to emphasize the necessity of oral health management for people at high risk of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinting Ge
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuanzhi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengxin Weng
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ding Yuan
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jichun Zhao
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiehao Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yafei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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2
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Khattak H, Aleem Husain S, Baker D, Greer I. Use of anticoagulants to improve pregnancy outcomes in couples positive for M2 haplotype: A systematic review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2024; 296:179-184. [PMID: 38452530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placental mediated pregnancy complications (PMPC) are common, often recurring, and pose a significant health risk to mother and fetus. Evidence suggests that the hypercoagulable state associated with many PMPC, could reflect reduced expression of Annexin 5 (ANXA5), a naturally occurring anticoagulant protein in placental tissue. The ANXA5 M2 haplotype is a genetic variant, which results in reduced expression of ANXA5 protein. M2 haplotype carrier couples may therefore be at increased risk of PMPC. Evidence regarding the effectiveness of anticoagulation to prevent PMPC is inconsistent. Furthermore, studies have not selected or stratified for M2 haplotype carriers, in whom there is a predisposition to hypercoagulability, to assess the effectiveness of anticoagulation, which may vary from those without the M2 haplotype. OBJECTIVES AND RATIONALE The aim of this study was to systematically review the current evidence to assess whether anticoagulant treatment improves pregnancy outcomes in couples positive for M2 haplotype. SEARCH METHODS The review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022343943). A comprehensive literature search was performed using MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane collaboration databases from inception to January 2023. Two reviewers assessed the articles for eligibility and extracted the data simultaneously. Primary outcome was successful pregnancy and live birth. Secondary outcomes included PMPC (implantation failure, miscarriage, pre-eclampsia, preterm birth and fetal growth restriction). OUTCOMES From a pool of 410 references, 10 were selected for full text review, of which three studies (a post hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial, cohort study and a case report) were included in this review. Included studies comprised of 223 individuals, 129 of whom who received anticoagulation treatment after testing positive for M2 haplotype. The studies collectively showed an improvement in pregnancy outcomes in M2 haplotype positive individuals however, given the heterogeneity of studies, it was not possible to conduct a meta-analysis and draw firm conclusions. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Current evidence is limited, such that the value of screening couples for the M2 haplotype to select or stratify for treatment with prophylactic anticoagulation remains unknown. Thus, further studies including well designed, large, multi-centre randomised controlled trials are required to assess whether anticoagulation treatment will be effective in improving pregnancy outcomes in M2 haplotype couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajra Khattak
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Women's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK; Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College, London, UK.
| | - Syed Aleem Husain
- Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Dudley Rd, Birmingham B18 7QH, UK
| | - Deborah Baker
- IHG Pharmaco Ltd, 20-22 Wenlock Road, London N17GU, UK
| | - Ian Greer
- Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
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3
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Noubissi FK, Odubanjo OV, Ogle BM, Tchounwou PB. Mechanisms of Cell Fusion in Cancer. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 71:407-432. [PMID: 37996688 PMCID: PMC10893907 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell fusion is a normal physiological mechanism that requires a well-orchestrated regulation of intracellular and extracellular factors. Dysregulation of this process could lead to diseases such as osteoporosis, malformation of muscles, difficulties in pregnancy, and cancer. Extensive literature demonstrates that fusion occurs between cancer cells and other cell types to potentially promote cancer progression and metastasis. However, the mechanisms governing this process in cancer initiation, promotion, and progression are less well-studied. Fusogens involved in normal physiological processes such as syncytins and associated factors such as phosphatidylserine and annexins have been observed to be critical in cancer cell fusion as well. Some of the extracellular factors associated with cancer cell fusion include chronic inflammation and inflammatory cytokines, hypoxia, and viral infection. The interaction between these extracellular factors and cell's intrinsic factors potentially modulates actin dynamics to drive the fusion of cancer cells. In this review, we have discussed the different mechanisms that have been identified or postulated to drive cancer cell fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicite K Noubissi
- Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA.
- Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI), Center for Health Disparity Research (RCMI-CHDR), Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA.
| | - Oluwatoyin V Odubanjo
- Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
- Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI), Center for Health Disparity Research (RCMI-CHDR), Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Brenda M Ogle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
- Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI), Center for Health Disparity Research (RCMI-CHDR), Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
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4
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Mineo C, Shaul PW, Bermas BL. The pathogenesis of obstetric APS: a 2023 update. Clin Immunol 2023; 255:109745. [PMID: 37625670 PMCID: PMC11366079 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the persistent presence of antibodies directed against phospholipids and phospholipid-binding proteins that are associated with thrombosis and pregnancy-related morbidity. The latter includes fetal deaths, premature birth and maternal complications. In the early 1990s, a distinct set of autoantibodies, termed collectively antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), were identified as the causative agents of this disorder. Subsequently histological analyses of the placenta from APS pregnancies revealed various abnormalities, including inflammation at maternal-fetal interface and poor placentation manifested by reduced trophoblast invasion and limited uterine spiral artery remodeling. Further preclinical investigations identified the molecular targets of aPL and the downstream intracellular pathways of key placental cell types. While these discoveries suggest potential therapeutics for this disorder, definitive clinical trials have not been completed. This concise review focuses on the recent developments in the field of basic and translational research pursuing novel mechanisms underlying obstetric APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Mineo
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
| | - Philip W Shaul
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Bonnie L Bermas
- Division of Rheumatic Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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5
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Degrelle SA, Ferecatu I, Fournier T. Novel fluorescent and secreted transcriptional reporters for quantifying activity of the xenobiotic sensor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 169:107545. [PMID: 36179647 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that plays a critical role in diverse biological processes, including xenobiotic metabolism, carcinogenesis, and physiological functions such as regulation of the immune system and cell differentiation. To improve studies of AHR activity, we constructed two new reporter genes: a fluorescent GFP-tagged histone 2B (XRE-H2B-eGFP) and a secreted nanoluciferase (XRE-pNL1.3[secNluc]). Here, we demonstrate how these reporters can be used to monitor AHR activity in different types of cells, including human primary trophoblasts and cell lines, following incubation with a strong AHR ligand, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), or an AHR inhibitor (CH223191). Compared to vehicle control cells, a significant increase in AHR activity was observed in cells treated with 0.5 and/or 2 µM B[a]P and a significant decrease was detected in response to treatment with 3 µM CH223191. These new plasmids have great potential for use in a variety of applications, such as screening for endogenous or exogenous ligands of AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine A Degrelle
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR-S1139 Physiopathologie et Pharmacotoxicologie Placentaire Humaine, Microbiote pré et post-natal (3PHM), Paris F-75006, France; Inovarion, Paris F-75005, France.
| | - Ioana Ferecatu
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR-S1139 Physiopathologie et Pharmacotoxicologie Placentaire Humaine, Microbiote pré et post-natal (3PHM), Paris F-75006, France
| | - Thierry Fournier
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR-S1139 Physiopathologie et Pharmacotoxicologie Placentaire Humaine, Microbiote pré et post-natal (3PHM), Paris F-75006, France
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6
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Renaud SJ, Jeyarajah MJ. How trophoblasts fuse: an in-depth look into placental syncytiotrophoblast formation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:433. [PMID: 35859055 PMCID: PMC11072895 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04475-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In humans, cell fusion is restricted to only a few cell types under normal conditions. In the placenta, cell fusion is a critical process for generating syncytiotrophoblast: the giant multinucleated trophoblast lineage containing billions of nuclei within an interconnected cytoplasm that forms the primary interface separating maternal blood from fetal tissue. The unique morphology of syncytiotrophoblast ensures that nutrients and gases can be efficiently transferred between maternal and fetal tissue while simultaneously restricting entry of potentially damaging substances and maternal immune cells through intercellular junctions. To maintain integrity of the syncytiotrophoblast layer, underlying cytotrophoblast progenitor cells terminate their capability for self-renewal, upregulate expression of genes needed for differentiation, and then fuse into the overlying syncytium. These processes are disrupted in a variety of obstetric complications, underscoring the importance of proper syncytiotrophoblast formation for pregnancy health. Herein, an overview of key mechanisms underlying human trophoblast fusion and syncytiotrophoblast development is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Renaud
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A5C1, Canada.
| | - Mariyan J Jeyarajah
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A5C1, Canada
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7
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Inefficient development of syncytiotrophoblasts in the Atp11a-deficient mouse placenta. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2200582119. [PMID: 35476530 PMCID: PMC9170144 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2200582119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma membranes are composed of a lipid bilayer in which phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) is confined to the inner leaflet by the action of flippase that translocates PtdSer from the outer to inner leaflets. Two P4-ATPases (ATP11A and ATP11C) work as flippase at plasma membranes. Here, we report that the mouse placenta expresses only ATP11A, and Atp11a-deficient mouse embryos die during embryogenesis due to inefficient formation of syncytiotrophoblasts in the placental labyrinth. The flippase-null mutation inactivates human choriocarcinoma BeWo cells to translocate PtdSer into the inner leaflet and undergo cell fusion. These findings highlight the importance of flippase to regulate the distribution of phospholipids for cell fusion, at least in trophoblast fusion. The P4-ATPases ATP11A and ATP11C function as flippases at the plasma membrane to translocate phosphatidylserine from the outer to the inner leaflet. We herein demonstrated that Atp11a-deficient mouse embryos died at approximately E14.5 with thin-walled heart ventricles. However, the cardiomyocyte- or epiblast-specific Atp11a deletion did not affect mouse development or mortality. ATP11C may have compensated for the function of ATP11A in most of the cell types in the embryo. On the other hand, Atp11a, but not Atp11c, was expressed in the mouse placenta, and the Atp11a-null mutation caused poor development of the labyrinthine layer with an increased number of TUNEL-positive foci. Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy revealed a disorganized labyrinthine layer with unfused trophoblasts in the Atp11a-null placenta. Human placenta-derived choriocarcinoma BeWo cells expressed the ATP11A and ATP11C genes. A lack of ATP11A and ATP11C eliminated the ability of BeWo cells to flip phosphatidylserine and fuse when treated with forskolin. These results indicate that flippases at the plasma membrane play an important role in the formation of syncytiotrophoblasts in placental development.
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8
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Park JY, Mani S, Clair G, Olson HM, Paurus VL, Ansong CK, Blundell C, Young R, Kanter J, Gordon S, Yi AY, Mainigi M, Huh DD. A microphysiological model of human trophoblast invasion during implantation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1252. [PMID: 35292627 PMCID: PMC8924260 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28663-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful establishment of pregnancy requires adhesion of an embryo to the endometrium and subsequent invasion into the maternal tissue. Abnormalities in this critical process of implantation and placentation lead to many pregnancy complications. Here we present a microenigneered system to model a complex sequence of orchestrated multicellular events that plays an essential role in early pregnancy. Our implantation-on-a-chip is capable of reconstructing the three-dimensional structural organization of the maternal-fetal interface to model the invasion of specialized fetal extravillous trophoblasts into the maternal uterus. Using primary human cells isolated from clinical specimens, we demonstrate in vivo-like directional migration of extravillous trophoblasts towards a microengineered maternal vessel and their interactions with the endothelium necessary for vascular remodeling. Through parametric variation of the cellular microenvironment and proteomic analysis of microengineered tissues, we show the important role of decidualized stromal cells as a regulator of extravillous trophoblast migration. Furthermore, our study reveals previously unknown effects of pre-implantation maternal immune cells on extravillous trophoblast invasion. This work represents a significant advance in our ability to model early human pregnancy, and may enable the development of advanced in vitro platforms for basic and clinical research of human reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Young Park
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sneha Mani
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Geremy Clair
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Heather M Olson
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Vanessa L Paurus
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Charles K Ansong
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Cassidy Blundell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Young
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica Kanter
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott Gordon
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alex Y Yi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Monica Mainigi
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Dan Dongeun Huh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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9
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Zhang H, Ma H, Yang X, Fan L, Tian S, Niu R, Yan M, Zheng M, Zhang S. Cell Fusion-Related Proteins and Signaling Pathways, and Their Roles in the Development and Progression of Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:809668. [PMID: 35178400 PMCID: PMC8846309 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.809668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell fusion is involved in many physiological and pathological processes, including gamete binding, and cancer development. The basic processes of cell fusion include membrane fusion, cytoplasmic mixing, and nuclear fusion. Cell fusion is regulated by different proteins and signaling pathways. Syncytin-1, syncytin-2, glial cell missing 1, galectin-1 and other proteins (annexins, myomaker, myomerger etc.) involved in cell fusion via the cyclic adenosine-dependent protein kinase A, mitogen-activated protein kinase, wingless/integrase-1, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathways. In the progression of malignant tumors, cell fusion is essential during the organ-specific metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, the formation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), cancer angiogenesis and cancer immunity. In addition, diploid cells can be induced to form polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) via cell fusion under many kinds of stimuli, including cobalt chloride, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and traditional Chinese medicine. PGCCs have CSC-like properties, and the daughter cells derived from PGCCs have a mesenchymal phenotype and exhibit strong migration, invasion, and proliferation abilities. Therefore, exploring the molecular mechanisms of cell fusion can enable us better understand the development of malignant tumors. In this review, the basic process of cell fusion and its significance in cancer is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Linlin Fan
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shifeng Tian
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Niu
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Man Yan
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Minying Zheng
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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10
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Flagging fusion: Phosphatidylserine signaling in cell-cell fusion. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100411. [PMID: 33581114 PMCID: PMC8005811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Formations of myofibers, osteoclasts, syncytiotrophoblasts, and fertilized zygotes share a common step, cell–cell fusion. Recent years have brought about considerable progress in identifying some of the proteins involved in these and other cell-fusion processes. However, even for the best-characterized cell fusions, we still do not know the mechanisms that regulate the timing of cell-fusion events. Are they fully controlled by the expression of fusogenic proteins or do they also depend on some triggering signal that activates these proteins? The latter scenario would be analogous to the mechanisms that control the timing of exocytosis initiated by Ca2+ influx and virus-cell fusion initiated by low pH- or receptor interaction. Diverse cell fusions are accompanied by the nonapoptotic exposure of phosphatidylserine at the surface of fusing cells. Here we review data on the dependence of membrane remodeling in cell fusion on phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylserine-recognizing proteins and discuss the hypothesis that cell surface phosphatidylserine serves as a conserved “fuse me” signal regulating the time and place of cell-fusion processes.
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11
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Rogenhofer N, Markoff A, Ennerst X, Bogdanova N, Thaler C. Maternal and paternal carriage of the annexin A5 M2 haplotype: a possible risk factor for recurrent implantation failure (RIF). J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 38:235-242. [PMID: 33231792 PMCID: PMC7822994 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-020-01978-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was carried out to determine the potential role of the M2/ANXA5 haplotype as a risk factor for recurrent implantation failure (RIF). Carriage of the M2/ANXA5 haplotype that induces prothrombotic changes has been implicated in failure of early pregnancies and placenta-mediated complications (preeclampsia, IUGR, preterm birth). MATERIAL AND METHODS In the present case control study, 63 couples (females and males) with RIF presenting for IVF/ICSI to the Fertility Center of [masked] were analyzed. RIF was defined as ≥ 4 consecutive failed ART-transfers of ≥ 4 blastocysts or ≥ 8 cleavage-stage embryos of optimal quality and maternal age ≤ 41. Fertile female controls (n = 90) were recruited from the same center. Population controls (n = 533) were drafted from the PopGen biobank, UKSH Kiel. RESULTS Couples carrying the M2/ANXA5 haplotype turned out to have a significantly increased relative risk (RR) for RIF. Compared with female fertile controls, RR was 1.81 with p = 0.037 (OR 2.1, 95%CI 1.0-4.3) and RR was 1.70, with p = 0.004 (OR 2.0, 95%CI 1.2-3.1) compared with population controls (15.4% M2 carriers). Male partners were comparable with RIF females for M2/ANXA5 haplotypes (28.6% vs. 23.8%, p = 0.54). RIF females compared with population controls had a RR of 1.55 (p = 0.09) and RIF males compared with population controls had a RR of 1.9 (p = 0.01). Couples with ≥ 7 failed transfers showed a RR of 1.82 (p = 0.02) compared with population controls. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that maternal as well as paternal M2/ANXA5 haplotype carriages are risk factors for RIF. These results allow new insights into the pathogenesis of RIF and might help to identify relevant risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Rogenhofer
- Division of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Arseni Markoff
- Institute of Human Genetics, UKM and WWU, Muenster, Germany
| | - Xenia Ennerst
- Division of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christian Thaler
- Division of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
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12
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Shoaito H, Chauveau S, Gosseaume C, Bourguet W, Vigouroux C, Vatier C, Pienkowski C, Fournier T, Degrelle SA. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-ligand-binding domain mutations associated with familial partial lipodystrophy type 3 disrupt human trophoblast fusion and fibroblast migration. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7660-7669. [PMID: 32519441 PMCID: PMC7339198 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARG) is essential for placental development, and alterations in its expression and/or activity are associated with human placental pathologies such as pre‐eclampsia or IUGR. However, the molecular regulation of PPARG in cytotrophoblast differentiation and in the underlying mesenchyme remains poorly understood. Our main goal was to study the impact of mutations in the ligand‐binding domain (LBD) of the PPARG gene on cytotrophoblast fusion (PPARGE352Q) and on fibroblast cell migration (PPARGR262G/PPARGL319X). Our results showed that, compared to cells with reconstituted PPARGWT, transfection with PPARGE352Q led to significantly lower PPARG activity and lower restoration of trophoblast fusion. Likewise, compared to PPARGWT fibroblasts, PPARGR262G/PPARGL319X fibroblasts demonstrated significantly inhibited cell migration. In conclusion, we report that single missense or nonsense mutations in the LBD of PPARG significantly inhibit cell fusion and migration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Shoaito
- INSERM, UMR-S1139 (3PHM), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Chauveau
- INSERM, UMR-S1139 (3PHM), Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Laboratoire ICARE, Biopôle Clermont-Limagne, Saint-Beauzire, France
| | - Camille Gosseaume
- Inserm UMR-S938, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, National Reference Centre of Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - William Bourguet
- INSERM, CNRS, Centre de Biochimie Structurale (CBS), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- Inserm UMR-S938, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, National Reference Centre of Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Camille Vatier
- Inserm UMR-S938, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, National Reference Centre of Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Pienkowski
- Endocrinology Unit, Reference Centre for Rare Gynecologic Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Fournier
- INSERM, UMR-S1139 (3PHM), Université de Paris, Paris, France.,PremUp Foundation, Paris, France
| | - Séverine A Degrelle
- INSERM, UMR-S1139 (3PHM), Université de Paris, Paris, France.,PremUp Foundation, Paris, France.,Inovarion, Paris, France
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13
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Schenkein HA, Thomas RR. Anticardiolipin from Periodontitis Patients Impact Fetal Loss and Annexin V. J Dent Res 2020; 99:797-803. [PMID: 32202953 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520913244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticardiolipin antibodies, found at elevated serum concentrations in 15% to 20% of individuals with periodontitis, are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, thrombotic conditions, and accelerated atherosclerosis in autoimmune disease such as the antiphospholipid syndrome. Our previous studies demonstrated that antibodies raised in mice against Porphyromonas gingivalis caused fetal loss in a mouse pregnancy model due to anticardiolipin antibodies. Such antibodies are induced via molecular mimicry with the serum protein β2-glycoprotein 1 (β2GP1), the target antigen of anticardiolipin. Furthermore, human anticardiolipin IgG is associated with increased serum markers of vascular inflammation, and IgG purified from periodontitis subjects with elevated anticardiolipin stimulates inflammatory cytokine production by endothelial cells and a trophoblastic cell line. Activation of the trophoblastic cells by anticardiolipin occurs through Toll-like receptor 4. In the present study, we observed that IgG anticardiolipin from periodontitis subjects also causes fetal loss in mice. Displacement of the protective 2-dimensional lattice formed by annexin V on trophoblast surfaces by anticardiolipin, via its interaction with its target antigen β2GP1, leading to fibrin clot formation due to exposure of anionic phospholipids to plasma, is a plausible pathogenic mechanism explaining adverse obstetrical outcomes in antiphospholipid syndrome. Therefore, we assessed such interactions in periodontitis. We observed that anticardiolipin from periodontitis subjects competes for annexin V on an artificial phosphatidylserine monolayer, replicating a key activity of autoantibodies found in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. In addition, we found that anticardiolipin from periodontitis subjects increases annexin V levels on the BeWo choriocarcinoma cell line, consistent with mobilization of annexin V to the cell surface to facilitate repair following membrane damage. The data indicate that sera and IgG from periodontitis subjects with elevated anticardiolipin levels may influence pregnancy outcomes due to interactions with annexin V.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Schenkein
- Department of Periodontics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - R R Thomas
- Department of Periodontics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, VA, USA
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14
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Hong S, Na S, Kim OH, Jeong S, Oh BC, Ha NC. High-resolution structures of annexin A5 in a two-dimensional array. J Struct Biol 2019; 209:107401. [PMID: 31605770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Annexins are soluble cytosolic proteins that bind to cell membranes. Annexin A5 self-assembles into a two-dimensional (2D) array and prevents cell rupture by attaching to damaged membranes. However, this process is not fully understood at the molecular level. In this study, we determined the crystal structures of annexin A5 with and without calcium (Ca2+) and confirmed the Ca2+-dependent outward motion of a tryptophan residue. Strikingly, the two structures exhibited the same crystal packing and 2D arrangement into a p3 lattice, which agrees well with the results of low-resolution structural imaging. High-resolution structures indicated that a three-fold interaction near the tryptophan residue is important for mediating the formation of the p3 lattice. A hypothesis on the promotion of p3 lattice formation by phosphatidyl serine (PS) is also suggested. This study provides molecular insight into how annexins modulate the physical properties of cell membranes as a function of Ca2+ concentration and the phospholipid composition of the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokho Hong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohui Na
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hee Kim
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jeong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Chul Ha
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Matrai CE, Rand JH, Baergen RN. Absence of Distinct Immunohistochemical Distribution of Annexin A5, C3b, C4d, and C5b-9 in Placentas From Patients With Antiphospholipid Antibodies, Preeclampsia, and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2019; 22:431-439. [PMID: 30922166 DOI: 10.1177/1093526619836025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In pregnancy, the presence of preeclampsia (PEC), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and/or antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APLS) is characterized by poor obstetric outcomes, with potential adverse effects for both mother and fetus. Although the histopathologic changes observed in these entities have been well established, the pathogenic mediators associated with tissue injury are poorly understood. METHODS Forty placentas were evaluated, including 10 patients with preeclampsia, 9 with SLE, 11 with APLS, and 10 disease-free controls. Each case was subjected to a panel of immunohistochemical markers including C3b, C4d, Annexin A5, and C5b-9. Staining was graded on intensity and distribution. RESULTS C4d staining was distinctly different among disease groups and controls. Moreover, 6/10 PEC cases, 3/9 SLE cases, and 4/11 APLS cases showed at least focal staining for C4d. All controls were negative. Annexin A5 (AnxA5) staining showed intrinsic variability in all disease groups, while 10/10 controls showed diffuse, strong staining (2+ or 3+). C3b staining was heterogeneous among groups. DISCUSSION Previously, antiphospholipid antibody (aPLA)-associated pregnancy complications have been thought to be a consequence of a unique aPLA-mediated pathogenic mechanism. However, the immunohistochemical similarity (increased complement and decreased AnxA5 staining) observed in placentas from patients with APLS, PEC, and SLE suggests that aPLA-associated pregnancy complications may reflect a more general autoimmune mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathleen E Matrai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Jacob H Rand
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Rebecca N Baergen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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16
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Zheng L, Nagar M, Maurais AJ, Slade DJ, Parelkar SS, Coonrod SA, Weerapana E, Thompson PR. Calcium Regulates the Nuclear Localization of Protein Arginine Deiminase 2. Biochemistry 2019; 58:3042-3056. [PMID: 31243954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine deiminases (PADs) are calcium-dependent enzymes that mediate the post-translational conversion of arginine into citrulline. Dysregulated PAD activity is associated with numerous autoimmune disorders and cancers. In breast cancer, PAD2 citrullinates histone H3R26 and activates the transcription of estrogen receptor target genes. However, PAD2 lacks a canonical nuclear localization sequence, and it is unclear how this enzyme is transported into the nucleus. Here, we show for the first time that PAD2 translocates into the nucleus in response to calcium signaling. Using BioID2, a proximity-dependent biotinylation method for identifying interacting proteins, we found that PAD2 preferentially associates with ANXA5 in the cytoplasm. Binding of calcium to PAD2 weakens this cytoplasmic interaction, which generates a pool of calcium-bound PAD2 that can interact with Ran. We hypothesize that this latter interaction promotes the translocation of PAD2 into the nucleus. These findings highlight a critical role for ANXA5 in regulating PAD2 and identify an unusual mechanism whereby proteins translocate between the cytosol and nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology , University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester , Massachusetts 01605 , United States.,Program in Chemical Biology , University of Massachusetts Medical School , 364 Plantation Street , Worcester , Massachusetts 01605 , United States
| | - Mitesh Nagar
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology , University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester , Massachusetts 01605 , United States.,Program in Chemical Biology , University of Massachusetts Medical School , 364 Plantation Street , Worcester , Massachusetts 01605 , United States
| | - Aaron J Maurais
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Daniel J Slade
- Department of Biochemistry , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Sangram S Parelkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology , University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester , Massachusetts 01605 , United States
| | - Scott A Coonrod
- James A. Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Eranthie Weerapana
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology , University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester , Massachusetts 01605 , United States.,Program in Chemical Biology , University of Massachusetts Medical School , 364 Plantation Street , Worcester , Massachusetts 01605 , United States
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17
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Brukman NG, Uygur B, Podbilewicz B, Chernomordik LV. How cells fuse. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1436-1451. [PMID: 30936162 PMCID: PMC6504885 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201901017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Brukman et al. review cell–cell fusion mechanisms, focusing on the identity of the fusogens that mediate these processes and the regulation of their activities. Cell–cell fusion remains the least understood type of membrane fusion process. However, the last few years have brought about major advances in understanding fusion between gametes, myoblasts, macrophages, trophoblasts, epithelial, cancer, and other cells in normal development and in diseases. While different cell fusion processes appear to proceed via similar membrane rearrangements, proteins that have been identified as necessary and sufficient for cell fusion (fusogens) use diverse mechanisms. Some fusions are controlled by a single fusogen; other fusions depend on several proteins that either work together throughout the fusion pathway or drive distinct stages. Furthermore, some fusions require fusogens to be present on both fusing membranes, and in other fusions, fusogens have to be on only one of the membranes. Remarkably, some of the proteins that fuse cells also sculpt single cells, repair neurons, promote scission of endocytic vesicles, and seal phagosomes. In this review, we discuss the properties and diversity of the known proteins mediating cell–cell fusion and highlight their different working mechanisms in various contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas G Brukman
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Berna Uygur
- Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Leonid V Chernomordik
- Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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18
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Association between M2/ANXA5 haplotype and repeated pregnancy loss: a meta-analysis. Fertil Steril 2019; 111:971-981.e2. [PMID: 30922645 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To ascertain the magnitude and precision of the association between M2/ANXA5 haplotype and repeated pregnancy loss (RPL). DESIGN Meta-analysis of odds ratios. SETTING Not applicable. PATIENT(S) Subjects were women with RPL and their partners. INTERVENTION(S) Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The association between M2/ANXA5 haplotype and RPL was evaluated in a meta-analysis of odds ratios. We further scrutinized this association according to [1] the sequence of miscarriages, [2] the number of consecutive losses, [3] the extent of excluding other pathologies of RPL, and [4] the timing of fetal loss. RESULT(S) Fourteen individual studies (n = 4,664 subjects) were included in this meta-analysis. The results show that women with the M2/ANXA5 haplotype have 1.54 times (95% confidence interval, 1.08-2.20) the odds of having associated RPL compared with women with the normal haplotype, regardless of consecutive or nonconsecutive pregnancy losses. Acknowledging the clinical heterogeneity among the studies, this significant association comes with a caveat that the lower bound of the confidence interval is close to unity. In couple populations (n = 2,449), M2/ANXA5 haplotype subjects have an odds ratio of 1.48 (95% confidence interval, 1.14-1.91) of experiencing RPL, which suggests contributions from paternal M2/ANXA5 carriers in RPL. CONCLUSION(S) This meta-analysis ascertains that women with the M2/ANXA5 haplotype have a higher risk of experiencing RPL, especially consecutive early idiopathic RPL. Male partners with the M2/ANXA5 haplotype partly contribute to this risk. Hence, screening for the M2/ANXA5 haplotype as a panel of laboratory investigations for RPL is recommended.
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19
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Uygur B, Leikina E, Melikov K, Villasmil R, Verma SK, Vary CPH, Chernomordik LV. Interactions with Muscle Cells Boost Fusion, Stemness, and Drug Resistance of Prostate Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:806-820. [PMID: 30587522 PMCID: PMC8312562 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Poorly understood interactions with nonmalignant cells within the tumor microenvironment play an important role in cancer progression. Here, we explored interactions between prostate cancer and muscle cells that surround the prostate. We found that coculturing of prostate cancer cells with skeletal or smooth muscle cells expands the subpopulations of cancer cells with features characteristic of cancer stem-like cells, including anchorage-independent growth, elevated CD133 expression, and drug resistance. These changes in the properties of cancer cells depend on: (i) the muscle cell-induced increases in the concentrations of interleukins 4 and 13; (ii) the cytokine-induced upregulation of the expression of syncytin 1 and annexin A5; and (iii) cancer cell fusion. In human prostate cancer tissues, expression of syncytin 1 and annexin A5, proteins that we found to be required for the cell fusion, positively correlated with the cancer development suggesting that these proteins can be used as biomarkers to evaluate cancer progression and potential therapeutic targets. IMPLICATIONS: The discovered effects of muscle cells on prostate cancer cells reveal a novel and specific pathway by which muscle cells in the microenvironment of prostate cancer cells promote cell fusion and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Uygur
- Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Evgenia Leikina
- Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kamran Melikov
- Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Santosh K Verma
- Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Calvin P H Vary
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Leonid V Chernomordik
- Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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20
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Yuan C, Freeman BT, McArdle TJ, Jung JP, Ogle BM. Conserved pathway activation following xenogeneic, heterotypic fusion. FASEB J 2019; 33:6767-6777. [PMID: 30807240 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801700r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fusion between cells of different organisms (i.e., xenogeneic hybrids) can occur, and for humans this may occur in the course of tissue transplantation, animal handling, and food production. Previous work shows that conferred advantages are rare in xenogeneic hybrids, whereas risks of cellular dysregulation are high. Here, we explore the transcriptome of individual xenogeneic hybrids of human mesenchymal stem cells and murine cardiomyocytes soon after fusion and ask whether the process is stochastic or involves conserved pathway activation. Toward this end, single-cell RNA sequencing was used to analyze the transcriptomes of hybrid cells with respect to the human and mouse genomes. Consistent with previous work, hybrids possessed a unique transcriptome distinct from either fusion partner but were dominated by the cardiomyocyte transcriptome. New in this work is the documentation that a few genes that were latent in both fusion partners were consistently expressed in hybrids. Specifically, human growth hormone 1, murine ribosomal protein S27, and murine ATP synthase H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex subunit C2 were expressed in nearly all hybrids. The consistent activation of latent genes between hybrids suggests conserved signaling mechanisms that either cause or are the consequence of fusion of these 2 cell types and might serve as a target for limiting unwanted xenogeneic fusion in the future.-Yuan, C., Freeman, B. T., McArdle, T. J., Jung, J. P., Ogle, B. M. Conserved pathway activation following xenogeneic, heterotypic fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Yuan
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Brian T Freeman
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tanner J McArdle
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jangwook P Jung
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Brenda M Ogle
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; and.,Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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21
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Shoaito H, Petit J, Chissey A, Auzeil N, Guibourdenche J, Gil S, Laprévote O, Fournier T, Degrelle SA. The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) in Mono(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (MEHP)-Mediated Cytotrophoblast Differentiation. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:27003. [PMID: 30810372 PMCID: PMC6752943 DOI: 10.1289/ehp3730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates are environmental contaminants commonly used as plasticizers in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products. Recently, exposure to phthalates has been associated with preterm birth, low birth weight, and pregnancy loss. There is limited information about the possible mechanisms linking maternal phthalate exposure and placental development, but one such mechanism may be mediated by peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPARγ). PPARγ belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily that regulates, in a ligand-dependent manner, the transcription of target genes. Studies of PPARγ-deficient mice have demonstrated its essential role in lipid metabolism and placental development. In the human placenta, PPARγ is expressed in the villous cytotrophoblast (VCT) and is activated during its differentiation into syncytiotrophoblast. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to investigate the action of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) on PPARγ activity during in vitro differentiation of VCTs. METHODS We combined immunofluorescence, PPARγ activity/hCG assays, western blotting, and lipidomics analyses to characterize the impacts of physiologically relevant concentrations of MEHP (0.1, 1, and 10 μM) on cultured VCTs isolated from human term placentas. RESULTS Doses of 0.1 and 1 μM MEHP showed significantly lower PPARγ activity and less VCT differentiation in comparison with controls, whereas, surprisingly, a 10 μM dose had the opposite effect. MEHP exposure inhibited hCG production and significantly altered lipid composition. In addition, MEHP had significant effects on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that MEHP has a U-shaped dose–response effect on trophoblast differentiation that is mediated by the PPARγ pathway and acts as an endocrine disruptor in the human placenta. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3730.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Shoaito
- UMR-S1139, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Institut national de la santé et de la recherché médicale (Inserm, National Institute of Health & Medical Research), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Julia Petit
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- UMR 8638, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (Cnrs, National Center for Scientific Research), Paris, France
| | - Audrey Chissey
- UMR-S1139, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Institut national de la santé et de la recherché médicale (Inserm, National Institute of Health & Medical Research), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Auzeil
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- UMR 8638, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (Cnrs, National Center for Scientific Research), Paris, France
| | - Jean Guibourdenche
- UMR-S1139, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Institut national de la santé et de la recherché médicale (Inserm, National Institute of Health & Medical Research), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Fondation PremUp, Paris, France
- Department of Biological Endocrinology, CHU Cochin, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Sophie Gil
- UMR-S1139, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Institut national de la santé et de la recherché médicale (Inserm, National Institute of Health & Medical Research), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Fondation PremUp, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Laprévote
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- UMR 8638, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (Cnrs, National Center for Scientific Research), Paris, France
- Department of Biochemistry, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Fournier
- UMR-S1139, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Institut national de la santé et de la recherché médicale (Inserm, National Institute of Health & Medical Research), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Fondation PremUp, Paris, France
| | - Séverine A. Degrelle
- UMR-S1139, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Institut national de la santé et de la recherché médicale (Inserm, National Institute of Health & Medical Research), Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Fondation PremUp, Paris, France
- Inovarion, Paris, France
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22
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Approach for differentiating trophoblast cell lineage from human induced pluripotent stem cells with retinoic acid in the absence of bone morphogenetic protein 4. Placenta 2018; 71:24-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Danisik H, Bogdanova N, Markoff A. Micromolar Zinc in Annexin A5 Anticoagulation as a Potential Remedy for RPRGL3-Associated Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:348-356. [PMID: 29716435 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118773497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deficient expression of the placental anticoagulant annexin A5 (ANXA5) has been associated with thrombophilia-related pregnancy complications and ultimately with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Carrier status of M2/ANXA5 ( RPRGL3), common ANXA5 promoter variant, has been identified as genetic cause of reduced ANXA5 levels and proposed as biomarker for successful anticoagulant treatment of RPL women. A murine model of AnxA5 loss of function displayed characteristic placental pathology and fetal loss that was alleviated through anticoagulant intervention. This study identified an alternative means of supplementing anticoagulation, through elevated ANXA5 expression. Physiological micromolar Zn2+ stimulated ANXA5 transcription, raising ANXA5 protein expression and surface abundance on BeWo and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), thus resulting in prolonged coagulation times. Zn2-fed AnxA5 functionally deficient pregnant mice showed a trend to increase litter size when primiparous that grew comparable to wild-type progeny in subsequent pregnancies. Elevated AnxA5 signal upon Zn2+ treatment was confirmed in murine placentae. Micromolar Zn2+ stimulated ANXA5 expression in cell culture directly and alleviated RPL in AnxA5 genetically deficient mice, without notable toxicity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayrünnisa Danisik
- 1 Institute of Human Genetics, University Clinic Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Nadia Bogdanova
- 1 Institute of Human Genetics, University Clinic Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Arseni Markoff
- 1 Institute of Human Genetics, University Clinic Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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RNA-Seq identifies genes whose proteins are transformative in the differentiation of cytotrophoblast to syncytiotrophoblast, in human primary villous and BeWo trophoblasts. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5142. [PMID: 29572450 PMCID: PMC5865118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23379-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The fusion of villous cytotrophoblasts into the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast is critical for the essential functions of the mammalian placenta. Using RNA-Seq gene expression and quantitative protein expression, we identified genes and their cognate proteins which are coordinately up- or down-regulated in two cellular models of cytotrophoblast to syncytiotrophoblast development, human primary villous and human BeWo cytotrophoblasts. These include hCGβ, TREML2, PAM, CRIP2, INHA, FLRG, SERPINF1, C17orf96, KRT17 and SAA1. These findings provide avenues for further understanding the mechanisms underlying mammalian placental synctiotrophoblast development.
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Use of GATA3 and TWIST1 Immunofluorescence Staining to Assess In Vitro Syncytial Fusion Index. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1710:165-171. [PMID: 29197002 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7498-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In human placenta, the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast (ST) allows all the exchanges between the maternal and fetal circulation and is also the site of placental hormonal functions. Absence or disturbances of ST formation are associated with a defect or pathologies of pregnancy such as preeclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). All along pregnancy, the ST is regenerated by fusion of underlying mononucleated villous cytotrophoblasts (VCT). The protocol described here provides details on how GATA3 or TWIST1 immunostaining and analysis can be used to easily assess the in vitro differentiation of human placental cytotrophoblast.
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Verma SK, Leikina E, Melikov K, Gebert C, Kram V, Young MF, Uygur B, Chernomordik LV. Cell-surface phosphatidylserine regulates osteoclast precursor fusion. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:254-270. [PMID: 29101233 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.809681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone-resorbing multinucleated osteoclasts that play a central role in the maintenance and repair of our bones are formed from bone marrow myeloid progenitor cells by a complex differentiation process that culminates in fusion of mononuclear osteoclast precursors. In this study, we uncoupled the cell fusion step from both pre-fusion stages of osteoclastogenic differentiation and the post-fusion expansion of the nascent fusion connections. We accumulated ready-to-fuse cells in the presence of the fusion inhibitor lysophosphatidylcholine and then removed the inhibitor to study synchronized cell fusion. We found that osteoclast fusion required the dendrocyte-expressed seven transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP)-dependent non-apoptotic exposure of phosphatidylserine at the surface of fusion-committed cells. Fusion also depended on extracellular annexins, phosphatidylserine-binding proteins, which, along with annexin-binding protein S100A4, regulated fusogenic activity of syncytin 1. Thus, in contrast to fusion processes mediated by a single protein, such as epithelial cell fusion in Caenorhabditis elegans, the cell fusion step in osteoclastogenesis is controlled by phosphatidylserine-regulated activity of several proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Verma
- Sections on Membrane Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Evgenia Leikina
- Sections on Membrane Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Kamran Melikov
- Sections on Membrane Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Claudia Gebert
- Genomic Imprinting, Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Vardit Kram
- Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Marian F Young
- Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Berna Uygur
- Sections on Membrane Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Leonid V Chernomordik
- Sections on Membrane Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
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New Transcriptional Reporters to Quantify and Monitor PPAR γ Activity. PPAR Res 2017; 2017:6139107. [PMID: 29225614 PMCID: PMC5684601 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6139107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that plays a critical role in diverse biological processes, including adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and placental development. To study the activity of PPARγ, we constructed two new reporter genes: a fluorescent GFP-tagged histone-2B (PPRE-H2B-eGFP) and a secreted nanoluciferase (PPRE-pNL1.3[secNluc]). This study demonstrates their usage to monitor PPARγ activity in different cell types and screen for PPARγ's potential ligands.
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