1
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Fitzpatrick X, Fayzullin A, Wang G, Parker L, Dokos S, Guller A. Cells-in-Touch: 3D Printing in Reconstruction and Modelling of Microscopic Biological Geometries for Education and Future Research Applications. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:687. [PMID: 37370618 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10060687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (3D printing) and computer-aided design (CAD) still have limited uptake in biomedical and bioengineering research and education, despite the significant potential of these technologies. The utility of organ-scale 3D-printed models of living structures is widely appreciated, while the workflows for microscopy data translation into tactile accessible replicas are not well developed yet. Here, we demonstrate an accessible and reproducible CAD-based methodology for generating 3D-printed scalable models of human cells cultured in vitro and imaged using conventional scanning confocal microscopy with fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing. We termed this technology CiTo-3DP (Cells-in-Touch for 3D Printing). As a proof-of-concept, we created dismountable CiTo-3DP models of human epithelial, mesenchymal, and neural cells by using selectively stained nuclei and cytoskeletal components. We also provide educational and research context for the presented cellular models. In the future, the CiTo-3DP approach can be adapted to different imaging and 3D printing modalities and comprehensively present various cell types, subcellular structures, and extracellular matrices. The resulting CAD and 3D printed models could be used for a broad spectrum of education and research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Fitzpatrick
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Alexey Fayzullin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gonglei Wang
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Lindsay Parker
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Socrates Dokos
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Anna Guller
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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2
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Lempereur S, Machado E, Licata F, Simion M, Buzer L, Robineau I, Hémon J, Banerjee P, De Crozé N, Léonard M, Affaticati P, Talbot H, Joly JS. ZeBraInspector, a platform for the automated segmentation and analysis of body and brain volumes in whole 5 days post-fertilization zebrafish following simultaneous visualization with identical orientations. Dev Biol 2022; 490:86-99. [PMID: 35841952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the zebrafish has become a well-established laboratory model. We describe here the ZeBraInspector (ZBI) platform for high-content 3D imaging (HCI) of 5 days post-fertilization zebrafish eleuthero-embryos (EEs). This platform includes a mounting method based on 3D-printed stamps to create a grid of wells in an agarose cast, facilitating batch acquisitions with a fast-confocal laser scanning microscope. We describe reference labeling in cleared fish with a fluorescent lipophilic dye. Based on this labeling, the ZBI software registers. EE 3D images, making it possible to visualize numerous identically oriented EEs on a single screen, and to compare their morphologies and any fluorescent patterns at a glance. High-resolution 2D snapshots can be extracted. ZBI software is therefore useful for diverse high-content analyses (HCAs). Following automated segmentation of the lipophilic dye signal, the ZBI software performs volumetric analyses on whole EEs and their nervous system white matter. Through two examples, we illustrate the power of these analyses for obtaining statistically significant results from a small number of samples: the characterization of a phenotype associated with a neurodevelopmental mutation, and of the defects caused by treatments with a toxic anti-cancer compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Lempereur
- LIGM, Univ Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, ESIEE Paris, F-77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France; Tefor Paris-Saclay, UMS 2010, CNRS, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France.
| | - Elodie Machado
- Tefor Paris-Saclay, UMS 2010, CNRS, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Fabrice Licata
- Tefor Paris-Saclay, UMS 2010, CNRS, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Matthieu Simion
- Tefor Paris-Saclay, UMS 2010, CNRS, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Lilian Buzer
- LIGM, Univ Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, ESIEE Paris, F-77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Isabelle Robineau
- Tefor Paris-Saclay, UMS 2010, CNRS, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Julien Hémon
- Tefor Paris-Saclay, UMS 2010, CNRS, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Payel Banerjee
- Tefor Paris-Saclay, UMS 2010, CNRS, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | | | - Marc Léonard
- L'Oréal, Research & Innovation, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - Pierre Affaticati
- Tefor Paris-Saclay, UMS 2010, CNRS, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Hugues Talbot
- LIGM, Univ Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, ESIEE Paris, F-77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Centrale Supélec, INRIA, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Stéphane Joly
- Tefor Paris-Saclay, UMS 2010, CNRS, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France.
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3
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Goss S, Barba Bazan C, Neuman K, Peng C, Begeja N, Suart CE, Truant R. Mod3D: A low-cost, flexible modular system of live-cell microscopy chambers and holders. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269345. [PMID: 35657927 PMCID: PMC9165904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Live-cell microscopy imaging typically involves the use of high-quality glass-bottom chambers that allow cell culture, gaseous buffer exchange and optical properties suitable for microscopy applications. However, commercial sources of these chambers can add significant annual costs to cell biology laboratories. Consumer products in three-dimensional printing technology, for both Filament Deposition Modeling (FDM) and Masked Stereo Lithography (MSLA), have resulted in more biomedical research labs adopting the use of these devices for prototyping and manufacturing of lab plastic-based items, but rarely consumables. Here we describe a modular, live-cell chamber with multiple design options that can be mixed per experiment. Single reusable carriers and the use of biodegradable plastics, in a hybrid of FDM and MSLA manufacturing methods, reduce plastic waste. The system is easy to adapt to bespoke designs, with concept-to-prototype in a single day, offers significant cost savings to the users over commercial sources, and no loss in dimensional quality or reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan Goss
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carlos Barba Bazan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaitlyn Neuman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christina Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nola Begeja
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Celeste Elisabeth Suart
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ray Truant
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Center for Advanced Light Microscopy (CALM), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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4
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Del Rosario M, Heil HS, Mendes A, Saggiomo V, Henriques R. The Field Guide to 3D Printing in Optical Microscopy for Life Sciences. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2100994. [PMID: 34693666 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202100994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The maker movement has reached the optics labs, empowering researchers to create and modify microscope designs and imaging accessories. 3D printing has a disruptive impact on the field, improving accessibility to fabrication technologies in additive manufacturing. This approach is particularly useful for rapid, low-cost prototyping, allowing unprecedented levels of productivity and accessibility. From inexpensive microscopes for education such as the FlyPi to the highly complex robotic microscope OpenFlexure, 3D printing is paving the way for the democratization of technology, promoting collaborative environments between researchers, as 3D designs are easily shared. This holds the unique possibility of extending the open-access concept from knowledge to technology, allowing researchers everywhere to use and extend model structures. Here, it is presented a review of additive manufacturing applications in optical microscopy for life sciences, guiding the user through this new and exciting technology and providing a starting point to anyone willing to employ this versatile and powerful new tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Del Rosario
- Optical Cell Biology, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Hannah S Heil
- Optical Cell Biology, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Afonso Mendes
- Optical Cell Biology, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Vittorio Saggiomo
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708WG, The Netherlands
| | - Ricardo Henriques
- Optical Cell Biology, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, 2780-156, Portugal
- Quantitative Imaging and Nanobiophysics, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
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5
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Badon A, Andrique L, Mombereau A, Rivet L, Boyreau A, Nassoy P, Recher G. The Incubascope: a simple, compact and large field of view microscope for long-term imaging inside an incubator. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211444. [PMID: 35154792 PMCID: PMC8826139 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Optical imaging has rapidly evolved in the last decades. Sophisticated microscopes allowing optical sectioning for three-dimensional imaging or sub-diffraction resolution are available. Due to price and maintenance issues, these microscopes are often shared between users in facilities. Consequently, long-term access is often prohibited and does not allow to monitor slowly evolving biological systems or to validate new models like organoids. Preliminary coarse long-term data that do not require acquisition of terabytes of high-resolution images are important as a first step. By contrast with expensive all-in-one commercialized stations, standard microscopes equipped with incubator stages offer a more cost-effective solution despite imperfect long-run atmosphere and temperature control. Here, we present the Incubascope, a custom-made compact microscope that fits into a table-top incubator. It is cheap and simple to implement, user-friendly and yet provides high imaging performances. The system has a field of view of 5.5 × 8 mm2, a 3 μm resolution, a 10 frames per second acquisition rate, and is controlled with a Python-based graphical interface. We exemplify the capabilities of the Incubascope on biological applications such as the hatching of Artemia salina eggs, the growth of the slime mould Physarum polycephalum and of encapsulated spheroids of mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Badon
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, University Bordeaux, Talence 33400, France
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School and CNRS UMR 5298, Talence 33400, France
| | - L. Andrique
- TBMCore VoxCell Facility, University Bordeaux, UMS CNRS 3427, Inserm US 005, Bordeaux 33076, France
| | - A. Mombereau
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, University Bordeaux, Talence 33400, France
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School and CNRS UMR 5298, Talence 33400, France
| | - L. Rivet
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, University Bordeaux, Talence 33400, France
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School and CNRS UMR 5298, Talence 33400, France
| | - A. Boyreau
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, University Bordeaux, Talence 33400, France
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School and CNRS UMR 5298, Talence 33400, France
| | - P. Nassoy
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, University Bordeaux, Talence 33400, France
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School and CNRS UMR 5298, Talence 33400, France
| | - G. Recher
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, University Bordeaux, Talence 33400, France
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School and CNRS UMR 5298, Talence 33400, France
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6
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Bélanger E, Benadiba C, Rioux-Pellerin É, Becq F, Jourdain P, Marquet P. Engineered fluidic device to achieve multiplexed monitoring of cell cultures with digital holographic microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:414-426. [PMID: 35201218 DOI: 10.1364/oe.444701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a low-cost, 3D-printed, and biocompatible fluidic device, engineered to produce laminar and homogeneous flow over a large field-of-view. Such a fluidic device allows us to perform multiplexed temporal monitoring of cell cultures compatible with the use of various pharmacological protocols. Therefore, specific properties of each of the observed cell cultures can be discriminated simultaneously during the same experiment. This was illustrated by monitoring the agonists-mediated cellular responses, with digital holographic microscopy, of four different cell culture models of cystic fibrosis. Quantitatively speaking, this multiplexed approach provides a time saving factor of around four to reveal specific cellular features.
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7
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Ly VT, Baudin PV, Pansodtee P, Jung EA, Voitiuk K, Rosen YM, Willsey HR, Mantalas GL, Seiler ST, Selberg JA, Cordero SA, Ross JM, Rolandi M, Pollen AA, Nowakowski TJ, Haussler D, Mostajo-Radji MA, Salama SR, Teodorescu M. Picroscope: low-cost system for simultaneous longitudinal biological imaging. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1261. [PMID: 34737378 PMCID: PMC8569150 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous longitudinal imaging across multiple conditions and replicates has been crucial for scientific studies aiming to understand biological processes and disease. Yet, imaging systems capable of accomplishing these tasks are economically unattainable for most academic and teaching laboratories around the world. Here, we propose the Picroscope, which is the first low-cost system for simultaneous longitudinal biological imaging made primarily using off-the-shelf and 3D-printed materials. The Picroscope is compatible with standard 24-well cell culture plates and captures 3D z-stack image data. The Picroscope can be controlled remotely, allowing for automatic imaging with minimal intervention from the investigator. Here, we use this system in a range of applications. We gathered longitudinal whole organism image data for frogs, zebrafish, and planaria worms. We also gathered image data inside an incubator to observe 2D monolayers and 3D mammalian tissue culture models. Using this tool, we can measure the behavior of entire organisms or individual cells over long-time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria T Ly
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.
| | - Pierre V Baudin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Pattawong Pansodtee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Erik A Jung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Kateryna Voitiuk
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Yohei M Rosen
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Helen Rankin Willsey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Gary L Mantalas
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Spencer T Seiler
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - John A Selberg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Sergio A Cordero
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Jayden M Ross
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Alex A Pollen
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Tomasz J Nowakowski
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - David Haussler
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Mohammed A Mostajo-Radji
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Sofie R Salama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Mircea Teodorescu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.
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8
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Zaucker A, Mitchell CA, Coker HLE, Sampath K. Tools to Image Germplasm Dynamics During Early Zebrafish Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:712503. [PMID: 34485299 PMCID: PMC8414583 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.712503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the first day of zebrafish development, ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes called germplasm form large aggregates that initially segregate asymmetrically during cleavage stages. After zygotic genome activation, the granules break into smaller fragments that associate with the nuclear membrane as perinuclear (germ) granules toward the end of gastrulation. The mechanisms underlying the highly dynamic behavior of germ granules are not well studied but thought to be facilitated by the cytoskeleton. Here, we present efficient mounting strategies using 3d-printed tools that generate wells on agarose-coated sample holders to allow high-resolution imaging of multiplexed embryos that are less than one day post-fertilization (dpf) on inverted (spinning disk confocal) as well as upright (lattice light-sheet and diSPIM) microscopes. In particular, our tools and methodology allow water dipping lenses to have direct access to mounted embryos, with no obstructions to the light path (e.g., through low melting agarose or methyl cellulose). Moreover, the multiplexed tight arrays of wells generated by our tools facilitate efficient mounting of early embryos (including cleavage stages) for live imaging. These methods and tools, together with new transgenic reporter lines, can facilitate the study of germ granule dynamics throughout their lifetime in detail, at high resolution and throughput, using live imaging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zaucker
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Claire A Mitchell
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Helena L E Coker
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Karuna Sampath
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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9
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Priyadarshini BM, Dikshit V, Zhang Y. 3D-printed Bioreactors for In Vitro Modeling and Analysis. Int J Bioprint 2020; 6:267. [PMID: 33088992 PMCID: PMC7557350 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v6i4.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) printing has markedly enhanced the functionality of bioreactors by offering the capability of manufacturing intricate architectures, which changes the way of conducting in vitro biomodeling and bioanalysis. As 3D-printing technologies become increasingly mature, the architecture of 3D-printed bioreactors can be tailored to specific applications using different printing approaches to create an optimal environment for bioreactions. Multiple functional components have been combined into a single bioreactor fabricated by 3D-printing, and this fully functional integrated bioreactor outperforms traditional methods. Notably, several 3D-printed bioreactors systems have demonstrated improved performance in tissue engineering and drug screening due to their 3D cell culture microenvironment with precise spatial control and biological compatibility. Moreover, many microbial bioreactors have also been proposed to address the problems concerning pathogen detection, biofouling, and diagnosis of infectious diseases. This review offers a reasonably comprehensive review of 3D-printed bioreactors for in vitro biological applications. We compare the functions of bioreactors fabricated by various 3D-printing modalities and highlight the benefit of 3D-printed bioreactors compared to traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vishwesh Dikshit
- HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yi Zhang
- HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, 639798, Singapore.,School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, 639798, Singapore
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10
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Tepperman A, Zheng DJ, Taka MA, Vrieze A, Le Lam A, Heit B. Customizable live-cell imaging chambers for multimodal and multiplex fluorescence microscopy. Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 98:612-623. [PMID: 32339465 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2020-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Using multiple imaging modalities while performing independent experiments in parallel can greatly enhance the throughput of microscopy-based research, but requires the provision of appropriate experimental conditions in a format that meets the optical requirements of the microscope. Although customized imaging chambers can meet these challenges, the difficulty of manufacturing custom chambers and the relatively high cost and design inflexibility of commercial chambers has limited the adoption of this approach. Herein, we demonstrate the use of 3D printing to produce inexpensive, customized, live-cell imaging chambers that are compatible with a range of imaging modalities, including super-resolution microscopy. In this approach, biocompatible plastics are used to print imaging chambers designed to meet the specific needs of an experiment, followed by adhesion of the printed chamber to a glass coverslip, producing a chamber that is impermeant to liquids and that supports the growth and imaging of cells over multiple days. This approach can also be used to produce moulds for casting microfluidic devices made of polydimethylsiloxane. The utility of these chambers is demonstrated using designs for multiplex microscopy, imaging under shear, chemotaxis, and general cellular imaging. Together, this approach represents an inexpensive yet highly customizable approach for producing imaging chambers that are compatible with modern microscopy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Tepperman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - David Jiao Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Maria Abou Taka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Angela Vrieze
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Austin Le Lam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Bryan Heit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Kleinhans DS, Lecaudey V. Standardized mounting method of (zebrafish) embryos using a 3D-printed stamp for high-content, semi-automated confocal imaging. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:68. [PMID: 31640669 PMCID: PMC6805687 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0558-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Developmental biology relies to a large extent on the observation and comparison of phenotypic traits through time using high resolution microscopes. In this context, transparent model organisms such as the zebrafish Danio rerio in which developing tissues and organs can be easily observed and imaged using fluorescent proteins have become very popular. One limiting factor however is the acquisition of a sufficient amount of data, in standardized and reproducible conditions, to allow robust quantitative analysis. One way to improve this is by developing mounting methods to increase the number of embryos that can be imaged simultaneously in near-to-identical orientation. Results Here we present an improved mounting method allowing semi-automated and high-content imaging of zebrafish embryos. It is based on a 3D-printed stamp which is used to create a 2D coordinate system of multiple μ-wells in an agarose cast. Each μ-well models a negative of the average zebrafish embryo morphology between 22 and 96 h-post-fertilization. Due to this standardized and reproducible arrangement, it is possible to define a custom well plate in the respective imaging software that allows for a semi-automated imaging process. Furthermore, the improvement in Z-orientation significantly reduces post-processing and improves comparability of volumetric data while reducing light exposure and thus photo-bleaching and photo-toxicity, and improving signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Conclusions We present here a new method that allows to standardize and improve mounting and imaging of embryos. The 3D-printed stamp creates a 2D coordinate system of μ-wells in an agarose cast thus standardizing specimen mounting and allowing high-content imaging of up to 44 live or mounted zebrafish embryos simultaneously in a semi-automated, well-plate like manner on inverted confocal microscopes. In summary, image data quality and acquisition efficiency (amount of data per time) are significantly improved. The latter might also be crucial when using the services of a microscopy facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Simon Kleinhans
- Department of Developmental Biology of Vertebrates, Institute for Cell biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Virginie Lecaudey
- Department of Developmental Biology of Vertebrates, Institute for Cell biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Andrique L, Recher G, Alessandri K, Pujol N, Feyeux M, Bon P, Cognet L, Nassoy P, Bikfalvi A. A model of guided cell self-organization for rapid and spontaneous formation of functional vessels. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau6562. [PMID: 31206014 PMCID: PMC6561743 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau6562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Most achievements to engineer blood vessels are based on multiple-step manipulations such as manual sheet rolling or sequential cell seeding followed by scaffold degradation. Here, we propose a one-step strategy using a microfluidic coextrusion device to produce mature functional blood vessels. A hollow alginate hydrogel tube is internally coated with extracellular matrix to direct the self-assembly of a mixture of endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The resulting vascular structure has the correct configuration of lumen, an inner lining of ECs, and outer sheath of SMCs. These "vesseloids" reach homeostasis within a day and exhibit the following properties expected for functional vessels (i) quiescence, (ii) perfusability, and (iii) contractility in response to vasoconstrictor agents. Together, these findings provide an original and simple strategy to generate functional artificial vessels and pave the way for further developments in vascular graft and tissue engineering and for deciphering the angiogenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Andrique
- LAMC, Laboratoire de l’Angiogenèse et du Microenvironnement des Cancers (Inserm U1029) F-33170 Pessac, France
- Université de Bordeaux, F-33170 Pessac, France
| | - G. Recher
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School & CNRS UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - K. Alessandri
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School & CNRS UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - N. Pujol
- LAMC, Laboratoire de l’Angiogenèse et du Microenvironnement des Cancers (Inserm U1029) F-33170 Pessac, France
- Université de Bordeaux, F-33170 Pessac, France
| | - M. Feyeux
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School & CNRS UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - P. Bon
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School & CNRS UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - L. Cognet
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School & CNRS UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - P. Nassoy
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School & CNRS UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - A. Bikfalvi
- LAMC, Laboratoire de l’Angiogenèse et du Microenvironnement des Cancers (Inserm U1029) F-33170 Pessac, France
- Université de Bordeaux, F-33170 Pessac, France
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Pandey G, Westhoff JH, Schaefer F, Gehrig J. A Smart Imaging Workflow for Organ-Specific Screening in a Cystic Kidney Zebrafish Disease Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061290. [PMID: 30875791 PMCID: PMC6471943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish is being increasingly used in biomedical research and drug discovery to conduct large-scale compound screening. However, there is a lack of accessible methodologies to enable automated imaging and scoring of tissue-specific phenotypes at enhanced resolution. Here, we present the development of an automated imaging pipeline to identify chemical modifiers of glomerular cyst formation in a zebrafish model for human cystic kidney disease. Morpholino-mediated knockdown of intraflagellar transport protein Ift172 in Tg(wt1b:EGFP) embryos was used to induce large glomerular cysts representing a robustly scorable phenotypic readout. Compound-treated embryos were consistently aligned within the cavities of agarose-filled microplates. By interfacing feature detection algorithms with automated microscopy, a smart imaging workflow for detection, centring and zooming in on regions of interests was established, which enabled the automated capturing of standardised higher resolution datasets of pronephric areas. High-content screening datasets were processed and analysed using custom-developed heuristic algorithms implemented in common open-source image analysis software. The workflow enables highly efficient profiling of entire compound libraries and scoring of kidney-specific morphological phenotypes in thousands of zebrafish embryos. The demonstrated toolset covers all the aspects of a complex whole organism screening assay and can be adapted to other organs, specimens or applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Pandey
- Acquifer is a division of Ditabis, Digital Biomedical Imaging Systems AG, 75179 Pforzheim, Germany.
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jens H Westhoff
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Franz Schaefer
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jochen Gehrig
- Acquifer is a division of Ditabis, Digital Biomedical Imaging Systems AG, 75179 Pforzheim, Germany.
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Lerman MJ, Lembong J, Gillen G, Fisher JP. 3D printing in cell culture systems and medical applications. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2018; 5:041109. [PMID: 32550961 PMCID: PMC7187884 DOI: 10.1063/1.5046087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
3D printing plays an important role in various biomedical research applications including, but not limited to, culture systems and implantable devices. In this review, we discuss recent development in the applications of 3D printing technologies for clinically motivated research, particularly focusing on the fabrication of constructs subsequently incorporated with cells. Applications of this technology include pharmaceutical delivery, bioreactor culture platforms, acellular scaffolds, imaging modalities, and organ-on-a chip systems. Emphasis is placed on technological developments not possible without 3D printing technologies: where traditional manufacturing approaches would be cumbersome to demonstrate research objectives. The clinical applications of 3D printing are rapidly moving from the research to production phases and will certainly continue to grow, with ever increasing numbers of therapies becoming commercialized. The work discussed here holds promise for various applications in structural improvements, drug delivery, and physiology research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Greg Gillen
- Surface and Trace Chemical Analysis Group, Materials
Measurement Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology,
Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - John P. Fisher
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: .
Tel.: 301 314 2188. Fax: 301 405 9953. URL: https://cect.umd.edu
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15
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Seyfoori A, Samiei E, Jalili N, Godau B, Rahmanian M, Farahmand L, Majidzadeh-A K, Akbari M. Self-filling microwell arrays (SFMAs) for tumor spheroid formation. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3516-3528. [PMID: 30357219 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00708j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor spheroid formation in microwell arrays is a promising approach for high-throughput screening of chemotherapeutic agents. This method offers the advantage of better mimicking the complexities of tumors as compared to conventional monolayer culture systems. However, using these technologies to their full potential is hindered by the inability to seed the cells within the wells uniformly and with high yield and reproducibility. Moreover, standard manufacturing approaches for fabrication of microwell arrays rely on lithography and etching techniques, which are costly, labor-intensive, and time-consuming. Herein, we report on the development of self-filling microwell arrays (SFMAs) in which cells are directed from a loading chamber to microwells using inclined guiding channels. The SFMAs are fabricated by replica molding of three-dimensionally (3D) printed molds in agarose. We characterize the fabrication process, demonstrate the ability to culture breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 and glioma U87 in SFMAs and perform drug toxicity studies. We envision that the proposed innovative approach opens avenues of opportunities for high-throughput three-dimensional cell culture for drug screening and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Seyfoori
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Zebrafish: an emerging real-time model system to study Alzheimer's disease and neurospecific drug discovery. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:45. [PMID: 30302279 PMCID: PMC6170431 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is emerging as an increasingly successful model for translational research on human neurological disorders. In this review, we appraise the high degree of neurological and behavioural resemblance of zebrafish with humans. It is highly validated as a powerful vertebrate model for investigating human neurodegenerative diseases. The neuroanatomic and neurochemical pathways of zebrafish brain exhibit a profound resemblance with the human brain. Physiological, emotional and social behavioural pattern similarities between them have also been well established. Interestingly, zebrafish models have been used successfully to simulate the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as well as Tauopathy. Their relatively simple nervous system and the optical transparency of the embryos permit real-time neurological imaging. Here, we further elaborate on the use of recent real-time imaging techniques to obtain vital insights into the neurodegeneration that occurs in AD. Zebrafish is adeptly suitable for Ca2+ imaging, which provides a better understanding of neuronal activity and axonal dystrophy in a non-invasive manner. Three-dimensional imaging in zebrafish is a rapidly evolving technique, which allows the visualisation of the whole organism for an elaborate in vivo functional and neurophysiological analysis in disease condition. Suitability to high-throughput screening and similarity with humans makes zebrafish an excellent model for screening neurospecific compounds. Thus, the zebrafish model can be pivotal in bridging the gap from the bench to the bedside. This fish is becoming an increasingly successful model to understand AD with further scope for investigation in neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration, which promises exciting research opportunities in the future.
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Dixit C, Kadimisetty K, Rusling J. 3D-printed miniaturized fluidic tools in chemistry and biology. Trends Analyt Chem 2018; 106:37-52. [PMID: 32296252 PMCID: PMC7158885 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
3D printing (3DP), an additive manufacturing (AM) approach allowing for rapid prototyping and decentralized fabrication on-demand, has become a common method for creating parts or whole devices. The wide scope of the AM extends from organized sectors of construction, ornament, medical, and R&D industries to individual explorers attributed to the low cost, high quality printers along with revolutionary tools and polymers. While progress is being made but big manufacturing challenges are still there. Considering the quickly shifting narrative towards miniaturized analytical systems (MAS) we focus on the development/rapid prototyping and manufacturing of MAS with 3DP, and application dependent challenges in engineering designs and choice of the polymeric materials and provide an exhaustive background to the applications of 3DP in biology and chemistry. This will allow readers to perceive the most important features of AM in creating (i) various individual and modular components, and (ii) complete integrated tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.K. Dixit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, United States
| | - K. Kadimisetty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, United States
| | - J. Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, United States
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3136, United States
- Department of Surgery and Neag Cancer Centre, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, United States
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Galway, Ireland
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18
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Donoughe S, Kim C, Extavour CG. High-throughput live-imaging of embryos in microwell arrays using a modular specimen mounting system. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio031260. [PMID: 29712638 PMCID: PMC6078342 DOI: 10.1242/bio.031260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput live-imaging of embryos is an essential technique in developmental biology, but it is difficult and costly to mount and image embryos in consistent conditions. Here, we present OMMAwell, a simple, reusable device to easily mount dozens of embryos in arrays of agarose microwells with customizable dimensions and spacing. OMMAwell can be configured to mount specimens for upright or inverted microscopes, and includes a reservoir to hold live-imaging medium to maintain constant moisture and osmolarity of specimens during time-lapse imaging. All device components can be fabricated by cutting pieces from a sheet of acrylic using a laser cutter or by making them with a 3D printer. We demonstrate how to design a custom mold and use it to live-image dozens of embryos at a time. We include descriptions, schematics, and design files for 13 additional molds for nine animal species, including most major traditional laboratory models and a number of emerging model systems. Finally, we provide instructions for researchers to customize OMMAwell inserts for embryos or tissues not described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Donoughe
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
| | - Chiyoung Kim
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
| | - Cassandra G Extavour
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
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MineLoC: A Rapid Production of Lab-on-a-Chip Biosensors Using 3D Printer and the Sandbox Game, Minecraft. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18061896. [PMID: 29890772 PMCID: PMC6021845 DOI: 10.3390/s18061896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Here, MineLoC is described as a pipeline developed to generate 3D printable models of master templates for Lab-on-a-Chip (LoC) by using a popular multi-player sandbox game “Minecraft”. The user can draw a simple diagram describing the channels and chambers of the Lab-on-a-Chip devices with pre-registered color codes which indicate the height of the generated structure. MineLoC converts the diagram into large chunks of blocks (equal sized cube units composing every object in the game) in the game world. The user and co-workers can simultaneously access the game and edit, modify, or review, which is a feature not generally supported by conventional design software. Once the review is complete, the resultant structure can be exported into a stereolithography (STL) file which can be used in additive manufacturing. Then, the Lab-on-a-Chip device can be fabricated by the standard protocol to produce a Lab-on-a-Chip. The simple polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) device for the bacterial growth measurement used in the previous research was copied by the proposed method. The error calculation by a 3D model comparison showed an accuracy of 86%. It is anticipated that this work will facilitate more use of 3D printer-based Lab-on-a-Chip fabrication, which greatly lowers the entry barrier in the field of Lab-on-a-Chip research.
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