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Qu H, Zhang Y, Shi JH, Zhao YH, Gao J, Gao ZY, Shi DZ. Berberine Decreases Thrombosis Potential Induced by a High-choline Diet by Inhibiting CutC Enzyme. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3844-3856. [PMID: 37226795 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230524142632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gut microbes influence thrombosis potential by generating trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). However, whether the antithrombotic effect of berberine is associated with TMAO generation remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to explore whether berberine decreases the TMAO-induced thrombosis potential and the possible mechanism underneath it. METHODS C57BL/6J female mice under a high-choline diet or standard diet were treated with/without berberine for 6 weeks. The TMAO level, carotid artery occlusion time following FeCl3 injury and platelet responsiveness were measured. The binding of berberine to the CutC enzyme was analysed with molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations were verified with enzyme activity assays. RESULTS The results showed that berberine increased the carotid artery occlusion time following FeCl3 injury and decreased the platelet hyperresponsiveness induced by a high-- choline diet, both offset by intraperitoneal injection of TMAO. The effect of berberine on thrombosis potential was associated with decreasing the generation of TMAO by inhibiting the CutC enzyme. CONCLUSION Targeting TMAO generation with berberine might be a promising therapy for ischaemic cardiac-cerebral vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Heart Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Heart Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-He Shi
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Heart Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Han Zhao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Heart Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Heart Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhu-Ye Gao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Heart Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Da-Zhuo Shi
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Heart Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
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Zhang L, Zheng B, Bai Y, Zhou J, Zhang X, Yang Y, Yu J, Zhao H, Ma D, Wu H, Wen J. Exosomes-transferred LINC00668 Contributes to Thrombosis by Promoting NETs Formation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300560. [PMID: 37590310 PMCID: PMC10558653 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show an association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and increased risk of thrombosis. However, how IBD influences thrombosis remains unknown. The current study shows that formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) significantly increased in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced IBD mice, which in turn, contributes to thrombus formation in a NETs-dependent fashion. Furthermore, the exosomes isolated from the plasma of the IBD mice induce arterial and venous thrombosis in vivo. Importantly, proinflammatory factors-exposed intestinal epithelial cells (inflamed IECs) promote neutrophils to release NETs through their secreted exosomes. RNA sequencing revealed that LINC00668 is highly enriched in the inflamed IECs-derived exosomes. Mechanistically, LINC00668 facilitates the translocation of neutrophil elastase (NE) from the cytoplasmic granules to the nucleus via its interaction with NE in a sequence-specific manner, thereby inducing NETs release and thrombus formation. Importantly, berberine (BBR) suppresses the nuclear translocation of NE and subsequent NETs formation by inhibiting the interaction of LINC00668 with NE, thus exerting its antithrombotic effects. This study provides a novel pathobiological mechanism linking IBD and thrombosis by exosome-mediated NETs formation. Targeting LINC00668 can serve as a novel molecular treatment strategy to treat IBD-related thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular BiologyMinistry of Education of ChinaHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang050017China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular BiologyMinistry of Education of ChinaHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang050017China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular BiologyMinistry of Education of ChinaHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang050017China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of EndocrineThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang050017China
| | - Xin‐hua Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular BiologyMinistry of Education of ChinaHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang050017China
- Institution of Chinese Integrative MedicineHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang050017China
| | - Yu‐qin Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular BiologyMinistry of Education of ChinaHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang050017China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of RespiratoryThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang050017China
| | - Hong‐ye Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular BiologyMinistry of Education of ChinaHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang050017China
| | - Dong Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular BiologyMinistry of Education of ChinaHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang050017China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular BiologyMinistry of Education of ChinaHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang050017China
| | - Jin‐kun Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular BiologyMinistry of Education of ChinaHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang050017China
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Zhu L, Ma SJ, Liu MJ, Li KL, E S, Wang ZM, Li SN, Zhang SL, Cai W. Screening and characterization estrogen receptor ligands from Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst. via affinity ultrafiltration LC-MS and molecular docking. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1012553. [PMID: 36420029 PMCID: PMC9676231 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1012553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Arnebiae Radix (dried root of Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst.) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used to treat macular eruptions, measles, sore throat, carbuncles, burns, skin ulcers, and inflammations. The Arnebiae Radix extract can exert anti-breast cancer effects through various mechanisms of action. This study aimed to rapidly screen potential estrogen receptor (estrogen receptor α and estrogen receptor β) ligands from the Arnebiae Radix extract. In this study, an analytical method based on affinity ultrafiltration coupled with UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry was established for rapidly screening and identifying estrogen receptor ligands. Then, bindings of the components to the active site of estrogen receptor (estrogen receptor α and estrogen receptor β) were investigated via molecular docking. Moreover, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments with six compounds were performed to verify the affinity. As a result, a total of 21 ligands were screened from Arnebiae Radix using affinity ultrafiltration. Among them, 14 and 10 compounds from Arnebiae Radix showed affinity with estrogen receptor α and estrogen receptor β, respectively. All of those ligands could have a good affinity for the multiple amino acid residues of the estrogen receptor based on molecular docking. In addition, six compounds display the great affinity by SPR. The method established in the study could be used to rapidly screen estrogen receptor ligands in Traditional Chinese medicine. The results demonstrated that the affinity ultrafiltration-UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry method not only aids in the interpretation of the potential bioactive components and possible mechanisms of action of Arnebiae Radix but also provides a further effective basis for the quality control of this valuable herb medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zhu
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sino-Pakistan Center on Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Sheng-jun Ma
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ming-juan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sino-Pakistan Center on Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Kai-lin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sino-Pakistan Center on Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Shuai E
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sino-Pakistan Center on Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Zi-ming Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sino-Pakistan Center on Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Sha-ni Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sino-Pakistan Center on Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Sheng-lan Zhang
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sino-Pakistan Center on Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
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Shou JW, Shaw PC. Therapeutic Efficacies of Berberine against Neurological Disorders: An Update of Pharmacological Effects and Mechanisms. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050796. [PMID: 35269418 PMCID: PMC8909195 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are ranked as the leading cause of disability and the second leading cause of death worldwide, underscoring an urgent necessity to develop novel pharmacotherapies. Berberine (BBR) is a well-known phytochemical isolated from a number of medicinal herbs. BBR has attracted much interest for its broad range of pharmacological actions in treating and/or managing neurological disorders. The discoveries in basic and clinical studies of the effects of BBR on neurological disorders in the last decade have provided novel evidence to support the potential therapeutical efficacies of BBR in treating neurological diseases. In this review, we summarized the pharmacological properties and therapeutic applications of BBR against neurological disorders in the last decade. We also emphasized the major pathways modulated by BBR, which provides firm evidence for BBR as a promising drug candidate for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wen Shou
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 852852, China;
| | - Pang-Chui Shaw
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 852852, China;
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R&D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 852852, China
- State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants and Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 852852, China
- Correspondence:
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Xing L, Zhou X, Li AH, Li HJ, He CX, Qin W, Zhao D, Li PQ, Zhu L, Cao HL. Atheroprotective Effects and Molecular Mechanism of Berberine. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:762673. [PMID: 34869592 PMCID: PMC8636941 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.762673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis is the main pathological basis of cardiovascular diseases and it is closely associated with hyperlipidemia, endothelial injury, macrophage-derived foam cells formation, proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), platelet aggregation, and altered gut microbiota. Various symptomatic treatments, that are currently used to inhibit atherosclerosis, need to be administered in long term and their adverse effects cannot be ignored. Berberine (BBR) has beneficial effects on atherosclerosis through regulating multiple aspects of its progression. This review highlights the recent advances in understanding the anti-atherosclerosis mechanism of BBR. BBR alleviated atherosclerosis by attenuation of dyslipidemia, correction of endothelial dysfunction, inhibition of macrophage inflammation and foam cell formation, activation of macrophage autophagy, regulation of the proliferation and migration of VSMCs, attenuation of platelet aggregation, and modulation of gut microbiota. This review would provide a modern scientific perspective to further understanding the molecular mechanism of BBR attenuating atherosclerosis and supply new ideas for atherosclerosis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xing
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ai-Hong Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Herb and Natural Drug Development, Medicine Research Institute, Shaanxi Pharmaceutical Holding Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an, China
| | - Hui-Jin Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chun-Xia He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng-Quan Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui-Ling Cao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Herb and Natural Drug Development, Medicine Research Institute, Shaanxi Pharmaceutical Holding Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an, China
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Wang C, Cheng Y, Zhang Y, Jin H, Zuo Z, Wang A, Huang J, Jiang J, Kong W. Berberine and Its Main Metabolite Berberrubine Inhibit Platelet Activation Through Suppressing the Class I PI3Kβ/Rasa3/Rap1 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:734603. [PMID: 34690771 PMCID: PMC8531212 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.734603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Berberine (BBR), a natural product, was reported to inhibit platelet aggregation; however, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of BBR in inhibiting platelet activation and thrombus formation. Methods: Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and Western blot were used to determine the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of BBR and its main metabolite berberrubine (M2) on platelet activation in vitro and ex vivo. Purified integrin αIIbβ3, class I PI3K kit, and molecular docking were used to identify the possible targets of BBR and M2. A carrageenan-induced mouse thrombosis model was used to evaluate the effects of BBR on thrombus formation in vivo. Results: In vitro, BBR and M2 significantly inhibited ADP-induced integrin αIIbβ3 activation, reduced the level of P-selectin on the platelet membrane, and suppressed the binding of fibrinogen to the platelets. In this process, BBR and M2 greatly suppressed the PI3K/Akt pathway and inhibited Rasa3 membrane translocation and Rap1 activation. Furthermore, BBR and M2 selectively inhibited class I PI3Kβ, perhaps through binding to its active site. The activities of BBR were stronger than those of M2. After oral administration, BBR significantly inhibited the PI3K/Akt pathway and Rap1 activation and suppressed ADP-induced platelet activation and carrageenan-induced thrombosis in mice without prolonging bleeding time. Conclusions: We reveal for the first time the possible targets and mechanisms of BBR and M2 in inhibiting platelet activation. Our research may support the future clinical application of BBR as an antiplatelet drug in the prevention or treatment of thrombotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Cheng
- Department of Virology and NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhui Zhang
- Department of Virology and NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtao Jin
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zengyan Zuo
- Department of Virology and NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmei Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Virology and NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weijia Kong
- Department of Virology and NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Lu B, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Niu H, Fan L, Pang Z, Qiao Y. Functional and binding studies of gallic acid showing platelet aggregation inhibitory effect as a thrombin inhibitor. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2021; 14:303-309. [PMID: 36117662 PMCID: PMC9476537 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was devoted to identifying natural thrombin inhibitors from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and evaluating its biological activity in vitro and binding characteristics. Methods A combination strategy containing molecular docking, thrombin inhibition assay, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and molecular dynamics simulation were applied to verify the study result. Results Gallic acid was confirmed as a direct thrombin inhibitor with IC50 of 9.07 μmol/L and showed a significant inhibitory effect on thrombin induced platelet aggregation. SPR-based binding studies demonstrated that gallic acid interacted with thrombin with a KD value of 8.29 μmol/L. Molecular dynamics and binding free energy analysis revealed that thrombin-gallic acid system attained equilibrium rapidly with very low fluctuations, the calculated binding free energies was −14.61 kcal/mol. Ala230, Glu232, Ser235, Gly258 and Gly260 were the main amino acid residues responsible for thrombin inhibition by gallic acid, providing a mechanistic basis for further optimization. Conclusion This study proved that gallic acid is a direct thrombin inhibitor with platelet aggregation inhibitory effect, which could provide a basis for the follow-up research and development for novel thrombin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Binan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanbin Gao
- Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of TCM-Information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yatong Li
- Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hongjuan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zongran Pang
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Yanjiang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of TCM-Information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Kolodziejczyk-Czepas J, Ponczek M, Sady-Janczak M, Pilarski R, Bukowska B. Extracts from Uncaria tomentosa as antiplatelet agents and thrombin inhibitors - The in vitro and in silico study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113494. [PMID: 33091497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A wide range of traditional medicine applications of Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Schult.) DC., commonly known as 'vilcacora' or 'cat's claw', includes blood purification, its anticoagulant properties and its use in haemorrhage therapy. AIM OF THE STUDY Our work is devoted to the effects of ethanol and aqueous extracts (1-50 μg/ml) from U. tomentosa leaves and bark on the haemostatic system. The study is based on two main questions: Can these extracts influence the coagulation cascade of blood plasma or the activation of blood platelets? Do they feature any anticoagulant properties? MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood platelet aggregation was measured in human platelet-rich plasma; the anticoagulant tests were based on the thrombin, prothrombin and the activated partial thromboplastin time. For the thrombin (TH)-inhibitory activity evaluation, the chromogenic substrate S-2238 and fibrinogen, i.e. physiological substrate for this enzyme, were used. In silico studies included the interactions of TH and the main components of the extracts. RESULTS The examined extracts demonstrated slight antiplatelet activity. The thrombin time was slightly prolonged. The most efficient TH inhibitor was the ethanolic fraction from leaves (IC50 = 5.86 and 12.48 μg/ml, for the amidolytic and proteolytic assay, respectively). The plant ingredients interacted with TH within and outside the active site, dependently on the compound. The higher binding affinity was found for procyanidins B2 and C1. CONCLUSIONS The examined extracts demonstrated slight antiplatelet effects; however, they may be promising candidates for the natural inhibitors of TH, which is critical for the formation of fibrin clot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kolodziejczyk-Czepas
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biochemistry, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Michał Ponczek
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biochemistry, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sady-Janczak
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biochemistry, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Pilarski
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Noskowskiego 12/14 Str., 61-704, Poznań, Poland
| | - Bożena Bukowska
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236, Lodz, Poland
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Wang X, Chen X, Li J, Evans OB, Wang H, Yang X, He J, Gao XM, Chang YX. Thrombin-based discovery strategy of bioactive-chemical quality marker combination for pollen of Typha orientalis by metabolomics coupled with chemometrics. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 75:153246. [PMID: 32510336 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is of utmost significance to choose the bioactive components as quality markers for ensuring the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Nonetheless, some markers are able to assess effectively the quality of TCM without considering the pharmacological mechanisms and intrinsic chemical complexities. OBJECTIVE This underscores the need to discover new and efficient markers which can assess both quality and mechanism of action. Herein, a strategy of bioactive-chemical quality marker combination was proposed to improve the level of the quality control of TCM by metabolomics coupled with chemometrics. METHODS A four-step plan was followed. Firstly, acquisition of metabolic features and component characterization of different batches of pollen of Typha orientalis C.Presl were performed using UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Secondly, the direct inhibitory effects of pollen of T. orientalis on thrombin was assessed by using chromogenic substrate method together with HPLC. Thereafter, bioactive-chemical marker combination associated with anti-thrombin segregation was screened using supervised classifiers. Finally, quantitative assay and prediction-model of selected markers were established for guarantying the quality of pollen of T. orientalis. RESULTS A total of 22 compounds were annotated based on comparison with previous work from pollen of T. orientalis by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Citric acid and linolenic acid inhibited the thrombin activity with IC50 values, 0.52 ± 0.02 and 0.51 ± 0.02 mg/mL, respectively. A bioactive-chemical marker combination including citric acid, linolenic acid, typhaneoside, and isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidoside were discovered and selected as quality markers for evaluation of pollen of T. orientalis according to their capacity for inhibiting thrombin. CONCLUSION The thrombin-based discovery strategy of bioactive-chemical marker combination was a powerful tool for screening the quality markers for evaluation of pollen of T. orientalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Xuanhao Chen
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Jin Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Owusu Boadi Evans
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xuejing Yang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Jun He
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yan-Xu Chang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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Mandal SK, Maji AK, Mishra SK, Ishfaq PM, Devkota HP, Silva AS, Das N. Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) and its active constituents: A critical review of their efficacy and toxicological issues. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105085. [PMID: 32683037 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) is a medicinal plant widely used in various traditional systems of medicine and as a food supplement. It has been traditionally used by Native Americans as a coloring agent and as medicinal remedy for common diseases and conditions like wounds, digestive disorders, ulcers, skin and eye ailments, and cancer. Over the years, goldenseal has become a popular food supplement in the USA and other regions. The rhizome of this plant has been used for the treatment of a variety of diseases including, gastrointestinal disorders, ulcers, muscular debility, nervous prostration, constipation, skin and eye infections, cancer, among others. Berberine is one of the most bioactive alkaloid that has been identified in different parts of goldenseal. The goldenseal extract containing berberine showed numerous therapeutic effects such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, neuroprotective (anti-Alzheimer's disease), cardioprotective, and gastrointestinal protective. Various research finding suggest the health promoting effects of goldenseal components and their extracts. However, few studies have also suggested the possible neurotoxic, hepatotoxic and phototoxic activities of goldenseal extract and its alkaloids. Thus, large randomized, double-blind clinical studies need to be conducted on goldenseal supplements and their main alkaloids to provide more evidence on the mechanisms responsible for the pharmaceutical activity, clinical efficacy and safety of these products. Thus, it is very important to review the scientific information about goldenseal to understand about the current scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Kumar Mandal
- Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy and AHS, Durgapur, 713206, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Siddhartha Kumar Mishra
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pir Mohammad Ishfaq
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan; Program for Leading Graduate Schools, Health Life Sciences: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented (HIGO) Program, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, Vila do Conde, 4485-655, Portugal; Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Oporto, Oporto, 4051-401, Portugal
| | - Niranjan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar College, Belonia, 799155, Tripura, India.
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11
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Hong M, Almutairi MM, Li S, Li J. Wogonin inhibits cell cycle progression by activating the glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta in hepatocellular carcinoma. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 68:153174. [PMID: 31991293 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wogonin has been reported to exhibit various biological activities such as anti-inflammation, anti-microbial, and anti-tumor. Previous studies have demonstrated that wogonin could down-regulate Cyclin D1 activity on multiple cancers. However, the related mechanisms have not been fully elucidated so far. PURPOSE The aim of the current study was to explore whether wogonin can suppress hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and the mechanism of wogonin in inhibiting Cyclin D1 expression. METHODS Herein, we assessed the anti-tumor activity of wogonin against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by MTT assay, clonogenic assay, cell cycle analysis and orthotopic xenograft mouse models. Western blot, immunofluoscence assay, co-immunoprecipitation assay, docking program, surface plasmon resonance, site-directed mutagenesis assay and immunohistochemical assay were performed for exploring the underlying mechanisms of wogonin-induced growth inhibition in HCC. RESULTS Our results showed that non-toxic dosage of wogonin (10, 20 µM) could inhibit cells proliferation and suppress cells cycle progression in MHCC97L and HepG2 cell. Moreover, the findings from the western blot and immunofluoscence assay confirmed the inhibition action of wogonin (10, 20 µM) on Cyclin D1 expression in MHCC97L cells, and wogonin (10, 20 µM) pre-treatment was capable of promoting Cyclin D1 ubiquitination and degradation in MHCC97L cell. In addition, wogonin promoted phosphorylation of Cyclin D1 on threonine-286 site, the mutation of threonine-286 to alanine-286A blocked Cyclin D1 proteolysis induced by wogonin. Wogonin-promoted Cyclin D1 phosphorylation and subsequent proteolysis may associate with the activation of GSK3beta in cancer cells. The phosphorylated form of GSK3beta (active form) expression was significantly increased after wogonin (20 µM) exposure. Molecular docking study and Biacore SPR analysis of GSK3beta mutant further validated the high-affinity wogonin binding site on GSK3beta. Moreover, in vivo studies further confirmed that phospho-GSK3beta Tyr216 was over-expressed in HCC specimens after wogonin treatment while the amount of Cyclin D1 was significantly decreased. CONCLUSION In summary, our data reveal a novel molecular mechanism by which wogonin induces HCC cells cycle arrest and suppresses tumor proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hong
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Mohammed M Almutairi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Siying Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Jinke Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States.
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12
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Study on Structure Activity Relationship of Natural Flavonoids against Thrombin by Molecular Docking Virtual Screening Combined with Activity Evaluation In Vitro. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020422. [PMID: 31968628 PMCID: PMC7024217 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombin, a key enzyme of the serine protease superfamily, plays an integral role in the blood coagulation cascade and thrombotic diseases. In view of this, it is worthwhile to establish a method to screen thrombin inhibitors (such as natural flavonoid-type inhibitors) as well as investigate their structure activity relationships. Virtual screening using molecular docking technique was used to screen 103 flavonoids. Out of this number, 42 target compounds were selected, and their inhibitory effects on thrombin assayed by chromogenic substrate method. The results indicated that the carbon-carbon double bond group at the C2, C3 sites and the carbonyl group at the C4 sites of flavones were essential for thrombin inhibition, whereas the methoxy and O-glycosyl groups reduced thrombin inhibition. Noteworthy, introduction of OH groups at different positions on flavonoids either decreased or increased anti-thrombin potential. Myricetin exhibited the highest inhibitory potential against thrombin with an IC50 value of 56 μM. Purposively, the established molecular docking virtual screening method is not limited to exploring flavonoid structure activity relationships to anti-thrombin activity but also usefully discovering other natural active constituents.
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13
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Shi CC, Chen TR, Zhang QH, Wei LH, Huang C, Zhu YD, Liu HB, Bai YK, Wang FJ, Guo WZ, Zhang LR, Ge GB. Inhibition of human thrombin by the constituents of licorice: inhibition kinetics and mechanistic insights through in vitro and in silico studies. RSC Adv 2020; 10:3626-3635. [PMID: 35492646 PMCID: PMC9048847 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09203j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombin inhibition therapy is a practical strategy to reduce thrombotic and cardiovascular risks via blocking the formation of blood clots. This study aimed to identify naturally occurring thrombin inhibitors from licorice (one of the most popular edible herbs), as well as to investigate their inhibitory mechanisms. Among all tested licorice constituents, licochalcone A was found as the most efficacious agent against human thrombin (IC50 = 7.96 μM). Inhibition kinetic analyses demonstrated that licochalcone A was a mixed inhibitor against thrombin-mediated Z-Gly-Gly-Arg-AMC acetate hydrolysis, with a Ki value of 12.23 μM. Furthermore, mass spectrometry-based chemoproteomic assays and molecular docking simulations revealed that licochalcone A could bind to human thrombin at both exosite I and the catalytic site. In summary, our findings demonstrated that the chalcones isolated from licorice were a new class of direct thrombin inhibitors, also suggesting that licochalcone A was a promising lead compound for developing novel anti-thrombotic agents. Licochalcone A, a bioactive compound from licorice, displayed strong inhibition of thrombin.![]()
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14
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Discovery of Novel Multi-target Inhibitor of angiotensin type 1 receptor and neprilysin inhibitors from Traditional Chinese Medicine. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16205. [PMID: 31700033 PMCID: PMC6838339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52309-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II type-1 receptor–neprilysin inhibitor (ARNi) is consisted of Angiotensin II type-1 receptor (AT1) antagonist and neprilysin (NEP) inhibitor, which could simultaneously increase the vasodilators of the natriuretic peptides and antagonize vasoconstrictors of Ang II. ARNi has been proved a superior effect and lower risks of death on chronic heart failure (CHF) and hypertension. In this paper, ARNi from Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) was discovered based on target combination of AT1 and NEP by virtual screening, biological assay and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Two customized strategies of combinatorial virtual screening were implemented to discover AT1 antagonist and NEP inhibitor based on pharmacophore modeling and docking computation respectively. Gyrophoric acid (PubChem CID: 135728) from Parmelia saxatilis was selected as AT1 antagonist and assayed with IC50 of 29.76 μM by calcium influx assay. And 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (PubChem CID: 861) from Bos taurus domesticus was screened as NEP inhibitor and has a dose dependent inhibitory activity by biochemistry fluorescence assay. Combined with MD simulations, these compounds can generate interaction with the target, key interactive residues of ARG167, TRP84, and VAL108 in AT1, and HIS711 in NEP were also identified respectively. This study designs the combinatorial strategy to discover novel frames of ARNi from TCM, and gyrophoric acid and 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine could provide the clues and revelations of drug design and therapeutic method of CHF and hypertension for TCM clinical applications.
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Sun ZG, Yang-Liu, Zhang JM, Cui SC, Zhang ZG, Zhu HL. The Research Progress of Direct Thrombin Inhibitors. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 20:1574-1585. [PMID: 31644402 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191015201125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Blood coagulation is the process of changing the blood from the flowing state to the gel state. It is an important part of the hemostatic function. Coagulation is a process by which a series of coagulation factors are sequentially activated, and finally thrombin is formed to form fibrin clot. Direct thrombin inhibitors are important anticoagulant drug. These drugs can selectively bind to the active site of thrombin, inhibit thrombin activity, have strong action and high specificity, and have important significance in the clinical treatment of thrombus diseases. Some of them come from natural products of animals or plants, and many of them have been applied in the clinic. The other part is derived from the design, synthesis and activity studies of small molecule inhibitors. This review discusses the progress of direct thrombin inhibitors in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Sun
- Central Laboratory, Linyi Central Hospital, No.17 Jiankang Road, Linyi 276400, China,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, No.163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang-Liu
- Central Laboratory, Linyi Central Hospital, No.17 Jiankang Road, Linyi 276400, China
| | - Jin-Mai Zhang
- Room 205, BIO-X white house, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030,China
| | - Shi-Chang Cui
- Central Laboratory, Linyi Central Hospital, No.17 Jiankang Road, Linyi 276400, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Linyi Central Hospital, No.17 Jiankang Road, Linyi 276400, China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, No.163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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Kabankin AS, Sinauridze EI, Lipets EN, Ataullakhanov FI. Computer Design of Low-Molecular-Weight Inhibitors of Coagulation Factors. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:119-136. [PMID: 31216971 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The review discusses main approaches to searching for new low-molecular-weight inhibitors of coagulation factors IIa, Xa, IXa, and XIa and the results of such studies conducted from 2015 to 2018. For each of these factors, several inhibitors with IC50 < 10 nM have been found, some of which are now tested in clinical trials. However, none of the identified inhibitors meets the requirements for an "ideal" anticoagulant, so further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Kabankin
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - E I Sinauridze
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - E N Lipets
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - F I Ataullakhanov
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, 117997, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
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Kim K, Do HJ, Oh TW, Kim KY, Kim TH, Ma JY, Park KI. Antiplatelet and Antithrombotic Activity of a Traditional Medicine, Hwangryunhaedok-Tang. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1502. [PMID: 30687085 PMCID: PMC6333754 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet activation and accumulation at the site of vascular injury are central to thrombus formation resulted in thrombotic disorders. Medicinal herbs could be one of the most important pharmaceutical agents that ameliorate thrombotic disorders, such as unstable angina, myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular diseases. Hwangryunhaedok-tang (HRT) is a traditional herbal medicine that displays multiple biological properties including anti-inflammatory abilities. However, its role in platelet activation has not been fully studied. Hence, we examined whether HRT has a potent inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. We demonstrated that HRT (30, 50, and 100 μg/ml) significantly impaired thrombin- and collagen-related peptide-induced platelet aggregation, granule secretion, thromboxane B2 generation, and intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. Biochemical studies revealed that HRT is involved in inhibiting the phosphorylation of phospholipase C and protein kinase B. The oral administration of HRT (30, 50, and 100 mg/kg once daily for 1 and/or 7 days) efficiently ameliorates ferric chloride induced arterial thrombus formation in vivo. Tail bleeding time was not significantly increased. The qualitative phytochemical constituents of the HRT extract were investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography. Our results demonstrated that HRT shows potential antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects without affecting hemostasis. Hence, HRT could be an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of thrombotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungho Kim
- Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Do
- Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Tae Woo Oh
- Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Youn Kim
- Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Jin Yel Ma
- Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Il Park
- Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
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18
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A Review of Antiplatelet Activity of Traditional Medicinal Herbs on Integrative Medicine Studies. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:7125162. [PMID: 30719065 PMCID: PMC6335729 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7125162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thrombotic events mainly occurred by platelet activation and aggregation. The vascular occlusion causes serious disease states such as unstable angina, ischemic stroke, and heart attack. Due to the pervading of thrombotic diseases, new antiplatelet drugs are necessary for preventing and treating arterial thrombosis without adverse side effects. Traditional medicinal herbs have been used for the treatment of human ailments for a long time. The clinically useful and safe products from traditional medicinal herbs were identified and developed in numerous pharmacological approaches. A complementary system of traditional medicinal herbs is a good candidate for pharmacotherapy. However, it still has a limitation in its function and efficacy. Thus, it is necessary to study the mode of action of traditional medicinal herbs as alternative therapeutic agents. In this review, we focused on our current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of traditional medicinal herbs in antiplatelet activity and antithrombotic effect of traditional medicinal herbs on platelet function.
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Guo JF, Ning ZQ, Wu X, Qiao YJ, Wang X. Discovery of a natural PI3Kδ inhibitor through virtual screening and biological assay study. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 508:709-714. [PMID: 30528237 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-3-kinase-δ (PI3Kδ) is a key regulator in the process of IgE mediated mast cell degranulation, which directly induces allergic diseases, such as asthma. This study is aimed at discovery of natural PI3Kδ inhibitors from Chinese medicine and evaluating their anti-mast cell degranulation activity. A combined virtual screening based on 3D pharmacophore model and molecular docking was used to screen for bioactive ingredients directly targeting PI3Kδ. Then, an in vitro kinase inhibition assay was conducted to evaluate the PI3Kδ inhibitory activity of the virtual screening hits. Subsequently, a β-hexosaminidase release assay was performed to verify the anti-mast cell degranulation activity of the active compounds. Finally, ginkgoneolic acid was identified as a PI3Kδ inhibitor (IC50 = 2.49 μM) and exhibited anti-mast cell degranulation activity in vitro (IC50 = 2.40 μM). Docking studies showed that Glu826, Val827 and Val828 were key amino acid residues for PI3Kδ inhibitory activity. Ginkgoneolic acid may be a potential lead compound for developing effective and safe PI3Kδ-inhibiting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Fang Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Zhong-Qi Ning
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Xia Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Yan-Jiang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11, North San huan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
| | - Xing Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, PR China.
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20
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Wang X, Guo J, Ning Z, Wu X. Discovery of a Natural Syk Inhibitor from Chinese Medicine through a Docking-Based Virtual Screening and Biological Assay Study. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123114. [PMID: 30487406 PMCID: PMC6320911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a critical target protein for treating immunoreceptor signalling-mediated allergies. In this study, a virtual screening of an in-house Chinese medicine database followed by biological assays was carried out to identify novel Syk inhibitors. A molecular docking method was employed to screen for compounds with potential Syk inhibitory activity. Then, an in vitro kinase inhibition assay was performed to verify the Syk inhibitory activity of the virtual screening hits. Subsequently, a β-hexosaminidase release assay was conducted to evaluate the anti-mast cell degranulation activity of the active compounds. Finally, tanshinone I was confirmed as a Syk inhibitor (IC50 = 1.64 μM) and exhibited anti-mast cell degranulation activity in vitro (IC50 = 2.76 μM). Docking studies showed that Pro455, Gln462, Leu377, and Lys458 were key amino acid residues for Syk inhibitory activity. This study demonstrated that tanshinone I is a Syk inhibitor with mast cell degranulation inhibitory activity. Tanshinone I may be a potential lead compound for developing effective and safe Syk-inhibiting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Junfang Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Zhongqi Ning
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Xia Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
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21
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Li QQ, Yang YX, Qv JW, Hu G, Hu YJ, Xia ZN, Yang FQ. Investigation of Interactions between Thrombin and Ten Phenolic Compounds by Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis and Molecular Docking. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:4707609. [PMID: 29744232 PMCID: PMC5884136 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4707609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Thrombin plays a vital role in blood coagulation, which is a key process involved in thrombosis by promoting platelet aggregation and converting fibrinogen to form the fibrin clot. In the receptor concept, drugs produce their therapeutic effects via interactions with the targets. Therefore, investigation of interaction between thrombin and small molecules is important to find out the potential thrombin inhibitor. In this study, affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) and in silico molecular docking methods were developed to study the interaction between thrombin and ten phenolic compounds (p-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, dihydroquercetin, naringenin, apigenin, and baicalein). The ACE results showed that gallic acids and six flavonoid compounds had relative strong interactions with thrombin. In addition, the docking results indicated that all of optimal conformations of the six flavonoid compounds were positioned into the thrombin activity centre and had interaction with the HIS57 or SER195 which was the key residue to bind thrombin inhibitors such as argatroban. Herein, these six flavonoid compounds might have the potential of thrombin inhibition activity. In addition, the developed method in this study can be further applied to study the interactions of other molecules with thrombin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Qiao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yu-Xiu Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jing-Wen Qv
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Guang Hu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Yuan-Jia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Zhi-Ning Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Feng-Qing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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Fan HT, Guo JF, Zhang YX, Gu YX, Ning ZQ, Qiao YJ, Wang X. The rational search for PDE10A inhibitors from Sophora flavescens roots using pharmacophore‑ and docking‑based virtual screening. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:388-393. [PMID: 29115449 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) has been confirmed to be an important target for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The purpose of the present study was to identify PDE10A inhibitors from herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine. Pharmacophore and molecular docking techniques were used to virtually screen the chemical molecule database of Sophora flavescens, a well‑known Chinese herb that has been used for improving mental health and regulating the CNS. The pharmacophore model generated recognized the common functional groups of known PDE10A inhibitors. In addition, molecular docking was used to calculate the binding affinity of ligand‑PDE10A interactions and to investigate the possible binding pattern. Virtual screening based on the pharmacophore model and molecular docking was performed to identify potential PDE10A inhibitors from S. flavescens. The results demonstrated that nine hits from S. flavescens were potential PDE10A inhibitors, and their biological activity was further validated using literature mining. A total of two compounds were reported to inhibit cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase, and one protected against glutamate‑induced oxidative stress in the CNS. The remaining six compounds require further bioactivity validation. The results of the present study demonstrated that this method was a time‑ and cost‑saving strategy for the identification of bioactive compounds from traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Tian Fan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Fang Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of TCM‑Information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xi Gu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Qi Ning
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Jiang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of TCM‑Information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, P.R. China
| | - Xing Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
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23
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Li X, Peng S, Wang S, Huang CZ, Huang CZ, Zhang Q, Li D, Jiang J, Ouyang Q, Zhang Y, Li S, Qiao Y. Identification of a specific agonist of human TAS2R14 from Radix Bupleuri through virtual screening, functional evaluation and binding studies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12174. [PMID: 28939897 PMCID: PMC5610306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11720-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) have attracted a great deal of interest because of their recently described bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to identify natural direct TAS2R14 agonists from Radix Bupleuri that can inhibit mast cell degranulation. A ligand-based virtual screening was conducted on a library of chemicals contained in compositions of Radix Bupleuri, and these analyses were followed by cell-based functional validation through a HEK293-TAS2R14-G16gust44 cell line and IgE-induced mast cell degranulation assays, respectively. Saikosaponin b (SSb) was confirmed for the first time to be a specific agonist of TAS2R14 and had an EC50 value of 4.9 μM. A molecular docking study showed that SSb could directly bind to a TAS2R14 model through H-bond interactions with Arg160, Ser170 and Glu259. Moreover, SSb showed the ability to inhibit IgE-induced mast cell degranulation, as measured with a β-hexosaminidase release model and real-time cell analysis (RTCA). In a cytotoxicity bioassay, SSb showed no significant cytotoxicity to HEK293 cells within 24 hours. This study demonstrated that SSb is a direct TAS2R14 agonist that inhibit IgE-induced mast cell degranulation. Although the target and in vitro bioactivity of SSb were revealed in this study, it still need in vivo study to further verify the anti-asthma activity of SSb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6, Central Ring South Road, Wangjing, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xi Li
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6, Central Ring South Road, Wangjing, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Sha Peng
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6, Central Ring South Road, Wangjing, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Shifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6, Central Ring South Road, Wangjing, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Christopher Z Huang
- Chinese International School, 1 Hau Yuen Path, Braemar Hill, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Corine Z Huang
- Chinese International School, 1 Hau Yuen Path, Braemar Hill, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6, Central Ring South Road, Wangjing, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Dai Li
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road, No. 1, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- HD Biosciences, Co., Ltd. 590 Ruiqing Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park East Campus, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201201, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- School of Pharmacy, The Third Military Medical University, Gaotanyan Street, No. 30, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6, Central Ring South Road, Wangjing, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Shiyou Li
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road, No. 1, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Yanjiang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6, Central Ring South Road, Wangjing, Beijing, 100102, China.
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24
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Su P, Guan H, Zhang Y, Wang X, Gao L, Zhao Y, Hu T, Zhou J, Ma B, Tu L, Tong Y, Huang L, Gao W. Probing the Single Key Amino Acid Responsible for the Novel Catalytic Function of ent-Kaurene Oxidase Supported by NADPH-Cytochrome P450 Reductases in Tripterygium wilfordii. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1756. [PMID: 29081786 PMCID: PMC5645531 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Tripterygium wilfordii produces not only ent-kaurene, which is an intermediate of gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis in flowering plants, but also 16α-hydroxy-ent-kaurane, whose physiological role has not been characterized. The two compounds are biosynthesized from the universal diterpenoid precursor (E,E,E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) by diterpene synthases, which have been discovered and functionally characterized in T. wilfordii. Here, we described the functional characterization of four cytochrome P450 reductases (TwCPR) and one ent-kaurene oxidase (TwKO). Four TwCPRs were found to have relatively ubiquitous expression in T. wilfordii root, stem, leaf, and flower tissues. Co-expression of both a TwCPR and TwKO in yeast showed that TwCPR3 has a slightly better activity for providing the electrons required for these reactions, indicating that TwCPR3 is more suitable for use in the functional analysis of other cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. TwKO catalyzed the three-step oxidation of the C4α methyl of the tetracyclic diterpene intermediate ent-kaurene to form ent-kaurenoic acid as an early step in GA biosynthesis. Notably, TwKO could also convert 16α-hydroxy-ent-kaurane to 16α-hydroxy-ent-kaurenoic acid, indicating an important function of 16α-hydroxy-ent-kaurane in the anti-HIV principle tripterifordin biosynthetic pathway in planta. Homology modeling and molecular docking were used to investigate the unknown crucial active amino acid residue involved in the catalytic reaction of TwKO, and one key residue (Leu387) contributed to the formation of 16α-hydroxy-ent-kaurenoic acid, most likely by forming hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl group (-OH) of 16α-hydroxy-ent-kaurane, which laid the basis for further investigation of the multifunctional nature of KO catalysis. Also, our findings paved the way for the complete biosynthesis of the anti-HIV principle tripterifordin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Linhui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyuan Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Baowei Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lichan Tu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuru Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Luqi Huang, Wei Gao,
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Luqi Huang, Wei Gao,
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