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Borah Slater K, Kim D, Chand P, Xu Y, Shaikh H, Undale V. A Current Perspective on the Potential of Nanomedicine for Anti-Tuberculosis Therapy. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:100. [PMID: 36828516 PMCID: PMC9965948 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8020100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the ten infectious diseases that cause the highest amount of human mortality and morbidity. This infection, which is caused by a single pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, kills over a million people every year. There is an emerging problem of antimicrobial resistance in TB that needs urgent treatment and management. Tuberculosis treatment is complicated by its complex drug regimen, its lengthy duration and the serious side-effects caused by the drugs required. There are a number of critical issues around drug delivery and subsequent intracellular bacterial clearance. Drugs have a short lifespan in systemic circulation, which limits their activity. Nanomedicine in TB is an emerging research area which offers the potential of effective drug delivery using nanoparticles and a reduction in drug doses and side-effects to improve patient compliance with the treatment and enhance their recovery. Here, we provide a minireview of anti-TB treatment, research progress on nanomedicine and the prospects for future applications in developing innovative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Borah Slater
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Microbial Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU27XH, UK
| | - Daniel Kim
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Microbial Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU27XH, UK
| | - Pooja Chand
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Microbial Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU27XH, UK
| | - Ye Xu
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Microbial Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU27XH, UK
| | - Hanif Shaikh
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Pimpri, Pune 411018, India
- Clinical, Assessment, Regulatory and Evaluation (CARE) Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Vaishali Undale
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Pimpri, Pune 411018, India
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Tredicine M, Ria F, Poerio N, Lucchini M, Bianco A, De Santis F, Valentini M, De Arcangelis V, Rende M, Stabile AM, Pistilli A, Camponeschi C, Nociti V, Mirabella M, Fraziano M, Di Sante G. Liposome-based nanoparticles impact on regulatory and effector phenotypes of macrophages and T cells in multiple Sclerosis patients. Biomaterials 2023; 292:121930. [PMID: 36493716 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Current available treatments of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) reduce neuroinflammation acting on different targets on the immune system, but potentially lead to severe side effects and have a limited efficacy in slowing the progression of the disease. Here, we evaluated in vitro the immunomodulatory potential of a new class of nanoparticles - liposomes, constituted by a double-layer of phosphatidylserine (PSCho/PS), and double-faced, with an outer layer of phosphatidylserine and an inner layer of phosphatidic acid (PSCho/PA), either alone or in the presence of the myelin basic protein (MBP) peptide (residues 85-99) (PSCho/PS-MBP and PSCho/PA-MBP). Results showed that PSCho/PS are equally and efficiently internalized by pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages (M1 and M2 respectively), while PSCho/PA were internalized better by M2 than M1. PSCho/PS liposomes were able to inhibit the secretion of innate pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. PSCho/PS liposomes expanded Tregs, reducing Th1 and Th17 cells, while PSCho/PA liposomes were unable to dampen pro-inflammatory T cells and to promote immune-regulatory phenotype (Treg). The ability of PSCho/PS liposomes to up-regulate Treg cells was more pronounced in MS patients with high basal expression of M2 markers. PSCho/PS liposomes were more effective in decreasing Th1 (but not Th17) cells in MS patients with a disease duration >3 months. On the other hand, down-modulation of Th17 cells was evident in MS patients with active, Gadolinium enhancing lesions at MRI and in MS patients with a high basal expression of M1-associated markers in the monocytes. The same findings were observed for the modulation of MBP-driven Th1/Th17/Treg responses. These observations suggest that early MS associate to a hard-wired pro-Th1 phenotype of M1 that is lost later during disease course. On the other hand, acute inflammatory events reflect a temporary decrease of M2 phenotype that however is amenable to restauration upon treatment with PSCho/PS liposomes. Thus, together these data indicate that monocytes/macrophages may play an important regulatory function during MS course and suggest a role for PSCho/PS and PSCho/PS-MBP as new therapeutic tools to dampen the pro-inflammatory immune responses and to promote its regulatory branch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tredicine
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Ria
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Department Laboratory and Infectious diseases Sciences, Largo Agostino Gemelli 1-8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Noemi Poerio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "TorVergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00173, Rome, Italy.
| | - Matteo Lucchini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, UOC of Neurology, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Centro di Ricerca Sclerosi Multipla (CERSM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Assunta Bianco
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, UOC of Neurology, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Centro di Ricerca Sclerosi Multipla (CERSM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Federica De Santis
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "TorVergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00173, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mariagrazia Valentini
- Section of Pathology, Department of Woman, Child and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 1-8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Valeria De Arcangelis
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, UOC of Neurology, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Centro di Ricerca Sclerosi Multipla (CERSM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mario Rende
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Institute of Human, Clinical and Forensic Anatomy, Piazza L. Severi 1, 06125, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Stabile
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Institute of Human, Clinical and Forensic Anatomy, Piazza L. Severi 1, 06125, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Pistilli
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Institute of Human, Clinical and Forensic Anatomy, Piazza L. Severi 1, 06125, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Chiara Camponeschi
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy; Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies ''Giulio Natta'' (SCITEC)-CNR, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Viviana Nociti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, UOC of Neurology, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Centro di Ricerca Sclerosi Multipla (CERSM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Mirabella
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, UOC of Neurology, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Centro di Ricerca Sclerosi Multipla (CERSM), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Fraziano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "TorVergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00173, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Di Sante
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy; Department of Surgery and Medicine, Institute of Human, Clinical and Forensic Anatomy, Piazza L. Severi 1, 06125, Perugia, Italy.
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3
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Cafora M, Poerio N, Forti F, Loberto N, Pin D, Bassi R, Aureli M, Briani F, Pistocchi A, Fraziano M. Evaluation of phages and liposomes as combination therapy to counteract Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in wild-type and CFTR-null models. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:979610. [PMID: 36188006 PMCID: PMC9520727 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.979610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi drug resistant (MDR) bacteria are insensitive to the most common antibiotics currently in use. The spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, if not contained, will represent the main cause of death for humanity in 2050. The situation is even more worrying when considering patients with chronic bacterial infections, such as those with Cystic Fibrosis (CF). The development of alternative approaches is essential and novel therapies that combine exogenous and host-mediated antimicrobial action are promising. In this work, we demonstrate that asymmetric phosphatidylserine/phosphatidic acid (PS/PA) liposomes administrated both in prophylactic and therapeutic treatments, induced a reduction in the bacterial burden both in wild-type and cftr-loss-of-function (cftr-LOF) zebrafish embryos infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) PAO1 strain (PAO1). These effects are elicited through the enhancement of phagocytic activity of macrophages. Moreover, the combined use of liposomes and a phage-cocktail (CKΦ), already validated as a PAO1 “eater”, improves the antimicrobial effects of single treatments, and it is effective also against CKΦ-resistant bacteria. We also address the translational potential of the research, by evaluating the safety of CKΦ and PS/PA liposomes administrations in in vitro model of human bronchial epithelial cells, carrying the homozygous F508del-CFTR mutation, and in THP-1 cells differentiated into a macrophage-like phenotype with pharmacologically inhibited CFTR. Our results open the way to the development of novel pharmacological formulations composed of both phages and liposomes to counteract more efficiently the infections caused by Pa or other bacteria, especially in patients with chronic infections such those with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cafora
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Segrate, MI, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milan, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Noemi Poerio
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Forti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Loberto
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Davide Pin
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Segrate, MI, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Bassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Massimo Aureli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Federica Briani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Pistocchi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Segrate, MI, Italy
- *Correspondence: Anna Pistocchi,
| | - Maurizio Fraziano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
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Abdelaal HFM, Chan ED, Young L, Baldwin SL, Coler RN. Mycobacterium abscessus: It’s Complex. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071454. [PMID: 35889173 PMCID: PMC9316637 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) is an opportunistic pathogen usually colonizing abnormal lung airways and is often seen in patients with cystic fibrosis. Currently, there is no vaccine available for M. abscessus in clinical development. The treatment of M. abscessus-related pulmonary diseases is peculiar due to intrinsic resistance to several commonly used antibiotics. The development of either prophylactic or therapeutic interventions for M. abscessus pulmonary infections is hindered by the absence of an adequate experimental animal model. In this review, we outline the critical elements related to M. abscessus virulence mechanisms, host–pathogen interactions, and treatment challenges associated with M. abscessus pulmonary infections. The challenges of effectively combating this pathogen include developing appropriate preclinical animal models of infection, developing proper diagnostics, and designing novel strategies for treating drug-resistant M. abscessus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem F. M. Abdelaal
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98145, USA; (H.F.M.A.); (S.L.B.)
| | - Edward D. Chan
- Department of Academic Affairs and Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA;
- Pulmonary Section, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lisa Young
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Susan L. Baldwin
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98145, USA; (H.F.M.A.); (S.L.B.)
| | - Rhea N. Coler
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98145, USA; (H.F.M.A.); (S.L.B.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Correspondence:
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Liposomes Bearing Non-Bilayer Phospholipid Arrangements Induce Specific IgG Anti-Lipid Antibodies by Activating NK1.1+, CD4+ T Cells in Mice. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12070643. [PMID: 35877846 PMCID: PMC9319584 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12070643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are artificial models of cellular membranes that are used as delivery systems for genes, drugs and protein antigens. We have previously used them to study the antigenic properties of their phospholipids. Here, we used them to induce the production of IgG anti-non-bilayer phospholipid arrangements (NPAs) antibodies in mice; these antibodies cause cell lysis and trigger a lupus-like disease in mice. We studied the mechanisms that lead to the production of these antibodies, and provide evidence that NK1.1+, CD4+ T cells respond to NPA-bearing liposomes and deliver the help required for specific B cell activation and antibody class-switching to IgG. We found increased numbers of IL-4-producing NK1.1+, CD4+ T cells in the secondary lymphoid organs of mice administered with NPAs, and these cells also expressed CD40L, which is required for B cell activation. Additionally, we isolated and purified NK1.1+, CD4+ T cells from spleens and determined that they over-expressed 40 genes, which are key players in inflammatory processes and B cell stimulation and have TRAF6 and UNC39B1 as key nodes in their network. These results show that liposomes are membrane models that can be used to analyze the immunogenicity of lipids.
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6
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De Santis F, Lopez AB, Virtuoso S, Poerio N, Saccomandi P, Olimpieri T, Duca L, Henrici De Angelis L, Aquilano K, D'Andrea MM, Aquaro S, Borsetti A, Ceccherini-Silberstein F, Fraziano M. Phosphatidylcholine Liposomes Down-Modulate CD4 Expression Reducing HIV Entry in Human Type-1 Macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:830788. [PMID: 35663973 PMCID: PMC9160374 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.830788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A strategy adopted to combat human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection is based on interfering with virus entry into target cells. In this study, we found that phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes reduced the expression of the CD4 receptor in human primary type-1 macrophages but not in CD4+ T cells. The down-regulation was specific to CD4, as any effect was not observed in CCR5 membrane expression. Moreover, the reduction of membrane CD4 expression required the Ca2+-independent protein kinase C (PKC), which in turn mediated serine phosphorylation in the intracytoplasmic tail of the CD4 receptor. Serine phosphorylation of CD4 was also associated with its internalization and degradation in acidic compartments. Finally, the observed CD4 downregulation induced by PC liposomes in human primary macrophages reduced the entry of both single-cycle replication and replication competent R5 tropic HIV-1. Altogether, these results show that PC liposomes reduce HIV entry in human macrophages and may impact HIV pathogenesis by lowering the viral reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica De Santis
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - Ana Borrajo Lopez
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - Sara Virtuoso
- Centro Nazionale per la ricerca su HIV/AIDS, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Noemi Poerio
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Saccomandi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - Tommaso Olimpieri
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - Leonardo Duca
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - Lucia Henrici De Angelis
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Maria D'Andrea
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Aquaro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Alessandra Borsetti
- Centro Nazionale per la ricerca su HIV/AIDS, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Fraziano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy
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7
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Mudgil P. Antimicrobial Tear Lipids in the Ocular Surface Defense. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:866900. [PMID: 35433501 PMCID: PMC9008483 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.866900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of antimicrobial lipids as effectors of innate host defense is an emerging field. There is limited knowledge on the antimicrobial role of lipids in the ocular environment. Tears act as first line of defense to protect the ocular surface from infections. Antimicrobial effects of tear lipids have been demonstrated using meibomian lipids that are the source of majority of lipids in tears. This article describes the knowledge available on the antimicrobial role of tear lipids at the ocular surface and the antimicrobial potential of various lipid classes present in tears that can contribute to antimicrobial protection of the eye. Like other mucosal secretions, tears contain many proteins and lipids with known antimicrobial effects. The antimicrobial defense of tears is far stronger than can be demonstrated by the effects of individual compounds many of which are present in low concentrations but synergistic and additive interactions between them provide substantial antimicrobial protection to the ocular surface. It is inferred that antimicrobial lipids play important role in innate defense of tears, and cooperative interactions between various antimicrobial lipids and proteins in tears provide a potent host defense mechanism that is effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens and renders self-sterilizing properties to tears for keeping the microbial load low at the ocular surface.
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Tretiakova DS, Vodovozova EL. Liposomes as Adjuvants and Vaccine Delivery Systems. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) SUPPLEMENT. SERIES A, MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2022; 16:1-20. [PMID: 35194485 PMCID: PMC8853224 DOI: 10.1134/s1990747822020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The review considers liposomes as systems of substantial interest as adjuvant carriers in vaccinology due to their versatility and maximal biocompatibility. Research and development on the use of liposomes and lipid nanoparticles to create subunit vaccines for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases has been going on for several decades. In recent years, the area has seen serious progress due to the improvement of the technology of industrial production of various high-grade lipids suitable for parenteral administration and the emergence of new technologies and equipment for the production of liposomal preparations. When developing vaccines, it is necessary to take into account how the body’s immune system (innate and adaptive immunity) functions. The review briefly describes some of the fundamental mechanisms underlying the mobilization of immunity when encountering an antigen, as well as the influence of liposome carriers on the processes of internalization of antigens by immunocompetent cells and ways of immune response induction. The results of the studies on the interactions of liposomes with antigen-presenting cells in function of the liposome size, charge, and phase state of the bilayer, which depends on the lipid composition, are often contradictory and should be verified in each specific case. The introduction of immunostimulant components into the composition of liposomal vaccine complexes—ligands of the pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptors—permits modulation of the strength and type of the immune response. The review briefly discusses liposome-based vaccines approved for use in the clinic for the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases, including mRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles. Examples of liposomal vaccines that undergo various stages of clinical trials are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Tretiakova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - E L Vodovozova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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9
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Poerio N, Riva C, Olimpieri T, Rossi M, Lorè NI, De Santis F, Henrici De Angelis L, Ciciriello F, D’Andrea MM, Lucidi V, Cirillo DM, Fraziano M. Combined Host- and Pathogen-Directed Therapy for the Control of Mycobacterium abscessus Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0254621. [PMID: 35080463 PMCID: PMC8791191 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02546-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is the etiological agent of severe pulmonary infections in vulnerable patients, such as those with cystic fibrosis (CF), where it represents a relevant cause of morbidity and mortality. Treatment of pulmonary infections caused by M. abscessus remains extremely difficult, as this species is resistant to most classes of antibiotics, including macrolides, aminoglycosides, rifamycins, tetracyclines, and β-lactams. Here, we show that apoptotic body like liposomes loaded with phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate (ABL/PI5P) enhance the antimycobacterial response, both in macrophages from healthy donors exposed to pharmacological inhibition of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and in macrophages from CF patients, by enhancing phagosome acidification and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The treatment with liposomes of wild-type as well as CF mice, intratracheally infected with M. abscessus, resulted in about a 2-log reduction of pulmonary mycobacterial burden and a significant reduction of macrophages and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Finally, the combination treatment with ABL/PI5P and amikacin, to specifically target intracellular and extracellular bacilli, resulted in a further significant reduction of both pulmonary mycobacterial burden and inflammatory response in comparison with the single treatments. These results offer the conceptual basis for a novel therapeutic regimen based on antibiotic and bioactive liposomes, used as a combined host- and pathogen-directed therapeutic strategy, aimed at the control of M. abscessus infection, and of related immunopathogenic responses, for which therapeutic options are still limited. IMPORTANCE Mycobacterium abscessus is an opportunistic pathogen intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics, frequently linked to chronic pulmonary infections, and representing a relevant cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in immunocompromised patients, such as those affected by cystic fibrosis. M. abscessus-caused pulmonary infection treatment is extremely difficult due to its high toxicity and long-lasting regimen with life-impairing side effects and the scarce availability of new antibiotics approved for human use. In this context, there is an urgent need for the development of an alternative therapeutic strategy that aims at improving the current management of patients affected by chronic M. abscessus infections. Our data support the therapeutic value of a combined host- and pathogen-directed therapy as a promising approach, as an alternative to single treatments, to simultaneously target intracellular and extracellular pathogens and improve the clinical management of patients infected with multidrug-resistant pathogens such as M. abscessus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Poerio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Riva
- Emerging Bacteria Pathogens Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Olimpieri
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Rossi
- Emerging Bacteria Pathogens Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola I. Lorè
- Emerging Bacteria Pathogens Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Fabiana Ciciriello
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Complex Operating Unit, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco M. D’Andrea
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzina Lucidi
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Complex Operating Unit, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela M. Cirillo
- Emerging Bacteria Pathogens Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fraziano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
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10
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Poerio N, Olimpieri T, Henrici De Angelis L, De Santis F, Thaller MC, D’Andrea MM, Fraziano M. Fighting MDR-Klebsiella pneumoniae Infections by a Combined Host- and Pathogen-Directed Therapeutic Approach. Front Immunol 2022; 13:835417. [PMID: 35237274 PMCID: PMC8884248 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.835417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen that is very difficult to treat mainly due to its high propensity to acquire complex resistance traits. Notably, multidrug resistance (MDR)-Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) infections are responsible for 22%–72% of mortality among hospitalized and immunocompromised patients. Although treatments with new drugs or with combined antibiotic therapies have some degree of success, there is still the urgency to investigate and develop an efficient approach against MDR-KP infections. In this study, we have evaluated, in an in vitro model of human macrophages, the efficacy of a combined treatment consisting of apoptotic body-like liposomes loaded with phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate (ABL/PI5P) and φBO1E, a lytic phage specific for the major high-risk clone of KPC-positive MDR-KP. Results show that ABL/PI5P did not affect in a direct manner KKBO-1 viability, being able to reduce only the intracellular KKBO-1 bacterial load. As expected, φBO1E was effective mainly on reducing extracellular bacilli. Importantly, the combination of both treatments resulted in a simultaneous reduction of both intracellular and extracellular bacilli. Moreover, the combined treatment of KKBO-1-infected cells reduced proinflammatory TNF-α and IL-1β cytokines and increased anti-inflammatory TGF-β cytokine production. Overall, our data support the therapeutic value of a combined host- and pathogen-directed therapy as a promising approach, alternative to single treatments, to simultaneously target intracellular and extracellular pathogens and improve the clinical management of patients infected with MDR pathogens such as MDR-KP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Poerio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Olimpieri
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Henrici De Angelis
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Maurizio Fraziano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maurizio Fraziano,
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11
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Poerio N, Caccamo N, La Manna MP, Olimpieri T, Henrici De Angelis L, D'Andrea MM, Dieli F, Fraziano M. Phosphatidylserine liposomes reduce inflammatory response, mycobacterial viability and HIV replication in coinfected human macrophages. J Infect Dis 2021; 225:1675-1679. [PMID: 34910807 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic immune activation is the key pathogenetic event of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection. In the present study, we have assessed the therapeutic value of phosphatidylserine-liposome (PS-L) in an in vitro model of MTB/HIV coinfection. Our results show that PS-L reduce NF-κB activation and the downstream production of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in BCG-infected macrophages and of TNF-α and IL-1β in MTB-infected and in MTB/HIV-coinfected macrophages. Importantly, a significant reduction of intracellular MTB viability and HIV replication were also observed. These results support the further exploitation of PS-L as a host directed therapy for MTB/HIV coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Poerio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - N Caccamo
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - M P La Manna
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - T Olimpieri
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - L Henrici De Angelis
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - M M D'Andrea
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - F Dieli
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Fraziano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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12
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Chatterjee R, Chowdhury AR, Mukherjee D, Chakravortty D. Lipid larceny: channelizing host lipids for establishing successful pathogenesis by bacteria. Virulence 2021; 12:195-216. [PMID: 33356849 PMCID: PMC7808437 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1869441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are complex organic compounds made up of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. These play a diverse and intricate role in cellular processes like membrane trafficking, protein sorting, signal transduction, and bacterial infections. Both Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus sp., Listeria monocytogenes, etc.) and Gram-negative bacteria (Chlamydia sp., Salmonella sp., E. coli, etc.) can hijack the various host-lipids and utilize them structurally as well as functionally to mount a successful infection. The pathogens can deploy with various arsenals to exploit host membrane lipids and lipid-associated receptors as an attachment for toxins' landing or facilitate their entry into the host cellular niche. Bacterial species like Mycobacterium sp. can also modulate the host lipid metabolism to fetch its carbon source from the host. The sequential conversion of host membrane lipids into arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E2 due to increased activity of cPLA-2 and COX-2 upon bacterial infection creates immunosuppressive conditions and facilitates the intracellular growth and proliferation of bacteria. However, lipids' more debatable role is that they can also be a blessing in disguise. Certain host-lipids, especially sphingolipids, have been shown to play a crucial antibacterial role and help the host in combating the infections. This review shed light on the detailed role of host lipids in bacterial infections and the current understanding of the lipid in therapeutics. We have also discussed potential prospects and the need of the hour to help us cope in this race against deadly pathogens and their rapidly evolving stealthy virulence strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Chatterjee
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Atish Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Debapriya Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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13
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Buya AB, Witika BA, Bapolisi AM, Mwila C, Mukubwa GK, Memvanga PB, Makoni PA, Nkanga CI. Application of Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Antitubercular Drug Delivery: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2041. [PMID: 34959323 PMCID: PMC8708335 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial drugs currently used for the management of tuberculosis (TB) exhibit poor bioavailability that necessitates prolonged treatment regimens and high dosing frequency to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes. In addition, these agents cause severe adverse effects, as well as having detrimental interactions with other drugs used in the treatment of comorbid conditions such as HIV/AIDS. The challenges associated with the current TB regimens contribute to low levels of patient adherence and, consequently, the development of multidrug-resistant TB strains. This has led to the urgent need to develop newer drug delivery systems to improve the treatment of TB. Targeted drug delivery systems provide higher drug concentrations at the infection site, thus leading to reduced incidences of adverse effects. Lipid-based nanocarriers have proven to be effective in improving the solubility and bioavailability of antimicrobials whilst decreasing the incidence of adverse effects through targeted delivery. The potential application of lipid-based carriers such as liposomes, niosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nano and microemulsions, and self-emulsifying drug delivery systems for the treatment of TB is reviewed herein. The composition of the investigated lipid-based carriers, their characteristics, and their influence on bioavailability, toxicity, and sustained drug delivery are also discussed. Overall, lipid-based systems have shown great promise in anti-TB drug delivery applications. The summary of the reviewed data encourages future efforts to boost the translational development of lipid-based nanocarriers to improve TB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristote B. Buya
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa XI B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (A.B.B.); (G.K.M.); (P.B.M.)
| | - Bwalya A. Witika
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa;
| | - Alain M. Bapolisi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Public Health, Official University of Bukavu, Bukavu 570, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
| | - Chiluba Mwila
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia;
| | - Grady K. Mukubwa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa XI B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (A.B.B.); (G.K.M.); (P.B.M.)
| | - Patrick B. Memvanga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa XI B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (A.B.B.); (G.K.M.); (P.B.M.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Public Health, Official University of Bukavu, Bukavu 570, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
| | - Pedzisai A. Makoni
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Christian I. Nkanga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa XI B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (A.B.B.); (G.K.M.); (P.B.M.)
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14
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Grassi G, Vanini V, De Santis F, Romagnoli A, Aiello A, Casetti R, Cimini E, Bordoni V, Notari S, Cuzzi G, Mosti S, Gualano G, Palmieri F, Fraziano M, Goletti D, Agrati C, Sacchi A. PMN-MDSC Frequency Discriminates Active Versus Latent Tuberculosis and Could Play a Role in Counteracting the Immune-Mediated Lung Damage in Active Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:594376. [PMID: 33981297 PMCID: PMC8107479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.594376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, is still the principal cause of death caused by a single infectious agent. The balance between the bacillus and host defense mechanisms reflects the different manifestations of the pathology. Factors defining this variety are unclear and likely involve both mycobacterial and immunological components. Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) have been shown to be expanded during TB, but their role in human TB pathogenesis is not clear. We evaluated the frequency of circulating MDSC by flow-cytometry in 19 patients with active TB, 18 with latent TB infection (LTBI), and 12 healthy donors (HD) as control. Moreover, we investigated the capacity of MDSC to modulate the mycobactericidal activity of monocytes. The association between MDSC level and TB chest X-ray severity score was analyzed. We observed that, unlike active TB, polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSC are not expanded in LTBI patients, and, by performing a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, we found that PMN-MDSC frequency supported the discrimination between active disease and LTBI. Interestingly, we observed an association between PMN-MDSC levels and the severity of TB disease evaluated by chest X-ray. Specifically, PMN-MDSC frequency was higher in those classified with a low/mild severity score compared to those classified with a high severity score. Moreover, PMN-MDSC can impact mycobacterial growth by inducing ROS production in Bacillus Calmette et Guerin (BCG)-infected monocytes. This effect was lost when tested with M. tuberculosis (MTB), In conclusion, our data indicate that the elevated frequency of PMN-MDSC in IGRA-positive individuals is associated with active TB. Our findings also pointed out a beneficial role of PMN-MDSC during human active TB, most likely associated with the limitation of inflammation-induced tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germana Grassi
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Vanini
- Laboratory of Translational Research, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Romagnoli
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research, and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'Lazzaro Spallanzani'-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Aiello
- Laboratory of Translational Research, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Casetti
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cimini
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Bordoni
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Notari
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gilda Cuzzi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Mosti
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gina Gualano
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Palmieri
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fraziano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Delia Goletti
- Laboratory of Translational Research, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Agrati
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sacchi
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology, National Institute for infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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15
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Poerio N, De Santis F, Rossi A, Ranucci S, De Fino I, Henriquez A, D’Andrea MM, Ciciriello F, Lucidi V, Nisini R, Bragonzi A, Fraziano M. Liposomes Loaded With Phosphatidylinositol 5-Phosphate Improve the Antimicrobial Response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Impaired Macrophages From Cystic Fibrosis Patients and Limit Airway Inflammatory Response. Front Immunol 2020; 11:532225. [PMID: 33117337 PMCID: PMC7562816 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.532225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory therapies, cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are subjected to chronic infections due to opportunistic pathogens, including multidrug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Macrophages from CF patients show many evidences of reduced phagocytosis in terms of internalization capability, phagosome maturation, and intracellular bacterial killing. In this study, we investigated if apoptotic body-like liposomes (ABLs) loaded with phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate (PI5P), known to regulate actin dynamics and vesicular trafficking, could restore phagocytic machinery while limiting inflammatory response in in vitro and in vivo models of MDR P. aeruginosa infection. Our results show that the in vitro treatment with ABL carrying PI5P (ABL/PI5P) enhances bacterial uptake, ROS production, phagosome acidification, and intracellular bacterial killing in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) with pharmacologically inhibited cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator channel (CFTR), and improve uptake and intracellular killing of MDR P. aeruginosa in CF macrophages with impaired bactericidal activity. Moreover, ABL/PI5P stimulation of CFTR-inhibited MDM infected with MDR P. aeruginosa significantly reduces NF-κB activation and the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, while increasing IL-10 and TGF-β levels. The therapeutic efficacy of ABL/PI5P given by pulmonary administration was evaluated in a murine model of chronic infection with MDR P. aeruginosa. The treatment with ABL/PI5P significantly reduces pulmonary neutrophil infiltrate and the levels of KC and MCP-2 cytokines in the lungs, without affecting pulmonary bacterial load. Altogether, these results show that the ABL/PI5P treatment may represent a promising host-directed therapeutic approach to improve the impaired phagocytosis and to limit the potentially tissue-damaging inflammatory response in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Poerio
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Roma, Italy
| | - Federica De Santis
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Roma, Italy
| | - Alice Rossi
- Unità di Infezioni e Fibrosi Cistica, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Serena Ranucci
- Unità di Infezioni e Fibrosi Cistica, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Ida De Fino
- Unità di Infezioni e Fibrosi Cistica, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Ana Henriquez
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco M. D’Andrea
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Roma, Italy
| | - Fabiana Ciciriello
- Unità Operativa Complessa Fibrosi Cistica, Dipartimento di Medicina Pediatrica, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzina Lucidi
- Unità Operativa Complessa Fibrosi Cistica, Dipartimento di Medicina Pediatrica, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Nisini
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bragonzi
- Unità di Infezioni e Fibrosi Cistica, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fraziano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Roma, Italy
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16
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Varma DM, Zahid MSH, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Formulation of host-targeted therapeutics against bacterial infections. Transl Res 2020; 220:98-113. [PMID: 32268128 PMCID: PMC10132281 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The global burden of bacterial infections is rising due to increasing resistance to the majority of first-line antibiotics, rendering these drugs ineffective against several clinically important pathogens. Limited transport of antibiotics into cells compounds this problem for gram-negative bacteria that exhibit prominent intracellular lifecycles. Furthermore, poor bioavailability of antibiotics in infected tissues necessitates higher doses and longer treatment regimens to treat resistant infections. Although emerging antibiotics can combat these problems, resistance still may develop over time. Expanding knowledge of host-pathogen interactions has inspired research and development of host-directed therapies (HDTs). HDTs target host-cell machinery critical for bacterial pathogenesis to treat bacterial infections alone or as adjunctive treatment with traditional antibiotics. Unlike traditional antibiotics that directly affect bacteria, a majority of HDTs function by boosting the endogenous antimicrobial activity of cells and are consequently less prone to bacterial tolerance induced by selection pressure. Therefore, HDTs can be quite effective against intracellular cytosolic or vacuolar bacteria, which a majority of traditional antibiotics are unable to eradicate. However, in vivo therapeutic efficacy of HDTs is reliant on adequate bioavailability. Particle-based formulations demonstrate the potential to enable targeted drug delivery, enhance cellular uptake, and increase drug concentration in the host cell of HDTs. This review selected HDTs for clinically important pathogens, identifies formulation strategies that can improve their therapeutic efficacy and offers insights toward further development of HDTs for bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika M Varma
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - M Shamim Hasan Zahid
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Eric M Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kristy M Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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17
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Rajak BL, Kumar R, Gogoi M, Patra S. Antimicrobial Activity of Nanomaterials. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY FOR A SUSTAINABLE WORLD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-29207-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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18
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Galeas-Pena M, McLaughlin N, Pociask D. The role of the innate immune system on pulmonary infections. Biol Chem 2019; 400:443-456. [PMID: 29604208 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inhalation is required for respiration and life in all vertebrates. This process is not without risk, as it potentially exposes the host to environmental pathogens with every breath. This makes the upper respiratory tract one of the most common routes of infection and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. To combat this, the lung relies on the innate immune defenses. In contrast to the adaptive immune system, the innate immune system does not require sensitization, previous exposure or priming to attack foreign particles. In the lung, the innate immune response starts with the epithelial barrier and mucus production and is reinforced by phagocytic cells and T cells. These cells are vital for the production of cytokines, chemokines and anti-microbial peptides that are critical for clearance of infectious agents. In this review, we discuss all aspects of the innate immune response, with a special emphasis on ways to target aspects of the immune response to combat antibiotic resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Galeas-Pena
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 333 S. Liberty St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Nathaniel McLaughlin
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 333 S. Liberty St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Derek Pociask
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 333 S. Liberty St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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19
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De Santis F, Poerio N, Gismondi A, Nanni V, Di Marco G, Nisini R, Thaller MC, Canini A, Fraziano M. Hydroalcoholic extract from Origanum vulgare induces a combined anti-mycobacterial and anti-inflammatory response in innate immune cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213150. [PMID: 30830942 PMCID: PMC6398838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In nature, many plants or their extracted compounds have been found to possess anti-inflammatory features and therapeutic properties against infectious as well as non-infectious diseases, including cancer. In this study, we analysed the immunomodulatory effects on innate immune cells of hydroalcoholic extract from Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum (HyE-Ov), a plant traditionally known for its anti-oxidative properties. The effects of HyE-Ov were tested on human monocyte derived dendritic cells (DC), type-1 (M1) and type-2 macrophages (M2) infected with M. bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), used as a model of persistent intracellular bacterium. DC, M1 and M2 treated with HyE-Ov significantly enhanced their mycobactericidal activity, which was associated with phagosomal acidification in M1 and M2 and increase of phagosomal, but not mitochondrial ROS production in M1, M2, and DC. Treatment of BCG-infected DC with HyE-Ov significantly reduced TNF-α and IL-12 production and increased TGF-β synthesis. Finally, experiments were repeated using eight different HPLC fractions of HyE-Ov. Results showed that the capability to activate anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory response is shared by different fractions, suggesting that diverse bioactive molecules are present within the hydroalcoholic extract. Altogether, these results show that HyE-Ov promotes anti-mycobacterial innate immunity and limits inflammatory response in vitro and suggest that this plant extract may be exploitable as phytocomplex or nutraceutical for novel host-directed therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noemi Poerio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Gismondi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Nanni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Di Marco
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Nisini
- Department of infectious diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Canini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fraziano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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20
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Bekale RB, Du Plessis SM, Hsu NJ, Sharma JR, Sampson SL, Jacobs M, Meyer M, Morse GD, Dube A. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Interactions with the Host Immune System: Opportunities for Nanoparticle Based Immunotherapeutics and Vaccines. Pharm Res 2018; 36:8. [PMID: 30411187 PMCID: PMC6362825 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2528-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a deadly infectious disease. The thin pipeline of new drugs for TB, the ineffectiveness in adults of the only vaccine available, i.e. the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine, and increasing global antimicrobial resistance, has reinvigorated interest in immunotherapies. Nanoparticles (NPs) potentiate the effect of immune modulating compounds (IMC), enabling cell targeting, improved transfection of antigens, enhanced compound stability and provide opportunities for synergistic action, via delivery of multiple IMCs. In this review we describe work performed in the application of NPs towards achieving immune modulation for TB treatment and vaccination. Firstly, we present a comprehensive review of M. tuberculosis and how the bacterium modulates the host immune system. We find that current work suggest great promise of NP based immunotherapeutics as novel treatments and vaccination systems. There is need to intensify research efforts in this field, and rationally design novel NP immunotherapeutics based on current knowledge of the mycobacteriology and immune escape mechanisms employed by M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymonde B Bekale
- Discipline of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Su-Mari Du Plessis
- NRF-DST Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nai-Jen Hsu
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jyoti R Sharma
- National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Samantha L Sampson
- NRF-DST Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Muazzam Jacobs
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Immunology of Infectious Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mervin Meyer
- DST/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC), Biolabels Unit, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape (UWC), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gene D Morse
- AIDS Clinical Trials Group Pharmacology Specialty Laboratory, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Admire Dube
- Discipline of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
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21
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The RNA binding protein Sam68 controls T helper 1 differentiation and anti-mycobacterial response through modulation of miR-29. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:1169-1180. [PMID: 30258098 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polarization of naive T cells into interferon (IFN)-γ-producing T helper 1 (Th1) cells is an essential event in the inflammatory response to pathogens. Herein, we identify the RNA binding protein Sam68 as a specific modulator of Th1 differentiation. Sam68-knockout (ko) naive T cells are strongly defective in IL-12-mediated Th1 polarization and express low levels of T-bet and Eomes. Consequently, Sam68-ko Th1 cells are significantly impaired in IFN-γ production. Moreover, we found that Sam68 is required for the induction of an inflammatory Th1 response during Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) infection, thus limiting bacterial dissemination in the lungs. Mechanistically, Sam68 directly binds to the microRNA miR-29, a negative regulator of Th1 response, and inhibits its expression during BCG infection. These findings uncover a novel post-transcriptional mechanism required for the Th1-mediated defense against intracellular pathogens and identify a new function for Sam68 in the regulation of the immune response.
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22
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Sultan I, Rahman S, Jan AT, Siddiqui MT, Mondal AH, Haq QMR. Antibiotics, Resistome and Resistance Mechanisms: A Bacterial Perspective. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2066. [PMID: 30298054 PMCID: PMC6160567 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
History of mankind is regarded as struggle against infectious diseases. Rather than observing the withering away of bacterial diseases, antibiotic resistance has emerged as a serious global health concern. Medium of antibiotic resistance in bacteria varies greatly and comprises of target protection, target substitution, antibiotic detoxification and block of intracellular antibiotic accumulation. Further aggravation to prevailing situation arose on observing bacteria gradually becoming resistant to different classes of antibiotics through acquisition of resistance genes from same and different genera of bacteria. Attributing bacteria with feature of better adaptability, dispersal of antibiotic resistance genes to minimize effects of antibiotics by various means including horizontal gene transfer (conjugation, transformation, and transduction), Mobile genetic elements (plasmids, transposons, insertion sequences, integrons, and integrative-conjugative elements) and bacterial toxin-antitoxin system led to speedy bloom of antibiotic resistance amongst bacteria. Proficiency of bacteria to obtain resistance genes generated an unpleasant situation; a grave, but a lot unacknowledged, feature of resistance gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insha Sultan
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
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23
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Nisini R, Poerio N, Mariotti S, De Santis F, Fraziano M. The Multirole of Liposomes in Therapy and Prevention of Infectious Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:155. [PMID: 29459867 PMCID: PMC5807682 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes are closed bilayer structures spontaneously formed by hydrated phospholipids that are widely used as efficient delivery systems for drugs or antigens, due to their capability to encapsulate bioactive hydrophilic, amphipathic, and lipophilic molecules into inner water phase or within lipid leaflets. The efficacy of liposomes as drug or antigen carriers has been improved in the last years to ameliorate pharmacokinetics and capacity to release their cargo in selected target organs or cells. Moreover, different formulations and variations in liposome composition have been often proposed to include immunostimulatory molecules, ligands for specific receptors, or stimuli responsive compounds. Intriguingly, independent research has unveiled the capacity of several phospholipids to play critical roles as intracellular messengers in modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses through various mechanisms, including (i) activation of different antimicrobial enzymatic pathways, (ii) driving the fusion–fission events between endosomes with direct consequences to phagosome maturation and/or to antigen presentation pathway, and (iii) modulation of the inflammatory response. These features can be exploited by including selected bioactive phospholipids in the bilayer scaffold of liposomes. This would represent an important step forward since drug or antigen carrying liposomes could be engineered to simultaneously activate different signal transduction pathways and target specific cells or tissues to induce antigen-specific T and/or B cell response. This lipid-based host-directed strategy can provide a focused antimicrobial innate and adaptive immune response against specific pathogens and offer a novel prophylactic or therapeutic option against chronic, recurrent, or drug-resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Nisini
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Noemi Poerio
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Mariotti
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica De Santis
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fraziano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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