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Rich K, Rehman S, Jerman J, Wilkinson G. Investigating the potential of GalR2 as a drug target for neuropathic pain. Neuropeptides 2023; 98:102311. [PMID: 36580831 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a chronic and debilitating condition characterised by episodes of hyperalgesia and allodynia. It occurs following nerve damage from disease, inflammation or injury and currently impacts up to 17% of the UK population. Existing therapies lack efficacy and have deleterious side effects that can be severely limiting. Galanin receptor 2 (GalR2) is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) implicated in the control and processing of painful stimuli. Within the nervous system it is expressed in key tissues involved in these actions such as dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Stimulation of GalR2 is widely reported to have a role in the attenuation of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Several studies have indicated GalR2 as a possible drug target, highlighting the potential of specific GalR2 agonists to both provide efficacy and to address the side-effect profiles of current pain therapies in clinical use. A strong biological target for drug discovery will be well validated with regards to its role in the relevant disease pathology. Ideally there will be good translational models, sensitive probes, selective and appropriate molecular tools, translational biomarkers, a clearly defined patient population and strong opportunities for commercialisation. Before GalR2 can be considered as a drug target suitable for investment, key questions need to be asked regarding its expression profile, receptor signalling and ligand interactions. This article aims to critically review the available literature and determine the current strength of hypothesis of GalR2 as a target for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Rich
- Medicines Discovery Catapult, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4ZF, UK.
| | - Samrina Rehman
- Medicines Discovery Catapult, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4ZF, UK; Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jeff Jerman
- LifeArc, Translational Science, SBC Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage SG1 2FX, UK
| | - Graeme Wilkinson
- Medicines Discovery Catapult, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4ZF, UK
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2
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A New Gal in Town: A Systematic Review of the Role of Galanin and Its Receptors in Experimental Pain. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050839. [PMID: 35269462 PMCID: PMC8909084 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Galanin is a neuropeptide expressed in a small percentage of sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia and the superficial lamina of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. In this work, we systematically reviewed the literature regarding the role of galanin and its receptors in nociception at the spinal and supraspinal levels, as well as in chronic pain conditions. The literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, OVID, TRIP, and EMBASE using "Galanin" AND "pain" as keywords. Of the 1379 papers that were retrieved in the initial search, we included a total of 141 papers in this review. Using the ARRIVE guidelines, we verified that 89.1% of the works were of good or moderate quality. Galanin shows a differential role in pain, depending on the pain state, site of action, and concentration. Under normal settings, galanin can modulate nociceptive processing through both a pro- and anti-nociceptive action, in a dose-dependent manner. This peptide also plays a key role in chronic pain conditions and its antinociceptive action at both a spinal and supraspinal level is enhanced, reducing animals' hypersensitivity to both mechanical and thermal stimulation. Our results highlight galanin and its receptors as potential therapeutic targets in pain conditions.
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3
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Dong Y, Li CY, Zhang XM, Liu YN, Yang S, Li MN, Xu SL. The activation of galanin receptor 2 plays an antinociceptive effect in nucleus accumbens of rats with neuropathic pain. J Physiol Sci 2021; 71:6. [PMID: 33546583 PMCID: PMC10717428 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-021-00790-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Our previous research has shown that galanin plays an antinociceptive effect via binding to galanin receptors (GalRs) in nucleus accumbens (NAc). This study focused on the involvement of GalR2 in galanin-induced antinociceptive effect in NAc of neuropathic pain rats. The chronic constriction injury of sciatic nerve (CCI) was used to mimic neuropathic pain model. The hind paw withdrawal latency (HWL) to thermal stimulation and hind paw withdrawal threshold (HWT) to mechanical stimulation were measured as the indicators of pain threshold. The results showed that 14 and 28 days after CCI, the expression of GalR2 was up-regulated in bilateral NAc of rats, and intra-NAc injection of GalR2 antagonist M871 reversed galanin-induced increases in HWL and HWT of CCI rats. Furthermore, intra-NAc injection of GalR2 agonist M1145 induced increases in HWL and HWT at day 14 and day 28 after CCI, which could also be reversed by M871. Finally, we found that M1145-induced antinociceptive effect in NAc of CCI rats was stronger than that in intact rats. These results imply that the GalR2 is activated in the NAc from day 14 to day 28 after CCI and GalR2 is involved in the galanin-induced antinociceptive effect in NAc of CCI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dong
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Chong-Yang Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao-Min Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Ya-Nan Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Meng-Nan Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Shi-Lian Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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Mills EG, Izzi-Engbeaya C, Abbara A, Comninos AN, Dhillo WS. Functions of galanin, spexin and kisspeptin in metabolism, mood and behaviour. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:97-113. [PMID: 33273729 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-00438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The bioactive peptides galanin, spexin and kisspeptin have a common ancestral origin and their pathophysiological roles are increasingly the subject of investigation. Evidence suggests that these bioactive peptides play a role in the regulation of metabolism, pancreatic β-cell function, energy homeostasis, mood and behaviour in several species, including zebrafish, rodents and humans. Galanin signalling suppresses insulin secretion in animal models (but not in humans), is potently obesogenic and plays putative roles governing certain evolutionary behaviours and mood modulation. Spexin decreases insulin secretion and has potent anorectic, analgesic, anxiolytic and antidepressive-like effects in animal models. Kisspeptin modulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, food intake and/or energy expenditure in animal models and humans. Furthermore, kisspeptin is implicated in the control of reproductive behaviour in animals, modulation of human sexual and emotional brain processing, and has antidepressive and fear-suppressing effects. In addition, galanin-like peptide is a further member of the galaninergic family that plays emerging key roles in metabolism and behaviour. Therapeutic interventions targeting galanin, spexin and/or kisspeptin signalling pathways could therefore contribute to the treatment of conditions ranging from obesity to mood disorders. However, many gaps and controversies exist, which must be addressed before the therapeutic potential of these bioactive peptides can be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard G Mills
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chioma Izzi-Engbeaya
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ali Abbara
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Alexander N Comninos
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
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5
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Li M, Zhang X, Li C, Liu Y, Yang S, Xu S. Galanin Receptor 2 Is Involved in Galanin-Induced Analgesic Effect by Activating PKC and CaMKII in the Nucleus Accumbens of Inflammatory Pain Rats. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:593331. [PMID: 33551722 PMCID: PMC7859109 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.593331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that galanin has an analgesic effect via activating galanin receptors (GALRs). This study focused on the involvement of GALR2 in the galanin-induced analgesic effect and its signaling mechanism in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of inflammatory rats. Animal models were established through injecting carrageenan into the plantar of rats’ left hind paw. The results showed that GALR2 antagonist M871 weakened partially the galanin-induced increases in hind paw withdrawal latency (HWL) to thermal stimulation and hind paw withdrawal threshold (HWT) to mechanical stimulation in NAc of inflammatory rats. Moreover, the GALR2 agonist M1145 prolonged the HWL and HWT, while M871 blocked the M1145-induced increases in HWL and HWT. Western blotting showed that the phosphorylation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (p-CaMKII) and protein kinase C (p-PKC) in NAc were upregulated after carrageenan injection, while p-PKC and p-CaMKII were downregulated after intra-NAc administration of M871. Furthermore, the CaMKII inhibitor KN93 and PKC inhibitor GO6983 attenuated M1145-induced increases in HWL and HWT in NAc of rats with inflammatory pain. These results prove that GALR2 is involved in the galanin-induced analgesic effect by activating CaMKII and PKC in NAc of inflammatory pain rats, implying that GALR2 agonists probably are potent therapeutic options for inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chongyang Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shilian Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Yu M, Fang P, Wang H, Shen G, Zhang Z, Tang Z. Beneficial effects of galanin system on diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain and its complications. Peptides 2020; 134:170404. [PMID: 32898581 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP) is a distal spontaneous pain, caused by lesion of sensory neurons and accompanied by depression and anxiety frequently, which reduce life quality of patients and increase society expenditure. To date, antidepressants, serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors and anticonvulsants are addressed as first-line therapy to DPNP, alone or jointly. It is urgently necessary to develop novel agents to treat DPNP and its complications. Evidences indicate that neuropeptide galanin can regulate multiple physiologic and pathophysiological processes. Pain, depression and anxiety may upregulate galanin expression. In return, galanin can modulate depression, anxiety, pain threshold and pain behaviors. This article provides a new insight into regulative effects of galanin and its subtype receptors on antidepressant, antianxiety and against DPNP. Through activating GALR1, galanin reinforces depression-like and anxiogenic-like behaviors, but exerts antinociceptive roles. While via activating GALR2, galanin is referred to as anti-depressive and anti-anxiotropic compounds, and at low and high concentration facilitates and inhibits nociceptor activity, respectively. The mechanism of the galanin roles is relative to increase in K+ currents and decrease in Ca2+ currents, as well as neurotrophic and neuroprotective roles. These data are helpful to develop novel drugs to treat DPNP and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China; Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Penghua Fang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Guiqin Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China.
| | - Zongxiang Tang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
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Pałasz A, Suszka-Świtek A, Kaśkosz A, Plewka D, Bogus K, Filipczyk Ł, Błaszczyk I, Bacopoulou F, Worthington JJ, Piwowarczyk-Nowak A, Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor M, Wiaderkiewicz R. Spexin-expressing neurons in the magnocellular nuclei of the human hypothalamus. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 111:101883. [PMID: 33161073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are involved in numerous brain activities being responsible for a wide spectrum of higher mental functions. The purpose of this concise, structural and qualitative investigation was to map the possible immunoreactivity of the novel neuropeptide spexin (SPX) within the human magnocellular hypothalamus. SPX is a newly identified peptide, a natural ligand for the galanin receptors (GALR) 2/3, with no molecular structure similarities to currently known regulatory factors. SPX seems to have multiple physiological functions, with an involvement in reproduction and food-intake regulation recently revealed in animal studies. For the first time we describe SPX expressing neurons in the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei of the human hypothalamus using immunohistochemical and fluorescent methods, key regions involved in the mechanisms of osmotic homeostasis, energy expenditure, consummatory behaviour, reproductive processes, social recognition and stress responses. The vast majority of neurons located in both examined neurosecretory nuclei show abundant SPX expression and this may indirectly implicate a potential contribution of SPX signalling to the hypothalamic physiology in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology, School of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Suszka-Świtek
- Department of Histology, School of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kaśkosz
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Danuta Plewka
- Department of Cytophysiology, School of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bogus
- Department of Histology, School of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Filipczyk
- Department of Histology, School of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Iwona Błaszczyk
- Department of Histology, School of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - John J Worthington
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Aneta Piwowarczyk-Nowak
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz
- Department of Histology, School of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
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Wang L, Hou K, Wang H, Fu F, Yu L. Role of mu-opioid receptor in nociceptive modulation in anterior cingulate cortex of rats. Mol Pain 2020; 16:1744806920966144. [PMID: 33108956 PMCID: PMC7607811 DOI: 10.1177/1744806920966144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lots of studies have demonstrated that anterior cingulate cortex plays important roles in the pain perception and pain modulation. The present study explored the role of mu-opioid receptor in nociceptive modulation in anterior cingulate cortex of rats with neuropathic pain. Neuropathic pain model was set up by chronic constriction injury of the left sciatic nerve of rats. The hindpaw withdrawal latency to thermal and mechanical stimulation, by hot plate and Randall Selitto Test respectively, was used to evaluate the rat’s responses to noxious stimulation. Results showed that intra-anterior cingulate cortex injection of morphine could induce the antinociception dose-dependently. By intra-anterior cingulate cortex injection of opioid receptor antagonist, the morphine-induced antinociception could be attenuated by naloxone, as well as much significantly by the selective mu-opioid receptor antagonist β-funaltrexamine, indicating that mu-opioid receptor is involved in the morphine-induced antinociception in anterior cingulate cortex of rats with neuropathic pain. The morphine-induced antinociception was much more decreased in rats with neuropathic pain than that in normal rats, and there was a significant decrease in mu-opioid receptor messenger RNA levels in anterior cingulate cortex of rats with neuropathic pain, indicating that there may be a down-regulation in mu-opioid receptor expression in anterior cingulate cortex of rats with neuropathic pain. To further confirm the role of mu-opioid receptor in morphine-induced antinociception in anterior cingulate cortex, normal rats were received intra-anterior cingulate cortex administration of small interfering RNA targeting mu-opioid receptor and it was found that there was a down-regulation in mu-opioid receptor messenger RNA levels, as well as a down-regulation in mu-opioid receptor expression in anterior cingulate cortex tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Furthermore, the morphine-induced antinociceptive effect decreased significantly in rats with small interfering RNA targeting mu-opioid receptor, which indicated that knockdown mu-opioid receptor in anterior cingulate cortex could also attenuate morphine-induced antinociceptive effect. These results strongly suggest that mu-opioid receptor plays a significant role in nociceptive modulation in anterior cingulate cortex of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Kesai Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Fenghua Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Longchuan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, P.R. China.,Neurobiology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
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9
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Hou KS, Wang LL, Wang HB, Fu FH, Yu LC. Role of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide in Nociceptive Modulationin Anterior Cingulate Cortex of Naïve Rats and Rats With Inflammatory Pain. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:928. [PMID: 32670060 PMCID: PMC7332858 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Sai Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Lin-Lin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Hong-Bo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Feng-Hua Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
- *Correspondence: Feng-Hua Fu, ; Long-Chuan Yu,
| | - Long-Chuan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
- Neurobiology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Feng-Hua Fu, ; Long-Chuan Yu,
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Kuner R, Kuner T. Cellular Circuits in the Brain and Their Modulation in Acute and Chronic Pain. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:213-258. [PMID: 32525759 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00040.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic, pathological pain remains a global health problem and a challenge to basic and clinical sciences. A major obstacle to preventing, treating, or reverting chronic pain has been that the nature of neural circuits underlying the diverse components of the complex, multidimensional experience of pain is not well understood. Moreover, chronic pain involves diverse maladaptive plasticity processes, which have not been decoded mechanistically in terms of involvement of specific circuits and cause-effect relationships. This review aims to discuss recent advances in our understanding of circuit connectivity in the mammalian brain at the level of regional contributions and specific cell types in acute and chronic pain. A major focus is placed on functional dissection of sub-neocortical brain circuits using optogenetics, chemogenetics, and imaging technological tools in rodent models with a view towards decoding sensory, affective, and motivational-cognitive dimensions of pain. The review summarizes recent breakthroughs and insights on structure-function properties in nociceptive circuits and higher order sub-neocortical modulatory circuits involved in aversion, learning, reward, and mood and their modulation by endogenous GABAergic inhibition, noradrenergic, cholinergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic, and peptidergic pathways. The knowledge of neural circuits and their dynamic regulation via functional and structural plasticity will be beneficial towards designing and improving targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Kuner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; and Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kuner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; and Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Zhang Y, Gao Y, Li CY, Dong W, Li MN, Liu YN, Dong Y, Xu SL. Galanin plays a role in antinociception via binding to galanin receptors in the nucleus accumbens of rats with neuropathic pain. Neurosci Lett 2019; 706:93-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Zhang Y, Gao Y, Li CY, Dong W, Dong Y, Li MN, Liu YN, Xu SL. Galanin receptor 1 plays an antinociceptive effect via inhibiting PKA activation in the nucleus accumbens of rats with neuropathic pain. Physiol Res 2019; 68:511-518. [PMID: 30904004 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Galanin and galanin receptors (GalRs) have been reported to be involved in the transmission and modulation of nociceptive information in the central nervous system (CNS). However, the underlying mechanism of the antinociception of GalRs in neuropathic pain remains unclear. This study investigated the antinociception induced by galanin receptor 1 (GalR1) via protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of rats with neuropathic pain. A mononeuropathy model was replicated by ligation of the left sciatic nerve, following which the expression of phospho-PKA (p-PKA) in the NAc were markedly up-regulated at 14(th) and 28(th) day after ligation of sciatic nerve, and p-PKA expression was down-regulated by intra-NAc injection of GalR1 agonist M617, but the GalR1 antagonist M35 did not have an effect. We also found that M35 in the NAc blocked the M617-induced increase in the hind paw withdrawal latencies (HWLs) of rats with mononeuropathy, but M35 alone had no effect on HWLs, and PKA inhibitor H-89 attenuated the M617-induced an increase in the HWLs. These results suggested that GalR1 induced an antinociception via inhibiting PKA activation, implying that GalR agonists may be potential and potent therapeutic options to treat chronic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
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Ma A, Bai J, He M, Wong AOL. Spexin as a neuroendocrine signal with emerging functions. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 265:90-96. [PMID: 29355530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Spexin (SPX), a novel peptide coevolved with the galanin/kisspeptin family, was first identified by bioinformatics prior to its protein purification/functional studies. Its mature peptide is highly conserved among different vertebrate classes. Based on the studies in mammals and fish models, SPX was found to be widely distributed at tissue level, secreted into systemic circulation, identified at notable levels in central nervous system and peripheral tissues, and has been confirmed/implicated in multiple functions in different tissues/organs, suggesting that SPX may serve as a neuroendocrine signal with pleotropic functions. In this article, different isoforms of SPX and their binding with their cognate receptors GalR2 and GalR3, the biological functions of SPX reported in mammals including GI tract movement, energy balance and weight loss, fatty acid uptake, glucose homeostasis, nociception and cardiovascular/renal functions, as well as the recent findings in fish models regarding the role of SPX in reproduction and feeding control will be reviewed with interesting questions for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin Bai
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mulan He
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anderson O L Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Li SY, Huo ML, Wu XY, Huang YQ, Wang L, Zhang X, Jiang YM, Zhang ML, Wang LL, Yu LC. Involvement of galanin and galanin receptor 1 in nociceptive modulation in the central nucleus of amygdala in normal and neuropathic rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15317. [PMID: 29127424 PMCID: PMC5681679 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed to explore the role of galanin and galanin receptor 1 (GalR 1) in nociceptive modulation in the central nucleus of amygdala (CeA) in normal rats and rats with neuropathy, and the involvement of GalR 1 and PKC was also investigated. The hindpaw withdrawal latencies (HWLs) to thermal and mechanical stimulations were increased in a dose-dependent manner after intra-CeA injection of galanin in both normal rats and rats with neuropathy. The increased HWLs were significantly attenuated by intra-CeA injection of galanin receptor antagonist M40, indicating an involvement of galanin receptor in nociceptive modulation in CeA. Furthermore, intra-CeA administration of the GalR 1 agonist M 617 induced increases in HWLs in normal rats, suggesting that GalR 1 may be involved in galanin-induce antinociception in CeA. Additionally, intra-CeA injection of the PKC inhibitor inhibited galanin-induced antinociception, showing an involvement of PKC in galanin-induced antinociception in CeA of normal rats. Moreover, there was a significant increase in GalR1 content in CeA in rats with neuropathy than that in normal rats. These results illustrated that galanin induced antinociception in CeA in normal rats and rats with neuropathy, and there is an up-regulation of GalR1 expression in rats with neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Ling Huo
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Yang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Qing Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Mei Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Lin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Lin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P.R. China
| | - Long-Chuan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P.R. China.
- Neurobiology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China.
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