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Ueno Y, Akimoto S. Long-term light adaptation of light-harvesting and energy-transfer processes in the glaucophyte Cyanophora paradoxa under different light conditions. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2024; 159:165-175. [PMID: 37233900 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In response to fluctuation in light intensity and quality, oxygenic photosynthetic organisms modify their light-harvesting and excitation energy-transfer processes to maintain optimal photosynthetic activity. Glaucophytes, which are a group of primary symbiotic algae, possess light-harvesting antennas called phycobilisomes (PBSs) consistent with cyanobacteria and red algae. However, compared with cyanobacteria and red algae, glaucophytes are poorly studied and there are few reports on the regulation of photosynthesis in the group. In this study, we examined the long-term light adaptation of light-harvesting functions in a glaucophyte, Cyanophora paradoxa, grown under different light conditions. Compared with cells grown under white light, the relative number of PBSs to photosystems (PSs) increased in blue-light-grown cells and decreased in green-, yellow-, and red-light-grown cells. Moreover, the PBS number increased with increment in the monochromatic light intensity. More energy was transferred from PBSs to PSII than to PSI under blue light, whereas energy transfer from PBSs to PSII was reduced under green and yellow lights, and energy transfer from the PBSs to both PSs decreased under red light. Decoupling of PBSs was induced by intense green, yellow, and red lights. Energy transfer from PSII to PSI (spillover) was observed, but the contribution of the spillover did not distinctly change depending on the culture light intensity and quality. These results suggest that the glaucophyte C. paradoxa modifies the light-harvesting abilities of both PSs and excitation energy-transfer processes between the light-harvesting antennas and both PSs during long-term light adaption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Ueno
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
- Institute of Arts and Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
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2
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Van Etten J, Benites LF, Stephens TG, Yoon HS, Bhattacharya D. Algae obscura: The potential of rare species as model systems. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2023; 59:293-300. [PMID: 36764681 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Model organism research has provided invaluable knowledge about foundational biological principles. However, most of these studies have focused on species that are in high abundance, easy to cultivate in the lab, and represent only a small fraction of extant biodiversity. Here, we present three examples of rare algae with unusual features that we refer to as "algae obscura." The Cyanidiophyceae (Rhodophyta), Glaucophyta, and Paulinella (rhizarian) lineages have all transitioned out of obscurity to become models for fundamental evolutionary research. Insights have been gained into the prevalence and importance of eukaryotic horizontal gene transfer, early Earth microbial community dynamics, primary plastid endosymbiosis, and the origin of Archaeplastida. By reviewing the research that has come from the exploration of these organisms, we demonstrate that underappreciated algae have the potential to help us formulate, refine, and substantiate core hypotheses and that such organisms should be considered when establishing future model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Van Etten
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Luiz Felipe Benites
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Timothy G Stephens
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hwan Su Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Debashish Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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3
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Ogawa T, Sonoike K. Screening of mutants using chlorophyll fluorescence. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:653-664. [PMID: 33686578 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01276-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll fluorescence has been widely used for the estimation of photosynthesis or its regulatory mechanisms. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements are the methods with non-destructive nature and do not require contact between plant materials and fluorometers. Furthermore, the measuring process is very rapid. These characteristics of chlorophyll fluorescence measurements make them a suitable tool to screen mutants of photosynthesis-related genes. Furthermore, it has been shown that genes with a wide range of functions can be also analyzed by chlorophyll fluorescence through metabolic interactions. In this short review, we would like to first introduce the basic principle of the chlorophyll fluorescence measurements, and then explore the advantages and limitation of various screening methods. The emphasis is on the possibility of chlorophyll fluorescence measurements to screen mutants defective in metabolisms other than photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Ogawa
- Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Kintake Sonoike
- Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan.
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4
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Ogawa T, Suzuki K, Sonoike K. Respiration Interacts With Photosynthesis Through the Acceptor Side of Photosystem I, Reflected in the Dark-to-Light Induction Kinetics of Chlorophyll Fluorescence in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:717968. [PMID: 34394172 PMCID: PMC8355559 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.717968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In cyanobacteria, the photosynthetic prokaryotes, direct interaction between photosynthesis and respiration exists at plastoquinone (PQ) pool, which is shared by the two electron transport chains. Another possible point of intersection of the two electron transport chains is NADPH, which is the major electron donor to the respiratory chain as well as the final product of the photosynthetic chain. Here, we showed that the redox state of NADPH in the dark affected chlorophyll fluorescence induction in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 in a quantitative manner. Accumulation of the reduced NADPH in the dark due to the defect in type 1 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex in the respiratory chain resulted in the faster rise to the peak in the dark-to-light induction of chlorophyll fluorescence, while depletion of NADPH due to the defect in pentose phosphate pathway resulted in the delayed appearance of the initial peak in the induction kinetics. There was a strong correlation between the dark level of NADPH determined by its fluorescence and the peak position of the induction kinetics of chlorophyll fluorescence. These results indicate that photosynthesis interacts with respiration through NADPH, which enable us to monitor the redox condition of the acceptor side of photosystem I by simple measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence induction in cyanobacteria.
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Russell S, Jackson C, Reyes-Prieto A. High Sequence Divergence but Limited Architectural Rearrangements in Organelle Genomes of Cyanophora (Glaucophyta) Species. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2020; 68:e12831. [PMID: 33142007 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyanophora is the glaucophyte model taxon. Following the sequencing of the nuclear genome of C. paradoxa, studies based on single organelle and nuclear molecular markers revealed previously unrecognized species diversity within this glaucophyte genus. Here, we present the complete plastid (ptDNA) and mitochondrial (mtDNA) genomes of C. kugrensii, C. sudae, and C. biloba. The respective sizes and coding capacities of both ptDNAs and mtDNAs are conserved among Cyanophora species with only minor differences due to specific gene duplications. Organelle phylogenomic analyses consistently recover the species C. kugrensii and C. paradoxa as a clade and C. sudae and C. biloba as a separate group. The phylogenetic affiliations of the four Cyanophora species are consistent with architectural similarities shared at the organelle genomic level. Genetic distance estimations from both organelle sequences are also consistent with phylogenetic and architecture evidence. Comparative analyses confirm that the Cyanophora mitochondrial genes accumulate substitutions at 3-fold higher rates than plastid counterparts, suggesting that mtDNA markers are more appropriate to investigate glaucophyte diversity and evolutionary events that occur at a population level. The study of complete organelle genomes is becoming the standard for species delimitation and is particularly relevant to study cryptic diversity in microbial groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Russell
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, 10 Bailey Drive, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher Jackson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Adrian Reyes-Prieto
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, 10 Bailey Drive, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
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A fluorescence-based approach to screen for productive chemically mutagenized strains of Desmodesmus armatus. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Tanno Y, Kato S, Takahashi S, Tamaki S, Takaichi S, Kodama Y, Sonoike K, Shinomura T. Light dependent accumulation of β-carotene enhances photo-acclimation of Euglena gracilis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 209:111950. [PMID: 32682285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are essential components of photosynthetic organisms including land plants, algae, cyanobacteria, and photosynthetic bacteria. Although the light-mediated regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis, including the light/dark cycle as well as the dependence of carotenoid biosynthesis-related gene translation on light wavelength, has been investigated in land plants, these aspects have not been studied in microalgae. Here, we investigated carotenoid biosynthesis in Euglena gracilis and found that zeaxanthin accumulates in the dark. The major carotenoid species in E. gracilis, namely β-carotene, neoxanthin, diadinoxanthin and diatoxanthin, accumulated corresponding to the duration of light irradiation under the light/dark cycle, although the translation of carotenoid biosynthesis genes hardly changed. Irradiation with either blue or red-light (3 μmol photons m-2 s-1) caused a 1.3-fold increase in β-carotene content compared with the dark control. Blue-light irradiation (300 μmol photons m-2 s-1) caused an increase in the cellular content of both zeaxanthin and all trans-diatoxanthin, and this increase was proportional to blue-light intensity. In addition, pre-irradiation with blue-light of 3 or 30 μmol photons m-2 s-1 enhanced the photosynthetic activity and tolerance to high-light stress. These findings suggest that the accumulation of β-carotene is regulated by the intensity of light, which may contribute to the acclimation of E. gracilis to the light environment in day night conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Tanno
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Division of Integrated Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University Graduate Schools, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-8551, Japan
| | - Shota Kato
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-8551, Japan; Laboratory of Complex Biology, Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea; Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Senji Takahashi
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Division of Integrated Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University Graduate Schools, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-8551, Japan; Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-8551, Japan
| | - Shun Tamaki
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-8551, Japan
| | - Shinichi Takaichi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kodama
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Kintake Sonoike
- Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shinomura
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Division of Integrated Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University Graduate Schools, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-8551, Japan; Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-8551, Japan.
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Bannu SM, Lomada D, Gulla S, Chandrasekhar T, Reddanna P, Reddy MC. Potential Therapeutic Applications of C-Phycocyanin. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 20:967-976. [PMID: 31775595 DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666191127110857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer and other disorders such as inflammation, autoimmune diseases and diabetes are the major health problems observed all over the world. Therefore, identifying a therapeutic target molecule for the treatment of these diseases is urgently needed to benefit public health. C-Phycocyanin (C-PC) is an important light yielding pigment intermittently systematized in the cyanobacterial species along with other algal species. It has numerous applications in the field of biotechnology and drug industry and also possesses antioxidant, anticancer, antiinflammatory, enhanced immune function, including liver and kidney protection properties. The molecular mechanism of action of C-PC for its anticancer activity could be the blockage of cell cycle progression, inducing apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. OBJECTIVES The current review summarizes an update on therapeutic applications of C-PC, its mechanism of action and mainly focuses on the recent development in the field of C-PC as a drug that exhibits beneficial effects against various human diseases including cancer and inflammation. CONCLUSION The data from various studies suggest the therapeutic applications of C-PC such as anti-cancer activity, anti-inflammation, anti-angiogenic activity and healing capacity of certain autoimmune disorders. Mechanism of action of C-PC for its anticancer activity is the blockage of cell cycle progression, inducing apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. The future perspective of C-PC is to identify and define the molecular mechanism of its anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, which would shed light on our knowledge on therapeutic applications of C-PC and may contribute significant benefits to global public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira M Bannu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh 516 005, India
| | - Dakshayani Lomada
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh 516 005, India
| | - Surendra Gulla
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh 516 005, India
| | - Thummala Chandrasekhar
- Department of Environmental Science, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh 516005, India
| | - Pallu Reddanna
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 046, India
| | - Madhava C Reddy
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh 516 005, India
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Raven JA, Beardall J, Quigg A. Light-Driven Oxygen Consumption in the Water-Water Cycles and Photorespiration, and Light Stimulated Mitochondrial Respiration. PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN ALGAE: BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-33397-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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10
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Wessendorf RL, Lu Y. Introducing an Arabidopsis thaliana Thylakoid Thiol/Disulfide-Modulating Protein Into Synechocystis Increases the Efficiency of Photosystem II Photochemistry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1284. [PMID: 31681379 PMCID: PMC6805722 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic species are subjected to a variety of environmental stresses, including suboptimal irradiance. In oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, a major effect of high light exposure is damage to the Photosystem II (PSII) reaction-center protein D1. This process even happens under low or moderate light. To cope with photodamage to D1, photosynthetic organisms evolved an intricate PSII repair and reassembly cycle, which requires the participation of different auxiliary proteins, including thiol/disulfide-modulating proteins. Most of these auxiliary proteins exist ubiquitously in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. Due to differences in mobility and environmental conditions, land plants are subject to more extensive high light stress than algae and cyanobacteria. Therefore, land plants evolved additional thiol/disulfide-modulating proteins, such as Low Quantum Yield of PSII 1 (LQY1), to aid in the repair and reassembly cycle of PSII. In this study, we introduced an Arabidopsis thaliana homolog of LQY1 (AtLQY1) into the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 and performed a series of biochemical and physiological assays on AtLQY1-expressing Synechocystis. At a moderate growth light intensity (50 µmol photons m-2 s-1), AtLQY1-expressing Synechocystis was found to have significantly higher F v /F m , and lower nonphotochemical quenching and reactive oxygen species levels than the empty-vector control, which is opposite from the loss-of-function Atlqy1 mutant phenotype. Light response curve analysis of PSII operating efficiency and electron transport rate showed that AtLQY1-expressing Synechocystis also outperform the empty-vector control under higher light intensities. The increases in F v /F m , PSII operating efficiency, and PSII electron transport rate in AtLQY1-expressing Synechocystis under such growth conditions most likely come from an increased amount of PSII, because the level of D1 protein was found to be higher in AtLQY1-expressing Synechocystis. These results suggest that introducing AtLQY1 is beneficial to Synechocystis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
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Figueroa-Martinez F, Jackson C, Reyes-Prieto A. Plastid Genomes from Diverse Glaucophyte Genera Reveal a Largely Conserved Gene Content and Limited Architectural Diversity. Genome Biol Evol 2019; 11:174-188. [PMID: 30534986 PMCID: PMC6330054 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evy268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastid genome (ptDNA) data of Glaucophyta have been limited for many years to the genus Cyanophora. Here, we sequenced the ptDNAs of Gloeochaete wittrockiana, Cyanoptyche gloeocystis, Glaucocystis incrassata, and Glaucocystis sp. BBH. The reported sequences are the first genome-scale plastid data available for these three poorly studied glaucophyte genera. Although the Glaucophyta plastids appear morphologically “ancestral,” they actually bear derived genomes not radically different from those of red algae or viridiplants. The glaucophyte plastid coding capacity is highly conserved (112 genes shared) and the architecture of the plastid chromosomes is relatively simple. Phylogenomic analyses recovered Glaucophyta as the earliest diverging Archaeplastida lineage, but the position of viridiplants as the first branching group was not rejected by the approximately unbiased test. Pairwise distances estimated from 19 different plastid genes revealed that the highest sequence divergence between glaucophyte genera is frequently higher than distances between species of different classes within red algae or viridiplants. Gene synteny and sequence similarity in the ptDNAs of the two Glaucocystis species analyzed is conserved. However, the ptDNA of Gla. incrassata contains a 7.9-kb insertion not detected in Glaucocystis sp. BBH. The insertion contains ten open reading frames that include four coding regions similar to bacterial serine recombinases (two open reading frames), DNA primases, and peptidoglycan aminohydrolases. These three enzymes, often encoded in bacterial plasmids and bacteriophage genomes, are known to participate in the mobilization and replication of DNA mobile elements. It is therefore plausible that the insertion in Gla. incrassata ptDNA is derived from a DNA mobile element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Figueroa-Martinez
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada.,CONACyT-Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Biotechnology Department, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Christopher Jackson
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada.,School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adrian Reyes-Prieto
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
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Shimakawa G, Miyake C. Oxidation of P700 Ensures Robust Photosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1617. [PMID: 30459798 PMCID: PMC6232666 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In the light, photosynthetic cells can potentially suffer from oxidative damage derived from reactive oxygen species. Nevertheless, a variety of oxygenic photoautotrophs, including cyanobacteria, algae, and plants, manage their photosynthetic systems successfully. In the present article, we review previous research on how these photoautotrophs safely utilize light energy for photosynthesis without photo-oxidative damage to photosystem I (PSI). The reaction center chlorophyll of PSI, P700, is kept in an oxidized state in response to excess light, under high light and low CO2 conditions, to tune the light utilization and dissipate the excess photo-excitation energy in PSI. Oxidation of P700 is co-operatively regulated by a number of molecular mechanisms on both the electron donor and acceptor sides of PSI. The strategies to keep P700 oxidized are diverse among a variety of photoautotrophs, which are evolutionarily optimized for their ecological niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginga Shimakawa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Ogawa T, Sonoike K. Evaluation of the Condition of Respiration and Photosynthesis by Measuring Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Cyanobacteria. Bio Protoc 2018; 8:e2834. [DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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