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Yue Q, Huang C, Zhou R, Zhang Y, Wang D, Zhang Z, Chen H. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal potential regulatory pathways regulating bone metabolism pre- and postsexual maturity in hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103555. [PMID: 38417334 PMCID: PMC10907858 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
At the onset of sexual maturity, the increasing circulating estrogen stimulates the formation of medullary bone, which provides available calcium for eggshell formation. The bone loss of laying hens is caused by the continuous dynamic changes of structure bone leading to bone fragility and susceptibility. The degree of medullary bone mineralization in sexual maturity is positively correlated with bone quality in the late laying stage. This study aimed to explore the molecular regulation mechanism of bone metabolism pre- and postsexual maturity in hens based on the joint analysis of transcriptome and metabolome. A total of 50 Hy-line Sonia pullets with comparable body weight at 13 wk were selected. Eight pullets were killed at 15 wk (juvenile hens, JH) and 19 wk (laying hens, LH), and LHs were killed within 3 h after oviposition. Differentially expressed genes and metabolites in tibia were analyzed based on transcriptome and metabolome, and then combined to construct the relevant metabolisms and hub genes. In the LH hens, plasma levels of estrogen and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase were significantly elevated by 1.7 and 1.3 times. In addition, the midpoint diameter, bone mineral density and bone mineral content of the tibia and femur were higher at 19 wk of age. A total of 580 differentially expressed genes were found between the JH and LH group in the tibia, including 280 up-regulated, and 300 down-regulated genes in the LH group. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that the intracellular biosynthesis and secretion of matrix vesicles were significantly enrichment in the LH hens. A total of 21 differential metabolites were identified between JH and LH group. Estradiol valerate positively correlated with L-theanine, tryptophan betaine, dopamine, and perindopril. Joint analysis showed that the top 20 hub genes were enriched in cholesterol biosynthesis and phospholipid metabolism, which played a key regulatory role in bone metabolism during pre- and postsexual maturity. These results provide a theoretical foundation for maintaining efficient egg production and reducing bone health problems in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxian Yue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Chenxuan Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Rongyan Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China.
| | - Yinlang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Dehe Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Zhenhong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
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2
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Takito J, Nonaka N. Osteoclasts at Bone Remodeling: Order from Order. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 71:227-256. [PMID: 37996681 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated bone-resorbing cells derived from the monocyte/macrophage lineage. The macrophage colony-stimulating factor/receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (M-CSF/RANKL) signaling network governs the differentiation of precursor cells into fusion-competent mononucleated cells. Repetitive fusion of fusion-competent cells produces multinucleated osteoclasts. Osteoclasts are believed to die via apoptosis after bone resorption. However, recent studies have found that osteoclastogenesis in vivo proceeds by replacing the old nucleus of existing osteoclasts with a single newly differentiated mononucleated cell. Thus, the formation of new osteoclasts is minimal. Furthermore, the sizes of osteoclasts can change via cell fusion and fission in response to external conditions. On the other hand, osteoclastogenesis in vitro involves various levels of heterogeneity, including osteoclast precursors, mode of fusion, and properties of the differentiated osteoclasts. To better understand the origin of these heterogeneities and the plasticity of osteoclasts, we examine several processes of osteoclastogenesis in this review. Candidate mechanisms that create heterogeneity involve asymmetric cell division, osteoclast niche, self-organization, and mode of fusion and fission. Elucidation of the plasticity or fluctuation of the M-CSF/RANKL network should be an important topic for future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Takito
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Naoko Nonaka
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Sugahara S, Ishino Y, Sawada K, Iwata T, Shimanaka Y, Aoki J, Arai H, Kono N. Disease-related PSS1 mutant impedes the formation and function of osteoclasts. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100443. [PMID: 37714410 PMCID: PMC10641532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is an acidic phospholipid that is involved in various cellular events. Heterologous dominant mutations have been identified in the gene encoding PS synthase 1 (PSS1) in patients with a congenital disease called Lenz-Majewski syndrome (LMS). Patients with LMS show various symptoms, including craniofacial/distal-limb bone dysplasia and progressive hyperostosis. The LMS-causing gain-of-function mutants of PSS1 (PSS1LMS) have been shown to synthesize PS without control, but why the uncontrolled synthesis would lead to LMS is unknown. Here we investigated the effect of PSS1LMS on osteoclasts (OCs) to elucidate the causative mechanism of LMS. PSS1LMS did not affect the expression of OC-related genes but inhibited the formation, multinucleation, and activity of OCs. Especially, OCs expressing PSS1LMS showed abnormal patterns and dynamics of actin podosome clusters, which have roles in OC migration and fusion. PSS1LMS did not affect the level of PS but changed the acyl chain compositions of PS and phosphatidylethanolamine, and decreased the level of phosphatidylinositol. The introduction of a catalytically inactive mutation into PSSLMS canceled the changes in phospholipids and the phenotypes observed in OCs expressing PSS1LMS. A gain-of-function mutant of PSS2 (PSS2 R97K) also impaired OC formation and caused changes in phospholipid composition similar to the changes caused by PSS1LMS. Our results suggest that uncontrolled PS synthesis by PSS1LMS causes changes in the quantity or fatty acid composition of certain phospholipid classes, impairing OC formation and function, which might be a cause of osteosclerosis in patients with LMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Sugahara
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Ishino
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koki Sawada
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsumugi Iwata
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Shimanaka
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kono
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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4
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Nader N, Zarif L, Halama A, Yadav S, Dib M, Attarwala N, Chen Q, Suhre K, Gross SS, Machaca K. Progesterone induces meiosis through two obligate co-receptors with PLA2 activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.09.556646. [PMID: 37905030 PMCID: PMC10614741 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.09.556646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The steroid hormone progesterone (P4) regulates multiple aspects of reproductive and metabolic physiology. Classical P4 signaling operates through nuclear receptors that regulate transcription. In addition, P4 signals through membrane P4 receptors (mPRs) in a rapid nongenomic modality. Despite the established physiological importance of P4 nongenomic signaling, its detailed signal transduction remains elusive. Here, using Xenopus oocyte maturation as a well-established physiological readout of nongenomic P4 signaling, we identify the lipid hydrolase ABHD2 (α/β hydrolase domain-containing protein 2) as an essential mPRβ co-receptor to trigger meiosis. We show using functional assays coupled to unbiased and targeted cell-based lipidomics that ABHD2 possesses a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity that requires both P4 and mPRβ. This PLA2 activity bifurcates P4 signaling by inducing mPRβ clathrin-dependent endocytosis and producing lipid messengers that are G-protein coupled receptors agonists. Therefore, P4 drives meiosis by inducing the ABHD2 PLA2 activity that requires both mPRβ and ABHD2 as obligate co-receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Nader
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lubna Zarif
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anna Halama
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sharan Yadav
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maya Dib
- Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nabeel Attarwala
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Biological Sciences division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Qiuying Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Steven S. Gross
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Khaled Machaca
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Wu M, Du Y, Zhang C, Li Z, Li Q, Qi E, Ruan W, Feng S, Zhou H. Mendelian Randomization Study of Lipid Metabolites Reveals Causal Associations with Heel Bone Mineral Density. Nutrients 2023; 15:4160. [PMID: 37836445 PMCID: PMC10574167 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis, which is a bone disease, is characterized by low bone mineral density and an increased risk of fractures. The heel bone mineral density is often used as a representative measure of overall bone mineral density. Lipid metabolism, which includes processes such as fatty acid metabolism, glycerol metabolism, inositol metabolism, bile acid metabolism, carnitine metabolism, ketone body metabolism, sterol and steroid metabolism, etc., may have an impact on changes in bone mineral density. While some studies have reported correlations between lipid metabolism and heel bone mineral density, the overall causal relationship between metabolites and heel bone mineral density remains unclear. OBJECTIVE to investigate the causal relationship between lipid metabolites and heel bone mineral density using two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. METHODS Summary-level data from large-scale genome-wide association studies were extracted to identify genetic variants linked to lipid metabolite levels. These genetic variants were subsequently employed as instrumental variables in Mendelian randomization analysis to estimate the causal effects of each lipid metabolite on heel bone mineral density. Furthermore, metabolites that could potentially be influenced by causal relationships with bone mineral density were extracted from the KEGG and WikiPathways databases. The causal associations between these downstream metabolites and heel bone mineral density were then examined. Lastly, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the robustness of the results and address potential sources of bias. RESULTS A total of 130 lipid metabolites were analyzed, and it was found that acetylcarnitine, propionylcarnitine, hexadecanedioate, tetradecanedioate, myo-inositol, 1-arachidonoylglycerophosphorine, 1-linoleoylglycerophoethanolamine, and epiandrosterone sulfate had a causal relationship with heel bone mineral density (p < 0.05). Furthermore, our findings also indicate an absence of causal association between the downstream metabolites associated with the aforementioned metabolites identified in the KEGG and WikiPathways databases and heel bone mineral density. CONCLUSION This work supports the hypothesis that lipid metabolites have an impact on bone health through demonstrating a causal relationship between specific lipid metabolites and heel bone mineral density. This study has significant implications for the development of new strategies to osteoporosis prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Wu
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yufei Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Zhen Li
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Qingyang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Enlin Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Wendong Ruan
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Hengxing Zhou
- National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250013, China
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6
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Rohatgi N, Zou W, Li Y, Cho K, Collins PL, Tycksen E, Pandey G, DeSelm CJ, Patti GJ, Dey A, Teitelbaum SL. BAP1 promotes osteoclast function by metabolic reprogramming. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5923. [PMID: 37740028 PMCID: PMC10516877 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of osteoporosis commonly diminishes osteoclast number which suppresses bone formation thus compromising fracture prevention. Bone formation is not suppressed, however, when bone degradation is reduced by retarding osteoclast functional resorptive capacity, rather than differentiation. We find deletion of deubiquitinase, BRCA1-associated protein 1 (Bap1), in myeloid cells (Bap1∆LysM), arrests osteoclast function but not formation. Bap1∆LysM osteoclasts fail to organize their cytoskeleton which is essential for bone degradation consequently increasing bone mass in both male and female mice. The deubiquitinase activity of BAP1 modifies osteoclast function by metabolic reprogramming. Bap1 deficient osteoclast upregulate the cystine transporter, Slc7a11, by enhanced H2Aub occupancy of its promoter. SLC7A11 controls cellular reactive oxygen species levels and redirects the mitochondrial metabolites away from the tricarboxylic acid cycle, both being necessary for osteoclast function. Thus, in osteoclasts BAP1 appears to regulate the epigenetic-metabolic axis and is a potential target to reduce bone degradation while maintaining osteogenesis in osteoporotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Rohatgi
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Wei Zou
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yongjia Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013, PR China
| | - Kevin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Patrick L Collins
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Eric Tycksen
- Genome Technology Access Center, McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Gaurav Pandey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Carl J DeSelm
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Gary J Patti
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Anwesha Dey
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Steven L Teitelbaum
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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7
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Li D, Jiang Y, He P, Li Y, Wu Y, Lei W, Liu N, de Bruijn JD, Zhang H, Zhang H, Ji P, Yuan H, Li M. Hypoxia Drives Material-Induced Heterotopic Bone Formation by Enhancing Osteoclastogenesis via M2/Lipid-Loaded Macrophage Axis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207224. [PMID: 36970815 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a double-edged sword. Pathological HO presents as an undesired clinical complication, whereas controlled heterotopic bone formation by synthetic osteoinductive materials shows promising therapeutic potentials for bone regeneration. However, the mechanism of material-induced heterotopic bone formation remains largely unknown. Early acquired HO being usually accompanied by severe tissue hypoxia prompts the hypothesis that hypoxia caused by the implantation coordinates serial cellular events and ultimately induces heterotopic bone formation in osteoinductive materials. The data presented herein shows a link between hypoxia, macrophage polarization to M2, osteoclastogenesis, and material-induced bone formation. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a crucial mediator of cellular responses to hypoxia, is highly expressed in an osteoinductive calcium phosphate ceramic (CaP) during the early phase of implantation, while pharmacological inhibition of HIF-1α significantly inhibits M2 macrophage, subsequent osteoclast, and material-induced bone formation. Similarly, in vitro, hypoxia enhances M2 macrophage and osteoclast formation. Osteoclast-conditioned medium enhances osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, such enhancement disappears with the presence of HIF-1α inhibitor. Furthermore, metabolomics analysis reveals that hypoxia enhances osteoclastogenesis via the axis of M2/lipid-loaded macrophages. The current findings shed new light on the mechanism of HO and favor the design of more potent osteoinductive materials for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
| | - Yucan Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
| | - Ping He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
| | - Yeming Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
| | - Nanxin Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
| | - Joost D de Bruijn
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Kuros Biosciences BV, Prof. Bronkhorstlaan 10, Bilthoven, 3723 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400015, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
| | - Ping Ji
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
| | - Huipin Yuan
- Kuros Biosciences BV, Prof. Bronkhorstlaan 10, Bilthoven, 3723 MB, The Netherlands
- Huipin Yuan's Lab, Chengdu, 610000, P. R. China
| | - Mingzheng Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
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8
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Prada D, Rexrode K, Kalia V, Kooperberg C, Reiner A, Balasubramanian R, Wu HC, Miller G, Lonita-Laza I, Crandall C, Cantu-de-Leon D, Liao D, Yanosky J, Stewart J, Whitsel E, Baccarelli A. Metabolomic Evaluation of Air Pollution-related Bone Damage and Potential Mediation. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2652887. [PMID: 37034583 PMCID: PMC10081369 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2652887/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution has been associated with bone damage. However, no studies have evaluated the metabolomic response to air pollutants and its potential influence on bone health in postmenopausal women. We analyzed data from WHI participants with plasma samples. Whole-body, total hip, femoral neck, and spine BMD at enrollment and follow-up (Y1, Y3, Y6). Daily particulate matter NO, NO2, PM10 and SO2 were averaged over 1-, 3-, and 5-year periods before metabolomic assessments. Statistical analyses included multivariable-adjusted linear mixed models, pathways analyses, and mediation modeling. NO, NO2, and SO2, but not PM10, were associated with taurine, inosine, and C38:4 phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), at all averaging periods. We found a partial mediation of C38:4 PE in the association between 1-year average NO and lumbar spine BMD (p-value: 0.032). This is the first study suggesting that a PE may partially mediate air pollution-related bone damage in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeff Yanosky
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine
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9
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Du J, Liu Y, Wu X, Sun J, Shi J, Zhang H, Zheng A, Zhou M, Jiang X. BRD9-mediated chromatin remodeling suppresses osteoclastogenesis through negative feedback mechanism. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1413. [PMID: 36918560 PMCID: PMC10014883 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 9 (BRD9), a component of non-canonical BAF chromatin remodeling complex, has been identified as a critical therapeutic target in hematological diseases. Despite the hematopoietic origin of osteoclasts, the role of BRD9 in osteoclastogenesis and bone diseases remains unresolved. Here, we show Brd9 deficiency in myeloid lineage enhances osteoclast lineage commitment and bone resorption through downregulating interferon-beta (IFN-β) signaling with released constraint on osteoclastogenesis. Notably, we show that BRD9 interacts with transcription factor FOXP1 activating Stat1 transcription and IFN-β signaling thereafter. Besides, function specificity of BRD9 distinguished from BRD4 during osteoclastogenesis has been evaluated. Leveraging advantages of pharmacological modulation of BRD9 and flexible injectable silk fibroin hydrogel, we design a local deliver system for effectively mitigating zoledronate related osteonecrosis of the jaw and alleviating acute bone loss in lipopolysaccharide-induced localized aggressive periodontitis. Overall, these results demonstrate the function of BRD9 in osteoclastogenesis and its therapeutic potential for bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Du
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yili Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jinrui Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Hongming Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ao Zheng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Mingliang Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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10
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Urabe F, Kosaka N, Yamamoto Y, Ito K, Otsuka K, Soekmadji C, Egawa S, Kimura T, Ochiya T. Metastatic prostate cancer-derived extracellular vesicles facilitate osteoclastogenesis by transferring the CDCP1 protein. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12312. [PMID: 36880252 PMCID: PMC9989745 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases are still incurable and result in the development of clinical complications and decreased survival for prostate cancer patients. Recently, a number of studies have shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in tumour progression. Here, we show that EVs from metastatic prostate cancer cells promote osteoclast formation in the presence of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). EV characterization followed by functional siRNA screening identified CUB-domain containing protein 1 (CDCP1), a transmembrane protein, as an inducer of osteoclastogenesis. Additionally, CDCP1 expression on plasma-derived EVs was upregulated in bone metastatic prostate cancer patients. Our findings elucidate the effect of EVs from metastatic prostate cancer cells on osteoclast formation, which is promoted by CDCP1 located on EVs. Furthermore, our data suggested that CDCP1 expression on EVs might be useful to detect bone metastasis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Urabe
- Department of UrologyThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Laboratory of Integrative OncologyNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
| | - Nobuyoshi Kosaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular MedicineInstitute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Integrative OncologyNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
| | - Kagenori Ito
- Department of UrologyThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Laboratory of Integrative OncologyNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
| | - Kurataka Otsuka
- Laboratory of Integrative OncologyNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular MedicineInstitute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
- R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation Sengawa KewportTokyoJapan
| | - Carolina Soekmadji
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Shin Egawa
- Department of UrologyThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Takahiro Kimura
- Department of UrologyThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular MedicineInstitute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
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11
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Elson A, Anuj A, Barnea-Zohar M, Reuven N. The origins and formation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Bone 2022; 164:116538. [PMID: 36028118 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts (OCLs) are hematopoietic cells whose physiological function is to degrade bone. OCLs are key players in the processes that determine and maintain the mass, shape, and physical properties of bone. OCLs adhere to bone tightly and degrade its matrix by secreting protons and proteases onto the underlying surface. The combination of low pH and proteases degrades the mineral and protein components of the matrix and forms a resorption pit; the degraded material is internalized by the cell and then secreted into the circulation. Insufficient or excessive activity of OCLs can lead to significant changes in bone and either cause or exacerbate symptoms of diseases, as in osteoporosis, osteopetrosis, and cancer-induced bone lysis. OCLs are derived from monocyte-macrophage precursor cells whose origins are in two distinct embryonic cell lineages - erythromyeloid progenitor cells of the yolk sac, and hematopoietic stem cells. OCLs are formed in a multi-stage process that is induced by the cytokines M-CSF and RANKL, during which the cells differentiate, fuse to form multi-nucleated cells, and then differentiate further to become mature, bone-resorbing OCLs. Recent studies indicate that OCLs can undergo fission in vivo to generate smaller cells, called "osteomorphs", that can be "re-cycled" by fusing with other cells to form new OCLs. In this review we describe OCLs and discuss their cellular origins and the cellular and molecular events that drive osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Elson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Anuj Anuj
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Maayan Barnea-Zohar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nina Reuven
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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12
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Aleidi SM, Al-Ansari MM, Alnehmi EA, Malkawi AK, Alodaib A, Alshaker M, Benabdelkamel H, Abdel Rahman AM. Lipidomics Profiling of Patients with Low Bone Mineral Density (LBMD). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912017. [PMID: 36233318 PMCID: PMC9570421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between lipid metabolism and bone mineral density (BMD) is still not fully elucidated. Despite the presence of investigations using osteoporotic animal models, clinical studies in humans are limited. In this work, untargeted lipidomics profiling using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of human serum samples was performed to identify the lipidomics profile associated with low bone mineral density (LBMD), with a subsequent examination of potential biomarkers related to OP risk prediction or progression. A total of 69 participants were recruited for this cohort study, including the osteoporotic group (OP, n = 25), osteopenia group (ON, n = 22), and control (Ctrl, n = 22). The LBMD group included OP and ON patients. The lipidomics effect of confounding factors such as age, gender, lipid profile, body mass index (BMD), chronic diseases, and medications was excluded from the dataset. The results showed a clear group separation and clustering between LBMD and Ctrl (Q2 = 0.944, R2 = 0.991), indicating a significant difference in the lipids profile. In addition, 322 putatively identified lipid molecules were dysregulated, with 163 up- and 159 down-regulated in LBMD, compared with the Ctrl. The most significantly dysregulated subclasses were phosphatidylcholines (PC) (n = 81, 25.16% of all dysregulated lipids 322), followed by triacylglycerol (TG) (n = 65, 20.19%), and then phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (n = 40, 12.42%). In addition, groups of glycerophospholipids, including LPC (7.45%), LPE (5.59%), and PI (2.48%) were also dysregulated as of LBMD. These findings provide insights into the lipidomics alteration involved in bone remodeling and LBMD. and may drive the development of therapeutic targets and nutritional strategies for OP management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen M. Aleidi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Mysoon M. Al-Ansari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman A. Alnehmi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genomics Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center (KFSHRC), Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer K. Malkawi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Ahmad Alodaib
- Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genomics Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center (KFSHRC), Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Alshaker
- Department of Family Medicine and Polyclinic, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center (KFSHRC), Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hicham Benabdelkamel
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas M. Abdel Rahman
- Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genomics Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center (KFSHRC), Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Al Faisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
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13
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Ragaller F, Andronico L, Sykora J, Kulig W, Rog T, Urem YB, Abhinav, Danylchuk DI, Hof M, Klymchenko A, Amaro M, Vattulainen I, Sezgin E. Dissecting the mechanisms of environment sensitivity of smart probes for quantitative assessment of membrane properties. Open Biol 2022; 12:220175. [PMID: 36099931 PMCID: PMC9470265 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane, as a highly complex cell organelle, serves as a crucial platform for a multitude of cellular processes. Its collective biophysical properties are largely determined by the structural diversity of the different lipid species it accommodates. Therefore, a detailed investigation of biophysical properties of the plasma membrane is of utmost importance for a comprehensive understanding of biological processes occurring therein. During the past two decades, several environment-sensitive probes have been developed and become popular tools to investigate membrane properties. Although these probes are assumed to report on membrane order in similar ways, their individual mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, using model membrane systems, we characterized the probes Pro12A, NR12S and NR12A in depth and examined their sensitivity to parameters with potential biological implications, such as the degree of lipid saturation, double bond position and configuration (cis versus trans), phospholipid headgroup and cholesterol content. Applying spectral imaging together with atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and time-dependent fluorescent shift analyses, we unravelled individual sensitivities of these probes to different biophysical properties, their distinct localizations and specific relaxation processes in membranes. Overall, Pro12A, NR12S and NR12A serve together as a toolbox with a wide range of applications allowing to select the most appropriate probe for each specific research question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Ragaller
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Luca Andronico
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Jan Sykora
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Waldemar Kulig
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomasz Rog
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yagmur Balim Urem
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Abhinav
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Dmytro I Danylchuk
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Martin Hof
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Andrey Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Mariana Amaro
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
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14
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Ahmadzadeh K, Vanoppen M, Rose CD, Matthys P, Wouters CH. Multinucleated Giant Cells: Current Insights in Phenotype, Biological Activities, and Mechanism of Formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:873226. [PMID: 35478968 PMCID: PMC9035892 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.873226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages are innate immune cells with diverse functions ranging from phagocytosis of microorganisms to forming a bridge with the adaptive immune system. A lesser-known attribute of macrophages is their ability to fuse with each other to form multinucleated giant cells. Based on their morphology and functional characteristics, there are in general three types of multinucleated giant cells including osteoclasts, foreign body giant cells and Langhans giant cells. Osteoclasts are bone resorbing cells and under physiological conditions they participate in bone remodeling. However, under pathological conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis, osteoclasts are responsible for bone destruction and bone loss. Foreign body giant cells and Langhans giant cells appear only under pathological conditions. While foreign body giant cells are found in immune reactions against foreign material, including implants, Langhans giant cells are associated with granulomas in infectious and non-infectious diseases. The functionality and fusion mechanism of osteoclasts are being elucidated, however, our knowledge on the functions of foreign body giant cells and Langhans giant cells is limited. In this review, we describe and compare the phenotypic aspects, biological and functional activities of the three types of multinucleated giant cells. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the multinucleation process and highlight key molecules in the different phases of macrophage fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Ahmadzadeh
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Kourosh Ahmadzadeh, ; Carine Helena Wouters,
| | - Margot Vanoppen
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carlos D. Rose
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology Nemours Children’s Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Patrick Matthys
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carine Helena Wouters
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division Pediatric Rheumatology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- European Reference Network for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) at University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Kourosh Ahmadzadeh, ; Carine Helena Wouters,
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15
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Grifell-Junyent M, Baum JF, Välimets S, Herrmann A, Paulusma CC, López-Marqués RL, Günther Pomorski T. CDC50A is required for aminophospholipid transport and cell fusion in mouse C2C12 myoblasts. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs258649. [PMID: 34664668 PMCID: PMC10405909 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoblast fusion is essential for the formation of multinucleated muscle fibers and is promoted by transient changes in the plasma membrane lipid distribution. However, little is known about the lipid transporters regulating these dynamic changes. Here, we show that proliferating myoblasts exhibit an aminophospholipid flippase activity that is downregulated during differentiation. Deletion of the P4-ATPase flippase subunit CDC50A (also known as TMEM30A) results in loss of the aminophospholipid flippase activity and compromises actin remodeling, RAC1 GTPase membrane targeting and cell fusion. In contrast, deletion of the P4-ATPase ATP11A affects aminophospholipid uptake without having a strong impact on cell fusion. Our results demonstrate that myoblast fusion depends on CDC50A and may involve multiple CDC50A-dependent P4-ATPases that help to regulate actin remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Grifell-Junyent
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Julia F. Baum
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Silja Välimets
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Biophysik, IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Coen C. Paulusma
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rosa L. López-Marqués
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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16
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Shi S, Markl AM, Lu Z, Liu R, Hoernke M. Interplay of Fusion, Leakage, and Electrostatic Lipid Clustering: Membrane Perturbations by a Hydrophobic Antimicrobial Polycation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:2379-2391. [PMID: 35148117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Membrane active compounds are able to induce various types of membrane perturbations. Natural or biomimetic candidates for antimicrobial treatment or drug delivery scenarios are mostly designed and tested for their ability to induce membrane permeabilization, also termed leakage. Furthermore, the interaction of these usually cationic amphiphiles with negatively charged vesicles often causes colloidal instability leading to vesicle aggregation or/and vesicle fusion. We show the interplay of these modes of membrane perturbation in mixed phosphatidyl glycerol (PG)/phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) by the statistical copolymer MM:CO comprising, both, charged and hydrophobic subunits. MM:CO is a representative of partially hydrophobic, highly active, but less selective antimicrobial polycations. Cryo-electron microscopy indicates vesicle fusion rather than vesicle aggregation upon the addition of MM:CO to negatively charged PG/PE (1:1) vesicles. In a combination of fluorescence-based leakage and fusion assays, there is support for membrane permeabilization and pronounced vesicle fusion activity as distinct effects. To this end, membrane fusion and aggregation were prevented by including lipids with polyethylene glycol attached to their head groups (PEG-lipids). The leakage activity of MM:CO is very similar in the absence and presence of PEG-lipids. Vesicle aggregation and fusion however are largely suppressed. This strongly suggests that MM:CO induces leakage by asymmetric packing stress because of hydrophobically driven interactions which could lead to leakage. As a further membrane perturbation effect, MM:CO causes lipid clustering in model vesicles. We address potential artifacts and misinterpretations of experiments characterizing leakage and fusion. Additional to the leakage activity, the pronounced fusogenic activity of the polymer and potentially of many other similar compounds likely has implications for antimicrobial activity and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shi
- Chemistry and Pharmacy, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg i.Br., Germany
| | - Anja Madleine Markl
- Chemistry and Pharmacy, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg i.Br., Germany
| | - Ziyi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Maria Hoernke
- Chemistry and Pharmacy, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg i.Br., Germany
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17
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Li Y, Liu J, Zhou H, Liu J, Xue X, Wang L, Ren S. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for discovering the metabolic markers to reveal the potential therapeutic effects of naringin on osteoporosis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1194:123170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Temperature sensitivity of Notch signaling underlies species-specific developmental plasticity and robustness in amniote brains. Nat Commun 2022; 13:96. [PMID: 35013223 PMCID: PMC8748702 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27707-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient temperature significantly affects developmental timing in animals. The temperature sensitivity of embryogenesis is generally believed to be a consequence of the thermal dependency of cellular metabolism. However, the adaptive molecular mechanisms that respond to variations in temperature remain unclear. Here, we report species-specific thermal sensitivity of Notch signaling in the developing amniote brain. Transient hypothermic conditions increase canonical Notch activity and reduce neurogenesis in chick neural progenitors. Increased biosynthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine, a major glycerophospholipid components of the plasma membrane, mediates hypothermia-induced Notch activation. Furthermore, the species-specific thermal dependency of Notch signaling is associated with developmental robustness to altered Notch signaling. Our results reveal unique regulatory mechanisms for temperature-dependent neurogenic potentials that underlie developmental and evolutionary adaptations to a range of ambient temperatures in amniotes. Ambient temperature significantly affects embryogenesis, but adaptive molecular mechanisms that respond to temperature remain unclear. Here, the authors identified species-specific thermal sensitivity of Notch signaling in developing amniote brains.
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19
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Wang H, Joshi P, Hong SH, Maye PF, Rowe DW, Shin DG. Predicting the targets of IRF8 and NFATc1 during osteoclast differentiation using the machine learning method framework cTAP. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:14. [PMID: 34991467 PMCID: PMC8740472 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon regulatory factor-8 (IRF8) and nuclear factor-activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) are two transcription factors that have an important role in osteoclast differentiation. Thanks to ChIP-seq technology, scientists can now estimate potential genome-wide target genes of IRF8 and NFATc1. However, finding target genes that are consistently up-regulated or down-regulated across different studies is hard because it requires analysis of a large number of high-throughput expression studies from a comparable context. METHOD We have developed a machine learning based method, called, Cohort-based TF target prediction system (cTAP) to overcome this problem. This method assumes that the pathway involving the transcription factors of interest is featured with multiple "functional groups" of marker genes pertaining to the concerned biological process. It uses two notions, Gene-Present Sufficiently (GP) and Gene-Absent Insufficiently (GA), in addition to log2 fold changes of differentially expressed genes for the prediction. Target prediction is made by applying multiple machine-learning models, which learn the patterns of GP and GA from log2 fold changes and four types of Z scores from the normalized cohort's gene expression data. The learned patterns are then associated with the putative transcription factor targets to identify genes that consistently exhibit Up/Down gene regulation patterns within the cohort. We applied this method to 11 publicly available GEO data sets related to osteoclastgenesis. RESULT Our experiment identified a small number of Up/Down IRF8 and NFATc1 target genes as relevant to osteoclast differentiation. The machine learning models using GP and GA produced NFATc1 and IRF8 target genes different than simply using a log2 fold change alone. Our literature survey revealed that all predicted target genes have known roles in bone remodeling, specifically related to the immune system and osteoclast formation and functions, suggesting confidence and validity in our method. CONCLUSION cTAP was motivated by recognizing that biologists tend to use Z score values present in data sets for the analysis. However, using cTAP effectively presupposes assembling a sizable cohort of gene expression data sets within a comparable context. As public gene expression data repositories grow, the need to use cohort-based analysis method like cTAP will become increasingly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Wang
- Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - Pujan Joshi
- Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - Seung-Hyun Hong
- Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
| | - Peter F. Maye
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, USA
| | - David W. Rowe
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, USA
| | - Dong-Guk Shin
- Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA
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Kou J, He C, Cui L, Zhang Z, Wang W, Tan L, Liu D, Zheng W, Gu W, Xia N. Discovery of Potential Biomarkers for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Based on Untargeted GC/LC-MS. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:849076. [PMID: 35518930 PMCID: PMC9062097 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.849076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE As an important public health problem, osteoporosis (OP) in China is also in an upward trend year by year. As a standard method for diagnosing OP, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) cannot analyze the pathological process but only see the results. It is difficult to evaluate the early diagnosis of OP. Our study was carried out through a serum metabolomic study of OP in Chinese postmenopausal women on untargeted gas chromatography (GC)/liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS) to find possible diagnostic markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS 50 Chinese postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and 50 age-matched women were selected as normal controls. We first used untargeted GC/LC-MS to analyze the serum of these participants and then combined it with a large number of multivariate statistical analyses to analyze the data. Finally, based on a multidimensional analysis of the metabolites, the most critical metabolites were considered to be biomarkers of OP in postmenopausal women. Further, biomarkers identified relevant metabolic pathways, followed by a map of metabolic pathways found in the database. RESULTS We found that there may be metabolic pathway disorders like glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism in postmenopausal women with OP. 18 differential metabolites are considered to be potential biomarkers of OP in postmenopausal women which are a major factor in metabolism and bone physiological function. CONCLUSION These findings can be applied to clinical work through further validation studies. It also shows that metabonomic analysis has great potential in the application of early diagnosis and recurrence monitoring in postmenopausal OP women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kou
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyang He
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengping Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Wang, ; Da Liu, ; Wei Zheng,
| | - Li Tan
- School of Automation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Da Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Wang, ; Da Liu, ; Wei Zheng,
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Wang, ; Da Liu, ; Wei Zheng,
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
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21
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Nguyen TT, Voeltz GK. An ER phospholipid hydrolase drives ER-associated mitochondrial constriction for fission and fusion. eLife 2022; 11:84279. [PMID: 36448541 PMCID: PMC9725753 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo cycles of fission and fusion at a unified platform defined by endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria membrane contact sites (MCSs). These MCSs or nodes co-localize fission and fusion machinery. We set out to identify how ER-associated mitochondrial nodes can regulate both fission and fusion machinery assembly. We have used a promiscuous biotin ligase linked to the fusion machinery, Mfn1, and proteomics to identify an ER membrane protein, ABHD16A, as a major regulator of node formation. In the absence of ABHD16A, fission and fusion machineries fail to recruit to ER-associated mitochondrial nodes, and fission and fusion rates are significantly reduced. ABHD16A contains an acyltransferase motif and an α/β hydrolase domain, and point mutations in critical residues of these regions fail to rescue the formation of ER-associated mitochondrial hot spots. These data suggest a mechanism whereby ABHD16A functions by altering phospholipid composition at ER-mitochondria MCSs. Our data present the first example of an ER membrane protein that regulates the recruitment of both fission and fusion machineries to mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia T Nguyen
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteChevy ChaseUnited States,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of ColoradoBoulderUnited States
| | - Gia K Voeltz
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteChevy ChaseUnited States,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of ColoradoBoulderUnited States
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22
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Valentine WJ, Yanagida K, Kawana H, Kono N, Noda NN, Aoki J, Shindou H. Update and nomenclature proposal for mammalian lysophospholipid acyltransferases which create membrane phospholipid diversity. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101470. [PMID: 34890643 PMCID: PMC8753187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of glycerophospholipid species in cellular membranes is immense and affects various biological functions. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPATs) and lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs), in concert with phospholipase A1/2s enzymes, contribute to this diversity via selective esterification of fatty acyl chains at the sn-1 or sn-2 positions of membrane phospholipids. These enzymes are conserved across all kingdoms, and in mammals four GPATs of the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase (AGPAT) family and at least 14 LPLATs, either of the AGPAT or the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) families, have been identified. Here we provide an overview of the biochemical and biological activities of these mammalian enzymes, including their predicted structures, involvements in human diseases, and essential physiological roles as revealed by gene-deficient mice. Recently, the nomenclature used to refer to these enzymes has generated some confusion due to the use of multiple names to refer to the same enzyme and instances of the same name being used to refer to completely different enzymes. Thus, this review proposes a more uniform LPLAT enzyme nomenclature, as well as providing an update of recent advances made in the study of LPLATs, continuing from our JBC mini review in 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Valentine
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yanagida
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawana
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kono
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nobuo N Noda
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Department of Lipid Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Non-raft submicron domain formation in cholesterol-containing lipid bilayers induced by polyunsaturated phosphatidylethanolamine. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 210:112235. [PMID: 34891064 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Domain formation in "HLC" ternary lipid bilayers, comprising a high transition temperature (High-Tm) lipid, a Low-Tm lipid, and cholesterol (Chol), has been extensively studied as raft-resembling systems. Recently, we reported the formation of submicron domains in an "LLC" lipid bilayer, encompassing Low-Tm phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), Low-Tm phosphatidylcholine (PC), and Chol. We hypothesized that the formation of this unique domain is driven by polyunsaturated PE. In this study, we explored the effects of the degree of PE unsaturation and the double bond distribution at the sn-position on the mechanism of formation and the composition of submicron domains. Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs), comprising PE with various degrees of unsaturation, monounsaturated PC (POPC), and Chol, were investigated using fluorescence microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and the force-distance curve measurement. The area fraction of submicron domains in PE+POPC+Chol-SLB increased with the PE concentration and degree of unsaturation of the PE acyl chain. The results indicated that the submicron domains were enriched with polyunsaturated PE and were in the liquid-disordered-like state, whereas their surrounding regions were in the liquid-ordered-like state. Segregation of polyunsaturated PE from the Chol-containing region generated submicron domains in the LLC lipid bilayer. We propose a mechanism for the formation of these submicron domains based on molecular interactions involving the hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts of the bilayer membrane.
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Sikora KN, Castellanos-García LJ, Hardie JM, Liu Y, Farkas ME, Rotello VM, Vachet RW. Nanodelivery vehicles induce remote biochemical changes in vivo. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:12623-12633. [PMID: 34264256 PMCID: PMC8380036 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02563e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterial-based platforms are promising vehicles for the controlled delivery of therapeutics. For these systems to be both efficacious and safe, it is essential to understand where the carriers accumulate and to reveal the site-specific biochemical effects they produce in vivo. Here, a dual-mode mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) method is used to evaluate the distributions and biochemical effects of anti-TNF-α nanoparticle stabilized capsules (NPSCs) in mice. It is found that most of the anticipated biochemical changes occur in sub-organ regions that are separate from where the nanomaterials accumulate. In particular, TNF-α-specific lipid biomarker levels change in immune cell-rich regions of organs, while the NPSCs accumulate in spatially isolated filtration regions. Biochemical changes that are associated with the nanomaterials themselves are also observed, demonstrating the power of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) MSI to reveal markers indicating possible off-target effects of the delivery agent. This comprehensive assessment using MSI provides spatial context of nanomaterial distributions and efficacy that cannot be easily achieved with other imaging methods, demonstrating the power of MSI to evaluate both expected and unexpected outcomes associated with complex therapeutic delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen N Sikora
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 240 Thatcher Way, Life Sciences Laboratory, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Metabolic control of T FH cells and humoral immunity by phosphatidylethanolamine. Nature 2021; 595:724-729. [PMID: 34234346 PMCID: PMC8448202 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
T follicular helper (TFH) cells are crucial for B cell-mediated humoral immunity1. Although transcription factors such as BCL6 drive the differentiation of TFH cells2,3, it is unclear whether and how post-transcriptional and metabolic programs enforce TFH cell programming. Here we show that the cytidine diphosphate (CDP)-ethanolamine pathway co-ordinates the expression and localization of CXCR5 with the responses of TFH cells and humoral immunity. Using in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 screening and functional validation in mice, we identify ETNK1, PCYT2, and SELENOI-enzymes in the CDP-ethanolamine pathway for de novo synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)-as selective post-transcriptional regulators of TFH cell differentiation that act by promoting the surface expression and functional effects of CXCR5. TFH cells exhibit unique lipid metabolic programs and PE is distributed to the outer layer of the plasma membrane, where it colocalizes with CXCR5. De novo synthesis of PE through the CDP-ethanolamine pathway co-ordinates these events to prevent the internalization and degradation of CXCR5. Genetic deletion of Pcyt2, but not of Pcyt1a (which mediates the CDP-choline pathway), in activated T cells impairs the differentiation of TFH cells, and this is associated with reduced humoral immune responses. Surface levels of PE and CXCR5 expression on B cells also depend on Pcyt2. Our results reveal that phospholipid metabolism orchestrates post-transcriptional mechanisms for TFH cell differentiation and humoral immunity, highlighting the metabolic control of context-dependent immune signalling and effector programs.
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Goh MWS, Tero R. Cholesterol-induced microdomain formation in lipid bilayer membranes consisting of completely miscible lipids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183626. [PMID: 33901442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported that a ternary lipid bilayer comprising phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), which were both derived from chicken egg, and cholesterol (Chol) generates microdomains that function as specific fusion sites for proteoliposomes. Chol-induced microdomain formation in a completely miscible lipid bilayer is an exceptional phenomenon. Numerous studies have elucidated the formation of domains in liquid ordered (Lo) and liquid disordered (Ld) phases of ternary bilayers, which comprise two partially miscible lipids and Chol. Herein, we investigated the composition and mechanism of formation of these unique microdomains in supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) using a fluorescence microscope and an atomic force microscope (AFM). We prepared ternary SLBs using egg-derived PC (eggPC), Chol and three different types of PE: egg-derived PE, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-PE, and 1,2-didocosahexaenoyl-PE (diDHPE). Fluorescence microscopy observations revealed that fluid and continuous SLBs were formed at PE concentrations (CPE) of ≥6 mol%. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching measurement revealed that the microdomain was more fluid than the surrounding region that showed typical diffusion coefficient of the Lo phase. The microdomains were observed as depressions in the AFM topographies. Their area fraction (θ) increased with CPE, and diDHPE produced a significantly large θ among the three PEs. The microdomains in the PE+eggPC+Chol-SLBs were rich in polyunsaturated PE and were in the Ld-like phase. Associating eggPC and Chol caused polyunsaturated PE to segregate, resulting in a microdomain formation by conferring the umbrella effect on Chol, entropic effect of disordered acyl chains, and π-π interactions in the hydrophobic core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin Wei Shern Goh
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Ryugo Tero
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan.
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Admission lysophosphatidylethanolamine acyltransferase level predicts the severity and prognosis of community-acquired pneumonia. Infection 2021; 49:877-888. [PMID: 33694084 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-021-01585-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early diagnosis and prognosis of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) are still difficult clinical challenges. This study aimed to investigate the role of lysophosphatidylethanolamine acyltransferase (LPEAT) in CAP and to evaluate the effectiveness of this enzyme as an indicator of disease severity and risk of death in CAP. METHODS This retrospective, multi-center study was conducted in 2017. A total of 267 patients with CAP were included. Of these 267 patients, 175 patients had non-severe CAP (non-SCAP) and 92 patients had severe CAP (SCAP). In addition, we recruited 15 healthy volunteers and 42 hospitalized disease controls in our study. The demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded for all participants. Admission levels of LPEAT were determined by quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Admission levels of LPEAT in patients with SCAP were significantly higher, particularly in non-survivors and were not affected by the causative etiology. Furthermore, when the patients were stratified according to PSI and CURB-65 scores, the patients with high severity scores had higher LPEAT levels upon admission than patients with low severity scores. LPEAT also performed well in predicting SCAP in patients with CAP. Moreover, LPEAT could predict the 30-day mortality rate of patients with CAP, and combining LPEAT with the clinical severity score further improved the accuracy of mortality prediction. CONCLUSION Elevated LPEAT levels can reliably predict the severity of illness in patients with CAP at the time of admission. Adding LPEAT to clinical scoring methods could improve prognostic accuracy. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03093220. Registered on March 28th, 2017.
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Flagging fusion: Phosphatidylserine signaling in cell-cell fusion. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100411. [PMID: 33581114 PMCID: PMC8005811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Formations of myofibers, osteoclasts, syncytiotrophoblasts, and fertilized zygotes share a common step, cell–cell fusion. Recent years have brought about considerable progress in identifying some of the proteins involved in these and other cell-fusion processes. However, even for the best-characterized cell fusions, we still do not know the mechanisms that regulate the timing of cell-fusion events. Are they fully controlled by the expression of fusogenic proteins or do they also depend on some triggering signal that activates these proteins? The latter scenario would be analogous to the mechanisms that control the timing of exocytosis initiated by Ca2+ influx and virus-cell fusion initiated by low pH- or receptor interaction. Diverse cell fusions are accompanied by the nonapoptotic exposure of phosphatidylserine at the surface of fusing cells. Here we review data on the dependence of membrane remodeling in cell fusion on phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylserine-recognizing proteins and discuss the hypothesis that cell surface phosphatidylserine serves as a conserved “fuse me” signal regulating the time and place of cell-fusion processes.
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Li H, Xiao Z, Quarles LD, Li W. Osteoporosis: Mechanism, Molecular Target and Current Status on Drug Development. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1489-1507. [PMID: 32223730 PMCID: PMC7665836 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200330142432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CDATA[Osteoporosis is a pathological loss of bone mass due to an imbalance in bone remodeling where osteoclast-mediated bone resorption exceeds osteoblast-mediated bone formation resulting in skeletal fragility and fractures. Anti-resorptive agents, such as bisphosphonates and SERMs, and anabolic drugs that stimulate bone formation, including PTH analogues and sclerostin inhibitors, are current treatments for osteoporosis. Despite their efficacy, severe side effects and loss of potency may limit the long term usage of a single drug. Sequential and combinational use of current drugs, such as switching from an anabolic to an anti-resorptive agent, may provide an alternative approach. Moreover, there are novel drugs being developed against emerging new targets such as Cathepsin K and 17β-HSD2 that may have less side effects. This review will summarize the molecular mechanisms of osteoporosis, current drugs for osteoporosis treatment, and new drug development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Zhousheng Xiao
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38165, USA
| | - L. Darryl Quarles
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38165, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
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Effects of ATP9A on Extracellular Vesicle Release and Exosomal Lipid Composition. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8865499. [PMID: 33178388 PMCID: PMC7647784 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8865499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Numerous biological processes are regulated by the intercellular communications arising from extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from cells. However, the mechanisms that regulate the quantity of EV discharged have yet to be understood. While it is known that ATP9A, a P4-ATPase, is involved in endosomal recycling, it is not clear whether it also contributes to the release of EVs and the makeup of exosomal lipids. This study is aimed at exploring the role of human ATP9A in the process of EV release and, further, to analyze the profiles of EV lipids regulated by ATP9A. Our results demonstrate that ATP9A is located in both the intracellular compartments and the plasma membrane. The percentage of ceramides and sphingosine was found to be significantly greater in the control cells than in the ATP9A overexpression and ATP9A knockout groups. However, EV release was greater in ATP9A knockout cells, indicating that ATP9A inhibits the release of EVs. This study revealed the effects of ATP9A on the release of EVs and the lipid composition of exosomes.
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Takito J, Nakamura M. Heterogeneity and Actin Cytoskeleton in Osteoclast and Macrophage Multinucleation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186629. [PMID: 32927783 PMCID: PMC7554939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclast signatures are determined by two transcriptional programs, the lineage-determining transcription pathway and the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-dependent differentiation pathways. During differentiation, mononuclear precursors become multinucleated by cell fusion. Recently, live-cell imaging has revealed a high level of heterogeneity in osteoclast multinucleation. This heterogeneity includes the difference in the differentiation states and the mobility of the fusion precursors, as well as the mode of fusion among the fusion precursors with different numbers of nuclei. In particular, fusion partners often form morphologically distinct actin-based linkages that allow two cells to exchange lipids and proteins before membrane fusion. However, the origin of this heterogeneity remains elusive. On the other hand, osteoclast multinucleation is sensitive to the environmental cues. Such cues promote the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, especially the formation and transformation of the podosome, an actin-rich punctate adhesion. This review covers the heterogeneity of osteoclast multinucleation at the pre-fusion stage with reference to the environment-dependent signaling pathway responsible for reorganizing the actin cytoskeleton. Furthermore, we compare osteoclast multinucleation with macrophage fusion, which results in multinucleated giant macrophages.
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Osteoclast Multinucleation: Review of Current Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165685. [PMID: 32784443 PMCID: PMC7461040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multinucleation is a hallmark of osteoclast maturation. The unique and dynamic multinucleation process not only increases cell size but causes functional alterations through reconstruction of the cytoskeleton, creating the actin ring and ruffled border that enable bone resorption. Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying osteoclast multinucleation has advanced considerably in this century, especially since the identification of DC-STAMP and OC-STAMP as “master fusogens”. Regarding the molecules and pathways surrounding these STAMPs, however, only limited progress has been made due to the absence of their ligands. Various molecules and mechanisms other than the STAMPs are involved in osteoclast multinucleation. In addition, several preclinical studies have explored chemicals that may be able to target osteoclast multinucleation, which could enable us to control pathogenic bone metabolism more precisely. In this review, we will focus on recent discoveries regarding the STAMPs and other molecules involved in osteoclast multinucleation.
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Kang JH, Ko HM, Han GD, Lee SY, Moon JS, Kim MS, Koh JT, Kim SH. Dual role of phosphatidylserine and its receptors in osteoclastogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:497. [PMID: 32612123 PMCID: PMC7330034 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2712-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fusion and apoptosis share a breakdown of the membrane phospholipids asymmetry, modes of which are largely unknown in osteoclastogenesis. Here, we investigated the externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) and its receptors, and their biological functions in osteoclastogenesis. Strong immunoreactivities in vivo for the PS receptors TIM4, BAI1, and STAB2 were observed in the TRAP-positive multinucleated cells in the alveolar bone that was being remodeled around the developing dental follicles in rats. These receptors were significantly upregulated during M-CSF/RANKL-induced in vitro osteoclastogenesis using mouse bone marrow-derived cells. PS externalization in preosteoclasts was increased by the M-CSF/RANKL treatment. Multinucleation of preosteoclasts was markedly inhibited by antibodies against PS and its receptors. Among the investigated lipid transporter proteins, floppases (Abcb4, Abcc5, and Abcg1) were upregulated, whereas flippases (Atp11c and Atp8a1) downregulated during osteoclastogenesis. Preosteoclast fusion was markedly blocked by the ATPase inhibitor Na3VO4 and siRNAs against Abcc5 and Abcg1, revealing the importance of these lipid transporters in PS externalization. Further, the levels of Cd47 and Cd31, don't-eat-me signal inducers, were increased or sustained in the early phase of osteoclastogenesis, whereas those of AnnexinI and Mfg-e8, eat-me signals inducers, were increased in the late apoptotic phase. In addition, Z-VAD-FMK, a pan caspase inhibitor, had no effect on preosteoclast fusion in the early phase of osteoclastogenesis, whereas Abs against PS, TIM4, and BAI1 decreased osteoclast apoptosis during the late phase. These results suggest that PS externalization is essential for the whole process of osteoclastogenesis and share PS receptors and transporters in the early stage fusion and late stage apoptosis. Therefore, modulation of PS and its receptors could be a useful strategy to develop anti-bone resorptive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Hae Kang
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Hyun-Mi Ko
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Geum-Dong Han
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Su-Young Lee
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Jung-Sun Moon
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Sun-Hun Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea.
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Mosayebnia M, Hajiramezanali M, Shahhosseini S. Radiolabeled Peptides for Molecular Imaging of Apoptosis. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:7064-7089. [PMID: 32532184 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200612152655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a regulated cell death induced by extrinsic and intrinsic stimulants. Tracking of apoptosis provides an opportunity for the assessment of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases as well as monitoring of cancer therapy at early stages. There are some key mediators in apoptosis cascade, which could be considered as specific targets for delivering imaging or therapeutic agents. The targeted radioisotope-based imaging agents are able to sensitively detect the physiological signal pathways which make them suitable for apoptosis imaging at a single-cell level. Radiopeptides take advantage of both the high sensitivity of nuclear imaging modalities and favorable features of peptide scaffolds. The aim of this study is to review the characteristics of those radiopeptides targeting apoptosis with different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mosayebnia
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Hajiramezanali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Behesti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soraya Shahhosseini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Behesti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bogdanov M, Pyrshev K, Yesylevskyy S, Ryabichko S, Boiko V, Ivanchenko P, Kiyamova R, Guan Z, Ramseyer C, Dowhan W. Phospholipid distribution in the cytoplasmic membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is highly asymmetric, dynamic, and cell shape-dependent. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz6333. [PMID: 32537497 PMCID: PMC7269648 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz6333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of phospholipids across the inner membrane (IM) of Gram-negative bacteria is unknown. We demonstrate that the IMs of Escherichia coli and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis are asymmetric, with a 75%/25% (cytoplasmic/periplasmic leaflet) distribution of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in rod-shaped cells and an opposite distribution in E. coli filamentous cells. In initially filamentous PE-lacking E. coli cells, nascent PE appears first in the periplasmic leaflet. As the total PE content increases from nearly zero to 75%, cells progressively adopt a rod shape and PE appears in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the IM. The redistribution of PE influences the distribution of the other lipids between the leaflets. This correlates with the tendency of PE and cardiolipin to regulate antagonistically lipid order of the bilayer. The results suggest that PE asymmetry is metabolically controlled to balance temporally the net rates of synthesis and translocation, satisfy envelope growth capacity, and adjust bilayer chemical and physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Bogdanov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Pharmacology, Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
- Corresponding author.
| | - Kyrylo Pyrshev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Laboratory of the Nanobiotechnology, Department of Neurochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the NAS of Ukraine, 9 Leontovycha Street, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
- Department of Physics of Biological Systems, Institute of Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 46 Nauky Avenue., Kyiv 03680, Ukraine
| | - Semen Yesylevskyy
- Department of Physics of Biological Systems, Institute of Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 46 Nauky Avenue., Kyiv 03680, Ukraine
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement UMR CNRS 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Sergey Ryabichko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Vitalii Boiko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Spectroscopy of Excited States, Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, Wrocław 50-422, Poland
| | - Pavlo Ivanchenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Interdepartmental Centre Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS), University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Ramziya Kiyamova
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Pharmacology, Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Ziqiang Guan
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Christophe Ramseyer
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement UMR CNRS 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - William Dowhan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Tiwari N, Rai R, Sinha N. Water-lipid interactions in native bone by high-resolution solid-state NMR spectroscopy. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2020; 107:101666. [PMID: 32371298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2020.101666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study of structural and dynamical properties of lipid and its associated interaction with different components of bone is essential to understand its role at a different level of bone homeostasis such as bone mineralization and bone metabolism. In this article, we present water-dependent dynamical changes observed in lipids (triglycerides) in its absolute native environment inside bone by high-resolution 1H solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (ssNMR). Relaxation measurement (T2 measurement) ssNMR experiments were performed at different levels of water network induced by dehydration and H/D exchange in native bone. Our measurements reflect the changes in the local environment and dynamical properties of triglyceride due to different hydration levels. The present study explains the role of water in stabilizing the structural properties of triglycerides in bone hence will help understand its pathological role associated with bone physiology and bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Tiwari
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebarelly Road, Lucknow, 226014, India; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - RamaNand Rai
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Neeraj Sinha
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebarelly Road, Lucknow, 226014, India.
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Kitano VJF, Ohyama Y, Hayashida C, Ito J, Okayasu M, Sato T, Ogasawara T, Tsujita M, Kakino A, Shimada J, Sawamura T, Hakeda Y. LDL uptake-dependent phosphatidylethanolamine translocation to the cell surface promotes fusion of osteoclast-like cells. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs243840. [PMID: 32295848 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.243840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is associated with vessel diseases attributed to hyperlipidemia, and bone resorption by multinucleated osteoclasts is related to lipid metabolism. In this study, we generated low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)/lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1, also known as Olr1) double knockout (dKO) mice. We found that, like LDLR single KO (sKO), LDLR/LOX-1 dKO impaired cell-cell fusion of osteoclast-like cells (OCLs). LDLR/LOX-1 dKO and LDLR sKO preosteoclasts exhibited decreased uptake of LDL. The cell surface cholesterol levels of both LDLR/LOX-1 dKO and LDLR sKO osteoclasts were lower than the levels of wild-type OCLs. Additionally, the amount of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) on the cell surface was attenuated in LDLR/LOX-1 dKO and LDLR sKO preosteoclasts, whereas the PE distribution in wild-type OCLs was concentrated on the filopodia in contact with neighboring cells. Abrogation of the ATP binding cassette G1 (ABCG1) transporter, which transfers PE to the cell surface, caused decreased PE translocation to the cell surface and subsequent cell-cell fusion. The findings of this study indicate the involvement of a novel cascade (LDLR∼ABCG1∼PE translocation to cell surface∼cell-cell fusion) in multinucleation of OCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J F Kitano
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan
| | - Yoko Ohyama
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan
| | - Chiyomi Hayashida
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan
| | - Junta Ito
- Josai University, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Mari Okayasu
- Division of Oral-maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry and Orthodontics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Hongo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takuya Sato
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan
| | - Toru Ogasawara
- Division of Oral-maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry and Orthodontics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Hongo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Maki Tsujita
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Akemi Kakino
- Department of Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Jun Shimada
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sawamura
- Department of Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Hakeda
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan
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Yoneda A, Kanemaru K, Matsubara A, Takai E, Shimozawa M, Satow R, Yamaguchi H, Nakamura Y, Fukami K. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate is localized in the plasma membrane outer leaflet and regulates cell adhesion and motility. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:1050-1056. [PMID: 32439160 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipids are distributed asymmetrically in the plasma membrane (PM) of mammalian cells. Phosphatidylinositol (PI) and its phosphorylated forms are primarily located in the inner leaflet of the PM. Among them, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) is a well-known substrate for phospholipase C (PLC) or phosphoinositide-3 kinase, and is also a regulator for the actin cytoskeleton or ion channels. Although functions of PI(4,5)P2 in the inner leaflet are well characterized, those in the outer leaflet are poorly understood. Here, PI(4,5)P2 was detected in the cell surface of non-permeabilized cells by anti-PI(4,5)P2 antibodies and the pleckstrin-homology (PH) domain of PLCδ1 that specifically binds PI(4,5)P2. Cell surface PI(4,5)P2 signal was universally detected in various cell lines and freshly isolated mouse bone marrow cells and showed a punctate pattern in a cholesterol, sphingomyelin, and actin polymerization-dependent manner. Furthermore, blocking cell surface PI(4,5)P2 by the addition of anti-PI(4,5)P2 antibody or the PH domain of PLCδ1 inhibited cell attachment, spreading, and migration. Taken together, these results indicate a unique localization of PI(4,5)P2 in the outer leaflet that may have a crucial role in cell attachment, spreading, and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Yoneda
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Kanemaru
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ai Matsubara
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Erika Takai
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Shimozawa
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Satow
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Yamaguchi
- Department of Cancer Cell Research, Sasaki Institute, Sasaki Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nakamura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Fukami
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
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Eto M, Shindou H, Yamamoto S, Tamura-Nakano M, Shimizu T. Lysophosphatidylethanolamine acyltransferase 2 (LPEAT2) incorporates DHA into phospholipids and has possible functions for fatty acid-induced cell death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:246-252. [PMID: 32204912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycerophospholipids, one of the main constituents of biological membranes, are synthesized from glycerol-3-phosphate through the de novo pathway, and are reconstituted through the remodeling pathway. Lysophosphatidylethanolamine acyltransferase 2 (LPEAT2), one of the enzymes that play a role in the remodeling pathway, has been previously reported to have LPEAT, lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) and lysophosphatidylglycerol acyltransferase (LPGAT) activities with 16:0-CoA, 18:0-CoA, and 18:1-CoA as donors. In this study, we found that LPEAT2 is active with 22:6-CoA. Knockdown studies using Neuro 2A cells showed that LPEAT2 has endogenous LPEAT activity with 22:6-CoA, and that LPEAT2 has functions for modulating 22:6/20:4 ratios of phospholipids. In addition, we demonstrated that Neuro 2A cells overexpressing LPEAT2 underwent cell death with necrotic morphology when differentiated into neuron-like cells, with supplementation with 22:6 (DHA). These results suggest that LPEAT2 plays a role in inducing cell death DHA-dependently. This study will lead to better understand how DHA levels are regulated in phospholipids, especially in the brain where LPEAT2 is highly expressed. Our study also provides insight to understand the mechanism of cell death induced by DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Eto
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan; Department of Lipid Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Shota Yamamoto
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Miwa Tamura-Nakano
- Department of Communal Laboratory, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan; Department of Lipidomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Patton-Vogt J, de Kroon AIPM. Phospholipid turnover and acyl chain remodeling in the yeast ER. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158462. [PMID: 31146038 PMCID: PMC10716787 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The turnover of phospholipids plays an essential role in membrane lipid homeostasis by impacting both lipid head group and acyl chain composition. This review focusses on the degradation and acyl chain remodeling of the major phospholipid classes present in the ER membrane of the reference eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae, i.e. phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Phospholipid turnover reactions are introduced, and the occurrence and important functions of phospholipid remodeling in higher eukaryotes are briefly summarized. After presenting an inventory of established mechanisms of phospholipid acyl chain exchange, current knowledge of phospholipid degradation and remodeling by phospholipases and acyltransferases localized to the yeast ER is summarized. PC is subject to the PC deacylation-reacylation remodeling pathway (PC-DRP) involving a phospholipase B, the recently identified glycerophosphocholine acyltransferase Gpc1p, and the broad specificity acyltransferase Ale1p. PI is post-synthetically enriched in C18:0 acyl chains by remodeling reactions involving Cst26p. PE may undergo turnover by the phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase Lro1p as first step in acyl chain remodeling. Clues as to the functions of phospholipid acyl chain remodeling are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Patton-Vogt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anton I P M de Kroon
- Membrane Biochemistry & Biophysics, Bijvoet Center and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Zhou Y, Xu C, Zhu W, He H, Zhang L, Tang B, Zeng Y, Tian Q, Deng HW. Long Noncoding RNA Analyses for Osteoporosis Risk in Caucasian Women. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 105:183-192. [PMID: 31073748 PMCID: PMC6712977 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00555-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis is a prevalent bone metabolic disease characterized by bone fragility. As a key pathophysiological mechanism, the disease is caused by excessive bone resorption (by osteoclasts) over bone formation (by osteoblasts). Peripheral blood monocytes (PBMs) is a major systemic cell model for bone metabolism by serving as progenitors of osteoclasts and producing cytokines important for osteoclastogenesis. Protein-coding genes for osteoporosis have been widely studied by mRNA analyses of PBMs in high versus low hip bone mineral density (BMD) subjects. However, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which account for a large proportion of human transcriptome, have seldom been studied. METHODS In this study, microarray analyses of monocytes were performed using Affymetrix exon 1.0 ST arrays in 73 Caucasian females (age: 47-56). LncRNA profile was generated by re-annotating exon array for lncRNAs detection, which yielded 12,007 lncRNAs mapped to the human genome. RESULTS 575 lncRNAs were differentially expressed between the two groups. In the high BMD subjects, 309 lncRNAs were upregulated and 266 lncRNAs were downregulated (nominally significant, raw p-value < 0.05). To investigate the relationship between mRNAs and lncRNAs, we used two approaches to predict the target genes of lncRNAs and found that 26 candidate lncRNAs might regulate mRNA expression. The majority of these lncRNAs were further validated to be potentially correlated with BMD by GWAS analysis. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings for the first time reported the lncRNAs profiles for osteoporosis and suggested the potential regulatory mechanism of lncRNAs on protein-coding genes in bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Chao Xu
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Hao He
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Lan Zhang
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Beisha Tang
- School of Basic Medical Science, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Qing Tian
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- School of Basic Medical Science, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St., RM 1619F, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Brooks PJ, Glogauer M, McCulloch CA. An Overview of the Derivation and Function of Multinucleated Giant Cells and Their Role in Pathologic Processes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1145-1158. [PMID: 30926333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte lineage cells play important roles in health and disease. Their differentiation into macrophages is crucial for a broad array of immunologic processes that regulate inflammation, neoplasia, and infection. In certain pathologic conditions, such as foreign body reactions and peripheral inflammatory lesions, monocytes fuse to form large, multinucleated giant cells (MGCs). Currently, our knowledge of the fusion mechanisms of monocytes and the regulation of MGC formation and function in discrete pathologies is limited. Herein, we consider the types and function of MGCs in disease and assess the mechanisms by which monocyte fusion contributes to the formation of MGCs. An improved understanding of the cellular origins and metabolic functions of MGCs will facilitate their identification and ultimately the treatment of diseases and disorders that involve MGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia J Brooks
- Matrix Dynamics Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Dental Oncology and Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Matrix Dynamics Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Dental Oncology and Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Kanduser M, Kokalj Imsirovic M, Usaj M. The Effect of Lipid Antioxidant α-Tocopherol on Cell Viability and Electrofusion Yield of B16-F1 Cells In Vitro. J Membr Biol 2019; 252:105-114. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-019-00059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Extracellular vesicle budding is inhibited by redundant regulators of TAT-5 flippase localization and phospholipid asymmetry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1127-E1136. [PMID: 29367422 PMCID: PMC5819400 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1714085115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that mediate intercellular communication and repair damaged membranes. Despite the pleiotropic functions of EVs in vitro, their in vivo function is debated, largely because it is unclear how to induce or inhibit their formation. In particular, the mechanisms of EV release by plasma membrane budding or ectocytosis are poorly understood. We previously showed that TAT-5 phospholipid flippase activity maintains the asymmetric localization of the lipid phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the plasma membrane and inhibits EV budding by ectocytosis in Caenorhabditis elegans However, no proteins that inhibit ectocytosis upstream of TAT-5 were known. Here, we identify TAT-5 regulators associated with retrograde endosomal recycling: PI3Kinase VPS-34, Beclin1 homolog BEC-1, DnaJ protein RME-8, and the uncharacterized Dopey homolog PAD-1. PI3Kinase, RME-8, and semiredundant sorting nexins are required for the plasma membrane localization of TAT-5, which is important to maintain PE asymmetry and inhibit EV release. PAD-1 does not directly regulate TAT-5 localization, but is required for the lipid flipping activity of TAT-5. PAD-1 also has roles in endosomal trafficking with the GEF-like protein MON-2, which regulates PE asymmetry and EV release redundantly with sorting nexins independent of the core retromer. Thus, in addition to uncovering redundant intracellular trafficking pathways, our study identifies additional proteins that regulate EV release. This work pinpoints TAT-5 and PE as key regulators of plasma membrane budding, further supporting the model that PE externalization drives ectocytosis.
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