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Alsegehy S, Southey BR, Hernandez AG, Rund LA, Antonson AM, Nowak RA, Johnson RW, Rodriguez-Zas SL. Epigenetic disruptions in the offspring hypothalamus in response to maternal infection. Gene 2024; 910:148329. [PMID: 38431234 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that can alter gene expression, and the incidence can vary across developmental stages, inflammatory conditions, and sexes. The effects of viral maternal viral infection and sex on the DNA methylation patterns were studied in the hypothalamus of a pig model of immune activation during development. DNA methylation at single-base resolution in regions of high CpG density was measured on 24 individual hypothalamus samples using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. Differential over- and under-methylated sites were identified and annotated to proximal genes and corresponding biological processes. A total of 120 sites were differentially methylated (FDR-adjusted p-value < 0.05) between maternal infection or sex groups. Among the 66 sites differentially methylated between groups exposed to inflammatory signals and control, most sites were over-methylated in the challenged group and included sites in the promoter regions of genes SIRT3 and NRBP1. Among the 54 differentially methylated sites between females and males, most sites were over-methylated in females and included sites in the promoter region of genes TNC and EIF4G1. The analysis of the genes proximal to the differentially methylated sites suggested that biological processes potentially impacted include immune response, neuron migration and ensheathment, peptide signaling, adaptive thermogenesis, and tissue development. These results suggest that translational studies should consider that the prolonged effect of maternal infection during gestation may be enacted through epigenetic regulatory mechanisms that may differ between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Alsegehy
- Informatics Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA
| | - Bruce R Southey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Alvaro G Hernandez
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Lauretta A Rund
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Adrienne M Antonson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Romana A Nowak
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Rodney W Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sandra L Rodriguez-Zas
- Informatics Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA.
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Shilbayeh SAR, Adeen IS, Ghanem EH, Aljurayb H, Aldilaijan KE, AlDosari F, Fadda A. Exploratory focused pharmacogenetic testing reveals novel markers associated with risperidone pharmacokinetics in Saudi children with autism. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1356763. [PMID: 38375040 PMCID: PMC10875102 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1356763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) encompass a broad range of phenotypes characterized by diverse neurological alterations. Genomic studies have revealed considerable overlap between the molecular mechanisms implicated in the etiology of ASD and genes involved in the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) pathways of antipsychotic drugs employed in ASD management. Given the conflicting data originating from candidate PK or PD gene association studies in diverse ethnogeographic ASD populations, dosage individualization based on "actionable" pharmacogenetic (PGx) markers has limited application in clinical practice. Additionally, off-label use of different antipsychotics is an ongoing practice, which is justified given the shortage of approved cures, despite the lack of satisfactory evidence for its safety according to precision medicine. This exploratory study aimed to identify PGx markers predictive of risperidone (RIS) exposure in autistic Saudi children. Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled 89 Saudi children with ASD treated with RIS-based antipsychotic therapy. Plasma levels of RIS and 9-OH-RIS were measured using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry system. To enable focused exploratory testing, genotyping was performed with the Axiom PharmacoFocus Array, which included a collection of probe sets targeting PK/PD genes. A total of 720 PGx markers were included in the association analysis. Results: A total of 27 PGx variants were found to have a prominent impact on various RIS PK parameters; most were not located within the genes involved in the classical RIS PK pathway. Specifically, 8 markers in 7 genes were identified as the PGx markers with the strongest impact on RIS levels (p < 0.01). Four PGx variants in 3 genes were strongly associated with 9-OH-RIS levels, while 5 markers in 5 different genes explained the interindividual variability in the total active moiety. Notably, 6 CYP2D6 variants exhibited strong linkage disequilibrium; however, they significantly influenced only the metabolic ratio and had no considerable effects on the individual estimates of RIS, 9-OH-RIS, or the total active moiety. After correction for multiple testing, rs78998153 in UGT2B17 (which is highly expressed in the brain) remained the most significant PGx marker positively adjusting the metabolic ratio. For the first time, certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA) markers were found to enhance various RIS exposure parameters, which reinforces the gut-brain axis theory of ASD etiology and its suggested inflammatory impacts on drug bioavailability through modulation of the brain, gastrointestinal tract and/or hepatic expression of metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Conclusion: Our hypothesis-generating approach identified a broad spectrum of PGx markers that interactively influence RIS exposure in ASD children, which indicated the need for further validation in population PK modeling studies to define polygenic scores for antipsychotic efficacy and safety, which could facilitate personalized therapeutic decision-making in this complex neurodevelopmental condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sireen Abdul Rahim Shilbayeh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iman Sharaf Adeen
- Department of Pediatric Behavior and Development and Adolescent Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ezzeldeen Hasan Ghanem
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Section, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haya Aljurayb
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine Administration, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawlah Essa Aldilaijan
- Health Sciences Research Center, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah AlDosari
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Wang Y, Tan X, Chen Z, Zhang B, Gao Y, Wang Y. Association between the rs6313 polymorphism in the 5-HTR2A gene and the efficacy of antipsychotic drugs. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:682. [PMID: 37726709 PMCID: PMC10510297 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prescribing the optimal antipsychotic treatment to schizophrenia is very important as it is well established that patients have different sensitivity to the available antipsychotic drugs. The genotype of the HTR2A T102C (rs6313) polymorphism has been suggested to affect the efficacy of antipsychotic drugs, but the results of different studies have been inconsistent METHODS: In this study, a meta-analysis was used to ascertain the association between allele and genotype polymorphism of rs6313 and the efficacy of antipsychotic drugs. Related studies publicated from January 1995 to December 2021 were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases. The correlations between allele and genotype polymorphism of rs6313 and the responder rate and scale score reduction rate of antipsychotics were analyzed. In addition, subgroup analyses were performed on time, drug, and ethnicity. RESULTS A total of 18 studies were included. The meta-analysis showed that allele and genotype polymorphisms at the rs6313 locus overall were not associated with antipsychotic drug responder rate or scale score reduction rate. Ethnicity subgroup analysis showed that antipsychotic drugs were more effective in patients with allele T in the Caucasian population. Indian patients with the TT genotype had the lowest scale score reduction rate and poor drug treatment effect. East Asian patients with the TC genotype had better treatment effect, whereas in patients with the CC genotype, the treatment was less effective. Drug subgroup analysis showed that patients with the TC genotype treated with clozapine had the highest responder rate and score reduction rate. CONCLUSIONS The association between rs6313 polymorphism and the efficacy of antipsychotic drugs is mainly influenced by drug and ethnicity. Caucasian patients with the T allele respond better to drug therapy, and Asian patients with TC genotype. The TC genotype was also a good predictor of the efficacy of clozapine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Wang
- Lin He's Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation in Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Teacher Education, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xingru Tan
- Lin He's Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation in Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zhoufangyuan Chen
- Lin He's Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation in Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Bide Zhang
- Lin He's Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation in Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yunzhi Gao
- Lin He's Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation in Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yanlong Wang
- Lin He's Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation in Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.
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Yano N, Fedulov AV. Targeted DNA Demethylation: Vectors, Effectors and Perspectives. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051334. [PMID: 37239005 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA hypermethylation at regulatory cis-elements of particular genes is seen in a plethora of pathological conditions including cardiovascular, neurological, immunological, gastrointestinal and renal diseases, as well as in cancer, diabetes and others. Thus, approaches for experimental and therapeutic DNA demethylation have a great potential to demonstrate mechanistic importance, and even causality of epigenetic alterations, and may open novel avenues to epigenetic cures. However, existing methods based on DNA methyltransferase inhibitors that elicit genome-wide demethylation are not suitable for treatment of diseases with specific epimutations and provide a limited experimental value. Therefore, gene-specific epigenetic editing is a critical approach for epigenetic re-activation of silenced genes. Site-specific demethylation can be achieved by utilizing sequence-dependent DNA-binding molecules such as zinc finger protein array (ZFA), transcription activator-like effector (TALE) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated dead Cas9 (CRISPR/dCas9). Synthetic proteins, where these DNA-binding domains are fused with the DNA demethylases such as ten-eleven translocation (Tet) and thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) enzymes, successfully induced or enhanced transcriptional responsiveness at targeted loci. However, a number of challenges, including the dependence on transgenesis for delivery of the fusion constructs, remain issues to be solved. In this review, we detail current and potential approaches to gene-specific DNA demethylation as a novel epigenetic editing-based therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Yano
- Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Alexey V Fedulov
- Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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Smith DA, Sadler MC, Altman RB. Promises and challenges in pharmacoepigenetics. CAMBRIDGE PRISMS. PRECISION MEDICINE 2023; 1:e18. [PMID: 37560024 PMCID: PMC10406571 DOI: 10.1017/pcm.2023.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacogenetics, the study of how interindividual genetic differences affect drug response, does not explain all observed heritable variance in drug response. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, and histone acetylation may account for some of the unexplained variances. Epigenetic mechanisms modulate gene expression and can be suitable drug targets and can impact the action of nonepigenetic drugs. Pharmacoepigenetics is the field that studies the relationship between epigenetic variability and drug response. Much of this research focuses on compounds targeting epigenetic mechanisms, called epigenetic drugs, which are used to treat cancers, immune disorders, and other diseases. Several studies also suggest an epigenetic role in classical drug response; however, we know little about this area. The amount of information correlating epigenetic biomarkers to molecular datasets has recently expanded due to technological advances, and novel computational approaches have emerged to better identify and predict epigenetic interactions. We propose that the relationship between epigenetics and classical drug response may be examined using data already available by (1) finding regions of epigenetic variance, (2) pinpointing key epigenetic biomarkers within these regions, and (3) mapping these biomarkers to a drug-response phenotype. This approach expands on existing knowledge to generate putative pharmacoepigenetic relationships, which can be tested experimentally. Epigenetic modifications are involved in disease and drug response. Therefore, understanding how epigenetic drivers impact the response to classical drugs is important for improving drug design and administration to better treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaney A Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marie C Sadler
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Russ B Altman
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Micale V, Di Bartolomeo M, Di Martino S, Stark T, Dell'Osso B, Drago F, D'Addario C. Are the epigenetic changes predictive of therapeutic efficacy for psychiatric disorders? A translational approach towards novel drug targets. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 241:108279. [PMID: 36103902 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of mental disorders is not fully understood and accumulating evidence support that clinical symptomatology cannot be assigned to a single gene mutation, but it involves several genetic factors. More specifically, a tight association between genes and environmental risk factors, which could be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms, may play a role in the development of mental disorders. Several data suggest that epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, post-translational histone modification and interference of microRNA (miRNA) or long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) may modify the severity of the disease and the outcome of the therapy. Indeed, the study of these mechanisms may help to identify patients particularly vulnerable to mental disorders and may have potential utility as biomarkers to facilitate diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders. This article summarizes the most relevant preclinical and human data showing how epigenetic modifications can be central to the therapeutic efficacy of antidepressant and/or antipsychotic agents, as possible predictor of drugs response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Micale
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Martina Di Bartolomeo
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Serena Di Martino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Tibor Stark
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Scientific Core Unit Neuroimaging, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernardo Dell'Osso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'Luigi Sacco', University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Department of Mental Health, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy; "Aldo Ravelli" Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan Medical School, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Claudio D'Addario
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hao X, Li Y, Bian J, Zhang Y, He S, Yu F, Feng Y, Huang L. Impact of DNA methylation on ADME gene expression, drug disposition and efficacy. Drug Metab Rev 2022; 54:194-206. [PMID: 35412942 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2022.2064488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Interindividual differences in drug response have always existed in clinical treatment. Genes involved in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) play an important role in the process of pharmacokinetics. The effects of genetic polymorphism and nuclear receptors on the expression of drug metabolism enzymes and transporters can only explain some individual differences in clinical treatment. Several key ADME genes have been demonstrated to be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms that can potentially affect interindividual variability in medical treatment. Emerging studies have focused on the importance of DNA methylation for ADME gene expression and for drug response. Among them, the most studied is anti-tumor drugs, and followed by anti-tuberculous and anti-platelet drugs. Therefore, we provide an epigenetics perspective on variability in drug response. The review summarizes the correlation between ADME gene expression and DNA methylation, including the exact methylation locations, and focuses on the corresponding drug disposition and effects to illuminate interindividual differences in clinical medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China.,School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China.,School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jialu Bian
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
| | - Shiyu He
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
| | - Feng Yu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yufei Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
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Pedrazzi JFC, Sales AJ, Guimarães FS, Joca SRL, Crippa JAS, Del Bel E. Cannabidiol prevents disruptions in sensorimotor gating induced by psychotomimetic drugs that last for 24-h with probable involvement of epigenetic changes in the ventral striatum. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110352. [PMID: 34015384 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), a major non-psychotomimetic component of the Cannabis sativa plant, shows therapeutic potential in several psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. The molecular mechanisms underlying the antipsychotic-like effects of CBD are not fully understood. Schizophrenia and antipsychotic treatment can modulate DNA methylation in the blood and brain, resulting in altered expression of diverse genes associated with this complex disorder. However, to date, the possible involvement of DNA methylation in the antipsychotic-like effects of CBD has not been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating in mice submitted to the prepulse inhibition (PPI) model: i) the effects of a single injection of CBD or clozapine followed by AMPH or MK-801 on PPI and global DNA methylation changes in the ventral striatum and prefrontal cortex (PFC); and ii). if the acute antipsychotic-like effects of CBD would last for 24-h. AMPH (5 mg/kg) and MK-801 (0.5 mg/kg) impaired PPI. CBD (30 and 60 mg/kg), similar to clozapine (5 mg/kg), attenuated AMPH- and MK801-induced PPI disruption. AMPH, but not MK-801, increased global DNA methylation in the ventral striatum, an effect prevented by CBD. CBD and clozapine increased, by themselves, DNA methylation in the prefrontal cortex. The acute effects of CBD (30 or 60 mg/kg) on the PPI impairment induced by AMPH or MK-801 was also detectable 24 h later. Altogether, the results show that CBD induces acute antipsychotic-like effects that last for 24-h. It also modulates DNA methylation in the ventral striatum, suggesting a new potential mechanism for its antipsychotic-like effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- João F C Pedrazzi
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda J Sales
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco S Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sâmia R L Joca
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Departament of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - José A S Crippa
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Del Bel
- Department of Morphology, Physiology, and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Lisoway AJ, Chen CC, Zai CC, Tiwari AK, Kennedy JL. Toward personalized medicine in schizophrenia: Genetics and epigenetics of antipsychotic treatment. Schizophr Res 2021; 232:112-124. [PMID: 34049235 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder where genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors play a role in disease onset, course of illness, and treatment outcome. Pharmaco(epi)genetic research presents an important opportunity to improve patient care through prediction of medication side effects and response. In this narrative review, we discuss the current state of research and important progress of both genetic and epigenetic factors involved in antipsychotic response, over the past five years. The review is largely focused on the following frequently prescribed antipsychotics: olanzapine, risperidone, aripiprazole, and clozapine. Several consistent pharmacogenetic findings have emerged, in particular pharmacokinetic genes (primarily cytochrome P450 enzymes) and pharmacodynamic genes involving dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate neurotransmission. In addition to studies analysing DNA sequence variants, there are also several pharmacoepigenetic studies of antipsychotic response that have focused on the measurement of DNA methylation. Although pharmacoepigenetics is still in its infancy, consideration of both genetic and epigenetic factors contributing to antipsychotic response and side effects no doubt will be increasingly important in personalized medicine. We provide recommendations for next steps in research and clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Lisoway
- Molecular Brain Science Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Cheng C Chen
- Molecular Brain Science Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Clement C Zai
- Molecular Brain Science Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Arun K Tiwari
- Molecular Brain Science Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- Molecular Brain Science Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada.
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Zhou J, Li M, Wang X, He Y, Xia Y, Sweeney JA, Kopp RF, Liu C, Chen C. Drug Response-Related DNA Methylation Changes in Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Major Depressive Disorder. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:674273. [PMID: 34054421 PMCID: PMC8155631 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.674273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacotherapy is the most common treatment for schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD). Pharmacogenetic studies have achieved results with limited clinical utility. DNA methylation (DNAm), an epigenetic modification, has been proposed to be involved in both the pathology and drug treatment of these disorders. Emerging data indicates that DNAm could be used as a predictor of drug response for psychiatric disorders. In this study, we performed a systematic review to evaluate the reproducibility of published changes of drug response-related DNAm in SCZ, BD and MDD. A total of 37 publications were included. Since the studies involved patients of different treatment stages, we partitioned them into three groups based on their primary focuses: (1) medication-induced DNAm changes (n = 8); (2) the relationship between DNAm and clinical improvement (n = 24); and (3) comparison of DNAm status across different medications (n = 14). We found that only BDNF was consistent with the DNAm changes detected in four independent studies for MDD. It was positively correlated with clinical improvement in MDD. To develop better predictive DNAm factors for drug response, we also discussed future research strategies, including experimental, analytical procedures and statistical criteria. Our review shows promising possibilities for using BDNF DNAm as a predictor of antidepressant treatment response for MDD, while more pharmacoepigenetic studies are needed for treatments of various diseases. Future research should take advantage of a system-wide analysis with a strict and standard analytical procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhou
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Miao Li
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuwen He
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - John A. Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Richard F. Kopp
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Chao Chen
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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11
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Epigenetic biotypes of post-traumatic stress disorder in war-zone exposed veteran and active duty males. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4300-4314. [PMID: 33339956 PMCID: PMC8550967 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00966-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a heterogeneous condition evidenced by the absence of objective physiological measurements applicable to all who meet the criteria for the disorder as well as divergent responses to treatments. This study capitalized on biological diversity observed within the PTSD group observed following epigenome-wide analysis of a well-characterized Discovery cohort (N = 166) consisting of 83 male combat exposed veterans with PTSD, and 83 combat veterans without PTSD in order to identify patterns that might distinguish subtypes. Computational analysis of DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles identified two PTSD biotypes within the PTSD+ group, G1 and G2, associated with 34 clinical features that are associated with PTSD and PTSD comorbidities. The G2 biotype was associated with an increased PTSD risk and had higher polygenic risk scores and a greater methylation compared to the G1 biotype and healthy controls. The findings were validated at a 3-year follow-up (N = 59) of the same individuals as well as in two independent, veteran cohorts (N = 54 and N = 38), and an active duty cohort (N = 133). In some cases, for example Dopamine-PKA-CREB and GABA-PKC-CREB signaling pathways, the biotypes were oppositely dysregulated, suggesting that the biotypes were not simply a function of a dimensional relationship with symptom severity, but may represent distinct biological risk profiles underpinning PTSD. The identification of two novel distinct epigenetic biotypes for PTSD may have future utility in understanding biological and clinical heterogeneity in PTSD and potential applications in risk assessment for active duty military personnel under non-clinician-administered settings, and improvement of PTSD diagnostic markers.
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12
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Carvalho Henriques B, Yang EH, Lapetina D, Carr MS, Yavorskyy V, Hague J, Aitchison KJ. How Can Drug Metabolism and Transporter Genetics Inform Psychotropic Prescribing? Front Genet 2020; 11:491895. [PMID: 33363564 PMCID: PMC7753050 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.491895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many genetic variants in drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters have been shown to be relevant for treating psychiatric disorders. Associations are strong enough to feature on drug labels and for prescribing guidelines based on such data. A range of commercial tests are available; however, there is variability in included genetic variants, methodology, and interpretation. We herein provide relevant background for understanding clinical associations with specific variants, other factors that are relevant to consider when interpreting such data (such as age, gender, drug-drug interactions), and summarize the data relevant to clinical utility of pharmacogenetic testing in psychiatry and the available prescribing guidelines. We also highlight areas for future research focus in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esther H. Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Diego Lapetina
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Michael S. Carr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Vasyl Yavorskyy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Joshua Hague
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Katherine J. Aitchison
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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13
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Feng Y, Shi J, Wang L, Zhang X, Tan Y, Zhao J, Ning Y, Xie S, Liu X, Liu Q, Li K, Wang X, Li L, Xu X, Deng W, Luo X, Wang G. Randomized, double-blind, 6-week non-inferiority study of lurasidone and risperidone for the treatment of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:336-343. [PMID: 31823444 PMCID: PMC7317929 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lurasidone for the treatment of Chinese schizophrenic patients. METHODS Hospitalized schizophrenia patients aged 18-65 were randomized to 6 weeks of double-blind, double-dummy, flexible-dose treatment with lurasidone (40 or 80 mg/day) or risperidone (2, 4 or 6 mg/day). Efficacy was evaluated using a non-inferiority comparison of lurasidone relative to risperidone based on week 6 change in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score. Safety assessments included adverse events, clinical laboratory measures, and electrocardiograms. RESULTS Four hundred and forty-four patients were screened to obtain an intent-to-treat sample of 384 patients, of whom 54 patients discontinued treatment prior to 6 weeks. Lurasidone met the criteria for non-inferiority versus risperidone on the PANSS total score. Adjusted mean (SE) change at week 6 on the PANSS total score was -31.2 (1.0) and -34.9 (1.0) in the lurasidone and risperidone group, respectively. The mean difference score was 3.7, and the upper boundary of the 95%-confidence interval (1.0-6.3) was less than the prespecified margin of 7.0. No clinically meaningful between-treatment group differences were evident on secondary efficacy measures, including PANSS positive, PANSS negative, Clinical Global Impression scale - Severity, and Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia scales. The incidence of adverse events was lower for lurasidone vs risperidone for extrapyramidal symptoms (17.0% vs 38.2%), akathisia (7.2% vs 13.6%), prolactin increase (3.1% vs 14.1%), and weight increase (0.5% vs 5.2%). CONCLUSION Lurasidone was found to be non-inferior to risperidone on the primary endpoint with minimal effects on weight, metabolic parameters, or prolactin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Feng
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuxi Mental Health Center, Wuxi, China
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Provincial Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuping Ning
- Department of Psychiatry, Guangzhou Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiping Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Sixth Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Keqing Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Hebei Mental Health Center, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Mental Health Institute, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lehua Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiufeng Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Luo
- Medical Division, Sumitomo Pharma(Suzhou)Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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14
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Maffioletti E, Valsecchi P, Minelli A, Magri C, Bonvicini C, Barlati S, Sacchetti E, Vita A, Gennarelli M. Association study betweenHTR2Ars6313 polymorphism and early response to risperidone and olanzapine in schizophrenia patients. Drug Dev Res 2020; 81:754-761. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Valsecchi
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction ServicesASST Spedali Civili Brescia Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental SciencesUniversity of Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - Alessandra Minelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - Chiara Magri
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - Cristian Bonvicini
- Genetics UnitIRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli Brescia Italy
| | - Stefano Barlati
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction ServicesASST Spedali Civili Brescia Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental SciencesUniversity of Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - Emilio Sacchetti
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction ServicesASST Spedali Civili Brescia Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental SciencesUniversity of Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - Antonio Vita
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction ServicesASST Spedali Civili Brescia Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental SciencesUniversity of Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of Brescia Brescia Italy
- Genetics UnitIRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli Brescia Italy
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15
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Yoshida K, Müller DJ. Pharmacogenetics of Antipsychotic Drug Treatment: Update and Clinical Implications. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2020; 5:1-26. [PMID: 32399466 PMCID: PMC7206586 DOI: 10.1159/000492332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Numerous genetic variants have been shown to be associated with antipsychotic response and adverse effects of schizophrenia treatment. However, the clinical application of these findings is limited. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the most recent publications and recommendations related to the genetics of antipsychotic treatment and shed light on the clinical utility of pharmacogenetics/pharmacogenomics (PGx). We reviewed the literature on PGx studies with antipsychotic drugs (i.e., antipsychotic response and adverse effects) and commonly used commercial PGx tools for clinical practice. Publications and reviews were included with emphasis on articles published between January 2015 and April 2018. We found 44 studies focusing on antipsychotic response and 45 studies on adverse effects (e.g., antipsychotic-induced weight gain, movement disorders, hormonal abnormality, and clozapine-induced agranulocytosis/granulocytopenia), albeit with mixed results. Overall, several gene variants related to antipsychotic response and adverse effects in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia have been reported, and several commercial pharmacogenomic tests have become available. However, further well-designed investigations and replication studies in large and well-characterized samples are needed to facilitate the application of PGx findings to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Yoshida
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel J. Müller
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Burghardt KJ, Khoury AS, Msallaty Z, Yi Z, Seyoum B. Antipsychotic Medications and DNA Methylation in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review. Pharmacotherapy 2020; 40:331-342. [PMID: 32058614 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacoepigenetics of antipsychotic treatment in severe mental illness is a growing area of research that aims to understand the interface between antipsychotic treatment and genetic regulation. Pharmacoepigenetics may some day assist in identifying treatment response mechanisms or become one of the components in the implementation of precision medicine. To understand the current evidence regarding the effects of antipsychotics on DNA methylation a systematic review with qualitative synthesis was performed through Pubmed, Embase and Psychinfo from earliest data to June 2019. Studies were included if they analyzed DNA methylation in an antipsychotic-treated population of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Data extraction occurred via a standardized format and study quality was assessed. Twenty-nine studies were identified for inclusion. Study design, antipsychotic type, sample source, and methods of DNA methylation measurement varied across all studies. Eighteen studies analyzed methylation in patients with schizophrenia, four studies in patients with bipolar disorder, and seven studies in a combined sample of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Twenty-two studies used observational samples whereas the remainder used prospectively treated samples. Six studies assessed global methylation, five assessed epigenome-wide, and 15 performed a candidate epigenetic study. Two studies analyzed both global and gene-specific methylation, whereas one study performed a simultaneous epigenome-wide and gene-specific study. Only three genes were analyzed in more than one gene-specific study and the findings were discordant. The state of the pharmacoepigenetic literature on antipsychotic use is still in its early stages and uniform reporting of methylation site information is needed. Future work should concentrate on using prospective sampling with appropriate control groups and begin to replicate many of the novel associations that have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Burghardt
- Wayne State University Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Audrey S Khoury
- Wayne State University Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Zaher Msallaty
- Wayne State University Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Zhengping Yi
- Wayne State University Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Berhane Seyoum
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
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17
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Kalichak F, de Alcantara Barcellos HH, Idalencio R, Koakoski G, Soares SM, Pompermaier A, Rossini M, Barcellos LJG. Persistent and transgenerational effects of risperidone in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:26293-26303. [PMID: 31286368 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Since behavior is the connection between the internal physiological processes of an animal and its interaction with the environment, a complete behavioral repertoire is crucial for fish survival and fitness, at both the individual and population levels. Thus, unintended exposure of non-target organisms to antipsychotic residues in the environment can impact their normal behavior, and some of these behavioral changes can be seen during the entire life of the animal and passed to subsequent generations. Although there are some reports related to transgenerational toxicology, little is known of the long-term consequences of exposure to pharmaceutical compounds such as risperidone. Here, we show that zebrafish exposed to risperidone (RISP) during embryonic and larval stages presented impaired anti-predatory behavior during adulthood, characterizing a persistent effect. We also show that some of these behavioral changes are present in the following generation, characterizing a transgenerational effect. This suggests that even short exposures to environmentally relevant concentrations, at essential stages of development, can persist throughout the whole life of the zebrafish, including its offspring. From an environmental perspective, our results suggested possible risks and long-term consequences associated with drug residues in water, which can affect aquatic life and endanger species that depend on appropriate behavioral responses for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Kalichak
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdades Integradas do Vale do Iguaçu (Uniguaçu), Rua Padre Saporiti, 717, Rio D'Areia, União da Vitória, PR, 84600-904, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Helena de Alcantara Barcellos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Renan Idalencio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Gessi Koakoski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Suelen Mendonça Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Aline Pompermaier
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Mainara Rossini
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo José Gil Barcellos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil.
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18
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DNA Methylation as a Biomarker of Treatment Response Variability in Serious Mental Illnesses: A Systematic Review Focused on Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia, and Major Depressive Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103026. [PMID: 30287754 PMCID: PMC6213157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, genetic studies of treatment response in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression have returned results with limited clinical utility. A gene × environment interplay has been proposed as a factor influencing not only pathophysiology but also the treatment response. Therefore, epigenetics has emerged as a major field of research to study the treatment of these three disorders. Among the epigenetic marks that can modify gene expression, DNA methylation is the best studied. We performed a systematic search (PubMed) following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA guidelines for preclinical and clinical studies focused on genome-wide and gene-specific DNA methylation in the context of schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, and major depressive disorder. Out of the 112 studies initially identified, we selected 31 studies among them, with an emphasis on responses to the gold standard treatments in each disorder. Modulations of DNA methylation levels at specific CpG sites have been documented for all classes of treatments (antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and antidepressants). The heterogeneity of the models and methodologies used complicate the interpretation of results. Although few studies in each disorder have assessed the potential of DNA methylation as biomarkers of treatment response, data support this hypothesis for antipsychotics, mood stabilizers and antidepressants.
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19
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Pharmacogenetics analysis of serotonin receptor gene variants and clinical response to risperidone in Han Chinese schizophrenic patients. Neurosci Lett 2018; 683:202-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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20
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Sagud M, Tudor L, Uzun S, Perkovic MN, Zivkovic M, Konjevod M, Kozumplik O, Vuksan Cusa B, Svob Strac D, Rados I, Mimica N, Mihaljevic Peles A, Nedic Erjavec G, Pivac N. Haplotypic and Genotypic Association of Catechol- O-Methyltransferase rs4680 and rs4818 Polymorphisms and Treatment Resistance in Schizophrenia. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:705. [PMID: 30018555 PMCID: PMC6037851 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) continues to be a challenge. It was related to different factors, including alterations in the activity of brain dopaminergic system, which could be influenced by the dopamine-degrading enzyme, catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). Variants of the COMT gene have been extensively studied as risk factors for schizophrenia; however, their association with TRS has been poorly investigated. The aim of the present study was to determine the haplotypic and genotypic association of COMT rs4680 and rs4818 polymorphisms with the presence of TRS. Overall, 931 Caucasian patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (386 females and 545 males) were included, while 270 participants met the criteria for TRS. In males, no significant haplotypic and genotypic associations between COMT rs4680 and rs4818 polymorphisms and TRS were detected. However, genotypic analyses demonstrated higher frequency of COMT rs4680 AA genotype carriers compared to G-allele carriers (p = 0.033) and higher frequency of COMT rs4818 CC genotype carriers than G-allele carriers (p = 0.014) in females with TRS. Haplotype analyses confirmed that the presence of the G allele in females was associated with lower risk of TRS. In women with TRS, the high activity G-G/G-G haplotype was rare, while carriers of other haplotypes were overrepresented (p = 0.009). Such associations of COMT rs4680 and rs4818 high-activity (G variants), as well as G-G/G-G haplotype, with the lower risk of TRS in females, but not in males, suggest significant, but sex-specific influence of COMT variants on the development of treatment-resistance in patients with schizophrenia. However, due to relatively low number of females, those findings require replication in a larger sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sagud
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Tudor
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Suzana Uzun
- Department of Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatrics, University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Matea Nikolac Perkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Zivkovic
- Department of Integrative Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marcela Konjevod
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Oliver Kozumplik
- Department of Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatrics, University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Bjanka Vuksan Cusa
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Svob Strac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Rados
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ninoslav Mimica
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatrics, University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alma Mihaljevic Peles
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Nedic Erjavec
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nela Pivac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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21
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Kular L, Kular S. Epigenetics applied to psychiatry: Clinical opportunities and future challenges. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 72:195-211. [PMID: 29292553 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are clinically heterogeneous and debilitating chronic diseases resulting from a complex interplay between gene variants and environmental factors. Epigenetic processes, such as DNA methylation and histone posttranslational modifications, instruct the cell/tissue to correctly interpret external signals and adjust its functions accordingly. Given that epigenetic modifications are sensitive to environment, stable, and reversible, epigenetic studies in psychiatry could represent a promising approach to better understanding and treating disease. In the present review, we aim to discuss the clinical opportunities and challenges arising from the epigenetic research in psychiatry. Using selected examples, we first recapitulate key findings supporting the role of adverse life events, alone or in combination with genetic risk, in epigenetic programming of neuropsychiatric systems. Epigenetic studies further report encouraging findings about the use of methylation changes as diagnostic markers of disease phenotype and predictive tools of progression and response to treatment. Then we discuss the potential of using targeted epigenetic pharmacotherapy, combined with psychosocial interventions, for future personalized medicine for patients. Finally, we review the methodological limitations that could hinder interpretation of epigenetic data in psychiatry. They mainly arise from heterogeneity at the individual and tissue level and require future strategies in order to reinforce the biological relevance of epigenetic data and its translational use in psychiatry. Overall, we suggest that epigenetics could provide new insights into a more comprehensive interpretation of mental illness and might eventually improve the nosology, treatment, and prevention of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Kular
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonia Kular
- Adult Psychiatry Unit of Laval Secteur Est, Laval, France
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Escamilla R, Camarena B, Saracco-Alvarez R, Fresán A, Hernández S, Aguilar-García A. Association study between COMT, DRD2, and DRD3 gene variants and antipsychotic treatment response in Mexican patients with schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:2981-2987. [PMID: 30464483 PMCID: PMC6223330 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s176455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The efficacy of schizophrenia treatments using antipsychotics (APs) has long been established, but the benefit obtained by several patients using conventional APs (typical or atypical) has not been enough. Currently, the genetic study of the primary mechanisms of action of the APs has been focused on the dopaminergic pathways. The objective of this study was to determine if the response phenotypes (responder, resistance to treatment, and ultra-resistance to treatment groups) are associated with six single-nucleotide polymorphisms: COMT (Val158Met), DRD2 (A-241G, C376G, C939T, Taq1A), and DRD3 (Ser9Gly). PATIENTS AND METHODS We classified the patients through a retrospective/prospective methodology to define response phenotypes. RESULTS COMT/Val158Met and DRD3/Ser9Gly were associated with the responder group (P<0.05). The single-nucleotide polymorphism A-241G of DRD2 gene was related with the resistant-to-treatment group (P<0.001). Finally, Met/Met of COMT and Ser/Gly of DRD3 genes showed a predictive effect associated with the resistant-to-treatment phenotype. CONCLUSION Further analyses should be performed to validate these genetic markers as mediators for the response to APs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Escamilla
- Schizophrenia Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRFM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Ricardo Saracco-Alvarez
- Schizophrenia Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRFM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Fresán
- Division of Clinical Research, INPRFM, Mexico City, Mexico
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Xue F, Chen YC, Zhou CH, Wang Y, Cai M, Yan WJ, Wu R, Wang HN, Peng ZW. Risperidone ameliorates cognitive deficits, promotes hippocampal proliferation, and enhances Notch signaling in a murine model of schizophrenia. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017; 163:101-109. [PMID: 29037878 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotic agents have been reported to promote hippocampal neurogenesis and improve cognitive deficits; yet, the molecular mechanisms underlying these actions remain unclear. In the present study, we used a murine model of schizophrenia induced by 5-day intraperitoneal injection with the non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist MK801 (0.3mg/kg/day) to assess cognitive behavioral deficits, changes in Notch signaling, and cellular proliferation in the hippocampus of adult male C57BL/6 mice after 2-week administration of risperidone (Rip, 0.2mg/kg/day) or vehicle. We then utilized in vivo stereotaxic injections of a lentivirus expressing a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) for Notch1 into the dentate gyrus to examine the role of Notch1 in the observed actions of Rip. We found that Rip ameliorated cognitive deficits and restored cell proliferation in MK801-treated mice in a manner associated with the up-regulation of Notch signaling molecules, including Notch1, Hes1, and Hes5. Moreover, these effects were abolished by pretreatment with Notch1 shRNA. Our results suggest that the ability of Rip to improve cognitive function in schizophrenia is mediated in part by Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yun-Chun Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Cui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Min Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wen-Jun Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hua-Ning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Zheng-Wu Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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