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Erfanian S, Mir H, Abdoli A, Roustazadeh A. Association of gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor (GIPR) gene polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus in iranian patients. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:44. [PMID: 36882778 PMCID: PMC9990261 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01477-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor (GIPR) encodes a G-protein coupled receptor for gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), which was demonstrated to stimulate insulin secretion. Relation of GIPR gene variation to impaired insulin response has been suggested in previous studies. However, little information is available regarding GIPR polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hence, the aim of the study was to investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter and coding regions of GIPR in Iranian T2DM patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred subjects including 100 healthy and 100 T2DM patients were recruited in the study. Genotypes and allele frequency of rs34125392, rs4380143 and rs1800437 in the promoter, 5' UTR and coding region of GIPR were investigated by RFLP-PCR and Nested-PCR. RESULTS Our finding indicated that rs34125392 genotype distribution was statistically different between T2DM and healthy groups (P = 0.043). In addition, distribution of T/- + -/- versus TT was significantly different between the both groups (P = 0.021). Moreover, rs34125392 T/- genotype increased the risk of T2DM (OR = 2.68, 95%CI = 1.203-5.653, P = 0.015). However, allele frequency and genotype distributions of rs4380143 and rs1800437 were not statistically different between the groups (P > 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the tested polymorphisms had no effect on biochemical variables. CONCLUSION We concluded that GIPR gene polymorphism is associated with T2DM. In addition; rs34125392 heterozygote genotype may increase the risk of T2DM. More studies with large sample size in other populations are recommended to show the ethnical relation of these polymorphisms to T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiedeh Erfanian
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.,Department of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Hamed Mir
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Amir Abdoli
- Department of Parasitology, School of medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Abazar Roustazadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran. .,Department of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran. .,Research Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran. .,Ostad motahhari Blvd, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, 74148-46199, Jahrom, Iran.
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Zubiaur P, Soria-Chacartegui P, Villapalos-García G, Gordillo-Perdomo JJ, Abad-Santos F. The pharmacogenetics of treatment with olanzapine. Pharmacogenomics 2021; 22:939-958. [PMID: 34528455 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2021-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphism in olanzapine-metabolizing enzymes, transporters and drug targets is associated with alterations in safety and efficacy. The aim of this systematic review is to describe all clinically relevant pharmacogenetic information on olanzapine and to propose clinically actionable variants. Two hundred and eighty-four studies were screened; 76 complied with the inclusion criteria and presented significant associations. DRD2 Taq1A (rs1800497) *A1, LEP -2548 (rs7799039) G and CYP1A2*1F alleles were related to olanzapine effectiveness and safety variability in several studies, with a high level of evidence. DRD2 -141 (rs1799732) Ins, A-241G (rs1799978) G, DRD3 Ser9Gly (rs6280) Gly, HTR2A rs7997012 A, ABCB1 C3435T (rs1045642) T and G2677T/A (rs2032582) T and UGT1A4*3 alleles were related to safety, effectiveness and/or pharmacokinetic variability with moderated level of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Zubiaur
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, 28006, Spain.,UICEC Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Plataforma SCReN (Spanish Clinical Research Network), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Paula Soria-Chacartegui
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Villapalos-García
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Juan J Gordillo-Perdomo
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Francisco Abad-Santos
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, 28006, Spain.,UICEC Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Plataforma SCReN (Spanish Clinical Research Network), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, 28006, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28006, Spain
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El K, Campbell JE. The role of GIP in α-cells and glucagon secretion. Peptides 2020; 125:170213. [PMID: 31785304 PMCID: PMC7580028 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an intestinally derived peptide that is secreted in response to feeding. The GIP receptor (GIPR) is expressed in many cell types involved in the regulation of metabolism, including α- and β-cells. Glucagon and insulin exert tremendous control over glucose metabolism. Thus, GIP action in islets strongly dictates metabolic control in the postprandial state. Loss of GIPR activity in β-cells is a characteristic of type 2 diabetes (T2D) which associates with reduced postprandial insulin secretion and hyperglycemia. Less is known about GIPR activity in α-cells or the control of glucagon secretion. GIP stimulates glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner in healthy people, with enhanced activity at lower glycemia. However, GIP stimulates glucagon secretion even at hyperglycemia in people with T2D, suggesting that inappropriate GIPR activity in α-cells contributes to the pathogenesis of T2D. Here, we review the literature describing GIP action and GIPR activity in the α-cell, detailing the basic science that has shaped the view of how GIP regulates glucagon secretion. We also contrast the effects of GIP on glucagon secretion in healthy and T2D people. Finally, we contextualize these observations in light of recent work that redefines the role of glucagon in glucose homeostasis, suggesting that hyperglucagonemia per se does not drive hyperglycemia. As new medications for T2D that incorporate GIPR activity are being developed, it is clear that a better understanding of GIPR activity beyond the β-cell is necessary. This work highlights the importance of focusing on the GIPR in α-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan E Campbell
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Second-Generation Antipsychotics and Dysregulation of Glucose Metabolism: Beyond Weight Gain. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111336. [PMID: 31671770 PMCID: PMC6912706 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are the cornerstone of treatment for schizophrenia because of their high clinical efficacy. However, SGA treatment is associated with severe metabolic alterations and body weight gain, which can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and greatly accelerate mortality. Several underlying mechanisms have been proposed for antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG), but some studies suggest that metabolic changes in insulin-sensitive tissues can be triggered before the onset of AIWG. In this review, we give an outlook on current research about the metabolic disturbances provoked by SGAs, with a particular focus on whole-body glucose homeostasis disturbances induced independently of AIWG, lipid dysregulation or adipose tissue disturbances. Specifically, we discuss the mechanistic insights gleamed from cellular and preclinical animal studies that have reported on the impact of SGAs on insulin signaling, endogenous glucose production, glucose uptake and insulin secretion in the liver, skeletal muscle and the endocrine pancreas. Finally, we discuss some of the genetic and epigenetic changes that might explain the different susceptibilities of SGA-treated patients to the metabolic side-effects of antipsychotics.
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Drug-induced hyperglycaemia and diabetes: pharmacogenomics perspectives. Arch Pharm Res 2018; 41:725-736. [PMID: 29858981 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-018-1039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced diabetes is widely reported in clinical conditions, and it is becoming a global issue because of its potential to increase the risk of severe cardiovascular complications. However, which drug mechanisms exert their diabetogenic effects and why the effects present significant inter-individual differences remain largely unknown. Pharmacogenomics, which is the study of how genomic variation influences drug responses, provides an explanation for individual differences in drug-induced diabetes. We highlight that pharmacogenomics can be involved in regulating the expression of genes in signaling pathways related to the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of drugs or the pathogenesis of diabetes, contributing to the differences in drug-induced glucose impairment. The pharmacogenomics studies of the major diabetogenic drugs are reviewed, including calcineurin inhibitors, antipsychotics, hormones, and antihypertensive drugs. We intend to elucidate the genetic basis of drug-induced diabetes and pave the way for the precise use of these drugs in the clinic.
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Guina J, Roy S, Gupta A, Langleben DD, Elman I. Oral glucose tolerance test performance in olanzapine-treated schizophrenia-spectrum patients is predicted by BMI and triglycerides but not olanzapine dose or duration. Hum Psychopharmacol 2017; 32. [PMID: 28573760 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic, is associated with glucoregulatory abnormalities, but the nature of this link is not fully elucidated. This is the first olanzapine oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) study to consider treatment dose and duration, and to compare complementary indices respectively assessing insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index) and resistance (homeostasis model assessment). METHODS Body mass index (BMI), body composition, plasma lipids, and oGTT were measured in olanzapine-treated nondiabetic patients with DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (n = 35). RESULTS While only one previously undiagnosed participant met diabetes criteria based on fasting plasma glucose alone (≥126 mg/dL), seven were diagnosed with oGTT (2-hr plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL). Multiple regression analyses revealed that the Matsuda index correlated with BMI (p < 0.0001) and plasma triglycerides (p = 0.01), but not with age, olanzapine dose, olanzapine treatment duration, or plasma cholesterol. Homeostasis model assessment and fasting plasma glucose correlated with triglycerides only (p < 0.0001 for both). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that BMI and triglycerides may be implicated in olanzapine-related glucoregulatory abnormalities. The lack of correlation between glucoregulatory abnormalities and olanzapine dose or treatment duration suggests preexisting metabolic disturbances and/or disturbances arising early in the course of treatment. Clinicians prescribing antipsychotics should consider oGTT, especially in patients with obesity and/or hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Guina
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA.,Wright-Patterson Medical Center, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Sayon Roy
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ankur Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA.,VA Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel D Langleben
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Igor Elman
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA.,VA Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio, USA
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder characterised by varying degrees of impairment in insulin secretion and resistance to the action of insulin. Considerable progress has been made recently in understanding the genetic determinants of diabetes. A logical next step is to describe how these variants relate to the underlying pathophysiological processes that lead to diabetes as this may provide insights into pathways to disease. These quantitative traits are, of course, of direct interest in themselves and a growing literature is now emerging on the genetic determinants of insulin secretion and insulin resistance. This review article focuses on describing the complex associations between type 2 diabetes risk variants and quantitative glycaemic traits and the relationship between variants initially discovered in association studies of these traits and risk of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Barker
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
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