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Influence of Selective Extraction/Isolation of Heme/Hemoglobin with Hydrophobic Imidazolium Ionic Liquids on the Precision and Accuracy of Cotinine ELISA Test. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213692. [PMID: 36430168 PMCID: PMC9691248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, ionic liquids were used for the selective extraction/isolation of hemoglobin from human serum for cotinine determination using the ELISA Kit. The suitability of hydrophobic imidazolium-based ionic liquids was tested, of which OMIM BF4 (1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) turned out to be the most suitable for direct extraction of hemoglobin into an ionic liquid without the use of any additional reagent at one extraction step. Hemoglobin was separated quantitatively (95% recovery) from the remaining types of proteins remaining in the aqueous phase. Quantum mechanical calculations showed that the interaction of the iron atom in the heme group and the nitrogen atom of the ionic liquid cation is responsible for the transfer of hemoglobin whereas molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that the non-covalent interactions between heme and solvent are more favorable in the case of OMIM BF4 in comparison to water. The opposite trend was found for cotinine. Selective isolation of the heme/hemoglobin improved the ELISA test's accuracy, depending on the cotinine level, from 15% to 30%.
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Yao Y, He GY, Wu XJ, Wang CP, Luo XB, Zhao Y, Long Y. Association between environmental exposure to perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate and serum α-Klotho levels among adults from the National Health and nutrition examination survey (2007–2014). BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:740. [PMID: 36096772 PMCID: PMC9465863 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Aging is a pathophysiological process driven by a diverse set of complex biological processes, and environmental pollution plays an important role in this process. This study aimed to explore the association between serum α-Klotho levels and urinary perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate levels. Methods This secondary dataset analysis included 4875 participants (mean age, 57.69 year; male, 49.58%; non-Hispanic White, 47.67%) from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2014). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify α-Klotho levels, and ion chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify thiocyanate, nitrate, and perchlorate levels. Multivariate linear regression models were applied to estimate the association between perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate levels and serum α-Klotho levels. Results Urinary thiocyanate levels were negatively associated with α-Klotho levels (β = − 0.006; 95% confidence interval, − 0.010 to − 0.003; P = 0.0004) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, race, alcohol consumption, estimated glomerular filtration rate, underlying disease, physical activity, smoking status, usual energy intake, and urinary creatinine and serum cotinine levels and mutual adjustment of urinary perchlorate, urinary nitrate, and urinary thiocyanate levels. The α-Klotho level in participants in the highest quartile was higher by 50.567 ng/mL (β = 50.567; 95% confidence interval, 14.407 to 86.726; P = 0.009) than that in participants in the lowest quartile of urinary perchlorate. A linear relationship was observed between urinary thiocyanate and α-Klotho levels. Conclusions Urinary thiocyanate levels were negatively associated with serum α-Klotho levels. Urinary thiocyanate should be further investigated as a potential mediator of aging and age-related diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-022-03444-2.
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Unlocking the potential of forensic traces: Analytical approaches to generate investigative leads. Sci Justice 2022; 62:310-326. [PMID: 35598924 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Forensic investigation involves gathering the information necessary to understand the criminal events as well as linking objects or individuals to an item, location or other individual(s) for investigative purposes. For years techniques such as presumptive chemical tests, DNA profiling or fingermark analysis have been of great value to this process. However, these techniques have their limitations, whether it is a lack of confidence in the results obtained due to cross-reactivity, subjectivity and low sensitivity; or because they are dependent on holding reference samples in a pre-existing database. There is currently a need to devise new ways to gather as much information as possible from a single trace, particularly from biological traces commonly encountered in forensic casework. This review outlines the most recent advancements in the forensic analysis of biological fluids, fingermarks and hair. Special emphasis is placed on analytical methods that can expand the information obtained from the trace beyond what is achieved in the usual practices. Special attention is paid to those methods that accurately determine the nature of the sample, as well as how long it has been at the crime scene, along with individualising information regarding the donor source of the trace.
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Marques H, Rosado T, Barroso M, Passarinha L, Gallardo E. Optimization and validation of a procedure using the dried saliva spots approach for the determination of tobacco markers in oral fluid. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 212:114648. [PMID: 35151069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to tobacco smoke is one of the most common causes of premature death worldwide and is the cause of 8 million deaths annually. We have developed, optimized, and validated a procedure for the detection of nicotine, cotinine and trans-3-hydroxycotinine (biomarkers of tobacco exposure) in oral fluid using the dried saliva spots sampling approach and gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, thus allowing the distinction between active and passive smokers. For optimization, four parameters were evaluated, namely extraction solvent, extraction solvent volume, extraction time and spots drying time. During method validation, the parameters selectivity, linearity, precision and accuracy, recovery, stability, and dilution factor were assessed. Linearity was obtained for all target analytes in the concentration range of 10-200 ng/mL allowing the quantification of compounds up to 1000 ng/mL considering the dilution factor. The method recoveries ranged from 29.2% to 43.30% for nicotine, 66.60-89.10% for cotinine and 80.30-92.80% for trans-3-hydroxycotinine, while achieving intra-day, inter-day and intermediate precision and accuracy values never higher than 10.37% and ±6.62% respectively for all compounds. The herein described analytical method is the first to allow the determination of tobacco biomarkers in oral fluid using dried saliva spots, which is considered a sensitive, simple and low-cost alternative to conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernâni Marques
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal; Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tiago Rosado
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal; Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mário Barroso
- Serviço de Química e Toxicologia Forenses, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses, Delegação do Sul, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luis Passarinha
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal; Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Gallardo
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal; Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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Jin S, Pang W, Zhao L, Zhao Z, Mei S. Review of HPLC-MS methods for the analysis of nicotine and its active metabolite cotinine in various biological matrices. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5351. [PMID: 35106788 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, tobacco smoking is a risk factor for a series of diseases including cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and cancers. Nicotine, the primary component of tobacco smoke, is mainly transformed to its active metabolite cotinine, which is often used as biomarker for tobacco exposure for its higher blood concentration and longer residence time than nicotine. Various analytical methods have been developed for the determination of nicotine and cotinine in biological matrices. This article reviewed the HPLC-MS based methods for nicotine and/or cotinine analysis in various biological matrices. The sample preparation, mass and chromatographic conditions and method validation results of these methods have been summarized and analyzed. Sample was mainly pretreated by protein precipitation and/or extraction. Separation was achieved using methanol and/or acetonitrile:water (with or without ammonium acetate) on C18 columns, and acetonitrile:water (with formic acid, ammonium acetate/formate) on HILIC columns. Nicotine-d3, nicotine-d4 and cotinine-d3 were commonly used internal standards. Other non-deuterated IS were also used such as ritonavir, N-ethylnorcotinine, and milrinone. For both nicotine and cotinine, the calibration range was 0.005-35000 ng/mL, the matrix effect was 75.96% - 126.8% and the recovery was 53% - 124.5%. The two analytes were stable at room temperature for 1-10 days, at -80 °C for up to 6 months, and after 3-6 freeze-thaw cycles. Comedications did not affect nicotine and cotinine analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Jin
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wenyuan Pang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Libo Zhao
- Clinical Research Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shenghui Mei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Ishii H, Leung GNW, Yamashita S, Nagata SI, Kushiro A, Sakai S, Toju K, Okada J, Kawasaki K, Kusano K, Kijima-Suda I. Comprehensive metabolic study of nicotine in equine plasma and urine using liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry for the identification of unique biomarkers for doping control. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1190:123100. [PMID: 35032890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine is classified as a stimulant, and its use is banned in horse racing and equestrian sports by the International Federation of Horseracing Authorities and the Fédération Équestre Internationale, respectively. Because nicotine is a major alkaloid of tobacco leaves, there is a potential risk that doping control samples may be contaminated by tobacco cigarettes or smoke during sample collection. In order to differentiate the genuine doping and sample contamination with tobacco leaves, it is necessary to monitor unique metabolites as biomarkers for nicotine administration and intake. However, little is known about the metabolic fate of nicotine in horses. This is the first report of comprehensive metabolism study of nicotine in horses. Using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry, we identified a total of 17 metabolites, including one novel horse-specific metabolite (i.e., 4-hydroxy-4-(3-pyridyl)-N-methylbutanamide), in post-administration urine samples after nasoesophageal administration of nicotine to three thoroughbred mares; eight of these compounds were confirmed based on reference standards. Among these metabolites, N-hydroxymethylnorcotinine was the major urinary metabolite in equine, but it could only be tentatively identified by mass spectral interpretation due to the lack of reference material. In addition, we developed simultaneous quantification methods for the eight target analytes in plasma and urine, and applied them to post-administration samples to establish elimination profiles of nicotine and its metabolites. The quantification results revealed that trans-3'-hydroxycotinine could be quantified for the longest period in both plasma (72 h post-administration) and urine (96 h post-administration). Therefore, this metabolite is the most appropriate monitoring target for nicotine exposure for the purpose of doping control due to its long detection times and the availability of its reference material. Further, we identified trans-3'-hydroxycotinine as a unique biomarker allowing differentiation between nicotine administration and sample contamination with tobacco leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Ishii
- Drug Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, 1731-2 Tsuruta-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-0851, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Gary Ngai-Wa Leung
- Drug Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, 1731-2 Tsuruta-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-0851, Japan
| | - Shozo Yamashita
- Drug Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, 1731-2 Tsuruta-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-0851, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Nagata
- Genetic Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, 1731-2 Tsuruta-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-0851, Japan
| | - Asuka Kushiro
- Equine Research Institute, Research Planning & Coordination Division, JRA, 1400-4, Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sakai
- Race Horse Hospital, Miho Training Center, JRA, 2500-2, Oaza-Mikoma, Miho-mura, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0493, Japan
| | - Kota Toju
- Race Horse Hospital, Miho Training Center, JRA, 2500-2, Oaza-Mikoma, Miho-mura, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0493, Japan
| | - Jun Okada
- Veterinarian Section, Equine Department, JRA, 6-11-1 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
| | - Kazumi Kawasaki
- Veterinarian Section, Equine Department, JRA, 6-11-1 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
| | - Kanichi Kusano
- Race Horse Hospital, Ritto Training Center, JRA, 1028, Misono, Ritto, Shiga 520-3085, Japan
| | - Isao Kijima-Suda
- Drug Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, 1731-2 Tsuruta-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-0851, Japan
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Marques H, Cruz-Vicente P, Rosado T, Barroso M, Passarinha LA, Gallardo E. Recent Developments in the Determination of Biomarkers of Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Biological Specimens: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1768. [PMID: 33670326 PMCID: PMC7918937 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Environmental tobacco smoke exposure (ETS) and smoking have been described as the most prevalent factors in the development of certain diseases worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, more than 8 million people die every year due to exposure to tobacco, around 7 million due to direct ETS and the remaining due to exposure to second-hand smoke. Both active and second-hand exposure can be measured and controlled using specific biomarkers of tobacco and its derivatives, allowing the development of more efficient public health policies. Exposure to these compounds can be measured using different methods (involving for instance liquid- or gas-chromatographic procedures) in a wide range of biological specimens to estimate the type and degree of tobacco exposure. In recent years, a lot of research has been carried out using different extraction methods and different analytical equipment; this way, liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction or even miniaturized procedures have been used, followed by chromatographic analysis coupled mainly to mass spectrometric detection. Through this type of methodologies, second-hand smokers can be distinguished from active smokers, and this is also valid for e-cigarettes and vapers, among others, using their specific biomarkers. This review will focus on recent developments in the determination of tobacco smoke biomarkers, including nicotine and other tobacco alkaloids, specific nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, etc. The methods for their detection will be discussed in detail, as well as the potential use of threshold values to distinguish between types of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernâni Marques
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (H.M.); (P.C.-V.); (T.R.); (L.A.P.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Pedro Cruz-Vicente
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (H.M.); (P.C.-V.); (T.R.); (L.A.P.)
- UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Tiago Rosado
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (H.M.); (P.C.-V.); (T.R.); (L.A.P.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
- C4—Centro de Competências em Cloud Computing da Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mário Barroso
- Serviço de Química e Toxicologia Forenses, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses, Delegação do Sul, 1150-219 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Luís A. Passarinha
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (H.M.); (P.C.-V.); (T.R.); (L.A.P.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
- UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Gallardo
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (H.M.); (P.C.-V.); (T.R.); (L.A.P.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
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Cui X, Wei T, Hao M, Qi Q, Wang H, Dai Z. Highly sensitive and selective colorimetric sensor for thiocyanate based on electrochemical oxidation-assisted complexation reaction with Gold nanostars etching. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 391:122217. [PMID: 32062538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we developed an electrochemical oxidation-assisted complexation strategy for highly sensitive and selective detection of thiocyanate (SCN-). Gold nanostars (AuNSs) with uniform and sharp tips were first prepared, and we found they can be quickly etched to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) under electrochemical oxidation with the existence of halide and halogen-like ions. Through introducing SCN--selective molecule: zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc), the fabricated ZnPc-AuNSs/ITO electrode can rapidly and selectively response to SCN- under electrochemical oxidation, manifesting as a noticeable change in color from navy blue to red. Thus SCN- concentration can be easily reflected. The wide wavelength tuning range of AuNSs to AuNPs make the ZnPc-AuNSs/ITO sensor obtain a much wider detection range for SCN- (10 nM to 80 mM) than most other reported studies. In addition, the detection limit is as low as 3 nM. It renders the sensor to be easily used in much diluted matrixes, which can further lower the interference. We further applied the colorimetric sensor to SCN- detection in wastewater and milk, excellent performance was obtained. The proposed electrochemical oxidation-assisted complexation strategy will have good promise in developing colorimetric sensors with high selectivity and wide detection range, and will display more useful application in environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Cui
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxiang Wei
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyuan Hao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Qi
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Huafeng Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Dai
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China; Nanjing Normal University Center for Analysis and Testing, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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Sharma P, Sane N, Anand SD, Marimutthu P, Benegal V. Assessment of cotinine in urine and saliva of smokers, passive smokers, and nonsmokers: Method validation using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Indian J Psychiatry 2019; 61:270-276. [PMID: 31142905 PMCID: PMC6532461 DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_61_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-report does not provide complete information about tobacco smoke exposure among users and is not relevant for secondhand exposure detection. Biochemical screening for primary metabolite of nicotine would be useful to validate the smoking status and exposure to secondhand smoke. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This study was designed to evaluate the performance of a sensitive and rapid method to verify smoking status among smokers, passive smokers, and nonsmokers by quantification of cotinine in saliva and urine using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cotinine (urine and saliva) levels were measured in 98 participants out of which active users (smoked tobacco users; n = 56) and persons exposed to tobacco smoke (passive smokers; n = 15). Values obtained were compared with nonusers (nonsmokers; n = 27). A simple, rapid, and sensitive method was developed and validated for this purpose. With minimal sample preparation, the current analytical procedure showed a wide detection range (1.1-1000 ng/mL) which made it suitable for analyzing various biological matrices. RESULTS The mean cotinine levels of urine for smokers, passive smokers, and nonsmokers were 1043.7, 36.63, and 13.6 ng/ml, respectively, while in saliva, it was 327.39, 18.31, and 9.53 ng/ml, respectively. CONCLUSION Analysis of variance showed that cotinine levels (urine and saliva) of smokers were significantly higher levels than passive smokers and nonsmokers (P < 0.01). Similarly, passive smokers also had significantly higher cotinine levels (urine and saliva) than nonsmokers (P < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyamvada Sharma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Niharika Sane
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shravanthi D Anand
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - P Marimutthu
- Department of Biostatics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vivek Benegal
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Wu F, Yang S, Wang L, Wei W, Ding CF. Simultaneous enrichment and analysis of tobacco alkaloids by microextraction coupled with mass spectrometry using a poly (N-isopropyl-acrylamide-co-divinyl-benzene-co-N, N'-methylene diacrylamide) monolithic column. Talanta 2019; 198:118-127. [PMID: 30876539 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we realized the simultaneous online detection of six tobacco alkaloids (TAs) by in-tube solid-phase microextraction (In-tube SPME) coupled with mass spectrometry by a rapid, sensitive, and matrix effect-free method requiring no chromatographic separation and only minimal sample pre-treatment. A poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-divinylbenzene-co-N, N'-methylenediacrylamide) [Poly (NIPAAm-co-DVB-co-MBAA)] monolithic column was designed according to the chemical structures of selected TAs and used as an extraction medium engaging in hydrophobic, π-π, and hydrogen bonding interactions with analytes, allowing them to be effectively extracted. A number of important parameters were systematically optimized to achieve maximal extraction efficiency. The ion intensity of the TAs signals obtained by in-tube SPME-MS were higher than the direct MS mode by about 400 folds with the signal-to-noise ratio improved by 2-7 folds. The detection limits of the six TAs were determined as 1.99-4.06 ng g-1, with good linearity with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.99 obtained under optimal extraction conditions. Besides, TA recoveries in cigarette tobacco spiked at three concentration levels were in the range of 76.4-100.2%, and the corresponding RSDs (n = 5) were obtained as 4.32-7.16%. The extraction performance of the poly (NIPAAm-co-DVB-co-MBAA) monolithic column was well reproducible, with intra- or inter-day precision RSDs determined not to exceed 7.38%. Finally, no marked matrix effects were observed when the developed method was applied to the analysis of both high-abundance and trace-level TAs in practical samples, and the above technique was therefore concluded to be well suited for the detection of TAs in cigarette tobacco or other products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangling Wu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shutong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wanghui Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chuan-Fan Ding
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Lin M, Tang J, Ma S, Yu Y, Li G, Mai B, Fan R, An T. Simultaneous determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their hydroxylated metabolites in human hair: a potential methodology to distinguish external from internal exposure. Analyst 2019; 144:7227-7235. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01359h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel method is developed to simultaneously analyse multiple chemicals in human hair and to distinguish the internal from external exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqing Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control
- Guangdong University of Technology
| | - Jian Tang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control
- Guangdong University of Technology
| | - Shengtao Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control
- Guangdong University of Technology
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control
- Guangdong University of Technology
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control
- Guangdong University of Technology
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Ruifang Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization
- School of Life Sciences
- South China Normal University
- China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control
- Guangdong University of Technology
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12
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Zhao H, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Zhao G, Pu L. Study of the Zn
II
Complexes of 1,1′‐Binaphthyl‐Based Schiff Bases: Fluorescent Detection of Thiocyanate. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haihang Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University 610065 Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Yuan Cao
- College of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University 610065 Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Yanjing Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University 610065 Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University 610065 Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University 610065 Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Lin Pu
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 22904 Charlottesville Virginia USA
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13
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Pagliano E, Campanella B, D'Ulivo A, Mester Z. Derivatization chemistries for the determination of inorganic anions and structurally related compounds by gas chromatography - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1025:12-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Gavrilenko NA, Saranchina NV, Sukhanov AV, Fedan DA, Gavrilenko MA. Kinetic Determination of Thiocyanate by the Reaction of Bromate with Crystal Violet Immobilized in a Polymethacrylate Matrix. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934818090034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Ramdzan AN, Almeida MIG, McCullough MJ, Segundo MA, Kolev SD. Determination of salivary cotinine as tobacco smoking biomarker. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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16
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Comparison of the Conventional and Electroenhanced Direct-Immersion Solid-Phase Microextraction for Sampling of Nicotine in Biological Fluids of the Human Body. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051171. [PMID: 29757971 PMCID: PMC6099498 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A stainless steel fiber was made porous and adhesive by platinization and then coated by nanostructured polypyrrole (PPy), using an appropriate electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. The morphological surface structure and functional groups of the PPy-coated fiber were studied using SEM (Scanning electron microscope) instrument. The prepared fiber was used for comparison of direct immersion (DI) and electroenhanced direct immersion solid-phase microextraction (EE-DI-SPME) of nicotine in human plasma and urine samples followed by gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC-FID) determination. The effects of the influential experimental parameters on the efficiency of the DI-SPME and EE-DI-SPME methods, including the pH and ionic strength of the sample solution, applied Direct current (DC) voltage, extraction temperature and time and stirring rate, were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the calibration curves for the DI-SPME-GC-FID and EE-DI-SPME-GC-FID methods were linear over the ranges of 0.1⁻10.0 μg mL-1 and 0.001⁻10.0 μg mL-1, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs, n = 6) were found to be 6.1% and 4.6% for the DI and EE strategies, respectively. The LODs (limit of detection) of the DI-SPME-GC-FID and EE-DI-SPME-GC-FID methods were found to be 10 and 0.3 ng mL-1, respectively. The relative recovery values (for the analysis of 1 µg mL-1 nicotine) were found to be 91⁻110% for EE-DI-SPME and 75⁻105% for DI-SPME. The enrichment factors for DI-SPME and EE-DI-SPME sampling were obtained as 38,734 and 50,597, respectively. The results indicated that EE-SPME was more efficient for quantitation of nicotine in biological fluids. The developed procedure was successfully carried out for the extraction and measurement of nicotine in real plasma and urine samples.
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17
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Yuan Y, Wang Y, Yang M, Xu Y, Chen W, Zou X, Zheng B. Application of response surface methodology to vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid extraction for the determination of nicotine and cotinine in urine by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:2261-2268. [PMID: 29484806 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yuan
- Department of Sanitary Technology; West China School of Public Health; University of Sichuan; Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Sanitary Technology; West China School of Public Health; University of Sichuan; Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Mingqi Yang
- Department of Sanitary Technology; West China School of Public Health; University of Sichuan; Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Yicong Xu
- Department of Sanitary Technology; West China School of Public Health; University of Sichuan; Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Weina Chen
- Department of Sanitary Technology; West China School of Public Health; University of Sichuan; Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zou
- Department of Sanitary Technology; West China School of Public Health; University of Sichuan; Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Sanitary Technology; West China School of Public Health; University of Sichuan; Chengdu P. R. China
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18
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A high area, porous and resistant platinized stainless steel fiber coated by nanostructured polypyrrole for direct HS-SPME of nicotine in biological samples prior to GC-FID quantification. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1061-1062:5-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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19
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Abdel-Haleem FM, Rizk MS. Highly selective thiocyanate optochemical sensor based on manganese(III)-salophen ionophore. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 75:682-687. [PMID: 28415515 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We report on the development of optochemical sensor based on Mn(III)-salophen ionophore. The sensor was prepared by embedding the ionophore in a plasticized poly (vinyl chloride) impregnated with the chromoionophore ETH7075. Optical response to thiocyanate occurred due to thiocyanate extraction into the polymer via formation of strong complex with the ionophore and simultaneous protonation of the indicator dye yielding the optical response at 545nm. The developed optochemical sensor exhibited high selectivity for thiocyanate over other anions including the most lipophilic species such as salicylate and perchlorate. For instance, the optical selectivity coefficients, logKSCN,anionopt, were as follow: ClO4-=-5.8; Sal-=-4.0; NO3-˂-6. Further, the thiocyanate optical selectivity obtained using the present optochemical sensor was greatly enhanced in comparison with that obtained using an anion-exchanger based sensor. Also, the optimized optochemical sensor exhibited micro-molar detection limit with 2min response time at pH4.5 using acetate buffer. The reversibility of the optimized sensor was poor due to strong ligation of the thiocyanate to the central Metal ion, log K=14.1, which can be overcome by soaking the optode in sodium hydroxide followed by soaking in buffer solution. The developed sensor was utilized successfully for the determination of thiocyanate in human saliva and in spiked saliva samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahmoud S Rizk
- Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Cairo university, Giza, Egypt
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20
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Higher hair nicotine level in children compared to mother living with smoking father in Malaysia. Environ Health Prev Med 2016; 21:572-578. [PMID: 27770244 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-016-0584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study are to determine parental and children's hair nicotine levels, their relationships as well as to investigate the association of smoking status of the fathers with mothers' and children's hair nicotine. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 124 families who were participants of the Universiti Sains Malaysia Pregnancy Cohort Study. Both parents with their 2 years old children joined this study. A total of 92 hair samples of fathers, 124 hair samples of mothers and 111 hair samples of children were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Of total, 52.4 % of the fathers reported smoking. None of the mothers were smokers. Hair nicotine levels of fathers were found to be significantly correlated with mothers (r = 0.233, p = 0.026) and children (r = 0.508, p < 0.001). Children living with smoking fathers had significantly higher median hair nicotine level compared to the children of non-smoking fathers (6.08 vs 0.22 ng/mg, p = 0.046). However, this association was not seen in the mothers. Quantile regression showed significant association between fathers' and children's hair nicotine. CONCLUSION There is a positive relationship between fathers' hair nicotine with mother's and children's hair nicotine. Living with smoking fathers can contribute to higher hair nicotine levels in children but not in mothers.
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21
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Carrizo D, Nerín I, Domeño C, Alfaro P, Nerín C. Direct screening of tobacco indicators in urine and saliva by Atmospheric Pressure Solid Analysis Probe coupled to quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (ASAP-MS-Q-TOF-). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 124:149-156. [PMID: 26950902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new screening method has been explored for direct analysis of tobacco smoke biomarkers in biological matrices (i.e., saliva and urine). Single run analysis using Atmospheric pressure Solid Analysis Probe (ASAP) and high resolution mass spectrometry with quadrupole and time of flight detector has been applied directly to some biological samples (i.e., urine and saliva), providing a fast, efficient and sensitive method of identification. The method has been applied to saliva and urine samples from heavy tobacco smokers for exposure studies. Nicotine itself, nicotine metabolites (i.e., cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, nicotine-N-glucuronide) and other related tobacco smoke toxic compounds (i.e., NNK 4-[methyl(nitroso)amino]-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1-butanone, anatabine) were found in the analyzed samples. The identification of compounds was confirmed by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with MS-triple quadrupole detector after sample treatment. Different temporal trends and biomarkers behavior have been found in time series related samples. Both methods are compared for screening of these biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Carrizo
- Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), EINA, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Zaragoza, María de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isabel Nerín
- Smoking Cessation Unit, Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Celia Domeño
- Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), EINA, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Zaragoza, María de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Alfaro
- Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), EINA, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Zaragoza, María de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Nerín
- Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), EINA, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Zaragoza, María de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
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22
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Pena-Pereira F, Lavilla I, Bendicho C. Paper-based analytical device for instrumental-free detection of thiocyanate in saliva as a biomarker of tobacco smoke exposure. Talanta 2016; 147:390-6. [PMID: 26592623 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This work describes a fast and simple assay for in situ detection of thiocyanate, i.e., a biomarker of tobacco smoke exposure, in human saliva. The assay is based on the formation of an iron(III)-thiocyanate colored complex in a paper-based sensing platform and subsequent image analysis using a scanner as detection device. Experimental parameters influencing the color intensity of the complex were fully evaluated, including the selection of detection conditions, type of paper substrate, test zone dimensions and composition as well as the stability of the paper-based device. Under optimal conditions, the detection limit was 0.06mM of thiocyanate, and the repeatability, expressed as relative standard deviation, was 3%. The proposed method, characterized by its simplicity, portability and low sample consumption, was applied to the detection of thiocyanate in a series of human saliva samples. Average thiocyanate levels in the ranges 0.28-0.87mM and 0.78-4.28mM were found for non-smokers and smokers, respectively. Recovery studies were carried out at two concentration levels, showing recovery values in the range of 96.1-103.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Pena-Pereira
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Isela Lavilla
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Carlos Bendicho
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
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23
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Ramdzan AN, Barreiros L, Almeida MIG, Kolev SD, Segundo MA. Determination of salivary cotinine through solid phase extraction using a bead-injection lab-on-valve approach hyphenated to hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1429:284-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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24
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Zhang ZY, Liu J, Wang HY. Microchip-Based Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for the Determination of Sodium Thiocyanate in Milk. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1004577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Radziuk D, Moehwald H. Prospects for plasmonic hot spots in single molecule SERS towards the chemical imaging of live cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:21072-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04946b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Single molecule surface enhanced Raman scattering (SM-SERS) is a highly local effect occurring at sharp edges, interparticle junctions and crevices or other geometries with a sharp nanoroughness of plasmonic nanostructures (“hot spots”) for an analyte detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Radziuk
- Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- Department of Interfaces
- Germany
| | - Helmuth Moehwald
- Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- Department of Interfaces
- Germany
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26
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Rainey CL, Bors DE, Goodpaster JV. Design and Optimization of a Total Vaporization Technique Coupled to Solid-Phase Microextraction. Anal Chem 2014; 86:11319-25. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5030528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina L. Rainey
- Department of
Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Forensic and Investigative Sciences Program, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), 402 North Blackford Street LD326, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Dana E. Bors
- Department of
Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Forensic and Investigative Sciences Program, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), 402 North Blackford Street LD326, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - John V. Goodpaster
- Department of
Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Forensic and Investigative Sciences Program, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), 402 North Blackford Street LD326, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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Song J, Wu FY, Wan YQ, Ma LH. Ultrasensitive turn-on fluorescent detection of trace thiocyanate based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Talanta 2014; 132:619-24. [PMID: 25476353 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Thiocyanate (SCN(-)) is a small anion byproduct of cyanide metabolism. Several methods have been reported to measure SCN(-) above the micromolar level. However, SCN(-) is derived from many sources such as cigarettes, waste water, food and even car exhaust and its effect is cumulative, which makes it necessary to develop methods for the detection of trace SCN(-). In this paper, a simple and ultrasensitive turn-on fluorescence assay of trace SCN(-) is established based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and fluorescein. The detection limit is 0.09 nM, to the best of our knowledge, which has been the lowest detection LOD ever without the aid of costly instrumentation. The fluorescence of fluorescein is significantly quenched when it is attached to the surface of AuNPs. Upon the addition of SCN(-), the fluorescence is turned on due to the competition action between SCN(-) and fluorescein towards the surface of AuNPs. Under an optimum pH, AuNPs size and concentration, incubation time, the fluorescence enhancement efficiency [(IF-I0)/I0] displays a linear relationship with the concentration of SCN(-) in the range of 1.0 nM to 40.0 nM. The fluorescein-AuNP sensor shows absolutely high selectivity toward SCN(-) than other 16 anions. The common metal ions, amino acids and sugars have no obvious interference effects. The accuracy and precision were evaluated based on the recovery experiments. The cost effective sensing system is successfully applied for the determination of SCN(-) in milk products and saliva samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Song
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Fang-Ying Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Yi-Qun Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Li-Hua Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
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Impact of additional counselling sessions through phone calls on smoking cessation outcomes among smokers in Penang State, Malaysia. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:460. [PMID: 24886549 PMCID: PMC4030527 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies all over the world reported that smoking relapses occur during the first two weeks after a quit date. The current study aimed to assess the impact of the additional phone calls counselling during the first month on the abstinence rate at 3 and 6 months after quit date among smokers in Penang, Malaysia. Methods The study was conducted at Quit Smoking Clinic of two major hospitals in Penang, Malaysia. All the eligible smokers who attended the clinics between February 1st and October 31st 2012 were invited. Participants were randomly assigned by using urn design method either to receive the usual care that followed in the clinics (control) or the usual care procedure plus extra counselling sessions through phone calls during the first month of quit attempt (intervention). Results Participants in our cohort smoked about 14 cigarettes per day on average (mean = 13.78 ± 7.0). At 3 months, control group was less likely to quit smoking compared to intervention group (36.9% vs. 46.7%, verified smoking status) but this did not reach statistical significance (OR = 0.669; 95% CI = 0.395-1.133, P = 0.86). However, at 6 months, 71.7% of the intervention group were successfully quit smoking (bio-chemically verified) compared to 48.6% of the control group (P < 0.001). The control group were significantly less likely to quit smoking (OR = 0.375; 95% CI = 0.217-0.645, P < 0.001). Conclusions Smoking cessation intervention consisting of phone calls counselling delivered during the first month of quit attempt revealed significantly higher abstinence rates compared with a standard care approach. Therefore, the additional counselling in the first few weeks after stop smoking is a promising treatment strategy that should be evaluated further. Trial registration TCTR20140504001
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Bratan A, Mincea MM, Lupşa IR, Pirtea MG, Ostafe V. Assessment of nicotine for second hand smoke exposure in some public places in Romania by UPLC-MS. Chem Cent J 2014; 8:29. [PMID: 24839459 PMCID: PMC4024117 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-8-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air nicotine monitoring is a well-known procedure for estimation of exposure to second hand smoke. Few research studies were realized in Romania to evaluate environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure of humans in different public places. The levels of airborne nicotine from environmental tobacco smoke and urinary cotinine and nicotine levels of some subjects were analyzed. In order to better implement/enforce the European legislation regarding the interdiction of smoking in the public places the national authorities need a rapid and reliable analytical method to quickly asses the state of the pollution with cigarette smoke of these populated areas. RESULTS The nicotine concentration in the air from different types of public buildings was determined. The median concentration of nicotine in the air from 32 pubs where the smoking was allowed was 590 ng · L(-1), comparing with the pubs where the smoking was not permitted (22 locations) where the median concentration of nicotine was only 32 ng · L(-1). Similarly, the median concentration of nicotine in restaurants where the smoking was allowed (23 locations) was 510 ng · L(-1), in comparison with the restaurants where the smoking was prohibited (11 places) where the median value was 19 ng · L(-1). The lowest concentrations of nicotine were found in high schools (8 locations, median concentration 7.4 ng · L(-1)), universities (5 locations, 23 ng · L(-1)) and hospitals (6 locations, 16 ng · L(-1)). CONCLUSIONS The method was validated and gave good linearity, precision, accuracy and limit of detection. The buildings included hospitals, high schools, universities, pubs and restaurants. The presence of air nicotine was recorded in all buildings studied. The highest median levels of air nicotine were found in pubs and restaurants. The presence of air nicotine in indoor public buildings indicates weak implementation of the smoke free law in Romania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Bratan
- West University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Faculty of Chemistry – Biology –Geography, Advanced Research Environmental Laboratories, Oituz str. 4, Timisoara 300086, Romania
- National Institute of Public Health, Regional Center of Public Health, Timisoara, Victor Babes str. 16, Timisoara 300226, Romania
| | - Manuela Maria Mincea
- West University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Faculty of Chemistry – Biology –Geography, Advanced Research Environmental Laboratories, Oituz str. 4, Timisoara 300086, Romania
| | - Ioana-Rodica Lupşa
- National Institute of Public Health, Regional Center of Public Health, Timisoara, Victor Babes str. 16, Timisoara 300226, Romania
| | - Marilen-Gabriel Pirtea
- West University of Timisoara, Multidisciplinary Research Platform “Nicholas Georges - Roegen”, Oituz str. 4, Timisoara 300086, Romania
| | - Vasile Ostafe
- West University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Faculty of Chemistry – Biology –Geography, Advanced Research Environmental Laboratories, Oituz str. 4, Timisoara 300086, Romania
- West University of Timisoara, Multidisciplinary Research Platform “Nicholas Georges - Roegen”, Oituz str. 4, Timisoara 300086, Romania
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Stragierowicz J, Mikołajewska K, Zawadzka-Stolarz M, Polańska K, Ligocka D. Estimation of cutoff values of cotinine in urine and saliva for pregnant women in Poland. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:386784. [PMID: 24228246 PMCID: PMC3818804 DOI: 10.1155/2013/386784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Setting appropriate cutoff values and the use of a highly sensitive analytical method allow for correct classification of the smoking status. Urine-saliva pairs samples of pregnant women in the second and third trimester, and saliva only in the first trimester were collected. Offline SPE and LC-ESI-MS/MS method was developed in the broad concentration range (saliva 0.4-1000 ng/mL, urine 0.8-4000 ng/mL). The mean recoveries were 3.7 ± 7.6% for urine and 99.1 ± 2.6% for saliva. LOD for saliva was 0.12 ng/mL and for urine 0.05 ng/mL; LOQ was 0.4 ng/mL and 0.8 ng/mL, respectively. Intraday and interday precision equaled, respectively, 1.2% and 3.4% for urine, and 2.3% and 6.4% for saliva. There was a strong correlation between salivary cotinine and the uncorrected cotinine concentration in urine in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. The cutoff values were established for saliva 12.9 ng/mL and urine 42.3 ng/mL or 53.1 μg/g creatinine with the ROC curve analysis. The developed analytical method was successfully applied to quantify cotinine, and a significant correlation between the urinary and salivary cotinine levels was found. The presented cut-off values for salivary and urinary cotinine ensure a categorization of the smoking status among pregnant women that is more accurate than self-reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Stragierowicz
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Street, 91-348 Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Mikołajewska
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Street, 91-348 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Kinga Polańska
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Street, 91-348 Lodz, Poland
| | - Danuta Ligocka
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy Street, 91-348 Lodz, Poland
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Development of ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction for determination of thiocynate ion in human urine and saliva samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 917-918:5-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Standard addition method applied to the urinary quantification of nicotine in the presence of cotinine and anabasine using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and multivariate curve resolution. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 760:53-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Vinnakota CV, Peetha NS, Perrizo MG, Ferris DG, Oda RP, Rockwood GA, Logue BA. Comparison of cyanide exposure markers in the biofluids of smokers and non-smokers. Biomarkers 2012; 17:625-33. [PMID: 22889346 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2012.709880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyanide is highly toxic and is present in many foods, combustion products (e.g. cigarette smoke), industrial processes, and has been used as a terrorist weapon. In this study, cyanide and its major metabolites, thiocyanate and 2-amino-2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA), were analyzed from various human biofluids of smokers (low-level chronic cyanide exposure group) and non-smokers to gain insight into the relationship of these biomarkers to cyanide exposure. The concentrations of each biomarker tested were elevated for smokers in each biofluid. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found for thiocyanate in plasma and urine, and ATCA showed significant differences in plasma and saliva. Additionally, biomarker concentration ratios, correlations between markers of cyanide exposure, and other statistical methods were performed to better understand the relationship between cyanide and its metabolites. Of the markers studied, the results indicate plasma ATCA, in particular, showed excellent promise as a biomarker for chronic low-level cyanide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakravarthy V Vinnakota
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
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da Fonseca B, Moreno I, Magalhães A, Barroso M, Queiroz J, Ravara S, Calheiros J, Gallardo E. Determination of biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure in oral fluid using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 889-890:116-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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35
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Nuchtavorn N, Suntornsuk L. Simultaneous Analysis of Biologically Active Pyridines in Pharmaceutical Formulations by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 50:151-6. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmr037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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36
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Determination of nicotine exposure in dogs subjected to passive smoking using methanol extraction of hair followed by hydrophilic interaction chromatography in combination with Fourier transform mass spectrometry. Talanta 2012; 88:408-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 10/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Brčić Karačonji I, Zimić L, Brajenović N, Skender L. Optimisation of a solid-phase microextraction method for the analysis of nicotine in hair. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2726-31. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Pienpinijtham P, Han XX, Ekgasit S, Ozaki Y. Highly Sensitive and Selective Determination of Iodide and Thiocyanate Concentrations Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering of Starch-Reduced Gold Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2011; 83:3655-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200743j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prompong Pienpinijtham
- Sensor Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Xiao Xia Han
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Sanong Ekgasit
- Sensor Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
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Sancy M, Pavez J, Gulppi MA, de Mattos IL, Arratia-Perez R, Linares-Flores C, Paez M, Nyokong T, Zagal JH. Optimizing the Electrocatalytic Activity of Surface Confined Co Macrocyclics for the Electrooxidation of Thiocyanate at pH 4. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Jafari MT, Javaheri M. Selective Method Based on Negative Electrospray Ionization Ion Mobility Spectrometry for Direct Analysis of Salivary Thiocyanate. Anal Chem 2010; 82:6721-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ac101017m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. T. Jafari
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - M. Javaheri
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
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41
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Logue BA, Hinkens DM, Baskin SI, Rockwood GA. The Analysis of Cyanide and its Breakdown Products in Biological Samples. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340903535315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Baumann F, Regenthal R, Burgos-Guerrero IL, Hegerl U, Preiss R. Determination of nicotine and cotinine in human serum by means of LC/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:107-11. [PMID: 19959404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
As part of a joint clinical research project to study the effects of nicotine on the brain, a HPLC electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry method with a solid-phase extraction sample preparation was developed for the quantitative determination of nicotine and cotinine in human serum in volunteers. The measured concentrations of nicotine and cotinine were used as control for smoking behaviour. A X-Bridge-column from Waters, and a SSQ 7000 single quadropole mass spectrometer with a TSP liquid chromatographic system were used. The method includes a simple and robust sample preparation and this assay has been shown to be of a sufficient sensitivity for this application. The limits of quantification were 5 and 2ng/ml for cotinine and nicotine, respectively. A simultaneous study was conducted to measure nicotine receptor availability and the vigilance in the same group of volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Baumann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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43
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Shakleya DM, Huestis MA. Simultaneous and sensitive measurement of nicotine, cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine and norcotinine in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:3537-42. [PMID: 19748838 PMCID: PMC2763023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of nicotine, cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine and norcotinine in human plasma was developed and fully validated. Potential endogenous and exogenous interferences were extensively evaluated and limits of quantification were determined by decreasing analyte concentration. Analytical ranges were 1-500 ng/mL for nicotine and cotinine, 5-500 ng/mL for trans-3'-hydroxycotinine and norcotinine. Mean intra- and inter-assay analytical recoveries were between 101.9 and 116.8%, and intra- and inter-assay imprecision were less than 11% RSD for all analytes: parameters were evaluated at three different concentrations across the linear range of the assay. Extraction efficiency was > or = 70% for all analytes. This validated method is useful for the determination of nicotine and metabolites in human plasma to support research on the role of nicotine biomarkers on neuronal systems mediating cognitive and affective processes and to differentiate active, passive and environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diaa M. Shakleya
- Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Marilyn A. Huestis
- Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Abstract
Drug oral fluid analysis was first used almost 30 years ago for the purpose of therapeutic drug monitoring. Since then, oral fluid bioanalysis has become more popular, mainly in the fields of pharmacokinetics, workplace drug testing, criminal justice, driving under the influence testing and therapeutic drug monitoring. In fact, oral fluid can provide a readily available and noninvasive medium, without any privacy loss by the examinee, which occurs, for instance, during the collection of urine samples. It is believed that drug concentrations in oral fluid may parallel those measured in blood. This feature makes oral fluid an alternative analytical specimen to blood, which assumes particular importance in roadside testing, the most published application of this sample. Great improvements in the development of accurate and reliable methods for sample collection, in situ detection devices (on-site drug detection kits), and highly sensitive and specific analytical methods for oral fluid testing of drugs have been observed in the last few years. However, without mass spectrometry-based analytical methods, such as liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC–MS) or tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), the desired sensitivity would not be met, due to the low amounts of sample usually available for analysis. This review will discuss a series of published papers on the applicability of oral fluid in the field of analytical, clinical and forensic toxicology, with a special focus on its advantages and drawbacks over the normally used biological specimens and the main technological advances over the last decade, which have made oral fluid analysis of drugs possible.
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45
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Pascale S, Zeina AB, Mirna W. Saliva Cotinine and Exhaled Carbon Monoxide in Real Life Waterpipe Smokers: A Post Hoc Analysis. Tob Use Insights 2009. [DOI: 10.4137/tui.s2317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We have already suggested that waterpipe (WP) smoking is associated with an increase in saliva cotinine and carbon monoxide in a small number of smokers. Objective The primary objective of this study was to confirm the increase in exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) and saliva cotinine equivalents levels in waterpipe smokers in a real smoking environment, compared with cigarettes smokers and never smokers. The secondary objective was to assess the factors associated with WP dependence according to the Lebanese Waterpipe Dependence Scale —11 (LWDS-11). Methods Three groups were included in the study: never smokers (n = 43), waterpipe smokers (n = 103), and cigarette smokers (n = 42). A questionnaire was completed for each participant, exhaled CO measured before and after waterpipe or cigarette smoking, and saliva cotinine equivalents dosed one hour after WP smoking or after one cigarette. Results Waterpipe smokers, like cigarette smokers, are exposed to nicotine and to CO. We found that levels of saliva cotinine equivalents were lower in waterpipe compared with cigarette smokers, but significantly higher than never smokers. In waterpipe smokers, saliva cotinine equivalents was mainly affected by the number of waterpipes per week and the size of the waterpipe. High levels were again found for expired CO, which increased by 500% in waterpipe smokers, in comparison with 100% in cigarette smokers; in waterpipe smokers, the relative increase in CO was affected by the number of waterpipes smoked before measurements, while it was inversely associated to the number of persons with whom they were sharing the WP and to the WP size. WP dependence was significantly correlated with the number of smokers at home, at work, and the body mass index. Conclusion This is a confirmation of real life waterpipe tobacco smoking characteristics in Lebanon. It indicates that nicotine is only marginally retained in the bowl water where smoke passes, and that waterpipe smokers could be exposed to harmful substances, such as CO that was found to be quite high. The level of expired CO and salivary cotinine could be good tools to detect exposure to waterpipe tobacco smoking. In addition, obesity and surrounding smokers could increase the risk of WP dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salameh Pascale
- Pharmacist and Epidemiologist—Lebanese University, Beirut—Lebanon
| | | | - Waked Mirna
- Chest physician, St. George Hospital—Beirut—Lebanon
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46
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Kim SR, Wipfli H, Avila-Tang E, Samet JM, Breysse PN. Method validation for measurement of hair nicotine level in nonsmokers. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 23:273-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Man CN, Ismail S, Harn GL, Lajis R, Awang R. Determination of hair nicotine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 877:339-42. [PMID: 19109080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Revised: 12/05/2008] [Accepted: 12/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hair nicotine is a known biomarker for monitoring long-term environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and smoking status. In general, hair nicotine assay involves alkaline digestion, extraction and instrumental analysis. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) assay currently developed has shown to be of high throughput with average approximately 100 hair samples being extracted and analyzed per day. This was achieved through simplified extraction procedure and shortened GC analysis time. The extraction was improved by using small volume (0.4 mL) of organic solvent that does not require further evaporation and salting steps prior to GC-MS analysis. Furthermore, the amount of hair utilized in the extraction was very little (5 mg) while the sensitivity and selectivity of the assay is equal, if not better than other established methods. The linearity of the assay (r(2)>0.995), limit of quantitation (0.04 ng/mg hair), within- and between-assays accuracies and precisions (<11.4%) and mean recovery (92.6%) were within the acceptable range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Nin Man
- National Poison Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
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48
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Gallardo E, Queiroz JA. The role of alternative specimens in toxicological analysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2008; 22:795-821. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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49
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Chazeron ID, Daval S, Ughetto S, Richard D, Nicolay A, Lemery D, Llorca PM, Coudoré F. GC-MS determined cotinine in an epidemiological study on smoking status at delivery. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2007; 21:485-8. [PMID: 18086544 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Revised: 09/22/2007] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to measure the plasma cotinine levels in pregnant women and their newborns using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method in an epidemiological-delivered population with a wide range of tobacco intakes. Nearly 1000 pregnant women from regional maternity wards (n=1007) were selected for the study. Each patient kept a tobacco diary and underwent a blood test to assess cotinine levels and at the same time that the newborns' cordonal plasma was taken. These values were then cross-checked. Cotinine was estimated using a selected-ion monitoring mode with a 1.5 ng/ml quantification limit. The cotinine levels in mothers and newborns were highly correlated, whatever the mother's smoking status, with a calculated cut-off for cotinine levels in active smokers of 21.5 ng/ml. Finally, the cotinine determined through this GC-MS method offered a sensitive and accurate measure of tobacco exposition of the pregnant women and their babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid de Chazeron
- Department of Psychiatry B, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rue Montalembert BP 69, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
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Soukup-Hein RJ, Remsburg JW, Dasgupta PK, Armstrong DW. A General, Positive Ion Mode ESI-MS Approach for the Analysis of Singly Charged Inorganic and Organic Anions Using a Dicationic Reagent. Anal Chem 2007; 79:7346-52. [PMID: 17722882 DOI: 10.1021/ac071102b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Anion analysis continues to be of great importance to many scientific and technical fields. We propose here a general and sensitive method of detecting singly charged anions by ESI-MS and LC-ESI-MS as positive ions. This method utilizes a dicationic reagent to form a complex with the anion that retains an overall positive charge for analysis by MS. Nitrate, thiocyanate, perchlorate, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), halogenated acetic acids, and various other inorganic and organic anions and are investigated. The use of tandem mass spectrometry to enhance the detection limits of some of the anions is demonstrated. Chaotropic anions provided the lowest detection limits, with PFOA detected at the hundreds of femtograms level. Indeed, this single approach provides the lowest reported detection limits for a variety of anions, especially PFOA, nitrate, monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, and bromochloroacetic acid, among others. The integrated areas and signal-to-noise ratios for five ions during a chromatographic run in both the positive and negative ion modes are compared. The ability of this method to detect differences in related ions is shown for four arsenic species. Finally, a tap water sample is analyzed for the anions in this study using the dicationic reagent method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee J Soukup-Hein
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
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