1
|
Numan A, Singh S, Zhan Y, Li L, Khalid M, Rilla K, Ranjan S, Cinti S. Advanced nanoengineered-customized point-of-care tools for prostate-specific antigen. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 189:27. [PMID: 34905090 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Change in the level of human prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a major element in the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Most of the methodologies are currently restricted to their application in routine clinical screening due to the scarcity of adequate screening tools, false reading, long assay time, and cost. Innovative techniques and the integration of knowledge from a variety of domains, such as materials science and engineering, are needed to provide sustainable solutions. The convergence of precision point-of-care (POC) diagnostic techniques, which allow patients to respond in real time to changes in PSA levels, provides promising possibilities for quantitative and quantitative detection of PSA. This solution could be interesting and relevant for use in PCa diagnosis at the POC. The approaches enable low-cost real-time detection and are simple to integrate into user-friendly sensor devices. This review focuses on the investigations, prospects, and challenges associated with integrating engineering sciences with cancer biology to develop nanotechnology-based tools for PCa diagnosis. This article intends to encourage the development of new nanomaterials to construct high-performance POC devices for PCa detection. Finally, the review concludes with closing remarks and a perspective forecast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arshid Numan
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sima Singh
- IES Institute of Pharmacy, IES University Campus, Kalkheda, Ratibad Main Road, Bhopal, 462044, Madhya Pradesh, India.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Yiqiang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, SIST, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lijie Li
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kirsi Rilla
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanjeev Ranjan
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Stefano Cinti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy. .,BAT Center - Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, 80055, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Koeller KJ, Harris GD, Aston K, He G, Castaneda CH, Thornton MA, Edwards TG, Wang S, Nanjunda R, Wilson WD, Fisher C, Bashkin JK. DNA Binding Polyamides and the Importance of DNA Recognition in their use as Gene-Specific and Antiviral Agents. Med Chem 2014; 4:338-344. [PMID: 24839583 DOI: 10.4172/2161-0444.1000162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There is a long history for the bioorganic and biomedical use of N-methyl-pyrrole-derived polyamides (PAs) that are higher homologs of natural products such as distamycin A and netropsin. This work has been pursued by many groups, with the Dervan and Sugiyama groups responsible for many breakthroughs. We have studied PAs since about 1999, partly in industry and partly in academia. Early in this program, we reported methods to control cellular uptake of polyamides in cancer cell lines and other cells likely to have multidrug resistance efflux pumps induced. We went on to discover antiviral polyamides active against HPV31, where SAR showed that a minimum binding size of about 10 bp of DNA was necessary for activity. Subsequently we discovered polyamides active against two additional high-risk HPVs, HPV16 and 18, a subset of which showed broad spectrum activity against HPV16, 18 and 31. Aspects of our results presented here are incompatible with reported DNA recognition rules. For example, molecules with the same cognate DNA recognition properties varied from active to inactive against HPVs. We have since pursued the mechanism of action of antiviral polyamides, and polyamides in general, with collaborators at NanoVir, the University of Missouri-St. Louis, and Georgia State University. We describe dramatic consequences of β-alanine positioning even in relatively small, 8-ring polyamides; these results contrast sharply with prior reports. This paper was originally presented by JKB as a Keynote Lecture in the 2nd International Conference on Medicinal Chemistry and Computer Aided Drug Design Conference in Las Vegas, NV, October 2013.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Koeller
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St.Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - G Davis Harris
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St.Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Karl Aston
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St.Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Gaofei He
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St.Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Carlos H Castaneda
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St.Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Melissa A Thornton
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St.Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | | | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Rupesh Nanjunda
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - W David Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | | | - James K Bashkin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St.Louis, MO 63121, USA ; NanoVir, LLC, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu B, Kodadek T. Investigation of the relative cellular permeability of DNA-binding pyrrole-imidazole polyamides. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4604-12. [PMID: 19610652 DOI: 10.1021/jm9002999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pyrrole-imidazole (Py-Im) polyamides are a group of chemicals that are able to bind specifically to DNA sequences in vitro and in mammalian cells. Using a cell based reporter assay, we investigated the size and linker affects on the cellular permeability of polyamides. We found that the conventional beta-alanine-3,3'-diamino-N-methyldipropylamine (betaDa) linker strongly limited the cellular permeability. We discovered that a short ethylene diamine (Et) linker displayed high cellular permeability. With the improved Et linker, we found that the cellular permeability of polyamides was size-dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Translational Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xiao X, Yu P, Lim HS, Sikder D, Kodadek T. A cell-permeable synthetic transcription factor mimic. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:2865-8. [PMID: 17351994 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200604485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangshu Xiao
- Division of Translational Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9185, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kwon YU, Kodadek T. Quantitative Comparison of the Relative Cell Permeability of Cyclic and Linear Peptides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 14:671-7. [PMID: 17584614 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2007.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Revised: 04/16/2007] [Accepted: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic peptides are of considerable interest as potential protein ligands. It has been postulated that cyclic molecules might be more cell permeable than their linear counterparts due to their reduced conformational flexibility. We report a study that tests this hypothesis by using a quantitative, reporter gene-based assay that measures the relative cell permeability of steroid conjugates of molecules of interest. We demonstrate that cyclic peptides are, in fact, not generally more permeable than their linear counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Uk Kwon
- Division of Translational Research and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xiao X, Yu P, Lim HS, Sikder D, Kodadek T. Design and synthesis of a cell-permeable synthetic transcription factor mimic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 9:592-600. [PMID: 17530904 PMCID: PMC2518654 DOI: 10.1021/cc070023a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic molecules capable of activating the expression of specific genes are of great interest as tools for biological research and, potentially, as a novel class of pharmaceutical agents. It has been demonstrated previously that such synthetic transcription factor mimics (STFMs) can be constructed by connecting a sequence-specific DNA-binding module to a molecule capable of binding to the transcriptional machinery via a suitable linker. These chimeras mimic the two basic properties of native transcription factors, which are able to recognize a promoter sequence specifically and to recruit the transcriptional machinery to that promoter. However, none of the compounds of this type reported to date have been shown to function in living cells. We report here the first example of a cell-permeable STFM that activates the transcription of a reporter gene in mammalian cells. The compound is composed of a cell-permeable coactivator-binding peptoid fused to a DNA-binding hairpin polyamide. The peptoid was identified by screening a combinatorial library of approximately 50,000 compounds for binding to the KIX domain of the CREB-binding protein (CBP), a mammalian transcription coactivator. When incubated with cultured HeLa cells carrying a luciferase reporter plasmid bearing several hairpin polyamide-binding sites, a 5-fold increase in luciferase expression was observed. These experiments set the stage for the identification of hairpin polyamide-peptoid conjugates that are targeted to native genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Kodadek
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: 214-648-1239. FAX: 214-648-4156. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xiao X, Yu P, Lim HS, Sikder D, Kodadek T. A Cell-Permeable Synthetic Transcription Factor Mimic. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200604485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
8
|
Kwon YU, Kodadek T. Quantitative evaluation of the relative cell permeability of peptoids and peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:1508-9. [PMID: 17283989 PMCID: PMC2530819 DOI: 10.1021/ja0668623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated quantitatively the relative cell permeability of peptoids and peptides using a cell-based reporter gene-based assay. Generally, peptoids were much more cell permeable than the corresponding peptides, though the difference decreased with increasing length. These results suggest that peptoids may be useful reagents for manipulating the activities of intracellular proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Uk Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Translational Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Thomas Kodadek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Translational Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alluri P, Liu B, Yu P, Xiao X, Kodadek T. Isolation and characterization of coactivator-binding peptoids from a combinatorial library. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2006; 2:568-79. [PMID: 17216038 DOI: 10.1039/b608924k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacologic agents capable of activating the expression of specific genes would be valuable tools in biological research and could potentially be useful therapeutically. Efforts to develop a general solution to this problem have focused on the discovery of cell permeable mimics of native transcription factors comprised of linked DNA-binding and activation domain surrogates. Recently, we reported the isolation of a peptoid, called KBPo2, that binds a fragment of the mammalian coactivator CREB-binding protein (CBP). When delivered to a promoter-bound DNA-binding domain, this peptoid acted as a potent activation domain mimic in human cells. In this paper, we provide full details of the screening experiments and also report further characterization of this molecule as well as the other peptoids that came out of the screen. Of the three peptoids identified as putative CBP ligands, only KBPo2 demonstrated the necessary combination of binding affinity, specificity and cell permeability necessary to function as a potent activation domain mimic in cells. KBPo2 binds to CBP in a region different than that recognized by the native activation peptide from the transcription factor CREB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Alluri
- Division of Translational Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9185, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|