1
|
Makuch S, Kupczyk P, Woźniak M, Makarec A, Lipińska M, Klyta M, Sulecka-Zadka J, Szeja W, Gani M, Rapozzi V, Ziółkowski P, Smoleński P. In Vitro and In Vivo Antipsoriatic Efficacy of Protected and Unprotected Sugar-Zinc Phthalocyanine Conjugates. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:838. [PMID: 38931958 PMCID: PMC11207564 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis, a chronic immune-mediated skin disorder affecting over 125 million people globally, is characterized by abnormal keratinocyte proliferation and immune cell infiltration. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) remains underutilized in the treatment of psoriasis despite its potential as a promising and effective therapeutic approach. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and its sugar conjugates as potential antipsoriatic agents. We successfully synthesized protected and unprotected sugar-conjugated zinc phthalocyanines and evaluated their potential against cytokine-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes, as well as an established IMQ psoriasis-like in vivo model. Tetrasubstituted protected glucose-ZnPc (Glu-4-ZnPc-P) demonstrated superior phototoxicity (IC50 = 2.55 µM) compared to unprotected glucose conjugate (IC50 = 22.7 µM), protected galactose-ZnPc (IC50 = 7.13 µM), and free ZnPc in cytokine-stimulated HaCaT cells (IC50 = 5.84 µM). Cellular uptake analysis revealed that IL-17A, a cytokine that plays a central role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, enhanced unprotected Glu-4-ZnPc uptake by 56.3%, while GLUT1 inhibitor BAY-876 reduced its accumulation by 23.8%. Intracellular ROS generation following Glu-4-ZnPc-P-PDT was significantly increased after stimulation with IL-17A, correlating with in vitro photocytotoxicity. In vivo PDT using Glu-4-ZnPc-P exhibited significant improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), inhibiting splenomegaly and restoring normal skin morphology. This study highlights sugar-conjugated zinc phthalocyanines as potential candidates for targeted PDT in psoriasis, providing a basis for further clinical investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Makuch
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (M.W.); (A.M.); (P.Z.)
| | - Piotr Kupczyk
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (M.W.); (A.M.); (P.Z.)
| | - Marta Woźniak
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (M.W.); (A.M.); (P.Z.)
| | - Alicja Makarec
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (M.W.); (A.M.); (P.Z.)
| | - Maja Lipińska
- Experimental Animal Facility, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Magdalena Klyta
- Experimental Animal Facility, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Joanna Sulecka-Zadka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Wiesław Szeja
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Mariachiara Gani
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy; (M.G.); (V.R.)
| | - Valentina Rapozzi
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy; (M.G.); (V.R.)
| | - Piotr Ziółkowski
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (M.W.); (A.M.); (P.Z.)
| | - Piotr Smoleński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bertoldo Stefanello L, Pinto Teixeira E, Almeida Iglesias B, Valandro Soares M, Alexandre Antunes Soares F, Monteiro B, Luísa Kloster C, de Bona da Silva C, Antonio Villetti M, Borsali R. Carbohydrate-based block copolymer nanoparticles: Novel nanocarrier for delivery of chlorine-aluminum phthalocyanine for use in photodynamic therapy. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
3
|
Ribeiro CP, Lourenço LM. Overview of cationic phthalocyanines for effective photoinactivation of pathogenic microorganisms. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2021.100422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
4
|
Carboxymethyl chitosan/ionic liquid imidazolium-based nanoparticles as nanocarriers for zinc phthalocyanine and its photodynamic activity. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
5
|
Sadraeian M, da Cruz EF, Boyle RW, Bahou C, Chudasama V, Janini LMR, Diaz RS, Guimarães FEG. Photoinduced Photosensitizer-Antibody Conjugates Kill HIV Env-Expressing Cells, Also Inactivating HIV. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:16524-16534. [PMID: 34235324 PMCID: PMC8246456 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
HIV-infected cells persist for decades in patients administered with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Meanwhile, an alarming surge in drug-resistant HIV viruses has been occurring. Addressing these issues, we propose the application of photoimmunotherapy (PIT) against not only HIV Env-expressing cells but also HIV. Previously, we showed that a human anti-gp41 antibody (7B2) conjugated to cationic or anionic photosensitizers (PSs) could specifically target and kill the HIV Env-expressing cells. Here, our photolysis studies revealed that the binding of photoimmunoconjugates (PICs) on the membrane of HIV Env-expressing cells is sufficient to induce necrotic cell death due to physical damage to the membrane by singlet oxygen, which is independent of the type of PSs. This finding persuaded us to study the virus photoinactivation of PICs using two HIV-1 strains, X4 HIV-1 NL4-3 and JR-CSF virus. We observed that the PICs could destroy the viral strains, probably via physical damage on the HIV envelope. In conclusion, we report the application of PIT as a possible dual-tool for HIV immunotherapy and ART by killing HIV-expressing cells and cell-free HIV, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sadraeian
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Caixa Postal 369, São Carlos, SP CEP 13560-970, Brazil
| | | | - Ross W Boyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Calise Bahou
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | | | - Ricardo Sobhie Diaz
- Laboratório de Retrovirologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco E G Guimarães
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Caixa Postal 369, São Carlos, SP CEP 13560-970, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Study of Cytotoxic and Photodynamic Activities of Dyads Composed of a Zinc Phthalocyanine Appended to an Organotin. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050413. [PMID: 33924752 PMCID: PMC8145453 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy is a promising strategy to enhance cancer therapeutic efficacy and reduce drug resistance. In this study two zinc(II) phthalocyanine-tin(IV) conjugates linked by a triethylene glycol chain were synthesized and characterized. In these complexes, the zinc(II) phthalocyanine was used as a potential photosensitizer for PDT and the tin complex was selected as cytostatic moiety. The two dyads composed of zinc(II) phthalocyanine and tin complexes exhibited high cytotoxicity, in absence of light stimulation, against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells with low LC50 values in the range of 0.016–0.453 µM. In addition, these complexes showed superior cytotoxicity than their mixture of equimolar component, accompanied with a higher activity towards cancer cells compared to human healthy fibroblasts. However, under irradiation of the zinc phthalocyanine unit (at 650 nm) no photodynamic activity could be detected, due to the most likely quenching of zinc(II) phthalocyanine singlet excited state by the nearby tin complex according to a photoinduced electron transfer process. This study demonstrates the potential of heterometallic anticancer chemotherapeutics composed of a zinc phthalocyanine and tin complex, and it highlights that the development of such conjugates requires that the sensitizer preserves its photophysical properties and in particular its singlet oxygen sensitization ability in the conjugate in order to combine the PDT activity with the cytotoxicity of the anticancer drug.
Collapse
|
7
|
Önal E, Tüncel Ö, Albakour M, Çelik GG, Gürek AG, Özçelik S. Synthesizing and evaluating the photodynamic efficacy of asymmetric heteroleptic A 7B type novel lanthanide bis-phthalocyanine complexes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:6188-6200. [PMID: 35423167 PMCID: PMC8694812 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00197c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study heteroleptic A7B type novel Lu(iii) and Eu(iii) lanthanide phthalocyanines (LnPc(Pox)[Pc′(AB3SH)]) with high extinction coefficients have been synthesized as candidate photosensitizers with reaction yields higher than 33%. The singlet oxygen quantum yields of LuPc(Pox)[Pc′(AB3SH)] and EuPc(Pox)[Pc′(AB3SH)], respectively, were measured 17% and 1.4% by the direct method in THF. The singlet oxygen quantum yield of LuPc(Pox)[Pc′(AB3SH)] in THF is the highest among lutetium(iii) bis-phthalocyanine complexes to date. The photodynamic efficacy of the heteroleptic lanthanide phthalocyanines was evaluated by measuring cell viabilities of A549 and BEAS-2B lung cells, selected to representing in vitro models for testing cancer and normal cells against potential drugs. The cell viabilities demonstrated concentration dependent behavior and were varied by the type of phthalocyanines complexes. Irradiation of the cells for 30 minutes with LED array at 660 nm producing flux of 0.036 J cm−2 s−1 increased cell death for LuPcPox-OAc, LuPc(Pox)[Pc′(AB3SH)] and ZnPc. The IC50 concentrations of LuPc(Pox)[Pc′(AB3SH)] and ZnPc were determined to be below 10 nM for both cell lines, agreeing very well with the singlet oxygen quantum yield measurements. These findings suggest that LuPc(Pox)[Pc′(AB3SH)] and particularly LuPcPox-OAc are promising drug candidates enabling lowered dose and shorter irradiation time for photodynamic therapy. Novel bis-lanthanide Lu(iii) and Eu(iii) phthalocyanine complexes have been designed/synthesized and tested their photodynamic efficacy for A549 and BEAS-2B cells in vitro conditions as candidate photosensitizers in PDT.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emel Önal
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University Gebze 41400 Kocaeli Turkey .,Faculty of Engineering, Doğuş University Ümraniye 34775 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Özge Tüncel
- Department of Chemistry, Izmir Institute of Technology Urla 35430 Izmir Turkey
| | - Mohamad Albakour
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University Gebze 41400 Kocaeli Turkey
| | | | - Ayşe Gül Gürek
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University Gebze 41400 Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Serdar Özçelik
- Department of Chemistry, Izmir Institute of Technology Urla 35430 Izmir Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Günsel A, Bilgiçli AT, Barut B, Taslimi P, Özel A, Gülçin İ, Biyiklioglu Z, Yarasir MN. Synthesis of water soluble tetra-substituted phthalocyanines: Investigation of DNA cleavage, cytotoxic effects and metabolic enzymes inhibition. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
9
|
Ghazal B, Ewies EF, Youssef ASA, Makhseed S. Photo-physicochemical properties of water-soluble non-aggregated indium(III) phthalocyanines. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 234:118244. [PMID: 32199313 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phthalocyanines have interesting optoelectronic properties but typically suffer from aggregation in aqueous solution, which can limit their applicability, especially in photodynamic therapy. In this study, indium(III) phthalocyanine peripherally substituted with eight triazolyl-containing phenoxy groups (InOAc) and its water-soluble analogue (Q-InOAc) were synthesised and structurally characterised. Heavy metal effects, exerted by the central indium ion, on the photosensitising and photophysical properties (singlet oxygen quantum yield, singlet state lifetime and quantum yield, and triplet state lifetime) were investigated in both DMF and D2O. Highly efficient generation of the triplet excited state (T1), induced by the incorporation of a large atom, enhanced singlet oxygen formation, as revealed by both chemical and physical methods. Correspondingly, the singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ) of Q-InOAc was 0.603 in DMF and 0.433 in D2O. These values are higher than those previously reported for the corresponding metal-free, Mg-based, and Zn-based water-soluble phthalocyanines (HH, Mg, and Zn). Consequently, Q-InOAc is expected to be an excellent photosensitiser for photodynamic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basma Ghazal
- Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait; Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ewies F Ewies
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S A Youssef
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, P.O. 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saad Makhseed
- Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Synthesis, characterization, photo-physicochemical and biological properties of water-soluble tetra-substituted phthalocyanines: Antidiabetic, anticancer and anticholinergic potentials. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
11
|
Özdemir M, Karapınar B, Yalçın B, Salan Ü, Durmuş M, Bulut M. Synthesis and characterization of novel 7-oxy-3-ethyl-6-hexyl-4-methylcoumarin substituted metallo phthalocyanines and investigation of their photophysical and photochemical properties. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:13046-13056. [PMID: 31407759 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02687h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the synthesis of novel 7-hydroxy-3-ethyl-6-hexyl-4-methylcoumarin (1), four respective phthalonitriles; 4-(7-oxy-3-ethyl-6-hexyl-4-methylcoumarin)phthalonitrile (2), 3-(7-oxy-3-ethyl-6-hexyl-4-methylcoumarin)phthalonitrile (3), 4-chloro-5-(7-oxy-3-ethyl-6-hexyl-4-methylcoumarin)phthalonitrile (4), and 4,5-bis(7-oxy-3-ethyl-6-hexyl-4-methylcoumarin)phthalonitrile (5) and their corresponding alpha tetra, beta tetra and beta octa 7-oxy-3-ethyl-6-hexyl-4-methylcoumarin and beta octa 4-chloro-5-(7-oxy-3-ethyl-6-hexyl-4-methylcoumarin) substituted Zn(ii) (6a-9a) and In(iii) Cl (6b-9b) phthalocyanines has been performed. The novel purified compounds were characterized by standard characterization techniques such as elemental analysis, thermal analysis, FT-IR, UV-vis, 1H-NMR and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. All of the obtained phthalocyanines showed lipophilic behaviour with excellent solubility in organic solvents such as acetone, dichloromethane, chloroform, pyridine and ethyl acetate. The fluorescence quenching behaviour was investigated using 1,4-benzoquinone and potassium iodide as quenchers. The photophysical (fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes) and photochemical (singlet oxygen and photodegradation quantum yields) properties of these novel phthalocyanines (6a-9a and 6b-9b) were studied in DMF. They produced high singlet oxygen (for example ΦΔ = 0.99 for 7b) and showed appropriate photodegradation (in the order of 10-5) which is very important for photodynamic therapy (PDT), and thus these phthalocyanines can be used as Type II photosensitizers in PDT applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mücahit Özdemir
- Marmara University, Department of Chemistry, 34722 Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Begümhan Karapınar
- Marmara University, Department of Chemistry, 34722 Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Bahattin Yalçın
- Marmara University, Department of Chemistry, 34722 Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ümit Salan
- Marmara University, Department of Chemistry, 34722 Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Bulut
- Marmara University, Department of Chemistry, 34722 Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Amitha G, Ameen MY, Reddy VS, Vasudevan S. Synthesis of peripherally tetra substituted neutral azophenoxy zinc phthalocyanine and its application in bulk hetero junction solar cells. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
14
|
Amitha GS, Rajan VK, Muraleedharan K, Vasudevan S. Novel 4,4′-Fluoresceinoxy Bisphthalonitrile Showing Aggregation-Induced Enhanced Emission and Fluorescence Turn off Behavior to Fe3+ Ions. J Fluoresc 2019; 29:279-291. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-018-02338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
15
|
Hahn da Silveira C, Garoforo EN, Chaves OA, Gonçalves PF, Streit L, Iglesias BA. Synthesis, spectroscopy, electrochemistry and DNA interactive studies of meso-tetra(1-naphthyl)porphyrin and its metal complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
16
|
Neagu M, Constantin C, Tampa M, Matei C, Lupu A, Manole E, Ion RM, Fenga C, Tsatsakis AM. Toxicological and efficacy assessment of post-transition metal (Indium) phthalocyanine for photodynamic therapy in neuroblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:69718-69732. [PMID: 27626486 PMCID: PMC5342510 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallo-phthalocyanines due to their photophysical characteristics as high yield of triplet state and long lifetimes, appear to be good candidates for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Complexes with diamagnetic metals such as Zn2+, Al3+ Ga3+ and In3+meet such requirements and are recognized as potential PDT agents. Clinically, Photofrin® PDT in neuroblastoma therapy proved in pediatric subjects diagnosed with progressive/recurrent malignant brain tumors increased progression free survival and overall survival outcome. Our study focuses on the dark toxicity testing of a Chloro-Indium-phthalocyanine photosensitizer (In-Pc) upon SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line and its experimental in vitro PDT. Upon testing, In-Pc has shown a relatively high singlet oxygen quantum yield within the cells subjected to PDT (0.553), and 50 μg/mL IC50. Classical toxicological and efficacy assessment were completed with dynamic cellular impedance measurement methodology. Using this technology we have shown that long time incubation of neuroblastoma cell lines in In-Pc (over 5 days) does not significantly hinder cell proliferation when concentration are ≤ 10 μg/mL. When irradiating neuroblastoma cells loaded with non-toxic concentration of In-Pc, 50% of cells entered apoptosis. Transmission electron microscopy has confirmed apoptotic characteristics of cells. Investigating the proliferative capacity of the in vitro treated cells we have shown that cells that "escape" the irradiation protocol, present a reduced proliferative capacity. In conclusion, In-Pc represents another photosensitizer that can display sound PDT properties enhancing neuroblastoma therapy armentarium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Neagu
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Romania.,Immunobiology Laboratory and Alternative Testing Multi-Disciplinary Team, "Victor Babeş" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunobiology Laboratory and Alternative Testing Multi-Disciplinary Team, "Victor Babeş" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Tampa
- Dermatology Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Clara Matei
- Dermatology Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Lupu
- Immunobiology Laboratory and Alternative Testing Multi-Disciplinary Team, "Victor Babeş" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Emilia Manole
- Immunobiology Laboratory and Alternative Testing Multi-Disciplinary Team, "Victor Babeş" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Research Center, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rodica-Mariana Ion
- Nanomedicine Research Group, National Institute of R&D for Chemistry and Petrochemistry - ICECHIM, Bucharest, Romania.,Materials Engineering Department, Valahia University of Targovişte, Romania
| | - Concettina Fenga
- Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sekhosana KE, Shumba M, Nyokong T. Electrochemical and non-linear optical behavior of a new neodymium double-decker phthalocyanine. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
18
|
George RC, Sarah D, Durmuş M, Tebello N. Photolytic changes in the morphology of porphyrin-phthalocyanine nanostructures (P-PcNs) in the presence of platinum and gold salts. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2017.1284085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. C. George
- Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - D'Souza Sarah
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Kacaeli, Turkey
| | - Nyokong Tebello
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Synthesis, photophysical properties and spectroelectrochemical characterization of 10-(4-methyl-bipyridyl)-5,15-(pentafluorophenyl)corrole. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
20
|
Mantareva V, Durmuş M, Aliosman M, Stoineva I, Angelov I. Lutetium(III) acetate phthalocyanines for photodynamic therapy applications: Synthesis and photophysicochemical properties. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 14:98-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
21
|
de Souza TD, Ziembowicz FI, Müller DF, Lauermann SC, Kloster CL, Santos RCV, Lopes LQS, Ourique AF, Machado G, Villetti MA. Evaluation of photodynamic activity, photostability and in vitro drug release of zinc phthalocyanine-loaded nanocapsules. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 83:88-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
22
|
The novel 2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy substituted phthalocyanine dyes having high singlet oxygen quantum yields. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
23
|
Bilgiçli AT, Durdaşoglu M, Kırbaç E, Yarasir MN, Kandaz M. Metal ion sensing soluble α or β tetrasubstituted gallium and indium phthalocyanines: Synthesis, characterization, photochemistry and aggregation behaviors. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
24
|
Physicochemical and photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy studies of mono- and tetra-pyridyloxy substituted indium(III) phthalocyanines. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
25
|
Photophysical and non-linear optical behavior of novel tetra alkynyl terminated indium phthalocyanines: Effects of the carbon chain length. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
26
|
Li J, Yang Y, Zhang P, Sounik JR, Kenney ME. Synthesis, properties and drug potential of the photosensitive alkyl- and alkylsiloxy-ligated silicon phthalocyanine Pc 227. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:1690-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00321g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photolysis of Pc 227 yields the extensively studied photodynamic therapy drug Pc 4. The photolytic pathway is a homolysis involving a phthalocyanine π radical and low bond dissociation energy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland, USA
| | - James R. Sounik
- Department of Chemistry
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland, USA
| | - Malcolm E. Kenney
- Department of Chemistry
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Maduray K, Odhav B. The in vitro photodynamic effect of laser activated gallium, indium and iron phthalocyanine chlorides on human lung adenocarcinoma cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 128:58-63. [PMID: 24007866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal-based phthalocyanines currently are utilized as a colorant for industrial applications but their unique properties also make them prospective photosensitizers. Photosensitizers are non-toxic drugs, which are commonly used in photodynamic therapy (PDT), for the treatment of various cancers. PDT is based on the principle that, exposure to light shortly after photosensitizer administration predominately leads to the production of reactive oxygen species for the eradication of cancerous cells and tissue. This in vitro study investigated the photodynamic effect of gallium (GaPcCl), indium (InPcCl) and iron (FePcCl) phthalocyanine chlorides on human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549). Experimentally, 2 × 10(4)cells/ml were seeded in 24-well tissue culture plates and allowed to attach overnight, after which cells were treated with different concentrations of GaPcCl, InPcCl and FePcCl ranging from 2 μg/ml to 100 μg/ml. After 2h, cells were irradiated with constant light doses of 2.5 J/cm(2), 4.5 J/cm(2) and 8.5 J/cm(2) delivered from a diode laser (λ = 661 nm). Post-irradiated cells were incubated for 24h before cell viability was measured using the MTT Assay. At 24h after PDT, irradiation with a light dose of 2.5 J/cm(2) for each photosensitizing concentration of GaPcCl, InPcCl and FePcCl produced a significant decrease in cell viability, but when the treatment light dose was further increased to 4.5 J/cm(2) and 8.5 J/cm(2) the cell survival was less than 40%. Results also showed that photoactivated FePcCl decreased cell survival of A549 cells to 0% with photosensitizing concentrations of 40 μg/ml and treatment light dose of 2.5 J/cm(2). A 20 μg/ml photosensitizing concentration of FePcCl in combination with an increased treatment light dose of either 4.5 J/cm(2) or 8.5 J/cm(2) also resulted in 0% cell survival. This PDT study concludes that low concentrations on GaPcCl, InPcCl and FePcCl activated with low level light doses can be used for the effective in vitro killing of lung cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Maduray
- Durban University of Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Steve Biko Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lapkina LA, Gorbunova YG, Gil DO, Ivanov VK, Konstantinov NY, Tsivadze AY. Synthesis, spectral properties, cation-induced dimerization and photochemical stability of tetra-(15-crown-5)-phthalocyaninato indium(III). J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424613500648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The novel 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-tetra-(15-crown-5)phthalocyaninato indium(III) hydroxide [(15 C 5)4 Pc ] In ( OH )(I) was obtained by direct interaction of tetra-(15-crown-5)-phthalocyanine with indium acetylacetonate with 90% yield. The set of UV-vis, 1 H NMR and MALDI-TOF spectroscopy data allowed the unambiguous interpretation of complex structure. It was shown that the developed synthetic approach can be also used for synthesis of indium(III) 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octabutoxyphthalocyanine [( BuO )8 Pc ] In ( OH )(II). Photophysical characteristics (fluorescence and singlet oxygen quantum yields) of I were established. The photochemical stability of I was compared with tetra-(15-crown-5)-phthalocyanine H 2[(15 C 5)4 Pc ] and aluminum(III) complex [(15 C 5)4 Pc ] Al ( OH ). It was found that cation-induced formation of cofacial dimers [2I × 4MX] ( M = K +, Rb +, X = CO 32-, OPic -, OPiv -, SO 42-, ClO 4-, Br -) resulted in significant enhancement of complex photostability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila A. Lapkina
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry RAS, Leninsky pr., 31, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Yulia G. Gorbunova
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry RAS, Leninsky pr., 31, Moscow 119991, Russia
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, Leninsky pr., 31, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Dmitry O. Gil
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry RAS, Leninsky pr., 31, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir K. Ivanov
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry RAS, Leninsky pr., 31, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Nikita Yu. Konstantinov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, Leninsky pr., 31, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Aslan Yu. Tsivadze
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry RAS, Leninsky pr., 31, Moscow 119991, Russia
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, Leninsky pr., 31, Moscow 119071, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kabay N, Gök Y. Synthesis and characterization of metal-free phthalocyanine containing 16-membered N2S2-donor macrocycles linked to a 2-pyridinyl methyl moiety. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.05.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
30
|
D'Souza S, Moeno S, Antunes E, Nyokong T. Effects of gold nanoparticle shape on the aggregation and fluorescence behaviour of water soluble zinc phthalocyanines. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00146f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
31
|
Saka ET, Göl C, Durmuş M, Kantekin H, Bıyıklıoğlu Z. Photophysical, photochemical and aggregation behavior of novel peripherally tetra-substituted phthalocyanine derivatives. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
32
|
Physico-chemical properties of lutetium phthalocyanine complexes in solution and in solid polystyrene polymer fibers and their application in photoconversion of 4-nitrophenol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
33
|
Saydan N, Durmuş M, Dizge MG, Yaman H, Gürek AG, Antunes E, Nyokong T, Ahsen V. Water-soluble phthalocyanines mediated photodynamic effect on mesothelioma cells. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424609000863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The new peripherally 2-mercaptopyridine tetrasubstituted zinc phthalocyanine (2) and its quaternized derivative (3) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1 H NMR spectroscopy, electronic spectroscopy and mass spectra. The quaternized compound (3) shows excellent solubility in water, which makes it a potential photosensitizer for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. Fluorescence and singlet oxygen quantum yield measurements were conducted on 2-mercaptopyridine appended zinc phthalocyanines in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) for both the non-ionic (2) and quaternized (3) derivatives, and in aqueous media for the water-soluble complex 3. General trends are described for fluorescence and singlet oxygen quantum yields of these compounds. In this study, the cells were incubated with a novel water-soluble zinc phthalocyanine derivative (3) and thereafter the cells were illuminated using broad-band incoherent light source of various energy levels. Cytotoxicity of PDT on two pleural malign mesothelioma cell lines was determined by colorimetric proliferation assay. In addition, after PDT treatment, determination of activity matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were evaluated using gelatine zymography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nil Saydan
- Gebze Institute of Technology, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, PO Box 141, Gebze, 41400, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Gebze Institute of Technology, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 141, Gebze, 41400, Turkey
| | - Meltem G. Dizge
- Gebze Institute of Technology, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 141, Gebze, 41400, Turkey
| | - Hanifi Yaman
- Gebze Institute of Technology, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 141, Gebze, 41400, Turkey
| | - Ayşe G. Gürek
- Gebze Institute of Technology, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 141, Gebze, 41400, Turkey
| | - Edith Antunes
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Vefa Ahsen
- Gebze Institute of Technology, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 141, Gebze, 41400, Turkey
- TUBITAK-Marmara Research Center, Materials Institute, PO Box 21, Gebze, 41470, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nyokong T. Electrocatalytic and photosensitizing behavior of metallophthalocyanine complexes. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424608000388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic or photosensitizing (photocatalytic) properties of metallophthalocyanine (MPc) complexes are dependent on the central metal. Electrocatalytic behavior is observed for electroactive central metals such as Co , Mn and Fe , whereas photosensitizing behavior is observed for diamagnetic metals such as Al , Zn and Si . In the presence of nanoparticles such as quantum dots, the photosensitizing behavior of MPc complexes is improved. Carbon nanotubes enhance the electrocatalytic behavior of MPc complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Uğur AL, Dinçer HA, Erdoğmuş A. Synthesis, photophysical and thermal studies of symmetrical and unsymmetrical zinc phthalocyanines. Polyhedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2011.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
36
|
Moeno S, Antunes E, Nyokong T. Synthesis and photophysical properties of a novel zinc photosensitizer and its gold nanoparticle conjugate. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
37
|
Çamur M, Ahsen V, Durmuş M. The first comparison of photophysical and photochemical properties of non-ionic, ionic and zwitterionic gallium (III) and indium (III) phthalocyanines. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
38
|
Martín EI, Martínez JM, Sánchez Marcos E. Modeling the interactions of phthalocyanines in water: from the Cu(II)-tetrasulphonate to the metal-free phthalocyanine. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:024503. [PMID: 21241116 DOI: 10.1063/1.3528934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A quantum and statistical study on the effects of the ions Cu(2+) and SO(3)(-) in the solvent structure around the metal-free phthalocyanine (H(2)Pc) is presented. We developed an ab initio interaction potential for the system CuPc-H(2)O based on quantum chemical calculations and studied its transferability to the H(2)Pc-H(2)O and [CuPc(SO(3))(4)](4-)-H(2)O interactions. The use of the molecular dynamics technique allows the determination of energetic and structural properties of CuPc, H(2)Pc, and [CuPc(SO(3))(4)](4-) in water and the understanding of the keys for the different behaviors of the three phthalocyanine (Pc) derivatives in water. The inclusion of the Cu(2+) cation in the Pc structure reinforces the appearance of two axial water molecules and second-shell water molecules in the solvent structure, whereas the presence of SO(3)(-) anions implies a well defined hydration shell of about eight water molecules around them making the macrocycle soluble in water. Debye-Waller factors for axial water molecules have been obtained in order to examine the potential sensitivity of the extended x-ray absorption fine structure technique to detect the axial water molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa I Martín
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tuncel S, Dumoulin F, Gailer J, Sooriyaarachchi M, Atilla D, Durmuş M, Bouchu D, Savoie H, Boyle RW, Ahsen V. A set of highly water-soluble tetraethyleneglycol-substituted Zn(ii) phthalocyanines: synthesis, photochemical and photophysical properties, interaction with plasma proteins and in vitro phototoxicity. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:4067-79. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01260b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
40
|
Dumoulin F, Durmuş M, Ahsen V, Nyokong T. Synthetic pathways to water-soluble phthalocyanines and close analogs. Coord Chem Rev 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
41
|
Moeno S, Nyokong T. An investigation of the behavior of quaternized peripherally tetra mercaptopyridine substituted metallophthalocyanines in the presence of quantum dots. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
42
|
Ma L, Zhang Y, Yuan P. Nonlinear optical properties of phenoxy-phthalocyanines at 800 nm with femtosecond pulse excitation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:17666-17671. [PMID: 20721153 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.017666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated nonlinear optical properties of Phenoxy-phthalocyanine (Pc1) and Phenoxy-phthalocyanine-Zinc(II) (Pc2) at a wavelength of 800 nm with 100 fs pulses. The nonlinear absorption coefficient (alpha) and nonlinear refractive index (n(2)) are measured using standard Z-scan technique. Open aperture Z-scan indicates strong three-photon absorption in both phthalocyanines. With good solubility and excellent nonlinear optical coefficient,the samples are expected to be a potential candidate for optical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tunable Laser Technology, Institute of Opto-Electronics Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R .China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Synthesis, photophysical and photochemical properties of quinoline substituted zinc (II) phthalocyanines and their quaternized derivatives. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
44
|
George RC, Durmuş M, Egharevba GO, Nyokong T. Electrostatic self-assembly of quaternized 2,(3)-tetra(oxo-pyridine) phthalocyaninato chloroindium(III) with a series of tetrasulfonated phthalocyanines. Polyhedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2009.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
45
|
Ogunbayo TB, Nyokong T. Synthesis and Pd(II) binding studies of octasubstituted alkyl thio derivatised phthalocyanines. Polyhedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2009.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
46
|
Designing photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy: strategies, challenges and promising developments. Future Med Chem 2009; 1:667-91. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.09.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) are techniques that combine the effects of visible light irradiation with subsequent biochemical events that arise from the presence of a photosensitizing drug (possessing no dark toxicity) to cause destruction of selected cells. Despite its still widespread clinical use, Photofrin® has several drawbacks that limit its general clinical use. Consequently, there has been extensive research into the design of improved alternative photosensitizers aimed at overcoming these drawbacks. While there are many review articles on the subject of PDT and PACT, these have focused on the photosensitizers that have been used clinically, with little emphasis placed on how the chemical aspects of the molecule can affect their efficacy as PDT agents. Indeed, many of the PDT/PACT agents used clinically may not even be the most appropriate within a given class. As such, this review aims to provide a better understanding of the factors that have been investigated, while aiming at improving the efficacy of a molecule intended to be used as a photosensitizer. Recent publications, spanning the last 5 years, concerning the design, synthesis and clinical usage of photosensitizers for application in PDT and PACT are reviewed, including 5-aminolevulinic acid, porphyrins, chlorins, bacteriochlorins, texaphyrins, phthalocyanines and porphycenes. It has been shown that there are many important considerations when designing a potential PDT/PACT agent, including the influence of added groups on the lipophilicity of the molecule, the positioning and nature of these added groups within the molecule, the presence of a central metal ion and the number of charges that the molecule possesses. The extensive ongoing research within the field has led to the identification of a number of potential lead molecules for application in PDT/PACT. The development of the second-generation photosensitizers, possessing shorter periods of photosensitization, longer activation wavelengths and greater selectivity for diseased tissue provides hope for attaining the ideal photosensitizer that may help PDT and PACT move from laboratory investigation to clinical practice.
Collapse
|
47
|
Yanık H, Aydın D, Durmuş M, Ahsen V. Peripheral and non-peripheral tetrasubstituted aluminium, gallium and indium phthalocyanines: Synthesis, photophysics and photochemistry. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
48
|
Moeno S, Nyokong T. Solvent and central metal effects on the photophysical and photochemical properties of peripherally tetra mercaptopyridine substituted metallophthalocyanines. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2009.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
49
|
Synthesis, photophysical and photochemical studies of water soluble cationic zinc phthalocyanine derivatives. Polyhedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2008.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
50
|
Zorlu Y, Ermeydan MA, Dumoulin F, Ahsen V, Savoie H, Boyle RW. Glycerol and galactose substituted zinc phthalocyanines. Synthesis and photodynamic activity. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2009; 8:312-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b817348f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|